初中英语宾语从句讲解

宾语从句

一、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为以从属连词引导的宾语从句、已从属连词或引导的that whether if宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句、引导的宾语从句1that由引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当从属连词无实际意义，不在从that that句中作任何成分，此时从句的成分齐全，句意明确，在口语和非正式文体中可that以省略Im extremelysorry that I havelost yourbook.Were allpleased that we haveonce againovercome thedifficulty.Do youthink thatit willrainWe knowthatwe should studyhard.、或引导的宾语从句2whether if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成，其语Whether/if序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序，从句前加上连词或whetherif可用的情况1whether/if通常引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用whether/ifI dontknow whether/if he911arrive intime.I amwondering whether/if theywould believein me.I askedhim whether/if he had finishedall hishomework.只能用不能用的情况2whether,if、引导介词的宾语从句时AIm thinkingof whether we shouldgo shopping.Im notinterested inwhether shellbe invited.、与直接连用时B or notI cantsay whether or nothe willcome ontime.I dontknow whetherornotthey willcome tohelp us.I wonderwhetherornot weshould makeit clearthat wevelost thisgame.、宾语从句提前时CWhether theywill joinin theWinter CampI dontcare.、连接代词引导的宾语从句3宾语从句可由连接代词等引导，它们在宾语从句中what,who,whom,whose,which可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略（作主语）Do you know whowill teachus Englishterm（作宾语）Did youhear whatshe said（作表语）I dontknow whosethe footballis.（作定语）Could youtell mewhich bookis better、连接副词引导的宾语从句4宾语从句可由连接副词及形容词/副词”短语等引导，when,where,how,why“how+它们在宾语从句中作状语等，不可省略We didnt know whenyou usuallygo toschool.I wantto knowwhere hebought thiscup.Can youtell mehow Iget tothe busstationPlease explainwhy youwere latefor classagain.形容词/副词”短语主要有“How+how old,how many,how much,how long,how等often,how far,how soonDoyou knowhow oldyour fatheris thisyear

二、重点考点、宾语从句的语序1无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导，引导词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序I amwondering ifyou couldhelp me.He askedme whenweshouldstart outthe nextday.Did youfind outwhere shelost hercar、宾语从句的时态2宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态，一般遵循以下原则主句为现在时态或将来时态时1主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响I knowyou dontknow whati thinkat all.I knowhe didnttell youthat hewould comethen.Fil letyouknowwhether Filcome ornot directlyI checkmy plan.主句为过去时态时2主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态I onlyknew hewas studyingin awestern country,but I didntknowwhich countryhewas in.He askedme ifI wasreading thenovel TheOld Manand theSea whenhe camein.He told me thathehadtold Maryabout themeeting already.The reporterasked ifthe governmentwould takenecessary measuresto putdown theto-do.特别提示:从句若表示客观事实或真理，谓语用一般现在时My mothertold methat a friend inneed isafriendindeed.、宾语从句的否定转移3主句谓语是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中其think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致，且用肯定形式I dontthink theyllwait tothe lastminute.Ididntbelieve thatwas hisfault wasit9

三、宾语从句的注意事项不能省略的情况that在引导的宾语从句中，连词只起引导作用，不在句中担当任何成分因that that此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略，但在下列情况不能省略当作等动词的宾语时1that learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,feelI havelearned thatmost ofthe studentswho areinterested inChinese takeinterest inEnglish.、当宾语从句较长时2We allthink thatwhat thepublic isbadly inneed ofis nothingbut thedevelopment ofeconomy.、当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时3I realizedat oncethatIhad doneit wrongwhen shetoldmeall aboutthis.、当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时4He toldus that,if wecould allcome tohelp out,the wholesituation wouldbe gettingbetter.、当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时5When Marxgot toEngland,he found,however,that hisEnglish wasso limitedthat hecouldntgo onwith hiscommon affairs.、当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时，除第一个外，其他不可省6thatThen theteacher beganto talkto usabout theFrench language,saying thatit wasthemost beautifultongue inthe world,and thatwe mustkeep itamong usand neverforget it.、当宾语从句中的主语是或被修饰时7this,that this,thatSome peoplethink thatthis partof Scotlandwith itslakes andmountains ismorebeautiful thanthe Westof England.The teachersaid thatthat wordwas wrong.、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时8However,many peoplesimply couldntbelieve thatwhat hehad writtenwas true.、当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时9Once Aristotlehad madeup hismind thatheavy objectsalways fallfaster thatlightobjects.、当宾语从句被形式宾语代替时10itW allconsider itimportant thatchildren shouldtake plentyof milkas theygrow.后接的宾语从句不能省去11expect thatHisarticle isvery goodexpect that there areonly afew unfitsentences.、

12、在直接引语中，引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时13「Im extremelysorry totell youthe mansaidjthat youmissed thelast trainonce again.”

四、课堂小练、1what didhe askjust nowHewonderedA.if theywould meetattheschool gateB.when wouldthey startC.that theywould takesome foodD.how theywill getthere、

2、3rd liketo know.Maybe inthe forest.B.where wewill gocampingA.whetherwewill gocampingD.where willwe gocampingC.whether willwe gocamping。