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1.Mask.ca.preven.airbornetransmission,directcontactwithmucou.membrane,an.inhalatio.o.infectio.microogani.intubation.
10.Q:TherearehowmanytypesofintubationA:
11.Q:WhendetectHypoxia,whatarethelessreliablesignsA.Les.reliabl.sign.ar.burpin.sound,a.ga.escapes,diminishe.breat.soundso.a uscultation,decrease,chestmovementonventilation,andgurglingsoundsovertheepigastrium.
12.Q:WhendoesHypoxiahappenduringintubationA.Hypoxi.happenin.durin.intubatio.ca.deteriorate theimpaire.respirator,conditions.
13.Q.Wha.i.th.bes.wa.t.detec.hypoxi.i.oesophagealintubationA:Measurin.th.carbo,dioxid.i.expire,ga.i.th.bes.wa.todetec.hypoxi.i.oesophagea.intubation.
14.Q:Whatarethemostcommonreasonsforfailedintubationandinabi1itytoventilateA.Abnormalanatomyorairwaypathologyarethemostcommo.reason,fo.faile.intubatio.an.inabilit.t.ventilat e.
15.Q:WhatreasonscaninducehypoxiaexceptintubationA.Hypoxi.i.als.induce,b.regurgitate,gastri.content,whichca.caus.bio ckag.o.th.airway,directl.o.secondar.tolaryngea.spas.an.bron chospasm.
16.Q.Wha.ar.th.thre.aspect,o.ref le.activitie.dur ingintubationA.Firstly,hypertensio.an.arrhythmias.Secondly,v omiting;Finally.laryngea.spasm.
2.Indications:
1.patient,wit.cri tica.oxygenatio.level.
2.th.patencyo.th.patient,airwa.i.thre atene..
3.Harm
1.increas.th.accumulatio.o.secretions.
2.increas.adegre.o.・・hypoxi.;
4.Nursescaution.
1.identif.whethe.th.patien.need..shor.periodo,hyperventilatio.wit..hig.concentratio,o.oxyge.beforesuctioning.
2.b.familia.wit.th.equipmen.available an.deta iLofth.procedure.
5.Preparation:
1.was.hands.
2.choos.appropr iat.equipment.3b.sur.wal.suctio.connecte.o.portabl.machin.i.available.4tongu.depressor.
5.eyeglasse..
6.mask.
7.suctio.tract.
6.Proced ure:
1.t.b.sur.tha.yo.ar.performin.o.th.righ.patient;
2.expla i.wha.yo.ar.goin.t.do.
3.explainin.th.necessit.andproces.o.t h.procedure.
4.tel.th.patien.tha.yo.ar.doin.toinser..cathete.gentl.an.as.th.patien.t.rela..5inf or.thepatien.tha.coughi n.mayb.induce,bu.i.i.al.right.
6.secureadequat.roo.lighting.
7.plac.th.patien.i.semi-Flower.position;
8.plac..clea.towe.acros.th.patient,chest.
9.d.prioroxygenatio.i.need.
10.ope.th.suctio.kit.
11.us.th.wrappe.as.steril.field.
12.chec.th.kit.
13.pu.o.steril.gloves.
14.reserveth.glove,o.dominan.han.fo.suctio.catheter.
15.pic.u.thecatheter.
16.tes.th.wal.unit.
7.Insertthecatheterthrough3ro utes.
1.Mouth,us..tongu.blade,slid.alon.th.sid.o.th.mout.tot h.oropharynx.
2.th.nostrils,slid.alon.th.floo.o.a.unobstruct e.nostri.t.thenasopharynx.d.no.applyin.suctio.whil.yo.ar.in sertin.catheter,acathete.onl.fo..singl.route..goo.practic.i.t.hoi.you.breathdurin.suction,suctio.carefull.i.cheeks,with dra.cathete.wit.arotatin.motion,flus.th.cathete.wit.steril.water.
3.Th.tracheostom..switc.th.nondominant,cleane.glove,handtothesuctiontubingandcontrolbutton;usingthedominant,ster ile-glove,han.o.th.catheter,inser.th.cathete.4-.inche.intoth.tracheostom.withou.occludin.th.port.suctio.a.thi.time.
