人教版高中英语必修一Unit4知识点详解

Part

1.Warming up现在，假设有一次大地震

1.Now imaginethere has been abig earthquake.某事发生在某人身上lsth.happen to.sb.你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗？Did youhear whathappened toDavid lastnight如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么What willhappen to the childrenif Peterand Alicebreak up办？.碰巧做某事2happen to do sthI happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得3It sohappenedthat…碰巧.......It sohappened that I sawPeteron thewayto thebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得他来访时，恰巧我出去了Ihappenedto beout when he called.二It happenedthat I was outwhenhecalled.Part

2.Pre-reading,reading andcomprehending

1.Imagine yourhome beginsto shakeand youmust leaveit rightaway.shakev.shook,shaken摇动，震动服药之前将药瓶摇一摇eg:Shake thebottle beforetaking themedicine.使受震撼；使信念等动摇她死的消息令他们大为震惊eg:They werebadly shakenby the news ofher death.指人打颤，颤抖eg:She wasshaking withcold/laughter/fear/anger.她冻得/笑得/吓得/气得浑身发抖常用单数摇动，震动shaken.C摇头eg:a shakeof thehead拓展与某人握手shake handswith sb.=shake sb.by thehand=shake sbshandshake onefshead摇头表示否定、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成向某人挥拳表示愤怒或恐吓shake one^fist atsb.

2.For threedays the water in the villagerose andfell,rose andfell.升起，升高其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态risevi.“太阳七点种升起eg:

1.The sunrose atseven oclock.气球冉冉升上天空

2.The balloonrose upslowly into the air.她的体温还在升高

3.Her temperature is stillrising.河水，物价等上涨；提高；起身risevi.雨后河水涨了eg:l.The riveris risingafter the rain.过去十年间物价一直在平稳地上涨

4.Prices haverisen steadilyduring thepast decade..他激动得声音提高了

5.His voicerose inexcitement.他们都站起来迎接我们

6.The allrose from their seatsto greetus抬起，举起raisevt.他把手臂举过头顶eg:l.Hc raisedhis armsabove hishead.这箱子太重了，我举不起来

7.The boxis tooheavy,I can*t raiseit.如果有问题，请举手

3.If youhave anyquestion,please raiseyour hand.提高；提出；增加raisevt..他提高了嗓门eg:LHe raisedhis voice最近西红柿的价格提高了

8.The priceof tomatoeshasbeenraised recently.他在会上提出了一个问题

9.He raisda questionat themeeting.抚养；饲养raisevt.她养了许多鸡eg:l.She raiseda lotof chickens.农场主饲养牛和羊10The farmersraises cattleand sheep.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪

6.有很多问题有待解决.eg:There aretoo manyproblems to be solved在市内，有些建筑物里的水管

4.In the city,thewaterpipes insome buildingscracked andburst.爆裂开来使爆炸；胀破,爆破burstv.水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂eg:

1.Water-pipes oftenburst incold weather.气球爆炸了

2.The balloonburst.仅用于进行时塞满，几乎要胀破burstv.+witheg:l/More pudding”No,thanks.Pm bursting!H“再吃点布丁好吗？”“不了，谢谢，我肚子已经撑胀了”我自豪极了

2.1am burstingwith pride.爆炸，爆破；某事物的突然爆发burstn.歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声eg:A burstof hand-clapping followedthe endingof thesong.▲拓展1突然或猛然打开burst sth.open警察把门撞开了eg:The policeburst thedoor open.2突然进入房间burst in警察突然闯进逮捕了那个男孩eg:The policeburst inand arrestedthe boy.3突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物burst intosth.突然哭起来/笑起来eg:burst intotears/laughter勃然大怒burst intoanger4突然开始做某事burst out+doing突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来eg:burst outcrying/laughing/singing

5.But theone millionpeople of thecity,who thought little of these events,were asleepas usualthatnight.不放在心上；看扁，轻视think littleofeg:l.Most peoplethoughtlittleof the8-year-old boy.In fact,they werewrong.大多数人小看了这个岁的男孩事实上，他们错了8时候，

