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语法知识
1.名词一.名词的概念表示人或事物等名称的词如:Tom,Beijing,China,milk,teacher.表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分分为可数名词和未可数名词强调不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;专用名词表示人、地点、机构、组织、国家、月份、星期、月份、节日等专门名称的词如Danny,Beijing,China,January,Sunday,ChristmasDay.（注意专用名词的第一个字母要大写）名词个体名词boy,girl,book,egg,day集体名词class,family,policeman等.（可数名词］物质名词milk,water,rain,meat,paper;sugar,普通名词抽象名词time,money,weather,help等
二、名词的数未可数名词
1、可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式
（1）表示一个人或物时，用单数形式如a pen,a book,a desk,a bus,a bike,an egg,an apple,an orange,an hour,an eye,an ear,an arm,an old man.
（2）表示二言或者二者以上的人或者物时用复数形式:如two books,three pencils,four peaches,five boys,some gifts,many people.
2.可数名词复数形式的构成:a.名词变复数不规则形式（一定要记牢！！）man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,snowman-snowmen.foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose（鹅）-geese,child-children,people-people,sheep-sheep,fish-fish,deer（鹿）-deer,Chinese（中国人）-Chineseb.可数名词变复数规则形式
（1）在名词末尾加s.例如:bike-bikes,map-maps,pen-pens,egg-eggs,day-days,boy-boys.
（2）以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词，在词尾加es.例如:bus-buses,class-classes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,pcach-pcachcs,box-boxes,fox-foxes.
（3）以f或fe结尾的名词，先把f或fe变为v再加es.例如leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,knife（小刀）-knives.
4.代词1）指示代词指示说明近处或远处、上文或下文、以前或现在的人或事物单数复数含义This（这个）these（这些）指较近的人或物That（那个）those（那些）指较远的人或物注意打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方，如This isKate speaking.Who isthat2）人称代词
1、人称代词分为第
一、第
二、第三人称，且有单复数之分
2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后
3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词如This is my bag.=This ismine.That isher ruler.=That ishers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词请牢记下表:单数复数人称代词主格I youhe sheit weyou they宾格me youhim herit usyou them物主代词形容词性my yourhis herits ouryour their名词性mine yourshis hersits oursyours theirsft-ft
1、按要求写出相应人称代词I（宾格）she（形容词性物主代词）we（名词性物主代词）he（复数）us（单数）theirs（主格）its（宾格）
2、想一想,把下表补充完整人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称me usour第二人称you youhehis第三人称her themtheirit its
3、用所给词的适当形式填空1That is not kite.That kiteis verysmall,but isvery big.I2The dressis.Give itto.she3Is thiswatchyouNo,its not.I4is mybrother.name isJack.Look!Those stampsare.he5dresses arered.weWhat colourareyou6Show yourkite,OK they7I havea beautifulcat.name isMimi.These cakesare.it8Are thesetickets No,are not.arenthere.they9Shall havea lookat thatclassroom That is classroom.we10ismyaunt.Do youknow jobis a nurse.she11Where areI cantfind.Lets callparents.they12Dont touch.isnota cat,is atiger!it13sister isill.Please go and see.she14The girl behind isour friend,she一中文意，也把句子补充完整我的sister isgoing togive他______________________a dictionaiy.我们lived with我们的grandparents tenyears ago.他的house isbeautifiil.but你的is sosmall.Whose booksaie theseAie they他们的or你们的Is theballs for我们or ftllff]Let我们goandsee她.Could youshow我your newstoiy-book Thispen isnt我的.Ifs你的o她does她的homework fromeight tonine.Does他often help你们Yes.他often comes here andhelps我们.二择正确的答於把相应的字母编写写在括号内
1.coat isred.A.My teachersB.my teachersC.Ourteachers
2.Aiea pupilofHuamei SchoolA.you B.your C.we
3.Wliich iscup.thegreen ortheblueA.Kate.one.one B.Kates,oue.oneC.Kate\or.one
4.There isapicnue onthewallover there.Can youseeA.it B.itsC.its
5.Aiethose thehousesA.fannerss B.fanners C.fanner
6.A:Wheres newtoyB:Is underbedA.you.its.your B.you.it.your C.your.it.yoiirs
7.fiiend Kittypainted a pictureof fbrbiithday.A.My.I.meB.My.me.my C.I.my.mine
8.Thoseshiits arent.A.your B.yours C.you
9.are catsand aredogs.A.This.his B.These,those C.That,this
10.China isa greatcountiy alllove.A.We.her B.Om;her C.Us,it
11.Here aretwo pencils.is A.Wlios,yours B.Wliat.your C.Which,yoius
12.classroom ishere.is overthere.A.Oms,Theirs B.Our.Their C.Our.Theirs
13.Let beginclass.A.us.us B.us.our C.we.our
14.There arefoily-fbur studentsill ClassA.Tu enty-tluee ofare girls.A.thek B.them C.they
15.Is newapartment largerthanA.you.them B.your,theiis C.your,them
16.My watchis broken.Can yourepair修理for A.it.I B.it.me C.it.we
17.These flowersare for.A.you and I B.you andwe C.you andme
18.This isntticket.is athome.A.yoiir.yours B.your,your C.yours,your
19.My cousinput onmy sweaterand Iput on.A.she B.her C.hers
20.Look atthese elephants.Lefs feedsome bananas.A.they B.their C.them
21.father tookto afootball matchyesterdayaftemoon.A.His.he B.His.him C.He.his
22.Please giveand friendsome water.A.me.my B.I.my C.mine.mine三择正确的代词填空.
