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There be句Si
1.定义There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人
2.结构1There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.2There are+复数名词+地点状语.there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语某人或某物的数保持一致当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致eg.
①There is a birdin the tree.树上有一只鸟
②There is a teacherand manystudents in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生
③There aretwo boys and a girl underthe tree.树下有两个男孩,一个女孩
3.There be句型与have的区别1There be句型和have都表示“有”的含义区别如下There be表示“某处存在某物或某人\have表示“某人拥有某物/某人,它表示所有、拥有关系eg.
①He hastwo sons.他有两个儿子
②There aretwo menin theoffice.办公室里有两个男人2当have表示包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be句型与其可互换eg.A weekhas seven days.=There aresevendays in a week.一个星期有七天变脸一否定句There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可注意not和no的不同not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.例如There are some pictures on the wall.一There arent any pictureson the wall.=There arenopictureson thewall.There is a bike behind the tree.—There isn!tabikebehindthetree.=There isno bikebehindthetree.变脸二一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为调整法\”但同时要注意当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any否定变化也一样看看下面两句是如何改头换面”的吧There issome wateron Mars.—Is thereany wateron MarsThere aresomefish in the water.—Are thereany fishin thewater变脸三特殊疑问句There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化
①对主语提问当主语是人时,用\WhoVs+介词短语\;当主语是物时,用\nWhatVs+介词短语\注意无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式回答时却要根据实际情况来决定如There arcmany thingsover there.—Whats overthereThere is a littlegirl in the room.一Who is in theroom
②对地点状语提问提问地点当然用Where is/are+主语\啦!例如There isa computeron thedesk.一Where is the computerThere are fourchildren on the playground.一Where arethe fourchildren
③对数量提问一般有两种句型结构名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“「来连接It/safive-minute walkfrom thelibrary to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟She/sasixteen-year-old girl.她是个十六岁的女孩
5.表示“比…大(或)几倍”的说法This roomis twotimes biggerthan that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍The dictionaryis fourtimes thickerthan thatbook.这本词典比那本书厚四倍My ageis twotimes olderthan his.我的年龄比他大两介词用法at in与on在时间方面的用法at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子如He goesto schoolat sevenoclock in the morning.他早晨七点上学Can youfinish thework intwo days你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?Linda wasborn on the secondof May.琳达五月二日出生
1.at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等如at five o9clock(五点),at down(黎明),at daybreak(天亮),at sunrise(日出),at noon(中午),at sunset(日落),at midnight(半夜),at thebeginning of the month(月初),at thattime(那时),at thatmoment(那会儿),at thistime ofday(在一天的这个时候)2in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等如in2006(2006年),in May,2004(2004年五月),in themorning(早晨/上午),inthe afternoon(下午),in the evening(晚上),in thenight(夜晚),in the daytime(白天),in the21st century(21世纪),in threedays(weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week(一周),in spring(春季)3on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等如on Sunday(星期日),on awarm morningin April(四月的一个温暖的上午),on aDecembernight(12月的一个夜晚),on thatafternoon(那天下午),onthefollowingnight(下一个晚上),on Christmasafternoon(圣诞节下午),on October1,1949(1949年10月1日),on NewYears Day(新年),on NewYears Eve(除夕),onthemorningof the15th(15日的早上)等我们常用的方位介词有in onto在范围之内用in,在范围之外,如果两地接壤就用n不接壤的用to如Beijing is in thenorth ofChina.Japan isto the east ofChina.Shanxi Provinceis onthe west of HebeiProvince.更多介词如下表示时间at,in,on,by,through表示附近near,by,beside,at表示地点at,in,on表示除夕卜besides,except,except for,but表示方位:in,to,on表示上下above,below,over,under,on,beneath表示方式by,through,with表示原因for,from,at,through,with,because of,due to,owing to,on accountof,thanks to表示价格比率对比at,by,for,against表示属性特性of,with还有since,inside,out of,onto,into,without,instead of,from behind,until from,concerning,considering,following,including,regarding,respecting,saving等更多介词用法如下L at表示”在……处,一般指较小的比较具体的地点如He isnftat school.He isat home.他不在学校,他在家
1.1n表示”在……内部;在……里面”的意思如What isin the box盒子里有什么?
3.on表示“在某物的上面”,但两者互相接触如My booksare onthat table.我的书在那张桌子上
4.under表示“在某物垂直的正下方「两者之间不接触如My catis undermy chair.我的猫在我的椅子下
5.behind表示“在某物体的后面%如The broomis behindthe door.苕帚在门后
6.in front of表示在的前面”,正好与behind相反如There aresome bigtrees infrontofour classroom.我们教室前面有几棵大树
7.near表示”在某物体的附近:意为接近、靠近”如The ballis nearthe door.球在门旁边
8.介词in,on,under,behind是表示静态位置的介词接下来,我们来看看别人整理出来的有趣的“介词用法口诀Z早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in将来时态in…以后,小处at大处in有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用inat山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know tomanthis thattomorrow,yesterday,next lastone接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯over under正上下,above below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关’beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反besides,except分内夕卜,among之内along沿同类比较except,加for异类记心间原状because of,、owing todue to表语形容词under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分before、after表一点,ago、later表一段before能接完成时,ago过去极有限since以来during间,since时态多变换与之相比beside,除了last butoneo复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合之后、关于、在……方面,有关介词须记全in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前名词变复数的通用法
1.一般+s如map一maps,bag—bags等
2.特殊以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词+es如bus-buses,watch—watches等;
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,去掉y加上ies,以元音字母+y结尾加上s
4.以f或fe结尾,去掉f/fe加上veso如knife—knives leaf-leaves woUwolves wife一wives life一lives thief一thieves
5.有时可数,有时不可数典型例词fish当它解释为鱼肉时是不可数名词,当它解释成同一种鱼时,单复数同形,复数即为fish,当它解释为不同一种鱼时,+es,即为fishes.6•以结尾,a)photo-photos,piano—pian叫radio—radios,zoo—zoos b)加es的名词有potato一potatoes tomato一tomatoes
7.特殊词child-children(小孩)man-men A)woman-women(女人)
8.单复数同形(单数和复数一样)people(人)sheep(绵羊)deer(鹿))
9.国人变复数口诀中日不变英法变,其余s加后面Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-F renchmenAmerican-Americans等等.
