清洁生产考试试题及答案

Pollution Prevention污染预防Waste Minimization废物最少化End pipeTreatment末端治理Source control源控制Cleaner ProductionTechnology清洁生产工艺Polluting controltechnology污染控制J工艺No WasteTechnology无废工艺Low WasteTechnology低废工艺Anticipate andprevent strategies防和预估战略Avoidance strategy回避战略Designed forEnvironment为环境而设计Front-end resourcemanagement首尾管理Waste avoidance污染回避Waste reduction污染削减Green productivity（绿色生产）Industrial Ecology/Industrial Metabolism工艺生态学/工业新陈代谢Life CycleAssessment生命周期评价Cyclic economy循环经济Sustainable development可持续发展Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment战略环境影响评价

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1.The definitionof CleanerProduction（UNEP andCP promotion law）答:CleanerProduction isthe continuousapplication of an integratedpreventive environmentalstrategyto processes,products,and servicesto increaseoverall efficiency,and reducerisksto humansand theenvironment.UNEP（联合国环境规划署）清洁生产是指将综合预防的环境保护策略持续应用于生产过程和产品中，以期减少对人类和环境的风险Cleaner productionas usedin thisLaw meansthe continuousapplication ofmeasures fordesignimprovement（改进设计）,utilization ofclean energyand rawmaterials,theimplementation of advancedprocesses（工艺），technologies andequipment,improvementof managementand comprehensiveutilization ofresources toreduce pollutionat source,enhance therates ofresource utilizationefficiency,reduce or avoid pollutiongenerationand dischargein thecourse ofproduction,provision ofservices andproduct use,so astodecrease harmto thehealth ofhuman beingsand theenvironment《清洁生产促进法》中清洁生产的定义清洁生产是指不断采取改进设计，使用清洁的能源和原料，采用先进的工艺技术与设备，改善管理，综合利用等措施，从源头消减污染，提高资源利用效率，减少或者避免生产服务和产品使用过程中污染物的产生和排放，以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害

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2.Target（目的）of cleaner productionprotect humanbeing andenvironment,enhance theprofit of the organization

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3.Try todescribe thecategory（种类范畴）of cleaner production audit（审核）According toCleaner productionpromotionlaw”,CP auditcan bedivided intovoluntary（自愿）audits andcompulsory audits（强制性审核）.

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4.Try totalk about the timelimitation ofcleaner productionaudit forvariousenterprises自企业名单公布后一年以内完成审核强制性清洁生产审核的企业应当在名单公布后二个月内开展清洁生产审核1“双有”企业，两次审核的间隔时间不得超过五年；2五个重金属污染防治重点行业的重点企业，每两年完成一轮清洁生产审核;3七个产能过剩行业的重点企业，每三年完成一轮清洁生产审核；4《重点企业清洁生产行业分类管理名录》确定的其他重污染行业的重点企业,每五年开展一轮清洁生产审核；5自愿实施清洁生产审核的企业可以向有管辖权的发展改革经济贸易行政主管部门和环境保护行政主管部门提供拟进行清洁生产审核的计划，并按照清洁生产审核计划的内容、程序组织清洁生产审核

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5.Describe theprocedure of CP audit清洁生产审核程序包括审核预备、预审核、审核、方案的产生和筛选、可行性分析、方案的实施、持续清洁生产Cleaner productionaudit programincluding auditpreparation,preliminary review,audit,scheme generationand screening,feasibility analysis,project implementation,continuouscleaner productiono

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6.When theenterprise violateswhich items,can beseen asnot passthe cleanerproductionassessment当企业违反了哪些项目，可以被视为不通过清洁生产评估

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7.When theenterprise violateswhich items,can beseen asnot passthe assessmentofcleaner productionaudit

1.不满足评估标准中的任何一条Do notsatisfy theevaluation criteriaof any one

2.清洁生产审核报告质量上存在重大问题，主要指1审核重点设置错误或清洁生产目标设置不合理2没有对本次审核范围做全面的清洁生产潜力分析3数据存在重大错误，包括相关数据与环境统计数据偏差较大等

3.企业没有按国家规定淘汰命令禁止的生产技术、工艺、设备以及产品

4.在清洁生产审核过程中弄虚作假

2.Cleaner productionaudit reporton thequality of the majorproblems exist,mainly refersto1the keypoint settingerror orclean productiongoal settingis notreasonable.2not tomake acomprehensive rangeof theaudit ofcleaner productionpotentialanalysis.3data thereare bigmistakes,including relateddata andenvironmental statistics,such aslargedeviation.

