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.说起来容易做起来难Easier saidthan done八下知识点清单Unit1Whats thematter怎么了
1.Whats thematter=Whats up=What9s thematter with you=Whats thetrouble withyou=Whaf swrong withyou你怎么了？=What happened to sb=Is there anything wrongwithyou描述身体不适
2.⑴主语病症发烧咳嗽+have/has+a+have a fever\cough受凉;感冒have a cold=catch acold=have gotacoldI have a highfever.主语部位牙疼胃疼2+have/has+a+・ache have a toothache\stomachache.我头疼，所以上床睡觉了I hada headacheso I want to go to bed⑶主语发病部位背疼喉咙痛+have/has+a+sore+have asore back\throat部位.我嗓子疼，胸口也疼4+hurts I have asore throatand mychest hurts疼痛，受伤身体伤害多用精神\感情受伤用修饰hurt.v.badly,very much\rather\deeply hurt受伤做某事时伤至!］自己oneself hurt oneself doing sthThe driverhurt herselfbadly in the accident.Your wordsdeeply hurther.⑸has aknee hurthavn\feel a pain in the\ones+身体部位She felt apain in herstomach.⑹hit碰击/击中/碰撞get hit on the head bya basketball介词身体部位身体表面较软或较空的部位hit+sb.++the+in eye,face,leg,mouth,stomach,用于身体较硬的部位，如on head,nose,back,chest碰击，击中，碰撞强调一次性动作hit Theball hithim in the face.“打、敲、接连打击”强调重复性的动作打败战胜某人beat beatsb语法:应该，应当”为情态动词，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化用来向别人提
3.should”出建议，以劝导别人，比must和ought to更加委婉主语+should/shouldn,t+动词原形.・・
①She.她应该躺下休息一会儿should lie down andrest
②You shouldn91go out at night.你晚上不应该出去
③What shouldshe do她该怎么办呢？我应该量一下体温吗？©Should Itake mytemperature Yes,you should..情态动词.于否定句或疑问句lneedneednt=dont have to没有必要need+do;needn，t do引导的一般疑问句need,must---Need Ifinish thework today---Yes,you must.\No,you neednt.一一Must I go therenow Yes,you must/No,you neednt.作实义动词⑴人做主语，某人需要做某事2need sb.need to do sth物做主语，2sth needdoing sth=sth need to bedoneneed+n—ronto do\doieg;dont\doesiTt\didiit need是副词，译为“也许、可能”，通常放在句首，相当于
5.few/a fewlittle/a little行\¥让使充满，用..•填充•装满了…
11..・11・・・・・・・・・・・be filledwith=be fullof她用水填满碗She filled the bowlwith water.指时间上不再延续，常与延续性动词连用，意为不再…”
22.no longer=not...any longerno more指动作上不再延续=not...any moreHe isno longera student.他不再住这了He no longer liveshere.=He doesntlive hereanymore/any longer.JL可数名词，通告；布告；公告牌制作一些布告notice make some notices动词，注意到；意识到注意到某人做了某事notice notice sb do sth注意到某人正在做某事从句.注意到…notice sb doing sthnotice+that决定不去干某事从句
23.decide not to do sth decide+that疑问词决定让某人做某事decide++to do sth decideon sb to do sth决定不这么做decide againstdoing so=decide not to do sth建立/开办后接等名词set up=establish school,hospital,shop,company,government修建/建筑常接等build house,road,bridge确实如此，毫无疑问
24.for sureYou dont have money.Thats forsure.从句，认为…一定会确信肯定,一定去做某事be sure+be sureto do sth对某事有把握诚然的确be sureof\about sth to besure努力不做某事试图，设法，努力try not to do sth try.v尽力做某事do/try onesbest to do sthFil try my best to help him.试一试试穿have atry try on Would you like to try this dress on尽力努力做某事（但不一定成功）尝试试着做某事
25.try to do sth try doing sth停下来去做某事停下来去做另一事stop to do sth停止做某事停止正在做的事试用，试验stop doing sthtry outMy momlikes totry outall thethings that she willbuy beforepaying for them.