10.字母、数字、引语、缩略语变复数,在其后加s或,seg.There aretwo tsin theword
一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空bottle.There aretwo1sin the number1There arethree chairin theclassroom.2These tomatoare red.3My brotherlooks aftertwo baby4My fatherlikes to eat potato.5Chinese peopleliketoeatnoodles.7I helpmy motherwash dishin thekitchen.6I have a lotoftoy inmy bedroom.8I havetwo pencil-box.9There aresome busin the street.
二、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange
2、class
3、monkey
4、piano
5、child
6、shelf
7、bed
8、country
9、family
10、toy11foot
12、radio
13、photo
14、tomato
15、woman
16、knife
17、sheep
18、ship
19、dish
20、mouse
22、leaf
21、tooth
三、选择填空I can see threein the zoo.A monkeysB monkeyes C mon
1.10Peter haseight foot.key
2.The pighas four•A.foot B.feet C.foots
3.My twobrothers areboth.A.policeman B.policemans C.policemen
4.1canseeten in the picture.A.sheep B.dog C.pig
5.The has three—.A.boys,watches B.boy,watch C.boy,watch es
6.Can yousee onthe plateA.bread B.breads C.breades
7.The girloften brushesher beforeshe goesto bed.A.tooth B.to othsC.teeth
8.Mr Blackoften drinksome.A.milk B.milks C.milkes
9.There aresome onthe floor.A.child B.water C.books
10..Lucy willshow ussome newof hers.A.photo B.photos C.ph otoes
11.I dranktwo•A.bottles ofwater B.bottle ofwater C.bottles ofwaters
12.The cateats twolast night.A.mouses B.mice C.mouse
13.1need apen andsome•A.books B.desk C.chair onthewal
1.They arevery beautiful.
14、There_A.are photoesB.are photosC.is photo
15.There_some_in theriver.A.is^fish B.are,fishes C.is,fishs D.a re,fish
16.There_two_in thebox.A.is watchB.are watchesC.are watchD.is watches
17.We shouldclean_twice a day.A.our toothB.our toothsC.teeth D.our teeth
18.Our roomis nearthe readingroom.A.teacher B.teacher,sC.te achers
19.Tom andJim are・A.friends B.friend C.brother D.sister
20.How manydo they have A.picture B.pictures C.a picture参考答案一.1Chairs2tomatoes3babies4potatoes5people6toys7dishes8pencil-b oxes9buses10feet
二、
1、oranges
2、classes3monkeys
4、pianos
5、children
6、shelves
7、beds
8、countries
9、families
10、toys
11、feet
12、radiosl3^photo s
14、tomatoes
15、women
16、knives
17、sheep
18、ships
19、di shes
20、mice
21、teeth
22、leaves
三、1A
2.B
3.C.
4.A.
5.C.
6.A.
7.C.
8.A.
9.C10B.ll.A.
12.B.
13.A.
14、B.
15.B.
16.B.
17.D
18.B.
19.A.
20.B祈使句祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议别人做或不做一件事祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用包号结尾祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾,也可以不用语气词祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等祈使句中的主语常常被省去表示命令的祈使句例如“保持肃静!、“起立!”表示请求的句式表示请求的句式通常是“请……”例如“请等我一会”表示禁止的句式表示禁止的句式有:“不准……”、不要……”、“别……”等例如「此处不准停车!」例如「此处禁止吸烟!」表示劝阻的句式表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」例如「请勿在车厢内饮食」Go andwash yourhands.(去洗你的手---------命令)()Be quiet,please.Please bequiet.(请安静——请求)Be kindto oursister.(对姊妹要和善——劝告)Watch yoursteps.(走路小心——警告)Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)Keep offthe grass.No parking.(禁止停车禁止)(勿践草坪——禁止)解说祈使句的否定通常使用“Dont例如:Dont let the dogin.(不要让那只狗进来)Dont touch,please.(请不要用手触摸)Dont besilly.(别傻了)祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:You go and tellhim,Chris.(克立斯你去告诉他)表示各种意思的中文祈使句祈使句是表示要对方做或不做某事、带有祈使语气的句子祈使句的语调特点
1、语音强度一般比陈述句重,书面上用感叹号表示
2、句末用降调,较长句子的后半部分几个音节速度加快祈使句的语气词祈使句主要依靠语气来表达,有时也借助语气词“吧、啊(呀、哇、哪)”等表达例如找个凳子坐下吧!让他走吧!可得抓紧时间啊!大家快过来呀!你可得好好干哪!祈使句的种类根据祈使句的语用意义和语气的强弱,祈使句可以分为四类
1、表示命令的祈使句表示命令的祈使句都带有强制性,要求对方必须服从,言辞肯定,态度严肃例如立定!站起来!让他进来!快去救火!
2、表示请求的祈使句与表示命令的祈使句相比,表示请求的祈使句的语气要舒缓一些,可以使用语气词“吧、啊”,主语可以出现,也可以不出现例如请给我们多提意见!您请坐啊!这个问题你来回答吧!帮帮我的忙吧!