6.It seemedas ifthe worldwas at an end.结束，终结为固定短语，在句中常作表语atan end=finished,战争结束了eg:The warwas atanend.辨析在……的尽头；在……的结束,可表时间或空间at the end of在大街的尽头，你会看见一家超市eg:l.At the end of thestreet,youll finda supermarket.在聚会结束时,他唱了一首优美的歌曲

2.At theend ofthe party,he sanga beautifulsong.最后，终于=不能和连用in theend atlast,of.他多次努力，最后终于成功了eg:He triedmany times,and intheendhe succeeded到……末为止，到……结束时，通常和完成时连用bytheendofeg:l.How manywords hadyou learnedby theend oflast term到上学期末为止，你们已学习多少个单词了？到本月底我们将完成这项工作

3.Well havefinished thework bytheendof thismonth.从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象It seemed+that看起来他好象没注意这件事eg:Tt seemedthat hedidnt noticethis.后还常跟从句如果与事实相反,则用虚拟语气;如果与事实一致,贝怫持正常It seemedas if时态eg:

1.There isa lotof cloud.It seemsas ifits goingto rain.有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了是事实，不用虚拟

4.She isso kindtome.It seemsas ifshe weremy mother.她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲事实上不是，与现在事实相反.作主语时，后常跟.作表语sb seemadj他看起来有点生气eg:He seemeda littleangry.在可怕的秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一

7.In fifteenterrible secondsa largecity layin ruins.15片废墟之中毁坏，毁灭；灭亡ruinn.U战争给这个国家带来了毁灭eg:The warbrought ruintothecountry.废墟；遗迹C那所学校已成废墟eg:The schoolis in ruins.注意表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语意为“严重受损；破败不堪:ruin inruins,eg:古罗马遗迹the ruinsof ancientRome.战争过后，全城到处是颓垣断壁The warleft thewhole towninruins他已事业尽毁His careerlies inruins.毁坏，毁灭；使破产有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比喻的意思ruinv.大火焚毁了图书馆的藏书eg:The fireruined thebooks inthe library.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼The stormruined thecrops.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途He ruinedhis prospectsby carelessness.我被那场官司弄得倾家荡产Iwasruined bythat lawcase.

8.Thousands offamilies werekilled andmany childrenwere leftwithout parents.意为“成千上万的指不确切的数量如果要表示准确的数量,前1thousand ofJ,thousand面加数字，不变复数形式，后面不接直接跟复数名词具有相同用法的还有:f,million,hundred,等dozen,score表示“打，十二个”的意思，而表示“二十”的意思前面不管有没有数2dozen scoreScore字，习惯上后面都接介词of.three scoreof people以上各词与连用不省略时，可用于人称代词宾格或指示代词3of ofus,you,them these,修饰的名词前，表示所属关系如those adozen ofthese people,two dozen of them修饰语是等表示不确定的数量词时，则等常用复数形4some,many,several dozen,hundred式，且要加of.some dozens of peopleseveral hundreds of persons中的也可改为单数，其中也可省去5several hundreds/thousands ofhundreds,thousands ofseveralhundred ofvisitorsseveral hundredvisitors

1.people inthe worldare sendinginformation bye-mail everyday.A.Several millionB.Many millionsC.Several millionsD.Many million

2.Mr.Smith meto buyseveral eggsfor thedinner party.A.asked;dozen B.suggested;dozens ofC.had;dozen D.persuaded;dozens

3.Two diedof coldlast winter.A.hundreds oldpeople B.hundred oldpeopleC.hundreds oldpeoples D.hundred oldpeoples

4.Several ago,our countrywas coveredby thickforestes.A.million ofyear B.million yearC.millions yearsD.millions ofyears

5.There wereseven Negroesworking onthefarm.A.hundreds B.hundred ofC.hundredsofD.hundred

6.were blowndown inthe storm.A.Score oftree B.Scores oftrees C.Score oftrees D.Scores oftree

7.He soldofthemagazine thisafternoon.A.three dozencopy B.three dozenscopyC.three dozencopies D.three dozenscopies