26.hand out分发=give out分发hand outbananasgive out发出（光热声音气味等）、用完耗尽give outsth to sb•分…给某人放弃…放弃吸烟做演讲报告give updoing give up smokinggive atalk/speech赠送，捐赠give awaygive awaysth.to....give awaymoney tokidsgive awaysth.to sb.=donate sth.to sb.赠送某人某物give back归还give areportgive sth.to sb=give sb sth给某人某东西give way让路，让步给我线=屈服/让步give moneyto megive memoney giveingive adviceon...提供有关...的建议二give suggestionsgive over沉溺于某种状态give off放出释放give sb a hand助某人一臂之力give give sb a call给某人打电话••给•上课=lessons to・・・give sblessons给某人一个机会give sba chancegive no没有回答举办音乐会鼓掌answer givea concertgive sba clap肢体有残疾的残疾人.不能
27.disabled adj.disabled peopledisable.v失明的/瞎的失明.聋的blind,adj.go blinddeaf.adj beblind眼失明in..”…She isblind in the righteye.帮助无家可归的人help homelesspeople helpsick/lonely/disabled/blind/deaf people动词不定式归纳（只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词）
28.次心学会有希望同意计划莫假装decide,learn,wish,hope忘记拒绝会失望agree,plan,pretend forget,refuse,fail准备设法来帮忙prepare,try,manage,help提供请求负担起offer,beg,afford记得阻止理应当remember,stop,be supposed关于的短语总结不得不，必须做某事.请做某事to have to do sth.ask sb to do sth sb需要做某事.讨厌做某事needto do sth.hate to do sth,喜欢做某事,想做某事like to do sthwant to do sth.热爱做某事.忘记做某事love to do sthforget to do sth.开始做某事.开始做某事start to do sth begin to do sth.特意地/专门地/特别地特别的
29.specially.adv special.adj.捐赠物.捐赠赠送donation,n.donate.v.孤独的/寂寞单独的地;独自的\地=^丫lonely,adj alone.adj\adv.我虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞I didntfeel lonelythough I was alone+名词.进行、举行…；去野餐去旅行go on a bego on a picnictry go onatrip是某人的家园参加选拔疝试用;试行home to sb raiseout fortryout匚为筹钱$..£匚为筹集.通过电话money£0・・・・・on the・・・・on the phone通过电视通过互联网telephone/radio/compute at the・on TVat anyon the Internet同时一在任何时候在当时/在那时same time a booklover timein needat the time a个书籍爱好者死在困难中饥理想的工作die ofhunger behungry dreamjob at least于饥饿敬饿的在...至少最多an oldpeoples home at theage of at mostbest wishes老院a children^home儿童之岁时for sb.with/to sth.家the lookof joy高兴的表情at in ones freetime在sb空闲时间里good luckntheprimary school在小学after-school studyprogram课夕卜学习班luckily.adv.answer thetelephone接电话at thefood bank在食品救济站feel luckyadj一个家长热线中心acall-in centerfor parents修理;修补;解决（）,要求某人（不要）做fix up=repair sth.ask sb.not to do sth（否定后缀）-（肯定）:无家可归的细心的匿名的less fulhomeless carefulnamelessa friendof mine二one of my friendsvisit sickchildren careless粗心的在医院看望生病的孩子in thehospitalUnit3Could you please clean yourroom彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗？
1..Peter couldyoupleasetake out the trash9[解析请你（做）,…好吗？提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定|口答，1]Could youplease do sth1说话的语气比较客气委婉不是的过去式，是委婉礼貌的说法回答用Could cancan.【常用答语】作允答可以各种各样如同意（Could/Can/May Iuse yourcar for a dayYes,you）（）如果不同意can./Sure/Certainly/Yes,do please./Of course./Thafs OK./All right.Im sorryyou要避免说这样显得很不礼貌否定回答cant/Fm reallysorry,but I have touse it today.No,you cant通常用委婉语气那你可以洗盘子吗？做家务/处理琐事
2.Can you do thedishes do chores do the laundry=do[结构名词洗餐具/衣服1]do the+do thedishes/laundry[结构2]do the+动词・ing dothe cleaning打扫卫生【结构】名词3doones+做家务/家庭作业do oneshousework/homework【结构】+动词4dosome・ing读写书/购物do somereading/shopping洗衣服some washing=wash clothes至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？
3.Could Iat leastWish watchingthis show【解析】我可以做……吗？用于表达允许,语气委婉1Could Ido sthCould Igo out with my classmatethis weekendYes,you can.【解析】至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度（反）最多,不超过2atleastat most【解析】结束;完成做完某事3finish.v finish doing sth我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了