8.Indicationtostop.
1.trachea,spasm.
2.patient,breathin.soundsclear.
3.suctio.mor.tha..times.
4.no.successfu.i.reachin.thesecretions.
5.th.patien.i.activel.resistan.t.th.procedure.
9.Finalsteps:
1.gras.th.cuf.o.th.steril.glov.an.pu.i.downwardove.th.use.cathete.wit.nondominan.hand.
2.detac.thecathete.fro.th.tubin.an.dispos.o.i.safel.i..receptacle.3repositio.th.patien.i.comfort.
4.was.hand..
5.offe.oralhygiene.
6.recor.th.procedur.o.th.chart.Unit
2.....CardiopulmonaryResuscitationl.Cardiacarrest/failure:i.th.su dde.los.o.cardia,outpu.whichi.potential!,reversibl.wit.prom p.restoratio.o.circulatio.andoxyge.delivery.
2.Development.BLSincluding:recognitionofcadiacarrest;ventilation,circulatio.ACLSincluding.BLS.EC.monitoring;rhyth.identification,restoratio.o.hemodynami.stabili.throughintubation;defibrillation;pharmacologictherapy.modernCPRincluding:closedchestcompression;mouth tomouthbreathing,externa,defibrillation.
3.Nurse,responsibili ty.carr.ou.CP.efficiently,perfor.theprocedur.a..membe.o.tea.o.alon.o.al.ages.
4.Functio.o.CPR:restoreshemodynamicstability;returnofspontaneou.circulation.
5.LimitsofCPR.prolonge,s urviva.i.obviousl.lower.
6.detai1introductionofCPR:ABC
1.Airw ay..steps.
1.determin.unresponsiveness.
2.positio.theperso.o.th.bac.o..firm,fla.surface.
3.til.th.personshea.bac.b.placin.th.pa
1.o.o.han.o.th.forehea.andapplyin.fir.backwar.pressure.
2.Breathin...steps.determin.breathlessnes.b.loo.liste.feel;kee pin.th.airwa.open.mout.t.mout.
3.Circulatio..steps.
1.knee.a.th.leve.o.th.patientsshoulders.
2.locat.th.lowe.margi.o.th.patient,ri.cage;
3.plac.th.hee.o.you.othe.han.ju s.abov.thos.fingers.4remov.you.finger,fro.th.indentatio.an.plac.tha.han.onth.to.o.th.on.alread.i.position.
5.wit.shoulde.directlyabov.th.chest.compres.downwar.keepin.arm.straight..ratio.
1.compressio.t..breath,a..rat.o.
10.compressionpe.minute.Unit
1.Shock,i..lif.threatenin.conditio,tha.occur,whe.intravascula.isunabl.t.mee.th.oxyge.an.nutritiona.need.o.th.bodycellsan.i.usuall.reflecte.b..sudde.dro.i.bloo.pressure.
2.・3factorsofinsufficientbloodpressure.
1.inadequat.cardia,outputduetoheartfailure;2suddenlossofbloodvolumeduetohemorrhag.;
3.sudde.decreas.i.periphera.vascula.resistanc.duet,anaphyl axis.
3.Severeconditionsafterprolongedshock.ARDS.DIC.MSOF.
4.4formsofshock.
1.hypovolemi.shock.
2.cardiogeni.shock.3extracardia,obstructiv.shock.
4.distributiv.shock.
5.Symptomsofsho ck.
1.Io.bloo.pressure.
2.anxiet.o.agitation;3pale.cool,clam m.skin.
4.Io.o.n.urin.output.
5.bluis.lip.andfingernails.
6.dizziness.light-headedness.o.faintness.
7.profusesweating,mois.skin.
8.rapi.b u.wea.pulse.
9.shallo.bu.rapidbreathing.
10.ches.pain.
11.unconsciousness.
6.AssessmentandTreatment:
1.regula.observation.
2.checkfo.an.fal.i.bloo.pressur.an.change,i.hear.rate.an.the strengt.o.th.pulse.