8.1t isreported thatthe floodshave leftabout peoplehomeless.A.two thousandB.two-thousands C.two thousandsD.two thousandsof

9.She wenttothebookstore andbought.A.dozen booksB.dozens booksC.dozenofbooks D.dozensofbooks

9.Sand nowfilled thewells instead of water.代替，而不是”后接名词，代词，动名词，介词短语等，但不能接句子instead ofeg.Give methe redone insteadofthegreen one.We walkeddown thestairs insteadof takingthe lift.He cameby traininsteadofby bus.是副词，在句子单独作状语，置于句首时，意为“相反地”instead人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多

10.People beganto wonderhow longthe disasterwould last.久“感至惊奇，感到好奇”；不知道，想知道“1wondervt./vi IJwonderto do疑问词+todo+宾语从句介词短语at/about我听到隔壁传出她的声音，十分惊讶eg:

1.1wondered tohear hervoice inthe nextroom.我不知道至哪儿去度周末

1.1was wonderingwhere tospend theweekend.U她总是对别人的秘密感到好奇

1.5he is always wonderingabout others*srcrets..我想知道他是谁，从哪里

11.All hopewas notlost.all,both,everyone,everybody,以及名词都表示全部肯定；但当在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定everything every+not noone,以及名词都表示全部否定如

①none nobody,nothing,not-••any,no+Both of them havent read.并非他们二人都看过这个故事this story

②All ofthe boysare clever,but noneofthemcan workout thisproblem.这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题3All bamboodoesn tgrow tall.=Not allbamboo growstall.并非所有的竹子都长的高

12.The armyorganized teamsto digout thosewho weretrapped andto burythe dead.陷入困境1be trappedinThey weretrappend inthe burningbuilding.⑵埋葬，掩埋bury埋头于，专心于be buriedin/bury oneselfin死者，表示一类人形容词前加常用来表示一类人或一类东西3the deadtheeg:the rich富人the young年轻人the old老年人the deaf聋人the blind盲人the injured受伤的人thenew新的东西the ordinary普普通通的东西不同寻常的东西the unusual注意形容词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由上下文的意思而定如表示一类人，the+作复数看待；如表示抽象概念或具体的某个人时，谓语动词用单数尊老爱幼eg:l.The youngrespect the old;theoldlove theyoung.所有受伤的人都已送往医院

2.All theinjured havebeen sentto hospita.我们班新来的那个同学来自伦敦

3.The newin ourclass comesfrom London.未知的东西总是令人畏惧的东西

4.The unknownisalwayssomething tobe feared.

13.Workers builtshelters forsurvivors whosehomes hadbeen destroyed.遮蔽；庇护，常与搭配使用sheltern.from他们在一棵大树下避雨eg:

1.They tookshelter from therainunder abig tree..这道高栅栏给我们挡住

2.The highfence givesus someshelter from the wind了风遮蔽物；避难所，收容所候车亭eg:l.a busshelter.收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿

2.Many ofthe childrenintheshelter areorphansshcltcrvt.给某人/某物提供庇护处；保护shelter sb/sth fromsb/sth墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹eg:The wallsheltered usfrom thewind.躲避；避难sheltervi.我们到哪儿避雨呢？eg:

1.Where canwe shelterfromtherain他们在树底下乘凉

2.They shelteredfromthesun undera tree.表示“许多,大量的”的短语归纳:

14.只能修饰可数名词的短语a large/great/good numberof+复数名词a great/good manya good few/quite afew单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数many a+只能修饰不可数名词的短语a great/good dealofa large/great amountoflarge/great amountsofquite alittle既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的短语a lotof/lots ofalarge/great quantity oflarge quantitesofplenty of注意:修饰名词时，谓语动词不是根据名词判断，而是看的形式，如quantity quantity果是,动词就用第三人称单数；如果是a quantityof quantitiesof,动词就用复数的形式A largequantityofair-conditioners hasbeen soldsince thetemperatureishigh.Part

3.Learning aboutLanguageThis frightenedboy whosemother waslost inthe disasteris lookingfor hernow.使惊吓;吓唬惊吓;害怕frighten vtvi.The noisefrightened me.Youll findthatIdont frighteneasily.受惊吓的；受恐吓的frightened adj.令人恐惧的frightening adj.受惊吓be frightenedat恐吓某人使其做/不做某事frighten sb.into/out ofdoing sth.Part

4.Using Language“祝贺”，一般要用复数形式，常与连用L congratulation^.on对她的成功表示祝贺eg:

1.Lets offerour congratulationson hersuccess.祝贺你比赛获胜

2.Congratulations on winning therace.注意表示向某人祝贺，接介词t祝贺你eg:

1.Congratulations toyou.