1.Open thedoor fbrI.me please.
2.Catch he.him!Hes athief.
1.1love Mickeyveiy much.What aboutyou.yoiu
4.They.Them aremy classmates.
5.Look atthey.them.They aredrawing pictures.
6.Aie theseoranges their,theirs
7.The bluebike isher.his,not mine.
8.Look atthe car.Its.Its colouris black.
9.Ybur bagsare gieentheii\theiis areyellow.
10.Theii schoolis in the countiy.Our.Ours schoolis in the city.
五、形容词、副词
1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级、最高级big gavyood younglongfattall olightId strongshortt highhinhe farlowearly late
2、用括号内所给单词的适当well形式填空fastslow1I canswim asfast as the fish,I think.2Look!His handsarebigthan mine.3I thinkyou dothese thingswell than your classmates.4Whose bagis heavy,yours ormine5Does Jimrun asslowas DavidYes,but Mikeruns slowthan them.6You haveseven books,but I have manythanyou.Ihave ten.7I jumpfarthan someof theboys inmy class.8Im verythin,but shesthinthan me.9It getsand warmwhen springcomeshere.
二、根据句意填入单词的正确膨式.
1.My brotlieristwo yearsoldthanme.
2.Tom isasfatas Jim.
3.Is yoiirsisteryoimg thanyou Yes.she is.
4.Who istliin,you orHelen Helenis.
5.Whosepencil-box isbig,yours orhers*Hers is.
6.Marys hairisaslong asLucys.
6.Benjumphigh thansomeof theboysm hisclass.
8.Nancy singwellthan HelenYes,she.
9.Fangfang isnot astallastheothergirls.lO.My eyesarebig thanshe..
11.Which isheavy,the elephantor thepig
12.Whogets upearly.Tim orTom
13.thegirls getupeaily thantheboysNo.tliey.
14.Jimnmsslow.But Bennmsslow.15The childdoesnt writeasfastas thestudents.
三、翻译句子
1、谁比Jun年纪大？是你oisthan Jimai-e.
2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.than Da\idGaoShan.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的pencil is.oris.Ithuik.
4、i隹的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的，apples,yoiir oryour My
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的as asyotir imcleYes.Iam.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻He as as Jun.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥•样胖吗？不.她比他瘦asastwin No,than him.
8.Yang Lmg每天睡得比SuYaiig晚Yang Lingtothan SuYang everyday.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远oI asas Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我抱得一样快一Tom tliaiiyouNo,he.He asas.IL多做运动，你会更强壮more exercise.you llsoon.
12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好Iat Science.But IdontwellinCluiiese.
13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低you thekitethanWiangbingNo.Iit than
14.我喜欢游泳我所有的朋友都游得比我慢Ilike Allmy thanme.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早Myupthan me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的thegirls tlieboysYes.they.
17.她不擅长体育但我跳得没有她高Shedoesnt inPE.But Idontthan.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好_you footballtliaii yoiirclassmatesNo.thevas asme.
19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小My thanmy.
20.她的毛衣和我的一样重sweateras as.2L我的连衣裙太短了我想买一条大点的My dresstoo.Iwant toaone.