3.ideall.monito.th.patient.
4.asses,thepatient.consciou.level.
5.measur.th.respirator,rate.
6.measurep uls.oximetr.an.bloo.gases.7mechanica.ventilatio.i.needs.8kee.th.patien.warm.
9.inser.centra,venou.catheter.
10.fluidlo sse.an.inpu.shoul.b.recorded.
11.inser.urinar.catheter.ism.ineithe.larg.o.smal.droplet.
2.1isttherouteformedicationadministration.Th.com mo.route,use.i.clini.nursin.ar.ora.administration,inhalatio n.administratio.b.injection,vagina,administration,rectaladm inistratio.an.s.on.
3.Wha.ar.th.thing,expecte.t.b.don.b.nurs.beforemedicationTh.nurs.i.expecte.t.hav..knowledg.basi.o.drugs,includin.dru.nam.,classification,preparation,an.effec t.an.advers.effect,ofdrug.a.wel.a.physiologi.factor,tha.aff ec.dru.action.
4.Wha.ar.th.commo,route,o.parentera.medicatio nadministration.Th.commo,route,o.parentera.medicatio.admini stratio.areintraderma.injection,subcutaneou.injection,intra muscula.injection,an.intravenou.injection.
5.Describ.th.cont ent.o.th.nursin.assessmen.fo.medicationadministration..Theassessmentincludetakingamedicationhistory,communicatin.wit.h ealt.car.team,takin..physiologi.assessment,recordin.psychos ocia.factors.
1.whatrequiresinthenursingresponsibilitiesinadministrationNursingresponsibilityrequiresdexterity,steriletech nique,aknowledg.o.th.actions,usua.dosage,desire,effects,pot entia.sideeffects,ho.an.wher.t.giv.th.drug.
2.whatsthemaindiagnosisfornursetokeepinmindTh.mai.nursin.diagnosi.i.Hig.Ri s.fo.Injury,th.patient,canb.injure,b.th.wron.dosag.,tim..ro ut.an.sit.an.wrongmedication.Th.othe.diagnosi.i.Knowledg.De ficient.
3.WhatshouldbepreparedbeforeanyinjectionW.nee.t.pr epar..syringe..needle..swa.an.disinfectan.toclea.th.skin,an.medicatio.needed.
4.Describethepurposesofeachinjectionandtherequirementsforselectingsitesforeachofthem.1Intradermal injectionisusedfordiagnosispurpose.Sitescommonl.use.ar.th.inn e.surfac.o.th.forearm,dorsa.aspec.o.theuppe.arm.an.th.uppe.ar.,an.th.uppe.back.2Subcutaneou.injectio.i.ensur.slo.absorption,an.th.sitesinclud.oute.aspec.o.th.uppe.arm.anterio.o.th.thigh,lowerabdomina.wal.an.uppe.back;
3.Intramus cula.injectio.i.fo.quic.absorption,th.site,includedorsoglut ea.site,deltoi.muscl.site,femora,quadricep.site.
4.Percutane ou.injectio.i.fo.withdrawin.blood,givin.directintravenou.medicatio..flui.,nutrien.an.blood.Th.site,includ.thedorsu.o.t h.hand.an.inne.side.o.th.elbow,an.arms.
5.1istthecommonproceduresofinjections.Th.commo,procedure,o.injection,includ.
1.c onfir.th.physician,order.
2.Prepar.equipments.Identifyconfi rm.th.patient
4.Explai.th.procedure,t.patien.an.plac.hi.i.appropriateposition.
5.Was.you.hand
6.Folio,th.principl.o.asept i.sterile,technique.Dra.th.medicatio.fro.syring.an.elimin at.th.ai.fro.it
8.Choos,th.sit.withou.excessiv.pigment,nodul es.lesions,an.hair
9.Steriliz.th.arealO.Dar.th.needl.int.tis su.quickl.a..require,anglell.Aspirat.b.pullin.o.barrel,asse ssin.fo.bloo.returnl
2.Injec.th.dru.afte.judgin.n.bloo.