1.1think two hours of TV isenough for you!表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词twohours ofTV用单数形式How timeis flies!Three yearsis reallya shorttime.200dollars isntenough for me.拿出/取出的用法
5.Could youtake out the rubbish,fold theclothes anddothedishes take out take）拿/取带.去.1Please takesome booksto the classroom.take sth to sp・・）吃喝/服用2Take thismedicine three times a day.）乘（车/船等）乘公共汽车3They usuallytake the bus to work.构成的短语take take-took-taken照顾脱下/起飞去散步看一看take care of take offtake awalk take a look带某人去散步take sb.forawalk take占据拿下take uptake down量体温ones temperature照顾/照看/照料take care of=look after）花费时间/金钱4It takesme twohours to do my homework every day.把…照管得好不急/慢慢来take good care of=look after...well take ones timetake away拿走/取走take back收回take out the trash倒垃圾（v+adv）take place发生take（some）medicine吃药/服药take it/them out中药介远离休旅行Chinese medicinetake breaksaway0111・・・・・・take atrip息冒险=（）休息一下松!©take riskstake a big risk..take\have arest breaks=take abreaktake abath洗个澡take adrive乘马车take aseat坐下take anap小睡会儿take photos照像take out取出（work out算出）take care当心二be carefultake a ride兜风take the/a+交通工具+to+地点“乘坐・.」在句中做谓语乘地铁乘火车打的take thesubway take the train take thetaxi运动;锻炼轮流行动take exercisetake turnstake action
7.You watchTV all the timeand neverhelp outaround the在医院（上班/看人）in thehospital与time相关的短语all the time一直;总是二alway fora longtime很长时间time准时及时同时一再/经常on timein timeat the same timefor andtime again at偶尔第一次有时随时from time to time last the first timenext timesany timeeverytime上次no time无时at thattime下次some time一段time=each time每次what timetime在那时时间我和你一样累！什么时间
8.Tm justas tiredas youare!house!【解析】as+adj/adv+as和…一样…，表示同级比较not as/so・・.as不如…这个故事和那个一样有趣This story is asinteresting asthat one.The gardenis not so beautifulas youthought.Tom doesntrun sn fast asBob.
9.For oneweek,she didnot do any housework and neitherdid I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做【解析】助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”neither+（）两者都不既不…也不…，1neither neither...nor...连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tomnor Jimis a student⑵表达“…也不……”则用助情+主”Neither/Nor+be/V/V倒装句型so,neither助动词/动词/情态动词+主语J So+be助动词动词/情态动词+主语j Neither+/be这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后面某人（物）也是这样助动词动词/情态动词/be在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定依附于肯定句，So neitherBillwatched TVlast night.So didAnn.Lily isnta teacher.Neither isMary.依附于否定句【解析】宾语+宾语补足语.寻找find+find ffound ffound.V
10.The nextday,my momcame homefrom workto findthe houseclean andtidy.【注】
（1）find sb.doing sth发现某人做某事（）发现做某事很2find+it+adj.+to do sth
11.It is the parents9job toprovide aclean andcomfortable environmentat homefor their children.在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务【解析】.为某人提供某物provide sth.for sbTVs+n+to do sth提供（前介词用）provide.V provide sb.with sth.sb for（前需加介词）供应某人某物=provide sthfor sb.sth with=offer sb.sth.=offer sth to sb.provide sth.The restaurantprovide thebest service.provide sb.with sth.The parentsprovide thechildren withfood andclothes.provide sth.for sb.The schoolsprovide desksand chairsfor the students.provide为应急等做好准备而providesb.with sth.“提供；供给”提供某人某物=provide sthfor sb.offer侧重表“愿意给予”.对某人提供某物offer sb.sth.=offer sth to sboffer to do主动提出干某事sthsupply定期“供应”，强调替supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.为sb提供某物代或补充所需物品结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了
