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英语八大时态:一般现在时现在进行时过去完成时(不考)一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时(不考)一般将来时现在完成时01一般现在时标志动词原形表示经常性或习惯性动作
1.She oftenspeaks English.1leave homefor schoolat7every morning.表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:
2.Granny fellasleep whenshe wasreading.It wasraining whenthey left the station.06现在完成时标志动词的过去分词have/has+表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,
1.强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成)如O(结果他目前不在这个城市)He hasleftthecity.(结果窗户破了)Someone hasbroken thewindow.表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持
2.续下去(表示“未完成”)OI have been busysince last week.He hastaught inour schoolfor30years.r vefinished halfso far.注意瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以如She hasn t seenyou for ages.His fatherhasnttouched beerforawhole week.表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常
3.与表示频度的副词always,often,every day等连用如I haveoften heardthat heis thecleverest personin thatcompany.在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成
4.的动作如r11go toyour homewhen I have finishedmy homework.If ithas stoppedsnowing in the morning,we11go thepark.与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语
5.很多,等,但常just,already,yet,before,never,ever,recently见的有自从1sinceI have been theremany timessince thewar.We haven t seeneach othersince lastweek.We havebeen friendsever since.在过去/最近…中2in/for/during thepast/last...yearsr vebeen illfor thepast threeweeks.Great changeshave takeplace in the lastten years.I havebeen herefor thelast/past month.到目前为止3so farWehaventhad anytrouble so far.So farthe searchfor themissing middle-aged womanhas beenfruitless.到现在为止4up to/until nowUp to nowhe sbeen quiet.Uptonow,the workhas beeneasy.I haveheard nothingfrom himup tillnow.Up tillnow wehave plantedover2000trees.这是第一/二…5It is/will be the first/second...time that...次…W sthe first time thatV vebeen here.It willbethefirsttime that I ve spokenin public.It isthe secondtimethatI havemet himtoday.形容词最高级+这是最…6This is+that...This isthe bestfilm thatIveever seen.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
6.现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;而一1般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响如我已经看过了这部电影Ihaveseen this film.我是昨天看的这部电影I sawthisfilmyesterday.现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用如2for,since,sofar,等,或者干ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up tonow,always脆没有时间状语;而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用如等yesterday,last night,...ago,in1980,in February现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词如3live,teach,等;而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词如work,know begin,buy,等如die,marryHe haslived inHangzhou sincelast spring.My grandfatherbought thecar fiveyears ago.易错点辨析
7.考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的1如他死了两年了xHe hasdied for two years.VHe has been deadfortwo years.VHe diedtwo years ago.电影开演十分钟了xThe filmhas begunfor10minutes.VThe filmhasbeenon for10minutes.VThe filmbegan10minutes ago.xShe hasmarried for three years.她结婚有三年了JShe hasbeen marriedforthreeyears.JShe marriedMike threeyears ago.考生不懂如何区分和尽官两者2havebeen to have gone to,均可后接地点,但表示去过某地havebeento现在已经回来了,表示到某地去了现在还havegone to没回来如She hasbeentoParis threetimes.She hasgonetoParis.07过去完成时标志动词的过去分词had+表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经
1.存在的状态如By theend oflastweekhe hadfinished thework.He hadleft whenI arrived.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作
2.或状态如We hadnot seeneach othersince Ileft Beijing.The filmhad beenon for5minutes whenI gotto thecinema.某些表意向的动词如等
3.intend,think,plan,expect,hope的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算如I hadintended to visit youlast night,but someonecalled and Icouldn5t getaway.We hadhoped thatyou wouldcome,but youdidn t.过去完成时与一般过去时
4.)基本区别过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发1生的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态如他两年前在那儿学习(离现在He studied there twoyearsago.两年)他说他两年前He saidhe hadstudiedtheretwoyearsbefore.在那儿学习过(离他说话时两年))特别注意两个动作如果按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或2者用等连词连接时,多用一般过去时如then,and,butWhen shesaw themouse,she screamed.My auntgave mea hatandIlost it.过去将来时标志动词原形would+表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,
1.一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中如:He saidhe wouldcome herenext Friday.I knewthat hewould helpus whenwe werein trouble.表示过去的动作习惯或倾向
2.The oldman wouldsit ona benchin thequite parkfor hourswithoutdoing anything.When Iworked onthat farm,I wouldget upat5am.He seemsto feela bitdown today.He worksas adriver.表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中
3.Shanghai liesintheeast ofChina.Columbus provedthat theearth isround.Where there is awill,thereisa way.注意在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表将来When Billcomes,ask himto waitfor me.I shallgo theretomorrow unlessI’m toobusy.一般过去时标志动词过去式表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,如:
1.Jim rangyou justnow.Liu Yingwas inAmerica lastyear.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是表达的
2.used todo句型,本身表示的就是过去常常如When I was akid,I oftenplayed footballinthestreet.She used to visither motheronce aweek.*注意区分(某人过去常常做某事,此处sb.usedtodo sth.to是动词不定式标志符号)和(某sb.be usedto sth./doing sth.人习惯于某物/做某事,此处是介词)to.代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语3气此用法仅适用于少数动词如want,hope,wonder,think,等及情态动词如intend could,wouldI wonderedif you could have a wordwith me.I hopedyoucouldhelp mewith myEnglish.Would youmind mysitting here03一般将来时标志动词原形will/shall+表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,如
1.We shallhave alot ofrain nextmonth.My husbandwill comeback ina fewdays.表示倾向性和习惯性
2.Fish willdie withoutwater.When itgets warmer,the snowwill startto melt.一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析
3.动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的1will/shall+事情“将会如何作助动词时一般只用于第一人称*shall动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事2be going to+It isgoing torain.We aregoingtohaveameeting today.动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作3be to+He istovisitJapan nextyear.We areto discussthe reporton Monday.动词原形表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要4be about to+做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如The planeis aboutto start.Don tworry.I amabouttomake aclose examinationon you.04现在进行时标志动词的现在分词be+表示说话时正在进行的动作
1.She iswriting aletter upstairs.Who areyou waitingforIt israining hard.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行)
2.I hearMr.Green iswriting anothernovel.表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责
3.备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always,constantly,等频度副词连用如continually,foreverJohn isforever askingsilly questionslike astupid.He isalways thinkingof othersfirst.表示将来
4.表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词1如等如:go,come,leave,start,arriveUncle Wangis coming.Theyre leaving for Beijing.在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发2生的事情如Please dropin whenyou arepassing myway.If heis stillsleeping,don twake himup.05过去进行时标志动词的现在分词was/were+表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,
1.如Iwashaving atalk withLucy atthat time.They werewatching TVat homelast night.表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、
2.责备、厌恶等情绪如My brotherwas alwayslosing hiskeys.表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于
3.部分趋向动词如go,come,leave,start,arrive等如He saidthey wereleavingforBeijing thisafternoon.过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景
4.一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。