3、表示禁止的祈使句表示禁止的祈使句明确表示禁止对方做什么事情,言辞强硬,态度坚决,不用语气词例如别动!不许胡说!此处不准吸烟!你不要去!谁也不要随便说话!
4、表示劝阻的祈使句表示劝阻的祈使句语调比较平缓,常用语气词“吧、啊”例如要好好听老师的话啊!你们几个休息一会儿吧!大家都少说几句吧!你们可别拿他开玩笑了!英语祈使句(Imperative Sentence)定义用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束例Go andwash yourhands.(去洗你的手---------命令)()Be quiet,please.Please bequiet.(请安静——请求)Be kindto oursister.(对姊妹要和善——劝告)Watch yoursteps.(走路小心一一警告)Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)Keep offthe grass.(勿践草坪——禁止)No parking.(禁止停车——禁止)No eatingor drinking.(禁止吃喝——禁止)No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾——禁止)祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:You go and tellhim,Chris.(克立斯去告诉他)相关口令祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当.句首加donl否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号表现形式•肯定结构
1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾适)+其它成分)如:Please have a seathere.请这边坐有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略如:This way,please.=Go thisway,please.请这边走
2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)如:Be aRood boy!要做一个好孩子!
3.Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)如:Let mehelp you.让我来帮你•否定结构
1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成如:Dont forgetme!不要忘记我!Dont belate forschool!上学不要迟到!
2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Doni+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”如:Dont lethim go./Let himnot go.另U让他走
3.有些可用no九头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!练习将下列汉语翻译成英语
1.请照看好您的包.
2.让我们去学校吧!!
3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!!
4.不要把书放这儿.
5.不要让猫进来.Key:
1.Please look after yourbag.
2.Lets go to school.
3.Be glad,dear
4.Dont put the bookhere.
5.Dont letthe catcome in/Let thecat notcome in.祈使句用法let”带头的祈使句由let带头的祈使句Imperative Sentences是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种
1.表示“建议”这个句型里的“let”后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如1Let metry.2Lets do it.3Let megoandlook forit.这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气试比较4a和4b:4a.Don*t disturb him.b.Let*s notdisturbhim.a是直接命令,语气强烈,不如b温柔悦耳
2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如5Let Roberttake chargeof themarketing department.6Let herjoin ourchoir.
3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如7Let himtry andhe willexpose hisinability to work onhis own.8Let theinvaders comeand ourarmed forceswill wipethem outin notime.用“let”的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点
一、let的否定句有二如果宾语是第三人称用Dont let..…”见例9;如果宾语是第一人称,则用Let……not见例109Dont letthis typeof thingshappen again.10Its rainingnow.Lets notgo outuntil afterthe rain.
二、Let”只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态the passivevoice,如11Let therecalcitrant criminalsbe sentto prison.12Let allthe dedicatedcapable staffbe promoted.
三、Let后头除了是不带to”的不定式动词The infinitivewithoutton之外,还可以是某些适当的副四,如out,in,down,alone等13Let thepuppy out.14Open thewindows andletthefresh airin.How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?不定兄词indefinite articlesa/an的用法不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念,如A stitchin timesaves nine.1Jason isan internationallyknown scholar.2此外,a/an还有下列6种用途㈠常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用,以表示“每一”的概念,如:3I teachfive daysaweek.This typeof vegetablesis soldat onedollar akilo.4My carusually runssixty kilometresan hour.5㈡常和hundred,thousand,dozen以及数目及数量连用,如:That factoryturns outat leasta hundredtyres a day.6NoeVs monthlysalary isa thousanddollars.7I have a numberof sponsoredstudents.8㈢在“of/at”后面出现,以表示“同一类”这概念,如:Mary has a lotof money.9Birds ofa featherflock together.
1011.Please comeone ata time.
12.Things ofa kindcome together,so dopeople ofa mind.㈣常在“rather,quite,many,half,what,such”等字后面出现,形成固定用法,如
13.Tom israther afool.
1..1think Chineseis quitea usefullanguage.
15.Many a student hasasked thatquestion.
16.The visitorleft halfan hourago.
17.What afine dayit is!
18.How canyou saysuch athing㈤用在“so,as,too,how+形容词”这些结构里,如:
19.We havenot hadso hota daybefore.
20.Susan is as cleveragirlas Anna.15The roomis toosunny.Let theblinds down.16Let mealone,please.
四、用Lets”时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用Letus时,并不包括对方,如17Lets try it,shall we18Let usdoitby ourselves,will you从17里的shall we”和18里的“will you”,不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等谓语动词一律用原形句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调1含有第二人称主语的祈使句Be careful!小心!Dont makesuch anoise.不要这么吵a.句型动词原形.省略主语〜肯定的祈使句Stand up.起立Be quiet,please.请安静b.有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加doDo sitdown.务必请坐Do studyhard.一定要努力学习比较祈使句和陈述句陈述句You sitdown.你坐下来祈使句Sit down.坐下省略主语youc.用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号Go thisway,please.请这边走d.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾Li Ming,come here.李明,过来Come here,Li Ming.过来,李明否定的祈使句句型DonMt+动词原形〜Dont swimin theriver.别在河里游泳DonHt belate.别迟到Please donntbe noisy.请不要大声喧哗注意表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词/动名词”来表示No smoking!禁止吸烟!No parking!禁止停车!No entry!不准入内!No litter!不准乱扔杂物!英语祈使句句型转换祈使句与陈述句的改写
1.祈使句=You must…陈述句Come here.过来=You mustcome here.你必须过来Dont do that again.你一定不可以再那样做了
2.Please+祈使句=Will youplease〜?陈述句Please helpme.请帮帮我=Will youplease helpme你愿意帮我的忙吗?Come here on time,please.请准时至U这JL=Will youplease comehereontime请你准时到好吗?