12.As aresult,he oftenfell ill and hisgrades dropped.[解析结果（插入语，放在句首,用逗号隔开）1]as aresultHe didntlisten carefully.As aresult,he couldnt work outthe maths problem.的意思是“由于，因为“，相当于as aresult of because ofPeter was lateas aresult of the heavy rain.=Peterwas late because of theheavyrain.【解析】生病入睡2fall illfall asleep依靠;信赖,为固定短语;不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态
13.depend onAswe know,good resultsdepend onhard work.You cantdepend on your parentsforever.你能把盐递给我吗？
14.Could youplease passme thesalt【解析】（给，递，走过，通过把某物递给某人=pass Dvpass sb.sth passsthto sb（）通过；路过2v Ipass yourhome.pass it/them to sb（）通过（考试）；及格传递3v Tomcan passhis mathexam.pass on我能借下你那本书看吗
15.Could Iborrow thatbook你能借我一些钱吗？Could youlend mesome money【解析】borrow/lend/keep⑴borrow借入，与from连用，尤指主语借进来”从某人那里借某物借一些钱borrow sthfrom sb.borrow somemoneyYou canborrow the book fromthe library.借出，与搭配【指借出去】把某物借给某人2lend to lend sb sth=Iend sthto sbHedoesnt want tolendhis bookto others..你可以向你哥哥借些钱You canborrow somemoney fromyour brother你能借给我你的自行车吗？Can youlend meyour bike保留，保存延续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用【指借一段时间】3keep
16.Doing choreshelps todevelop childrensindependence andteaches themhow tolook after做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己themselves.【解析】培养独立意识develop independence发展发展的发达的develop,development,nfdeveloping,adj.f developed,adj.一个发展中国家一个发达国家a developingcountry adeveloped country我讨厌做家务
17.1hate to dochores.hate sthShe hatessmoking inher room.【解析】讨厌做某事,表示某次具体行为或动作hate to do sth I hateto troublehim.不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作hate doing sth那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？
18.Could Iask youto help me withsome chores then短语含义要求某人做某事ask sb.to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb.not to do sth向某人要某物ask sb for sth寻求帮助ask for help请求,要某物ask forasksb.about sth向某人询问关于某事
20.CouldIinvite my friends to a party【解析】邀请某人去某地邀请invite sb.to sp.invite,v finvitation,n邀请某人做某事+地点邀请某人去某地invite sb.to do sth invite sb.to我不
1.11dont understandwhy someparents make their kidshelp withhouseworkandchores at home.理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务【解析】让某人做某事.做/制作/使得make sb.do sthmakef madefmade.v⑴make sb/sth+形容词“让某人或某物・.「make youhappyWhat hedid makeshis motherhappy⑵make sb/sth do sth使某人做某事make melaugh.My motheroften makesme clean the room.短语做鬼脸作出决定造纸3make makefaces make a decision make paper给•.让地方编对话确信make room for make a dialoguemake sureof犯错误由于疏忽吵闹make a mistake bymistake make a noisemake和..交朋友沏茶赚钱make friendswith maketea moneymake amake fun of二laugh at取笑makethebed整理床铺living谋生打电话许诺make aphone/video callmake apromise找借口make anexcuse make制定规则make an invitation发出邀请make dishes制作佳肴rules【解析】比较级，
22.The earlierkids learnto be independent,the betterit isfor theirfuture.the+the+比较级越……越……”The harderyou workat yourstudy,the bettergrades you will have.做家务是在浪费他们的时间
23.Housework is a waste of theirtime.【解析】浪费浪费时间浪费金钱a waste of awasteoftimeawasteofmoney浪费废水waste,v waste time/money on sth wastewater在做某事上花费时间/金钱wastetime/money in doing sth
24.They shouldspend theirtime onschoolwork in order to get goodgrades andget into a good,为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学,他们应该把时间用在学习上university为了…,强调目的，为了做某事1in order to in order to do sthIn order tolet thestudents hear him,he spokeloudly.We haveto studyhard in ordertopass theexam.Inordernotto be latefor school,she tooka taxi.⑵含的句子可以转变为由或引导的状语从句in orderto so that in order thatShe ran quickly inorderto catch the bus.She ranquicklyinorder thatshe could catch the bus.Sheranquickly so thatshecould catchthebus.
