完整定语从句的归纳-文档

※注:和可引导非限定性定语从句可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,和都可以指代主句中which aswhich as的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换因此，当指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从as/which句的主语时，谓语用单数.Our teamlost thegame,as/which wasreported in the newspaper.She wasterrified,as/which Icould seefrom hereyes.He marriedher,as/which wasnatural.区别

①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面Mark Twinis agreat writer,which/as isknown toall.=As isknown toall,Mark Twinis agreat writer.

②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意常用句型有等as we all know,as isknown toall,as everybodycan see,as isexpected,As isknown/said/reported/told/weallknowA.w.al.know.pape.wa.firs.mad.i.China.T.shu.you.eye.t.facts.a.man.o.yo.do.i.foolish.

③主句和从句有因果关系时;用which.Ou.clas.ha.wo.th.footbal.match.whic.mad.u.ver.happy.Bamboo.ar.hollow.whic.make.the.ver.light.

④从句含否定意义时常用which.She didntpass theexam,which wecouldnt expect.She didntpass theexam,as weexpected.关系副词指时间在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略此时的还可用介词替换此时先行词一

6.when when+which定是表时间的名词I still remember the time when I joined the League.=1still remember the timeon which I joined the League.=1still rememberthetime which/that I joinedthe League on.关系副词指地点在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略此时的还可用介词替换此时先行词

7.where when+which一定是表地点的名词I still rememberthe school where I joinedthe League.=1stillrememberthe schoolin which IjoinedtheLeague.=1stillremembertheschoolwhich/that IjoinedtheLeague in.※注对关系副词的认识when,where

1.先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句Fil neverforget thetimewhich/that Ispent inBeijing.

2.先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句This is the factorywhich/that hevisited yesterday.

③,当句型为引起的句子时用连接其后的句子此时的是次数,不是It/This/Tha.iswas.th.firstsecond•,-last.time thattime时间It/This isthe firsttime thatwe travel.It/This isthe lasttime that I shallgive youa lesson.指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为不能省略且引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从

8.why reason,why句I dontknow the reason why he was late yesterday.The reasonwhyfor which he waslate isthat hemissed thebus.※注当先行词为时，关系副词并非都用reason whyThis isthereason that/which hegave/explained tous.【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键试比较:（.wil.neve.forge.th.da.which/that..spen.i.Hongkong.（是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略）spent从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词The reasonthat/whichhegave fornot coiningto schoolyesterday isnt believable.是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略gaveThe reasonwhy hedidnt cometo schoolyesterday isntbelievable.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）三.值得注意的几个问题第一.当先行词是物时，关系代词（）只用的情况that/which that•当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时1This isthe bestfilm thathas beenshown thisyear.•上Thi.i.th.firs.boo.that orro.fro.th.library.XHe isthe firststudent that/who cameto schooltoday..当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时2H.talke.abou.th.teacher.an.th.schoo.that.h.ha.visited.当先行词本身是的,用3all thatoall that=whatAll thatwhat Iwant tosay toyou isThank you”.=A11what Iwant tosay toyou is“Thank you”.G.ove.aLtha.what.w.learned.在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略=Go overall whatwe learned,that.先行词为时,用4something.anything.nothing.everything.thing that.ril tellyou anythingthat Iknow..当先行词前有等彳修饰5all,much,little,many,a few,every,some,any,no,only,the very,one of,the only,the last,the next语时This is one of the booksthat Im very interestingin.X This isone ofthe books in whichImveryinteresting.This isthe onlybook thatI read.He isthe onlyone ofthe boysthat likesplaying thepiano.All theglasses that were on the tablefell offonto thefloor.人，物,当先行词在以或开头的特殊疑问句中时，用引导以避免混淆.

6.who whichthatWho isthe manthat istalking withthe ladyWhichof you that knowthe answercan cometo thefront.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用7that.He likesthe girlthat sheused to be.第二,当先行词是物时，关系代词只用的情况that/which which作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时.LThe room in whichhe livesis verylarge..引导非限定性定语从句时主，宾都用都不能省略.8which,Football.whic.i..ver.interestin.game.i.playe.al.ove.th.world.The house,whichI visited yesterday,is verylarge.指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句.

9.whichHe alwaysmakes funof me,which upsetsme.第三,其他特殊情况..先行词是指人时，关系代词只用1these,those who.Those who are playingover thereare mystudents..先行词是人称代词时，关系代词只用2he,she…who.He whodoesnt reachthe GreatWall isnot atrue man..不定代词作先行词时，关系代词用3someone,anyone,everyone,no one,somebody,anybody,everybody who.Anybody whobreaks therules wouldbe punished..

①先行词是可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式因为此时的先行4the onlyone of+词是而不是后的可数名词复数.the onlyone,ofHe isthe onlyone ofthe boysthat likesplaying thepiano.This isthe onlyone ofthe booksthat isborrowed.