3.含有第
一、第三人称主语的祈使句Lets saygood-bye here.我们在此道别吧Dont lethim dothat again.别让他再那么做了.
1.肯定的祈使句句型*Let+第一人称me,us〜.・Let+第三人称代词宾格:him,her,it,them或名词〜.Lets goat once.咱们马上动身吧Let metry again.让我再试试Let Tomgo therehimself.让汤姆自己去那儿注意Lets包括对方,Let us不包括对方反意疑问句时最明显Lets go,shall we咱们去吧,怎么样?Let usgo,will you让我们去吧,行吗?征求对方的意见
2.否定的祈使句句型lets us,me+not+动词原形〜.Don5t let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.Lets notsay anythingabout it.对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说Dont letthem playwith fire.别让他们玩火句型转换祈使句有时相当一个“i3引导的条件状语从句祈使句Use yourhead and youll finda way.条件句If youuse yourhead,youll finda way.注意回答Lets〜的反意疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes,lets.否定时用NO,lets not.祈使句变反意疑问句的方法祈使句后的反意疑问句形式a,Let,s表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用we表示,问句用shall we或shant we如Lets have a cupof tea,shall weshant web,Let me或Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用will you或wonftyou.Let mehave arest,will youwont youc,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.如Have arest,will you.Stand up,will won*t you.英语祈使句的特殊用法祈使句有时候相当有一个由if引导的条件状语从句如Study harder,andyou will catch up with the others in your class.努力学习些,你会赶上班里其他同学的If youstudy harder,youwillcatchupwiththeothersinyourclass.如果你学习再努力些,你会赶上班上其他同学的祈使句的组成:
①:动词原形+其他
②动词原形+其他:Please+
③,动词原形:don t+As students,we shouldputthelearning in the firstplace身为学生,我们应该把学习放在第一位情态动词用法归纳情态动词的种类can could,may might,must,have to,shall should,will would,dare dared,needneeded,ought to等情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、can,could1表示能力体力、知识、技能Can youlift this heavy box体力Mary canspeak threelanguages.矢口识Can youskate技能此时可用be able to代替Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be ableto则有更多的时态Ill notbe ableto comethis afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be ableto,不能用Can如He wasableto go to the partyyesterday eveningin spiteof theheavy rain.2表示请求和允许Can I go nowYes,you can./No,you cant此时可与may互换在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中——Could I come to see youtomorrow()——Yes,you can.No,Tm afraidnot.3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)Theyve changedthe timetable,so wecan goby businstead.This hallcan hold500people atleast.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中Can this be trueThiscant bedone byhim.How canthisbetrue
二、may,might1)表示请求和允许might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式否定回答时可用cant或mustnt表示“不可以,禁止“——Might/May Ismoke inthis room——No,you mustnt.——May/Might I take thisbook outof theroom——Yes,you can.(No,you can9t/mustnt.)用May I…?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI…?在口语中更常见2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿May yousucceed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小
1.He may/might bevery busynow.
2.Your mothermay/might notknow thetruth.
三、must,have to1)表示必须、必要You mustcome intime.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn飞(禁止,不准),而用needrft,don9t have to(不必).——Must wehand in our exercisebooks today——Yes,you must.——No,you dont have to/you neednt.2)must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式
1.he playisnt interesting,I reallymust gonow.
2.I hadtoworkwhen Iwas yourage.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1.Youre Tomsgood friend,so you must knowwhat helikes best.
2.Your mothermust bewaiting foryou now.
四、dare,need1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared
1.How dareyou sayIm unfair
2.He darentspeak Englishbefore sucha crowd,dare he,
3.If wedared notgo therethat daywe couldntget thebeautiful flowers.2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替
1.You needntcome soearly.
2.——Need Ifinish thework today——Yes,youmust./No,you neednt.3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式而need后面只能接带to的不定式
1.1dare toswim acrossthis river.()
2.He doesntdare toanswer.
3.He needsto finishhis homeworktoday.
五、shall,should1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见What shallwe dothis evening2)shall用于第
二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁
1.You shallfail ifyou dontworkhard.(警告)
2.He shallhave thebook whenI finishit.(允诺)
3.He shallbe punished.(威月办)
六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉Will/Would youpass methe ball,please2)表示意志、愿望和决心
3.1will neverdothatagain.)2They askedhim ifhe wouldgo abroad.3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义
1.During thevacation,he wouldvisit meevery otherday.
2.The woundwould notheal.4)表示估计和猜想It wouldbe aboutten oclockwhen sheleft home.
七、should,ought to1)should,ought to表示“应该,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重
1.1should help her becauseshe isin trouble.)2You ought to takecare of the baby.2)表示劝告、建议和命令should,ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should
1.You should/ought to go toclass rightaway.
2.Should Iopen thewindow3)表示推测should,oughtto(客观推测),must(主观推测)
1.He mustbe home by now.(断定他已至家)
2.He oughtto/should behomebynow.(不太肯定)
3.This iswhere theoil mustbe.(直爽)
4.This iswhere theoil oughtto/shouldbe.(含蓄)人称代词和物主代词A.按要求写出下列代词的形式.(i(r)
1、I(宾格)
2、he(形容词性物主代词)
3、us(主格)
4、they(宾格)
5、she(宾格)
6、you(形容词性物主代词)
7、it(宾格)8him(复数)
9、her(形容词性物主代词)
10、my(复数)B.选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾(10,)()
1.This is my/I mother.()
2.Nice tomeet your/you.()
3.He/His name is Mark.()
4.Whafs she/her name()
5.Excuse me/my/
1.()
6.Are your/you MissLi()
7.1/My amBen.()
8.She/Her ismy sister.()
9.Fine,thank your/you.()
10.How oldishe/his C.用所给代词的正确形式填空(10,)()
1.These arehe brothers.()
2.That isshe sister.()
3.Lily isLucy sister.()
4.Tom,this isme cousin,Mary.()
5.Now herparent arein America.()()
6.Those childare Ifathers students.()
7.Do youknow itname()
8.Mike andTom befriends.()
9.Thanks forhelping I.()()
10.Anne motheris weteacher.D.填上正确的人称代词和物主代词(i(r)
11.smyfriend.他是我的朋友
2.My doglikes.我的狗喜欢她
3.Who isthere It9s.是谁啊?是我
4.are Chinese.我们是中国人
5.These arephotos.这些是我们的照片
6.like verymuch.他们非常喜欢它
7.This isfather.这是我的爸爸
8.Is thatbike那辆自行车是你的吗?
