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第讲一般现在时态的被动语态07lB基础知识.被动语态的含义在英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态1主动语态主语是动作的执行者被动语态主语是动作的承受着，即主语是行为、动作的对象,被动语态的构成2被动语态由“助动词及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词有人称、时态和数的变化be+be.被动语态的用法3当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词引出by.一般现在时的被动语态4
①一般现在时的被动语态的构成:及物动词的过去分词am/is/are+.这把刀是用木头和金属制造的This knifeis madeof woodand metal这些香蕉产于海南These bananasare producedin Hainan.
②一般现在时的主动语态改写成被动语态的方法:将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成及物动词的过去分词”，将主动句的主语变成被动句中的宾语（或省略）“am/is/are+by被动句:主语及物动词的过去分词宾语+am/i/are++by+Many middleschool studentsplay football.Football isplayed bymany middleschool students.许多中学生踢足球口诀:宾变主，主变宾，谓变时不变be done注意如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语（主动语态）我的老师给我许多书My teachergives mea lotof books.主语谓语间宾直宾被动语态I Iam givena lotof booksby myteacher.2A lotof booksare givento meby myteacher..一般现在时被动语态的句式变化5肯定句主语及物动词的过去分词++其他+am/is/are+by....这个风筝是玛丽做的Eg:The kiteis made by Mary否定句主语及物动词的过去分词++其他+am/is/are+not+by....这个风筝不是玛丽做的Eg:The kiteisn tmadebyMary一般疑问句主语+及物动词的过去分词++其他Am/Is/Are+by...肯定回答主语Yes,+am/is/are.否定回答No,主语+isn t/arenJ t.或No,T mnot.这个风筝是玛丽做的吗？Eg:Is thekite madeby MaryYes,it is./No,it isnt.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？］1|号过关检测“lllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
一、单项选择一
1.May Iwatch RunningMan3this Fridayevening,mom一Of course,if yourhomework bythen.A.will befinished B.finishes C.will finishD.is finished
2.The letterin French.I cantread it.A.write B.will writeC.is writtenD.will bewritten
3.——Could Iride an electric bicycleto school,Mr.Wang一No,you.Students underthe ageof16to rideelectric bicycles.A.cant；dont allowB.cant；aren9t allowedC.couldnt；shouldnt allow
4.Look atthe picture.The topten Most-Improved studentsin it.A.will belisted B.list C.will listD.are listed
5.More and more hillswith treesin myhometown.A.cover B.covered C.are coveringD.are covered
6.A lotof birdsin natureparks every year.A.protect B・are protectedC.will beprotected D.protected
7.Sorry,sir.It tosmoke in the hospital.A.didn9t allowB.isn9t allowedC.hasnt allowedD.wasnt allowed
8.Hurry up,Lily.You on the phone.A.want B.wanted C.are wantedD.were wanted
9.Nowadays,students morechances totake culturalfield trips.A.offer B.offered C.are offeredD.were offered
10.Jane spendshalf ofher pocketmoney onbooks.The restfor futureuse.A.is savedB.are savedC.was savedD.have beensaved
11.—Waiter,a glassof orangejuice,please.一Sorry.Orange juiceonly atbreakfast.A.serves B.served C.is servedD.was served
12.I wantthe workproperly.Tm theonly onewho cando itright.A.do B.be doneC.to bedone D.to do一
13.What TVprogram doyou likebest,Jack一I likeReaders thatby CCTV.A.is heldB.is holdingC.are heldD.are holding一
14.Hi,Bob.Why nottake yourmobile phone一Oh,students notto usethem inschool now.A.are askedB.ask C.are askingD.asked一
15..Your hometownis famous for tea,right一Yes.Now teaplants onmost mountainshere.A.were plantedB.are plantedC.will beplanted
16.The MonkeyKing is a Chinesecartoon hero.He bypeople ofall ages.A.will loveB.was lovedC.is loved D.will beloved
17.Many winterclothes topoor areasby volunteerseveryyear.A.send B.sent C.are sentD.were sent
18.Today,teenagers tohelp aroundin theirneighborhood.A.encourage B.encouraged C.are encouragedD.were encouraged
19.The flowersonthefarm twicea weekand theygrow verywell.A.water B.watered C.are wateredD.were watered
20.Nowadays,English bymany peoplearound the world.A.spoke B.was spokenC.speaks D.is spoken一
21.the filmSnow Whitel-No,it isnt.A.Has;been calledB.Is;called C.Was;called D.Will;be called
22.Every yearsince2001,one cityaround the world tobe theUNESCO WorldBook Capitalfor aA.chooses B.is chosenC.chose D.was chosenyear.