22.Im tallerthan Mike一（该成用原级的比较）Im asas Mike.*.Mv sisterissettins A.fater andfater B.fatter andfatter C.morefatter andfatter D.more andmore fatterJJ,
2.They areto usthan before.A.fiiend B.friendly C.morefriendly D.friendier
3.Jack istheboyourclass.A.tallest,inB.taller,mC.mosttall,of D.moretall,of
4.It isnot wannyesterday.Putonmore clotlies.A.so.onB.so.in C.as atD.as.as
5.Hamczliouis oneofcitiesI havevisited.A.beautiful BbeauitifiilierC.morebeautiftil Dtliemostbeautifiil
6.Both AndyandIdriveslowly.Tom drivesfast.SoTom dnvesof all.A.slower B.theslowest C.faster D.thefastest
7.Mysisteris agirl.A.eood B.well C.verv
8.-Is ityour toytaxi-No.its his.A.May beB.May C.Maybe
9.are you——Im.thank you.A.What goodB.How；fineC.What fineD.How good
10.—Can youhelpme—.A.Yes B.ExcusemeC.Certainly D.How
11.Tliegrass aroiuidmy houseisVeiy.A.black B.blue C.green
12.Thesky is.Tliecloud is.A.bhie redB.red brownC.blue wlute
13.Tliecluld iskind.A.much B.very much C.very
14.—*CouldI useyourpen.please—A.No B.Certainly C.Excuseme
15.Igo toSchool at800a.m.A.very B.muchC.often
16.Ihave aildoll.A.old beautifiilB.beautifiil oldC.smallold
17.Tliey clothes.A.is B.am C.areIS.Tlietall bovplaying basketball.A.am B.is C.are
19.Mr Wansisateacher.A.tall oldEnslish B.English old tall C.oldtallEnglish
20.Changes aie.A.purple B.blue C.orange
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先把y变为i后再加es.例如baby-babies,family-families,strawberry-strawberries,
（5）以结尾的名词，表示有生命的在词尾加es,例如potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes，表示无生命的在词尾加s.例如zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos.
3.不可数名词的数量表示法不可数名词没有单复数变化，如果要表示数量时可以用下面的公式记忆数词+计量单位名词+of+不可数名词例如a pieceof paper（一张纸），a pieceof meat（一块肉），a cupof tea（一杯茶），a bowlof rice（一碗米饭）,a bottleof pop（一瓶汽水），two cupsof lea（两杯茶），three piecesof bread（三块面包），five bagsof rice（五袋大米）.
三、名词的所有格英语中表示人或事物的所属关系时，用名词的所有格，意思是“……的
1.有生命事物的名词的所有格
（1）单数名词后加“s”例如Li Mingskite,Dannys hat,Jennys camera,my fatherscar.
（2）以s结尾的复数名词后加例如Teachers,Day,the nurses,office.⑶不以s结尾的复数名词后加，s例如:Childrens Day,Womens Day,mens clothes.
2.无生命事物的名词的所有格用of所有格表示例如:the windowsof theclassroom,apictureof Danny,a mapof China,a flagof China.名词专项练习题
一、写出下列名词的复数形式l.book-
5.boy-
9.class-
2.map-
6.cat-lO.dress-
3.flag-
7.bird-
11.brush-
4.day-
8.bus-I
2.dish-
13.watch-
24.potato-
35.tooth-
14.peach-25,tomato-
36.goose-
15.beach-
26.zoo-
37.people-
16.box-
27.radio-
38.sheep-
17.fox-
28.photo-
39.deer-
18.1eaf-
29.man-4O.Chinese-
19.wolf-
30.woman-2O.knife-
31.policeman-
21.baby-
32.snowman-
22.family-
33.child-
23.strawberry-
34.foot-二.翻译下列短语:.一杯茶.教师节
19.两张纸儿童节
210..二碗汤.一张中国的地图
311.四瓶果汁.中国的首都
412.五袋食盐.我的妹妹的玩具
513.六袋面粉.一张我家的照片614的连衣裙:
7.Jenny李明的照相利
8.L:
三、用所给名词的正确形式填空:
1.There isapen andtwobook on the desk.
2.1can seemany birdin thesky.
3.There aremany childin thepark.
4.-What dothey do-They arepoliceman.
5.My sisterhas alot oftoy.
6.How manypeopleare therein yourfamily
7.There aremanycow andsheepon the farm
8.My fatherand mybrother areteacher.
9.-Are theseyourrunner一Yes,they are.
10.There aresixtyminute inanhour.
11.I havetwopiece ofbread anda glassofmilk forbreakfast.
12.There aremany beautifulcityin China.
13.Kim has twodress.One isold.The otheris new.
14.In spring,the treeshave greenleaf.
15.He isone ofmyfriend.
16.My newcamera iseightydollar.
17.After supper,I oftenhelp mymother washdish.
18.The skirtis mysister.
19.Today ismymother birthday.一
20.-Whose bikeis thisItsWang Lei.
四、把下列单数句改为复数句
1.This isa bus.—___________________________________
2.That isa box.—_____________________________________
3.He isa policeman.—________________________________
1.1am agood child.—_________________________________
5.He isdrawing asheep.—__________________________________
6.Here isa giftfor you.—___________________________________
五、把下列复数句改为单数句
1.These areapples.—_____________________________________
2.These areeggs.—________________________________________
3.Those areoranges.—______________________________________
4.Those areelephants.—____________________________________
5.We areflying kitesnow.—___________________________________
6.There aremany childreninthe room.