25.Also,when theyget older,they will haveto do housrworkso theresno needfor themto do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做【解析】长大辨析get olderget/become/go较多地与形容词比较级连用lget+adj Thedays aregetting longerand longer.⑵become强调变化的结果Its becomingcolder andcolder.⑶go+adj J表示令人不快的事情go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿常见的连系动词:一状态be；二保持keep,stay；三变化get,become,turn;四感官再力口一感觉look,sound,smell,taste;feel.清扫地板倒垃圾铺床
26.sweep thefloor foldtakeoutthe trashmake onesbed stayout lateonefsclothes叠衣月艮clean the晚归have atest考试living room清扫客厅use onesget a ride搭车wash the car刷车使用某人的电脑computer forget to去商店.和某人玩学习、go to the storeplay with sb workat忘记去做某事未做do sth.work on致力于/在_________________b下工夫从事/忙于invite sbto a place邀请某人做某事invitesb.to do sth..同意某人做某事agree sb.to do sth.同意某人的意见agree with sb.不同意某人做某事disagree sb.to do sth.不同意某人的意见disagree with sb与某人闲逛hang outwith sb有时间做某事have time to do sth.有空弄湿.与have time=be freeget itwet sharesth with sb完成做某事finish doing sth hang分享某物做饭sb makebreakfast/dinner=do somecooking把……悬挂/挂起up对某人来说做某事是重要的It is+adj+for sb.to do sth.cut my手指割伤fingerdo one飞part尽职责，尽本分do onespart in doing sth在做某事上尽职责Unit4Why dontyou talkto yourparents⑴买为某人买某物
1.get sthfor sb.=get sb sth.（）得至取至（达2J Wheredid yougetthebookHe got home latelast night.（）使，让宾语+宾补.3get+Get yourmouth closed.Please getyou coatclean.使某人\某物做某事get sb.to do sth.I gothim tocall Jimyesterday.（）（逐渐）变得…4Why didthe teacherget angryTheweather getswarmer anddays getlonger.后跟名词代词动词形式
2.How about\What about...ing1向对方提出建议或请求How aboutsomething to eat2向对方征求意见或看法How aboutTV playsHow aboutbuying the house询问天气或身体情况3How about the weatherin HainanIsland How about yourparents（）谈话中承接上下文4Im fortyyears old.Howaboutyou收到某人的信
3.receive.V receive a letter from=get a letter from=hear fromI received aletter from my parentslast Sunday.Ireceivedaninvitationto theparty,but Irefused to accept it.害怕害怕做某事be afraid of sb/sth sb/sth be afraidof doing sth不敢做某事从句；恐怕…be afraidto do sth beafraid+that
4.a6・year-old child一个六岁的孩子.6-year-old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式一把两米长的尺子a two-meter-long ruler一场百米赛跑一栋十层高的楼房a100-meter racea ten-story-high building一个五岁的女孩一本两英寸厚的词典a five-year-old girla two-inch-thick dictionary（）及物.归还=把某物还给某人return.1v give back returnsb sth=return sthto sbDontforget toreturn methe keys.（）不及物回来，返回=地点名词2v.come/get/go backreturn to+.直至昨天下午他们才回家They didntreturn untilyesterday afternoonUHe returnedto Shanghaia weekago.太••而不能…（军队）.
5.too+adj/adv+to+do・He is too youngto join the armyThemathsproblemistoodifficult for me to work out.表示否定意义的和连用时表达肯定一样.never\not too...to...One isnever tooold tolearn.遗忘，留下把某物忘在某地把单独留下leave,v.leave sthsomewhere leave sb byoneself sb.持续，继续继续做某事（原来的）continue.v continuedoing sth=go on doing sthcontinue to do sth继续做某事（做另一件）继续做某事continue with sth.任何，每一（宾语从句）
6.whatever.pron You can eatwhatever you like.•无论什么；（让步状语从句）whatever,pron whatever=no matterwhat.无论你作何决定，都会得到我们的支持You haveour support,whatever youdecide无论我提什么建议，他都不同意Whatever Isuggest,he alwaysdisagrees.由.引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时no matterwhat/who/where/when..任何时候无论什么whenever=no matterwhen whatever=no matterwhat不管怎样无论哪里however=no matterhow wherever=no matterwhere无论你是谁渚应该遵守规则No matterwho youare,you mustobey therules.E比较/对比把…与…比较…把…比作…
7.compare.v.compare…with…compare…toCompare thiscar withthat one,and youwill findthe differencesbetween them.我们经常把孩子比作花朵We oftencompare childrento flowers.这首歌把我的国家比作一个大家庭This songcompares ourcountry to a bigfamily.三者以上的“另一个单.三者以上的其他人、物+复another.+n othernone...the other...定搭配，用于两者间，意为“一个另一个……”.我可以看到一些其他男孩I cansee someother boysHe has twosons.One is a doctor,the otheris astudent.I havetwo pencils.One isred,the otheris blue.剩票的另一些并非全部帮助他人others help othersA lot of peopleare in the park.Some aresinging,others aredancing.Boys areon theplayground.Some areplaying basketball,others areplaying football.剩余的全部the othersYou twostay here,and the others gowith me.