3.The enterprisedid notaccording to the provisionsof thestate outofthebannedproduction technologies,processes,equipment andproducts.

4.In theclean productionaudit fraudin theprocess.

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8.When theenterprise violateswhich items,can beseen asnot passthe checkandacceptance ofcleanerproductionaudit1不满足验收标准中的任何一条Dont meetthe acceptancestandard ofanyone⑵企业在方案实施过程中弄虚作假，虚报环境和经济效益，包括相关数据与环境统计数据偏差较大情况Enterprises inthe implementationprocess ofdeception,any environmentaland economicbenefits,including relateddata andenvironmental statisticsdata deviationlarger situation

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9.Try todescribe theeight factorsrelated towastes produce.1Raw materials and energies2Technologies3Equipments4Control oftheproduction processes5Products6Wastes7Managements8Stuff

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10.Where thedriving forcecome fromfor theenterprises tocarry outCP audit1企业对CP感兴趣用户压力生意上的竞争，竞争对手，借贷人的要求，市场潜力;外部压力职工家庭，政府机构贸易协会;管理压力地方团体，法律和标准，法规体系;来自内部的压力社会责任，生意事宜，贸易联合，职工健康2受市场驱动而参加CP

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12.Definition ofPay BackPeriod,NPV,Internal Rateof ReturnPay BackPeriod Thepayback periodofan investment isessentially ameasure ofhowlong ittakes tobreak-even foraninvestment.In otherwords-how manyweeks,monthsor yearsdoes ittake togetback theinvestment capitalthat hasbeen laidout fora projectorapiece ofequipment.Internal Rateof ReturnMany readersare likelymore familiarwith theterm return oninvestmentROI.ROI isdefined asthe interestrate thatwould resultin areturnonthe investedcapital equivalenttotheprojects return.NPV Thepresent value of netbenefitsPVNB showsthe worthofapollution preventionproject interms ofa presentvalue sum.The PVNBis determinedby calculatingthe presentvalueofall benefits,doing thesamefor allcosts,and thensubtracting thetwo totals.投资回收期的定义、净现值、内部收益率投资回收期本质上是一个衡量需要多长时间才能盈亏平衡的投资换句话说，有多少儿周、儿个月或者几年才能找回自己的投资资本，一直追寻的一个项目或一个块设备许多读者可能更熟悉术语投资回报RODROI被定义为利率，会导致投资资本回报率相当于项目的回报净收益的现值PVNB显示了价值的一个污染防治项目方面的现值总和这个PVNB是由计算现值的所有好处，做同样的所有成本，然后减去两个总数

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13.Definition ofcleanerproductionauditDefinition:Cleaner productionaudit asmentioned inthese Measuresshall meantheprocess offollowing certainprocedures toinvestigate intoand diagnosethe productionandservice processso asto findoutthecauses ofhigh energyconsumption,highmaterial consumptionand heavypollution andto rendersolutions forreducing theuseand productionof toxicor harmfulmaterialsanddecreasing energyconsumption,material consumptionand wastes,and thereforeto selectthe technically,economicallyand environmentallyfeasible cleanerproduction plans.清洁生产审核，是指按照一定程序，对生产和服务过程进行调查和诊断，找出能耗高、物耗高、污染重的原因，提出减少有毒有害物料的使用、产生，降低能耗、物耗以及废物产生的方案，进而选定技术经济及环境可行的清洁生产方案的过程

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14.Try totalk aboutthe connotationof CP试论CP的内涵

1.Is awhole processanalysis programfor thechange of materials,transform（转化）ofmaterials.

2.Is aaction stepto findquestions,formulate plan,assessment planandimplementation plan.

3.View pointoftheaudit:Energy Saving,Consumption Reducing,PollutionDecreasing andBenefit Increasing*

14.Focus onwhole processpollution prevention

1.是一个整体流程分析程序对改变材料、变换（转化）的材料

2.是一个行动步骤来发现问题，制定计划，评估计划和实施计划

3.观点的审计:“节能、降耗、减少污染和福利增加”

4.专注于整个过程污染防治

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15.Try tolist theapplication materialsfor checkand acceptanceofCPaudit试着列出应用材料验收的CP审核《清洁生产审核验收申请表》清洁生产审核报告环境监测报告清洁生产审核评估意见清洁生产审核验收工作报告报送省级行政主管部门。