②先行词是可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式因为此时的先行词是后的neof+f可数名词复数，而不是ne.This isone ofthe studentswhoarelate..当主句缺先行词时，用代替，但须注意只能代替可数名词单数.如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么.5the onethe oneIsthis schoolthe oneIvisitedyesterdayIs popmusic themusic helikes best.当先行词是在定语从句中充当方式状语时表”以…方式/方法”,引导词通常用或省略,也可用6th.way,th.way thati.which.I dont like the way that you speak.=1dont likethe wayin whichyou speak.=1dontlikethewaywhich/thatyouspeak in.【“介词+关系代词十种情况】在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下介词在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词和如

1.+which when,where whyI stillremember,我仍然记得初来学校的那一天the dayon whichwhenIfirst cameto school.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂The factoryinwhich=where Iwork is a largeone.这就是他为什么迟到的原因This isthereasonfor which=whyhewaslate.介词指物指人在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置2+which/whom他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩They arrivedat afarmhouse,in frontof whichsat a small boy.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟I sawa man,on thehead of whom stooda bird.介词+指物指人在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后

3.which/whom的名词所制约如你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？Could youtell mefor whomyou vebought thiscoat这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的The man,from whom I learnedthe news,is anengineer.介词用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者如

4.+which/whom,.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了The wolfby whichthe sheepwas killedwas shot打死狼的那人是个好猎手The manby whomthe wolfwas shotwas agood hunter.不定代词在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有

5.+of+which/whom,both,all,any,some,each,none,等如most.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我There area lotof bookshere,none of which belongsto me昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵Yesterday Marybought afew clothes,all of which wereexpensive.数词在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数

6.+of+which/whom,如.我们班有名学生，人是女生In our class thereare fifty-four students,twenty-five ofwhom aregirls

5425.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的Two watcheswere stolen,one of which wasmine名词代替名词，在定语从句中作定语如

7.+of+which whose+我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑I sawsome trees,the leavesofwhich=whose leaveswere blackwith disease.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了I livein ahouse,the windowsofwhichare allbroken..介词+（指物）（指人）修饰后边的名词如8which/whose雨下了一天一夜就在这期间轮船撞碎了It rainedall nightand allday,during whichtime theship wasbroken intopieces..司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图The driverwas theman fromwhose roomshe hadstolen themaps形容词最高级结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系如

9.+of+which/whom.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛China hasthousands ofislands,the largestofwhichis Taiwan.我们班有名女生，最聪明的是李华In ourclass thereare twentygirls,the cleverestofwhomis LiHua20介词不定式此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句如

10.+which+.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了At lasthe hadsomething aboutwhich towrite home他没有开、］的钥匙He hadno keywith which to openthe door.IHe hasasmallroominwhichtolive.【运用定语从句时应注意的几个问题】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致

1.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本（先行词是因此动词Thisisone ofthebookswhich werewritten byMark Twain.books,应用）wereo关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现

2.Thisisthe mostbeautiful placethatIhave visitedit.111打.由.11100加@11出*11血2（.由2・.112丫55证（1这是我参观过的最美的地方（去掉it,因that代替先行词在定语从句中作的宾语，再加就多余了.th.mos.beautifu.place visititThe schoolwhere Iworked thereisa big one..我所工作过的学校是一所大学校（去掉因既引导定语从句，又在从The schoolwhereIworked isabigone there,where句中代替作状语）intheschool关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略

3..桌上的那些书是给你的（关系代词作主语不能省）The booksthatwereonthetable weregiven toyouthat复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况

4.“one ofthe+复数名词”时，复数名词是先行词，所以谓语动词常用复数形式如果复数名词”前面有“one ofthe+“one ofthe+the等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，因为先行词是，而不是复数名词如very/only他是我们班唯一说日语的学生（是先行词）He isthe onlyone ofthe studentswho speaksJapanese inourclass.the onlyoneHe isoneofthe studentswho speaksJapanese inourclass.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一（students是先行词）

5.定语从句中和的选用who whom关系代词引导定语从句时，作主语用主格作宾语用宾格在其引导的定语从句带有插入语,而又who/whom who,whom不用逗号分开时，要用whooMary isa girlwho I think isclever.在定语从句who I think isclever中，Ithink是插入语，去掉后Mary isa girlwho isclever是一个完整的句子,who是定语从句的主语，不能用替换但下面的句子，情况就不同了whom.在定语从句中，如把看作插入语而去掉，则剩下Mary isa girlwhom Ithink tobe clever whomIthink tobe cleverIthink的部分很明显不是一个完整的句子结构，所以不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从Mary isa girlwhom tobe cleverIthink句在的主谓结构,作的宾语,是的宾补whom thinktobecleverwhom定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分如作主语和宾语用关系代词；作状语，

6.用关系副词（在从句中代替时间状语此句可分解为I

1.neve.forge.th.da.whe..wen.abroa.myself.when o.th.day,I）

1.neve.forge.th.day..wen.abroa.mysel.o.th.day.（代替在从句中作的宾语，该句可分解为I

1.neve.forge.th.day.tha.w.spen.together.that th.days,spent I）l.neve.forge.th.days.W.spen.th.day.together.。