9.like car.我喜欢他们的小汽车
10.Whose bikeis thisIfs bike,这是谁的自行车是她的E.根据给出的汉语,用恰当的形式填空(10,)
1.(她)isa student.(她)sister isa studenttoo.
2.(我)want(你)to doit today.
3.(他)brother isa worker.(他们)are twins.
4.(你们)are fromEngland.(我们)are fromChina.
5.All of(我们)love(我们)teachers.F.选择题(IO,)()
1.Look at.A.him B.he C.his()
2.1drive to the parkevery day.A.they B.their C.them()
3.classroom isbig.A.we B.us C.Our()
4.1love.A.she B.her C.hers()
5.Thats acat.nameisMimi.A.It B.Its C.Its()
6.Ms.Green ismy teacher.Im student.A.he B.his C.him()
7.This is not desk..My deskis overthere.A.I B.my C.me()
8.—Can youspell(拼写)name,Harry—Sorry.A.you B.your C.yours
9.Tom andJack arebrothers.This isroom.A.they B.them C.their
10.We arein the same class.classroom isvery nice.A.our B.my C.ours现在进行时一.意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事二.构成be am,is,are+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句主语+be+现在分词V-ing+其他Im doing my homework now.否定句主语+be+not+动词-ing+其他.Im notdoingmy homework now.一般疑问句Be+主语+动词-ing+其他?Are you doing yourhome worknow Yes,I am.No Im not.9特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What areyou doingnow三.现在分词的构成1一般在动词末尾直接加ing,2以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,如skate—skating make—making dance一dancing write—writing have—havingride一riding come一coming3以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如putting runningbeginningstopping swimmingshoppingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四.时间标志--------now,句前的look,listen形容词和副词的比较级、最高级()Comparison ofAdjectives andAdverbsI.形容词比较级和最高级的形式
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成构成法原级比较级最高级
①一般单音节词末尾加-er和-est strongstronger strongest
②单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r和-st strangestranger strangestsadbig saddersaddest
③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写hot biggerbiggest这个辅音字母,再加-er和-esthotter hottest
④少数以-y,-er(或-ure),-ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,angry angrierangriest末尾加-er和-estclever cleverercleverest(以-y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,把y变成i,narrow narrowernarrowest再加-er和-est,noble noblernoblest以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)
⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most difficultmore mostdifficultdifficult
二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原级比较级L高级9good/well betterbestbad/ill worseworstmany/much moremostlittle fewless leastfarfarther/further farthest/furthest副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一、一般副词
21.That istoo difficulta bookfor beginners.
22.No oneknew howserious aproblem itwas untillater.因出现在许多惯用语中,如
23.Bob alwayshasabone topick withothers.
24.Some studentsturned adeaf earto theteachefs advice.
25.All mustlearn alanguage withan eyeto masteringit.
1.11hope youwill makean effortto attendthe meetingpunctually.
27.Jason hasan aversionto beingidle.
28.The newsof Jackssudden resignationcame asa boltfrom theblue.基数词,序数词
一、数词的分类
1.基数词表示数目的词称为基数词其形式如下A.从1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.B.从11——19eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成C.从21——99整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“,21twenty-one76seventy-sixD.百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and.101a hundredand one320three hundredand twenty648six hundredand forty-eightE.千位数以上从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,九从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加million,第三个”前的数字后添加billiono然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式2,648two thousandsix hundredand forty-eight16,250,064sixteen milliontwo hundredand fiftythousand sixty-four5,237,166,234five billion,two hundredand thirty-seven million,one hundredandsixty-six thousand,two hundredand thirty-fourF.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以hard一harder—hardest fast一faster一fastestearly—earlier—earliestlate—later—latest
二、特殊副词well一better一best much一more—mostbadly一worse一worst little一less一least
三、开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est,而应在副词原形前加more或most如quickly一more quickly一most quicklyquietly一more quietly一mos tquietly
111.形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、比较级
1.比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+...”构成,表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构,有时也可省去than如Mary ishappier thanJane.玛丽比珍妮幸福(形容词和系词连用)He livesmore happilythan I.他过得比我幸福(副词修饰行为动词)
2.注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致如The purposeof theresearch hada moreimportant meaningfor themthan itdid forus.Sound travelsfaster throughwater thanthrough air.
4.隐含比较级1有时比较级并不一定出现than,这时通过上下文可暗示出如Are youfeeling betternow你现在感觉好些了吗?2有些形容词在表示比较的时候,跟“to”而不用“than”如prior to较早的,较重要的superior to优越,高于inferior to下等的,次的senior to年长的,地位高的junior to年幼的,地位低的,迟的preferable to更好的The taskis priorto allothers.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要In mathshe feltsuperior toJohn.他觉得自己数学比约翰强He is two yearssenior tome.他比我大两岁Health withoutriches ispreferable toriches withouthealth.贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取
二、最高级
1.最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级十名词+表示范围的短语或从句如of all,of the three,in theworld,that hasevertaken place等如Of allof thewriters inEngland,William Shakespeareisthemost widelyknown.