2、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种
1、不定冠亨:a、an用在单数名词前,表示“一个，一件……Lan用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前如an e-mail,an orange,an oldman,an hour...a用语辅音音素开头的单词前，如a book,a pen
2、定冠词the用在单数或者复数名词前;the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那它的基本用法1用来表示特指某些人或某些事物如The maponthewall isnew.2表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物如Look atthe picture,please.3表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物如This isa stamp.The stampis beautiful.4用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前如thesun太阳themoon月亮ihe earth地球5用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前如the GreatWall长城6用在江河、湖海等专有名词前如the ChangjiangRiver长江7此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the,如the firstday,the bestboy,play thepiano,inthesame class
1、用a或an填空U ice-cream goalkeeperteapotappleoffice Englishbook umbrellaunithour
2、根据需要，填写冠词a,an或the1Who isgirlbehindtree2oldmanhastwochildren,son anddaughter.3This isorange.orange isLucys.4He likesplaying guitar.We havesame hobby.5We allhad goodtime lastSunday.6She wantsto bedoctor.
3.
一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填1at____home2go to_______bed3go to___school4catch badcold5have aoodtime6_______red apple7_______English boot8__________spoon
9.....orange10melon11eraser
一、磔仟J只至
1.There ism inthe word“piimary”A.an Ba—C.the D./
2.This is___orange bike.A.a B.an C.the D/
1.1t alwaystakes ushalf____hour tohave_____long walkafter supper.A.a.a B,a,the C.an,a D.an,tile~~
4.English isusefill languagein world.A.an,the-BTa,the C.tlie,/D./,the
5.We aregoing to_____cinema thisevening.A.the B./C/a D.an
6.Hes standingon otherside of____river.A.a,a
6.the,the C.the,a D7a,the
7.____potato isa vegetable,not_____fruit.A.rhe,an B.The,a C.A.tliF-D.An./
8.He wasfirst tocome.A.The B.a C.the D./
9.Do yousee bookon tableA.the,a B.a.an C.an7an—D.a.the
10.Wheres deskIts in________middle of theroom.A./,/B./,a C.a./D.the,the
11.He isfriend ofmine.A.an B./C.the D.a
12.There isuniversity nearthefarm.A.a B.an C.the D./
13.He diedin____autumn of
1989.A./B.the C.a D.an
1.11have___book.11s________interesting one.I likereading_______books verymuch.A.a.an,/B.a,/,the C.an,an,the D./,an,/
15.Today isChildrens Day.A.a B.an C.theD/
16.This isbag.Thatiseraser.A.a.a B.a.aif C.aiiTa-D.an.an
3.数词基数词和序数词基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现区别基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”
1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上如21twenty-one
2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and如101a/one hundredand one
3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式如十八个男孩eighteen boys
4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数如两碗米饭two bowlsof rice
5、序数词一般加th”,特殊的有:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…”第几十几”前面整十不变，后面“儿”改为序数词如88eighty-eighth第一第one-t fourteen-t five——wo——wenty——thithree-一n rty-five-eigine一hly-one-160名学生3九杯凉水512月317第九周9215本英语书44个孩子66月2日840年前10第一天
1、请翻译下列短语、写出相邻的数词
1.twenty2five
3._________twelve____________
4.___fifty-eight_______
5._________ninety_____________
6.__________seventy__________
2、把下列基数词改成序数词
7._________thirtv・eight____
8.___________one hundred______
9.one thousand
10.one—*、选择正确答案
1.There aredays iiia yeai;A.tlnee hundredssixty-five B.tlnee liundredsand sixty-five C.three hundiedand sixty-five D.tlneehundred andsixty five
2.There arestudents inthis school.A.eight hundredsand fbity-six C.eight hundredand fbily-six
3.Mybrother isin A.Tlnee Class.OneGrade C.Grade One.Class Three
4.He wasdoing somewashing A.ateiglit yesterday inoniing C.yesterdayinoniingat eightB.yesterday morningeiglitB.eight hundredand fbitysix D.D.by eightyesterday nioniiiigeighthundred fbity-sixB.Class Tluee.Grade OneD.class tlnee,grade one
5.There aremonths ina year.December isthe monthof theyear.A.twelve:twelve B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth:twelve D.twelve;twelveth
6.Sunday isthe dayoftheweek.A.seventh B.first C.second D.third
7.Autumn isseason ina year.A.the fourthB.the tliiidC.a thirdD.thiid
8.T0111was toget toschool andI was.A.fust:ninth B.the fiist;the ninthC.a fiist:a ninthD.the second:the ninth
9.What,sthedate todayIts.A.Friday B.time togo C.cloudy D.June4thlO.Monday isthe secondday.and.A.Tuesday isthe fourthB.Thursday isthe fifthC.the secondis TuesdayD.the secondis Thursday。
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