2.Let*s sendour congratulationsto him onwinningthe NobelPrize.让我们祝贺他获得诺贝尔奖“祝贺，恭喜；道贺，向……致词”，其后只按表示人的名词作宾语,表示祝贺congratulate”.的原因时用介词on/upono我向女友祝贺生日eg:

1.1congratulated mygirlfriend onher birthday.

2.Let mecongratulate youonthebirth ofyour daughter.我祝贺你喜获千金

3.We congratulatedhimonhaving passedthe examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试也常与反身代词连用，再接或从句，意为“庆幸自己……congratulatev.on/upon thateg:l.He congratulatedhimself thathe escapedfromtheearthquake.他为自己能从地震中逃脱而感到庆幸

2.She congratulatedherself onhaving thoughtof suchagoodidea.她为自己能想出这样的好主意而感到高兴法官；裁判

2.judgen.高等法院法官eg:l.a Judgeof HighCourt

2.Do youknow whowillbethe judgeofthespeaking competition你知道谁是这次演讲比赛的裁判吗？裁决,判断，评判judgev.eg:l.A manshould bejudged bywhat hedid,not whathe said.要评判一个人，应该着眼其所做所为，而不是他所说的下个案子由谁审判？

3.Who willjudge nextcase拓展常用一个分词短语来表达“根据……来判断”judge judgingby/fromeg:Judging byhis clothes,he mustbe acommom worker.从他的衣着判断，他一定是个普通工人“骄傲的，自豪的；自尊的，自重的；自负的“

3.proudadj.短语be proudofYtake pridein“骄傲，自豪，得意；自尊心”priden.她非常自豪地让我们看她的新房子eg:l.She showedus hernew housewith greatpride.汕老人得意地看着自己的花园

2.The oldman lookedw prideat hisgarden.不要说任何可能伤害他自尊心的话

3.Dont sayanything thatmay hurthis pride.使……感到荣幸；尊敬，对……表示尊敬”

4.honour.和你们在一起我感到很荣幸eg:l.Pm honouredtobehere withyou.

2.They gavea statebanquet tohonour hisvisit toChina.他们举行国宴欢迎他的访华荣誉，光荣，信誉honourn.U失去信誉甚于失去生命eg:l.To losehonour isto losemore thanlife.我们应该为国争光

2.We shouldwin honourfor ourcountry.多用单数使感到光荣的事或人；荣幸C很荣幸见到你eg:l.It isan honour to meetyou.

2.1consider itan honour tobeaccepted bythat firm.能被那个公司录用我感到很荣幸拓展“对某人表示敬意；给某人带来荣誉”do sb.honour/do honour to sb.他们向死者致敬eg:

1.They didhonourtothe dead.

2.We attendedhis birthdayparty todo himhonour.我们参加了他的生日宴会以表示对他的敬意

3.His contributionsto sciencedo honourto ourcountry.他在科学上的贡献为祖国增了光有幸做某事；荣幸地做某事”have the honour ofdoing sth./have thehonourtodo sth.“eg:

1.That yearI hadthehonourof beingadmitted bythe Party.那一年我光荣地被接受入党我很荣幸地介绍琼斯先生为了

2.1have thehonourtointroduce MrJones.in honourof向……表示敬意；为纪念……,为祝贺……”为了祝贺他的生日我们举行了一个宴会eg:l.We hada partyin honourof hisbirthday.

2.This isa ceremonyin honourof thosekilled inbattle.这是为纪念阵亡战士而举行的仪式。