2.副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the如:He runs fastest of thethree.三个人中他跑得最快
3.当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围,作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物,并把主语包括在内时,用介词of;如不属于同一类人或物,而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时,用介词in如He isthe tallestofthefour boys.He与boy属同类He isthe tallestinourclass.He与class不属同类
4.可以用原级,比较级,最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思如She isthe beststudent inher class.She is better thanany otherstudent inher class.No otherstudent inher classisbetterthan she.No otherstudent inher classisasgood asshe.一般过去时一.意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有yesterday,yesterday morningafternoon,evening...last nightweek,month,year...,a momentago,aweekago threeyears ago...9just now,二.构成及变化
1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化am和is在一般过去时中变为waso wasnot=wasrftare在一般过去时中变为werewere not=weren,t带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首
2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化肯定句主语+动词的过去式.I watcheda film last Sunday.否定句主语+引出13+动词原形.I didntwatch afilm last Sunday.一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形?Did youwatch afilmlastSundayYes,I did.No,I didnt.特殊疑问句疑问词+以did开头的一般疑问句?What didyoudo lastSunday一般将来时
一、定义一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间要经常发生的动作或状态常与表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow,next week,next year,the dayafter tomorrow等连用
二、基本结构
①be going to+do;
②will+do.
三、否定句在be动词am,is,are1后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont例如Im going to havea picnic this afternoon.—Imnotgoing to havea picnic thisafternoon.
四、一般疑问句be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换例如We are going to go onan outingthis weekend.一Are you going togo onan outingthisweekend
五、对划线部分提问一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况
1.问人Who例如Im going to NewYork soon.一Whos going to NewYork soon.
2.问干什么What...do.例如My fatheris going to watcha racewith methisafternoon.一What isyour fathergoing to do withyou this afternoon.
3.问什么时候When.例如:Shes going togo to bedat nine.—When isshe going tobed
六、同义句be going to=willI amgoing togo swimmingtomorrow明天.=I willgo swimmingtomorrow.练习填空
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊I havea picnicwith myfriends.I haveapicnicwith myfriends.
2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球What_______________________________________________next MondayI play basketball.What youdo next MondayIplaybasketball.
3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果your mothergo shoppingthis Yes,she・She buysome fruit.
4.•你们打算什么时候见面What timeyou meet改句子
5.Nancy is going togo camping.改否定Nancy going togocamping.
6.Til goand join them.改否定Igojoin them.
7.Tm going to get up at6:30tomorrow.改一般疑问句to get up at6:30tomorrow
8.We willmeet atthe busstop at10:
30.改一般疑问句meet atthe busstop at10:
30.
9.She isgoing tolisten tomusic afterschool.对划线部分提问she afterschool
10.My fatherand motheraregoing toseea playthe dayafter tomoirow.同上goingtoseea playthedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空
11.Today isa sunnyday.Wehave apicnicthisafternoon.
12.My brothergo to Shanghainext week.
13.Tom oftengo to schoolon foot.But todayis rain.He goto school by bike.
14.What doyou usuallydo atweekends I usuallywatch TVand catchinsects
15.Its Fridaytoday.What shedothis weekendShewatch TVandcatch insects.
16.WhatdO youdolastSunday Ipickapples ona farm.Whatdo nextSunday Imilkcows.
17.Maryvisit hergrandparents tomorrow.
18.Liu Taoflykites in the playgroundyesterday.
19.Davidgive apuppet shownextMonday.
20.1plan formy studynow.六年级英语一般将来时练习1姓名班级一.根据答句写问句
1.A:B:Im goingto visitmy grandparentsontheweekend
2.A:B:We aregoingtogo hikingthisafternoon.
3.A:B:Mike isgoingtowatch TVthis evening.
4.A:B:Liu Yunisgoingto readbooks thisSaturday.
5.A:B:They aregoingtotake atrip nextweek.
6.A:B:Fm goingto thebookstore tomorrow.
7.A:8:We aregoingto the cinema this evening.
8.A:8:John isgoingto the themepark thisweekend.
9.A:B:They aregoingto the Great Wall nextmonth.
10.A:B:Vm goingat2:
30.二.根据提示,写答句
1.A:What areyou goingto dothis morningB:________________________________________
2.A:What isTom goingto buyin thebookstoreB:________________________________________
3.A:Where arethey goingtomorrowB:_________________________________________()
4.A:When areyou goingto thepost office6:25B:_________________________________________
5.A:How areyougoingtothecinemathiseveningB:__________________________________________
6.A:Are yougoingtothe themepark thissfternoon(是)B:___________________________________________
7.A:Is Mikegoingto visit hisgrandparents thisweekend(不)B:___________________________________________
8.A:Are they goingtogo hikingtomorrow(是)B:_____________________________________________
9.A:What aretheygoingto dothis weekendB:__________________________________________
10.A:Is Kategoingtothe petshop thisevening(是
1.请在下列各题空格处填入shall或will
1.You notdrive througha redlight.
2.I doeverything forher.
3.you helpme withthis heavybag,John
4.I helpyou withthat heavybag,Madam
5..Lets goand takea walkafter dinner,we
6.No oneleave theclassroom ifI haventsaid Okay,said theteacher.
7.It soonbe over,I amsure.
8..Do whatyou,but dontgo out.
9.I takeyou therewith me,if itsOK withyour mother.