23.—If childrenwith othersvery often,they willprobably havetons ofpressure.—I cantagree more.Everyone isspecial.A.compared B・have comparedC.are comparedD.will compare—Not untilmy homeworktomorrow morning.A.will befinished B.has finishedC.will finishD.is finished
24.—When areyou goingto watchthe basketballmatch inour school
25.The classesabout spaceare interesting.They asthe beginningof studentsdreams forscience.A.will considerB,were consideredC.are consideredD.will beconsidered
26.How manycakes canI have,Mum——None,dear.They foryour grandparents.A.prepare B,prepared C,have preparedD.are prepared
27.This songstill bymany youngpeople today.A.has;loved B.is;loving C.is;lovedD.will;love
28.Now childrenin thatschool moretime toread andplay sportsinstead ofsimply learning.A.give B.are givenC.are givingD.were given
29.As soonas books,the volunteerswill postthem to the studentsin HopePrimary School.A.are raisedB.will beraisedC.raised D.have raised
30.The WorldCup isan internationalfootball competitionthat everyfour years.A.holds B.held C.is heldD.was held
二、完形填空请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案（人口稠密的）The UnitedNations announcedon April19,2023that Indiais goingto becomethe mostpopulouscountry intheworldby31end ofJune.In2022,India had32than
1.412billion people,which isvery close to Chinaspopulation of
1.426billion people.Indias population33to growtoalmost
1.43billion bythe middleof theyear,going beyondChinas.This bigpopulation canbe bothgood andbad fbrIndia.Ifs good34more people can workand（经济）（投资）help theeconomy grow.Companies35other countriesand areasmight alsowant toinvestin India,the AssociatedPress noted.But havingso manypeople alsohas
36.There mightnot beenoughfood,healthcare and37for everyone.It canbe hardto findjobs becausethere aretoo manypeople38work,CNN reported.（制造业）However,India stillhas manychances for39growth.Many manufacturingcompanies40factories inIndia.And Indiamay becomethe worldsthird-biggest economyby2027,according to
31.A.a B.an C.the
32.A.much B.more C.most
33.A.expects B.expected C.is expected
34.A.so B.but C.because
35.A.from B.behind C.into
36.A.challenge B.challenges C.challenges
37.A.educate B.education C.educational
38.A.look forB・to lookfor C・looking for
39.A.it B.its C.itself
40.A.are settingup B.had setup C.would setupMorgan Stanley,the investmentbank.
三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式Last September,almost allschools organizedafter-school classes.They alsoprovided two-hour after-school services（双减政策）41students onweekdays.It cameafter thedouble reductionpolicy^^42has beenwidely usedamong manyjunior high school students.The policyrequires schoolsand teachersto reducethe amountand difficultyof homework.For example,homeworkfor juniorhighschool students shouldtake nolonger thanninety minutesto finish.As aresult,it allowsstudents43（）have moreenergy ontheir hobbiesand interests.On aschool day,60students atXishan JuniorHigh Schoolin Guangdong,are learninghow to make someapple piesin44after-school cookingclass.Working ingroups offour orfive,the littlecooks（）45improve theirlife abilitiesso far.Parents arevery pleasedwith thispolicy and they support46very much.Now morethan80percent ofstudents canfinish theirwritten homeworkintheset time.With homeworkdone atschool,more students cando something47value afterschool thanbefore,such asdoing volunteerwork orjoining differentclubs.Almost95percent ofstudents areable toget moresleep atnight.Thats48exact whatthey want.In theperiod of the policy,studentscanenjoy betterhealth tomake sureenough timefor physical49activity.Forexample,all middleschoolstudents50encourage tohave onephysical educationcourseevery schoolday andtwo hoursof exercisedaily.