13.Re mov.th.needl.quicklyl
4.Pres.th.sit.wit..swab
15.Assis,th.pat ien.t comfor.positionl
6.Was.you.handsl
7.Recor.th.administr atio.o.・・th.medicationl
2.・Q:Whywholebloodisnotindicatedwhenbloodvolumeisnormalorin creasedA.Becaus.bloo.product,giv,th.onl.neede.element,t.th erecipient,thi.practic.make.i.possibl.t.provid.mor.needswitfewe.donation,an.t.decreas.th.ris.o.complication,sue.a.bio・o.carrie.diseas.an.circulator,overload,t.therecipient.
3.Q.Becaus.th.re.bloo.cell,provid.th.sameoxygen-carryingcapacityaswholebloodbutinsmallervolume.WhatkindsofsituationsdotheybeusedinA.The.ma.b.use.i.situation,i.whic.t h.patien.i.a.riskfo.circulator,overloa.bu.ha.th.nee.o.hemoglobi.fo.itsoxygen-carryin.capacity.
4.Q:Whatisneededbeforetheuseofredbloodcell sA.Typin.an.crossmatchin.i.neede.befor.th.us.o.redbloo.cel Is.
5.Q:WhatdoplateletsbeonlyindicatedforA.The.ar.onl.indie ate.fo.treatmen.o.life-threateninghemorrhage.
6.Q:Whendoesplasmaproteinfractionuse A.I.i.use.whe.th.replacemen.o.intravascula.volum.isnecessar y.
7.Q:WhatdoeshumanserumalbumintreatforWhyA:Becausehumanserumalbuminincreasesthecolloidalosmoti.pressur.o.th.bloo.an.i.usuall.recommende.a.atreatmen.fo.shock,burns,an.hypoprot einemia.
8.Q:WhatarethecommonbloodproductsincludingA.Commo,bloo.product,includin.packe.re.bloo.cells;platelets.plasma,huma.seru.albumin,cryoprecipitate.
9.Q:Whatdeterminestherate ofbloodadministrationA.Factor,includin.th.bloo.produc.bein used.th.patientsage,・andclinicalconditiondeterminestherateo fbloodadministration.
10.Q:Whyshouldnotthebloodbekeptatroomt emperaturelongerthan46hoursA.I.orde.t.avoi.th.dange.o.bacteri.proliferatio,an.redbloo.cell,hemolysis.
11.Q:WhatarethepurposesofadministratingbloodandbloodproductsA.Administratin.bloo.an.bloo.produc t.i.a.effectivetreatmen.t.restor.bloo.volume,replac.clottin factors,・andimprov.oxyge.carryin.capacity.
12.Q:WhatarethecharacteristicsofthebloodproductsA.
2.Q:Whatdoeswoundsareoftendescribedaccordingtohowtheyareacqui redA.Wound,ar.ofte.describe,accordin.t.ho.the.areacquired.incised.contused,abraded,punctured,o.lacerated.
3.Q.Accordin.t.th.likelihoo.an.degre.o.woundcontamination,whatcanwoundsbefurtherdescribedA.clea.wounds,clean-contaminate,wounds,contaminatedwounds.dirt.o.infecte.wounds.
4.Q:Whatisac1eanwoundsA.Clea,wound,ar.uninfecte.wound,i.w hie.ther.i.noinflammatio.an.th.respiratory,alimentary,genit aLan.urinarytract.ar.no.entered.
5.Q:What isac lean-contaminatedwoundsA.Clean-contaminate,wound,ar.surgica.wound,i.whic.therespiratory.alimentary.genital,o.urinar.tract,hav.beenentered.
6.Q:WhatarethethreestagesdoesprimaryintensionhealingincludesA.Th.defe nsiv.stage,th.reconstructiv.stage,an.th.maturestage.
7.Q:WhatdoeswoundhealingtakesplacebyA.Healin.take.plac.b.primar.o・secondar.intension.
8.Q.Wha.ar.th.mai.difference,betwee.th.primaryintensionhealingandsecondintensionhealingA.Secondar.intensio.healin.differ,fro.primar.intensionhealin.i.thre.w ays.longe,repai.time,greate.scar.an.morepron.t.b.infected.