10.Rain orshine,Icome.般现在时
一、定义与讲解一般现在时表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实时间状语:often经常,usually通常,always总是,every每个,sometimes有时,at…在几点钟只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形三单变化
1.多数在动词后+s play一plays like一likes1直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get---gets stay---stays2以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.watch——watches wish-wishes fix——fixes do——doesgo---goes pass-passes3以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
2.不规则变化be——is are have——has
二、一般现在时用法
1.表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes,often,usually,always,every dayyear,month,once twice,three timesaday,等时间状语连用They usuallygoto schoolbybike.I takethe medicinethree timesaday.She helpsher motheronce aweek.Marys fatherisapoliceman.Thereare50students inmy class.
2.表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等The sunrises in theeastand setsin thewest every day.The manwho hasnever beentotheGreatWallisnot a realman.Tomorrow isTuesday.
三、一般现在时的句子转换
(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例
①陈述句She isastudent.疑问句一Is sheastudent否定句一She isnotastudent.
②陈述句I canswim.疑问句—Can youswim否定句一I cannot swim.
(2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do(you,以及复数),does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont(I,you,以及复数),doesnt(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形例
①陈述句We getup at7:00every morning.疑问句一Do yougetup at7:00every morning否定句一We dontgetup at7:00every morning.
②陈述句She hasa little brother.疑问句—Does shehavealittle brother否定句一She doesnthavealittlebrother.
(一).用动词的适当形式填空
1.She goto schoolat sevenoclock.
2.Its6oclock.They areeat supper.
3.He usuallyupat17:
00.get
4.She livein Beijing.
5.Amy behere just now.
6.bethere afly onthe tablejustnow
7.My fatherwatch TV every evening.
8.My fathermake toysthese days.
9.Amy readEnglish everyday
10.Chen Jiesometimes gotothe parkwith hersister.
(二).选择填空
1.I wanthomeworknow.A.doing B.to doC.to domy D.domy
2.Its time.A.gotoschool B.play gamesC.togohome D.todomyhomeworks
3.goandhelpher.A.Lets meB.Lets usC.Let*s D.Lets to
4.Do theyhaveanew carYes,.A.they areB.theyhaveC.they dontD.they do
5.He oftensupper at6:00intheevening.A.have B.has c.is havingD.is eating
6.We anyChinese classeson Friday.A.are havingB.arent havingC.donthaveD.arehave
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1.He oftenhave dinnerat home.
2.Daniel andTommy bein ClassOne.
3.We notwatch TVon Monday.
4.Nick notgotothezooon Sunday.
5.they likethe WorldCup
6.What theyoften doon Saturdays
7.your parentsread newspaperseveryday
8.The girlteach usEnglish onSundays.
9.She andItakea walktogether everyevening.
10.There besome waterinthebottle.
11.Mike likecooking.
12.They havethesamehobby.
13.My auntlookafterher babycarefully.
14.You alwaysdo yourhomework well.
15.I beill.Im stayingin bed.
16.She gotoschoolfrom Mondayto Friday.
17.Liu Taodo notlike PE.
18.The childoften watchTV intheevening.
19.Wang Kaiand Wangli haveeight lessonsthis term.
20.—What daybe ittoday—Its Saturday.
1.We oftenplayintheplaygound.
2.He getupatsix oclock.
3.you brushyour teethevery morning.
4.What dohe usuallydo afterschool
5.Dannystudy English,Chinese,Maths,Science andArt anschool.()
6.Mike sometimesgotothe parkwith hissister.()
7.At eightat night,she watchTV withhis parents.()
8.Mike readEnglish everyday()
9.How manylessons yourclassmate haveon Monday()
10.What timehis motherdo thehousework
1.Do youoften play football afterschool(肯定回答)
2.I havemany books.(改为否定句)
3.Gao Shanssister likesplaying tabletennis(改为否定句)
4.She livesin a small townnear NewYork.(改为一般疑问句)
5.I watchTVeveryday.(改为一般疑问句)
6.David hasgot agoal.(改为一般疑问句)
7.We havefour lessons.(否定句)
8.Nancy doesntrun fast(肯定句)
9.My dogrunsfast.否定句一般疑问句
10.Mike hastwo lettersfor him.一般疑问句否定句
11.Iusually(playfootball)on Fridayafternoon.否定句:一般疑问句括号内容提问
12.Su Yangusually washessome clotheson Saturday.否定句一般疑问句划线提问
13.Mingming usuallywaters theflowers everyday否定句一般疑问句划线提问
14.Tom doeshis homeworkat home.否定句一般疑问句划线提问复数形式出现Therearehundreds ofpeople inthe hall.大厅里有数以百计的人Thousands andthousands ofpeople cometovisitthe Museumof QinTerra-CottaWarriors andHorses everyday.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆They wenttothetheatre intwos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示He becamea professorin histhirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授She diedof lungcancer inforties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌It wasinthe1960s.那是在二十世纪六十年代H.基数词的句法功能基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语The twohappily openedthebox.两个人高兴地打开了盒子(作主语)I needthree altogether.我总共需要三个(作宾语)_Four studentsar(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标t己)eplaying volleyballoutside.四个学生在外面打排球(作定语)We aresixteen.我们是16个人(作表语)They threetried tofinish thetask beforesunset.他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务(作同位语)
2.序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词序数词的主要形式A.从第一至第十九其中,one-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine一ninth,twelve一twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加th”构成例如six一sixth、nineteen-nineteenth.B.从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成twenty------twentieth thirty------thirtieth表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“一”和个位序数词形式一起表示thirty-first第三十一fifty-sixth第五十六seventy-third第七十三ninety-ninth第九十九C.第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示one hundredand twenty-first第一百二H konethousand,three hundredand twentieth第一千三百二十D.序数词的缩写形式有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示主要缩写形式有first-----1st second------2nd third-----3rdfourth-----4th sixth-----6th twentieth------20thtwenty-third------23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上thE.序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语The secondis whatI reallyneed.第二个是我真正需要的(作主语)He choosethe second.他挑选了第二个(作宾语)We areto carryout the first plan.我们将执行第一个计划(作定语)She isthe secondinourclass.在我们班她是第二名(作表语)注序数词在使用时j通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再---------------------,“又------”We/11go overit asecond time.我们得再念第二遍We/ve triedit threetimes.Must wetryita fourthtime我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?另外,基数词也可以表示顺序只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词the firstlesson------Lesson One()the fifthpage------Page5five()the twenty-first room-------Room21twenty-one