四、阅读理解AItaly,Robotic dogpatrols PompeiiA robotic dogcalled Spotis patrollingthe ancientcity ofPompeii in Italy and熔岩灰烬火山helping toguard it.Pompeii wascovered inlava andash whenthe volcanoVesuvius brokeout inAD
79.The robothas acamera andcan reachsmall spacesand walkon differentsurfaces.It takesphotos asit patrolstheancient streetswhen Pompeiiis closedto tourists.Tanzania,First locallymade electriccar onshowAn artistnamed MasoudKipanya hastalked aboutthe firstelectriccar madein hishome countryof Tanzania.He cameup withthe ideahimself andit tookhim11months tobuild it.Its范围made fromlocal materials.It hasa rangeof upto31miles andtakes sixhours tofully chargeup.Kipanya hopesitwill beallowed todrive onTanzanias roadssoon.Japan,Robot trainedto peelbananasResearchers atthe Universityof Tokyohave traineda robotto peel a bananawithoutsquashing thefruit.To trainit,they showedhow to peelabanana hundredsof timesso thatthe robotcould learnthoseactions.The robotis onlysuccessful57%of thetime butits hopedthat,with moretraining,robots coulddo wellinpeeling bananas.南极Antarctica Ship passes ice testA£200million shiphas completedits firsttest inthe Antarcticocean.The RRSSirDavid Attenboroughwill bringimportant scienceequipment andsupplies tothe BritishAntarctic SurveysBASresearch stations.RRS standsfor RoyalResearch Ship.The testsincluded the ship forcingits waythrough thickice.Thehead of the BAS,Jane Francis,described seeingtheshipsurrounded bysnow andice as“shocking”.
51.Which of the followingis TRUEabout Pompeii©It isan ancientcity inItaly.
②It isfamousformaking robots.
③It stopsvisitors fromtaking pictures.
④It washit bythe volcanoVesuvius inAD
79.A.
①②B.
②③C.
②④D.
①④
52.Who cameup withthe ideaof makinganelectriccar inTanzaniaA.A visitor.B.An artist.C.A researcher.D.Arobot.
53.The robotin Japanmight beused in.A.schools B.hospitals C.homes D.cinemas
54.Which pieceof newsis inconnection withAntarctic SurveyA.Robotic dogpatrols PompeiiB,First locallymade electriccar onshowC.Robot trainedtopeelbananasD.Shippassesicetest
55.What dothe news inItalyandthenewsinJapan havein commonA.They areboth aboutelectric cars.B,They areboth aboutrobots.C.They areboth aboutAntarctic Survey.D.They areboth aboutancient cities.BImagine havingeverything youneed——hospitals,stores,parks-just afew stepsfrom home.This is the ideabehindthe15-minute city.Here,peoplecanget allthe servicesthey needwithin15minutes fromhome.This socialmodel isbeingdeveloped incities aroundtheworld,from Paristo Moscow.It couldmake peoplehealthier andbuild strongerrelationshipswith neighbors.Carlos Morenoisastrong supporterofthe15-minute city.He wasencouraged bythe needto fightagainst climate（气彳院）change.In a15-minute city,car travelis notthe bestchoice.People shouldbuild morefoot roadsand bike（排放）.roads.Walking orbiking acrossthe cityis ofgreat usein cuttingdown CO2emissionsAnne Hidalgoplans todevelop15-minute communitiesthroughout France.That meansthe numberof parkingspacewill bereduced to60000by2024andmorebike roadswill becreated onevery streetofthe city.This typeof designdoes morethan goodtotheplanet.Joe Zehnderistheplanner ofthecityMoscow.He isdeveloping15-minute neighborhoods.Having storesclose tohomes makespeople ableto eathealthier foodand liveabetter Zehndersays.（包容Syra Madadis alsoa keyperson behindthe15-minute-city plan.He wantstomakethese placesinclusive的）.As aneighborhood becomesmore convenient,housing costsmay increase.Madad suggeststrying creatingmorekinds of houses,so thatpeople ofdifferent groupscan have a chance to livethere.根据材料内容选择最佳答案
56.Whafs the best wayto gooutside ina15-minute cityA.By bus.B.By car.C.By taxi.D.On foot.
57.Who isa keyperson behindthe15-minute-city planA.Carlos Moreno.B.Anne Hidalgo.C.Syra Madad.D.Joe Brown.A.By openingmore storesclosetohomes.B.By buildingmore neighborhoods.C.By increasingthe housingcosts.D.By creatingmore kindsofhouses.
58.How canwe makepeople ofdifferent groupshaveachancetolive inthe15-minute city
59.Whafs thestructure ofthis passage
①①②③②④⑤③母
60.What isthebesttitle forthis passageA.The Opinionsofthe15-minute CityB.The ReasonWhy PeopleLike the15-minute City。
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