9.Q:WhatfactorswillaffectthewoundhealingA.Bot.interna,an.ex terna.factor,ca.affec.woun.healing,etherpositivelyornegativ ely.Externalfactorsincludepreoperativ.stays,preoperativ.pre paration.an.intraoperativeelements.Interna,factor,includ.va sculature.immun.status,nutrition,obesity,an.stress.
10.Q:WhatwaysarerecommendedtocontroltheexternalfactorsthataffectwoundhealingA.Som.way.ar.recommende.t.contro.th.externa,factorstha.affec.woun.healing,whic.includ.treatin.bacterialinfec tion.befor.surgery,shortenin.preoperativ.hospita.stay,administerin.entera.o.parentera.nutritio.preoperativel.toth.mainourishe.client,i.th.surger.i.no.urgent,an.bathingwit.a.antimicrobia.soa.th.nigh,befor.surger.whe.clientshavin.electiv.surgery.
11.Q:Whatarethethreemaincomplicationsofwoundhealing A.hemorrhage,dehiscenc.wit.possibl.evisceration,infection.
12.Q:WhatdoestheCenterforDiseaseControlrecommendforpreventingwoundinfection.P66A.
1.Was.han.befor.an.afte.touchin.surgica.wound.
2.Touc.a.ope.o.fres.surgica.woun.onl.whe.wearingsteril.glove,o.usin.steril.forceps.Afte.th.woun.i.sealed,steriL glove,ar.n・longe,required.
3.Remov.o.chang.thedressin.ove.ope.an.clos e.wound,whe.i.become,wet.
4.Tak..specime.o.an.drainag.fro.th.woun.tha.issuspectedofbeinginfected.Sendthespecimentothelaborator.fo.cultur.a.Gra.stain.
13.Q:WhatisthepurposeofwoundhealingA.
14.Q:Whataretheemphaseswhenassessingthedrainages A.
2.Q:Duringcardiopulmonaryresuscitation,whatdoesintubationallo wsA.Durin.cardiopulmonar.resuscitation,intubatio.allows:ve ntilatio.wit.
100.oxyge.withou.leaks,suctio.clearanceo.inhal e.debris,an..rout.fo.administration.
3.Q:WhatistheessentialdeviceforintubationA:Laryngoscop.wit..curve,blad.an.functionin.ligh.i.theessentia.devic.fo.intubation.
4.Q:Whatisthelightlylubricatedlengthformalesandfemalesoftrachealtubes,A:Fo.males.22-24c.i.length.
8.0-
9.Om.interna,diameter;andforfemales:20-22cminlength,
7.5-
8.5mminternaldiameter.
5.Q Th.trachea,tub.i.connecte.th.anestheti.syste.orventilator・・tubingbywhatA.Th.trachea,tub.i.connecte.th.anestheti.syste.orventilato.tubin.b.cathetermountsoreIbow.（导管的接口）
6.Q:WhatdoesoralintubationrequiresA:Ora.intubatio.requi re.abolitio.o.th.laryngea.reflexe.andappropriat.monitorin.o.th.patients.
7.Q:Whatdoestherequirementsforthepatientsneck,headandmouth,whendoestheoralintubationA:Th.patien.shoul.b.positione.wit.th.nec.flexe.an.thehea.exten.a.th.atlantoocci pita,joint.Thi.i.th.so-calledsniffin.th.mornin.ai.position.Th.patient,mout.i.fullyopene.b.th.inde.finge.an.thum.o.th.righ.han.i.ascissor.action.
8.Q:Whendonasotrachealintubation,howtoavoiddamagetotheturbinatesA.Whe.d.nasotrachea.intubation..well-lubricate,tub.isintroduce.usuall.throug.th.righ.nostri.alon th.・floo.o.thenos.wit.beve.pointin.mediall.t.avoi.damag.t.theturbinates.
9.Q:WhatarethecommoncomplicationsinintubationA.Hypoxia,trauma,andreflexactivityarethecommoncomplication.。
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