二、时刻表示法
1.表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o/clock5:00读作fiveo/9clock或five
2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时five pastseven七点过五分half pastsix六点半a quarterpast eight八点过一亥Useven pasteight八点过七分
3.表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时ten toeight差十分八点(七点五十分)a quarterto twelve差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)twenty tosix差二十分六点(五点四十分)在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字6:31读作six thirty-one10:26读作ten twenty-six14:03读作fourteen o three16:15读作sixteen fifteen18:30读作eighteen thirty23:55读作twenty-three fifty-five注日刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了
三、年月表示法
1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加/s表示the sixth6th century公元六世纪the eighteenth18th century公元十八世纪the1900fs二十世纪the1600/s十七世纪这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪
2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成inthe1930/sinthe thirtiesofthetwentieth century或inthenineteen thirties在二十世纪三十年代inthe1860/5sinthe sixtiesofthe19th century或intheeighteen sixties在十九世纪六十年代In the1870/9s whenMarx wasalready inhis fifties,he foundit importantto studythesituation inRussia,so hebegan tolearn Russian.在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加early,mid-,latein theearly1920/9s在二十世纪二十年代早期inthemid-1950/^在二十世纪五十年代中期
4.年月日表示法A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读1949读作nineteen hundredand forty-nine或nineteen forty-nine1800读作eighteen hundred253读作two hundredand fifty-three或two fifty-three1902读作nineteen hundredand two或nineteen otwo表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前intheyear twofifty-three B.C.在公元前253年但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字B.月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示例如in May在五月;in July在七月为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外January------Jan.一月转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记February--------Feb.二月March------Mar.三月April--------Apr.四月August-----Aug.八月September-----Sept.九月October----Oct.十月November-----Nov.H k月December-----Dec.十二月注这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示在哪一天要添加介词onNational Dayis onOct.
1.国庆节是十月一日读作October first此句也可以表示为National Dayis onthe1stofOctober.May5五月五日读作May fifth也可以表示为the fifth5th ofMayMar.1st三月一日读作March first或thefirstof March_
5.表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世干、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等On acold morning,the oldman diedlonely inhis house.在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里I don/t wantto bedisturbed onnights whenI haveto study.我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰The accidenthappened onthe afternoonof July
7.这次事故发生在7月7日下午We aretohaveasmalltest onMonday morning.星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验
四、加减乘除表示法
1.加用plus,and或add表示;等于用is,make,equal等词表示2+3=可表示为How muchistwoplus three2+3=5Two plusthree isfive.Two andthree isequal tofive.Two andthree makefive.Two addedto threeequals five.If weadd twoto/andthree,we getfive.二加三等于五一
2.减用minus或take from表示10—6=How muchis tenminus six10-6=4Ten minussix is four.Take sixfrom tenand theremainder is four.Six takenfrom tenisfour.十减去六等于四_
3.乘”用time动词或multiply表示3X4=How muchis threetimes four3X4=12Three timesfour is/are twelve.Multiply threeby four,we gettwelve.Three multipliedby fourmakes twelve.三乘以四等于十二
4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示164-4=How muchis sixteendivided by four16—4=4Sixteen dividedby fourisfour.Sixteen dividedbyfourequals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于
四五、分数表示法
1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式3/4three fourths或three quarters1/3one third或a third24/25twenty-four twenty-fifths31/4three andone fourth或three andone quarter1/2a half1/4one quarter或a quarter11/2one anda half11/4one anda quarter
2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数11/2hours一个半小时读作one anda halfhours23/4meters二又四分之三米读作two andthree-fourths meters4/5meter五分之四米5/6inch六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的说法指数用序数词,底数用基数词1的7次方the seventh power often tentotheseventhpower6的10次方the tenth power ofsix sixtothetenthpower
六、小数表示法1•小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作point,o读作zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读
0.4zero point four或pointfour零点四
10.23ten pointtwo three十点二三
25.67twenty-five pointsix seven二十五点六七
1.03one pointothree一点零三
2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数
1.03meters一点零三米
0.49ton零点四九吨L5tons一点五吨
七、百分数表示法百分数用基数+percent表示50%fifty percent百分之五十3%three percent百分之三
0.12%zero pointone twopercent百分之零点一二这里的percent前半部per表示“每一,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式
八、数色表示法
1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+形容词(long,wid(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记)e,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示two meterslong或two metersin length2米长three feethigh或three feetin height3英尺高four incheswide或four inchesin width4英寸宽This boxis2kilograms inweight.这个盒子有两千克重The citywall ofXi/9an is12meters wideand12meters high.西安城墙是12米宽,12米高
2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语five minutes/walk步行五分钟(的距离)It/sanhour/9s ridefrom myhometown toour university.从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程或从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时It/sthreekilometers/9distance fromour campustotheBell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远
3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示thirty-six degreescentigrade36℃摄氏36度four degrees below zerocentigrade或-4℃摄氏零下4度Water freezesat thirty-two degreesFahrenheit.水在华氏三十二度时结冰Water boilsatonehundred degreescentigrade.水在摄氏一百度时沸腾这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略You are37℃.(读作thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度(摄氏)It/s sevendegreesbelowzero.今天是零下七度(摄氏)
4.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,。