8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep fall asleep,be asleep9睡觉，强调动作=的现在分词lsleep.V,be inbed.I amvery tired.Iwantto sleep.2sleeping sleep表示“正在睡觉”睡眠睡着的n.adj睡袋安眠药想睡觉的，sleeping bagssleeping pillsThe baby is sleeping.3sleepy.adj困倦的.睡着了的.I ama littlesleepy.Td liketo go to bed.4asleep.adj Would you mindturning强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程，不能接一段时间=down theTV Thebabyis asleep,fall asleepget tosleepHelistened to music andfell asleep.表示睡着后的状态「睡着了:可以接一段时间be asleepHe was asleepfor threehours.⑸go to bed上床睡觉，强调睡觉的动作
10.communication,n communicate.V与某人交流向…报告通知传达communicate with sb communicateto sb莉莉能用英语与外国人轻松交流Lily caneasily communicatewith foreignersin English..第二，其次；表列举事实或理由等，常与连用secondly.adv firstly,thirdly,...lastlyAs students,firstly,we shouldobey the school rules;secondly,we shouldlisten carefullyin class;lastly,we shouldfinish ourhomework ontime.动词，打开，开业，开张，展现
11.open1Would youmind openingthe window形容词，开着的，开放的2be openIn hisdream theflowers are all open..关闭，关上，合上Please closethe doorto keepthe coldout.close,v一个亲密的朋友离…近，与…亲近的be closeto...a closefriendadj.My homeis closeto theschool.adv.接近地靠近地Today Icome closeto be late.形容词，关着的，关闭的closed be closed Whenwe got to theshop itwas closed.【拓展】开f开着的关关闭的open,v open.adj.close,v fclosed.adj.赠送，分发
12.give awaygive awaysthto sb糖果Aunt Wanggave awaythe candiesto thekids.其它短语版弃归还放出，发出气味give upgivebackgive off.把某物给某人give sthto sb=give sb.sth
13.rather than而不是.......后面跟名词，代词，从句The colorseems greenrather thanblue.宁愿•,也不••prefer to do sthrather than do sth・・・・He preferredto listen tomusicrather thanplay games..宁愿…,也不…would ratherdo sththando sthHe wouldrather playthan work..【辨析】与14instead instead of副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末instead介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词instead ofing位于句首、句尾，表示反而instead,adv.1I didntgo tothe cinemalast night.Instead,I watcheda footballmatch onTV.Last summerI wentto Qingdao.This summerIm going to Dalianinstead.Mr smithwas ill,so Mrgreen wastaking his class instead.而不是+2instead ofn/pron/doing今年我打算去大连,而不去青岛Instead of going toQingdao Imgoing toDalian thisyear.Please give请把那个红盒子给我，不是那个黄的methered boxinsteadof the yellowone.Lets playchess instead我们来下棋，不看电视了of watchingTV.We eatrice insteadof noodles.参力口
15.enterl=take part in=joinMy brotherhopes toenter\join thearmy nextyear.进入2=come into=go intoDid yousee someoneenter\go into thehouse动词，鼓励，激励.鼓励某人做某事
16.encourage encourage sb.to do sthOur Englishteacher encouragesus tokeep adairy inEnglish.名词，“进步,进展取得进步，取得进展”progress make progressMy parentsare pleasedwith myprogress inlessons.建议,提议.后跟名词，代词，动名词和从句suggest”,Who suggestedyou stayinghere.争吵/争论争论与某人争论
18.get on with sbalong withsb和某人相处得好不好get on well\badly withsb在…某方面取得进展二get onwith sth get alongwith sth你的学习学得怎么样？How areyou gettingonwithyour studies那个小孩不合群The childdoesnt get onwellwith others.对做某事感兴趣
19.take aninterest in doing sth.否定表达是对做某事不感兴趣take nointerest indoing sth.Do youtake aninterest inEnglish对做某事感兴趣be becomeinterested indoing sthImdeeply interestedin swimming..提至了三种提高英语的好方法.
20.Three goodways ofimproving Englishare mentionedlla good做某事的好方式way to do sth=a goodway of doing sthCan you find a waytowork outthe problem=Can youfindaway ofworking outthe problem动词,“提到，提及，说起“如上所述mentionl asmentioned aboveHeoften mentionedhis pastto me.As mentionedabove,there aremany goodways tolearn Englishwell.名词,“提及，说起“2The newspapermade nomention of him..解释，说明为自己辩解
21.explain.V explanation,n.explain oneself向某人解释某事某物explain sthto sb=explain to sb sth你能解释一下这个的意思吗？Can youexplain what this means.请你向我解释一下吧Please explainitto me等从句explain+that/what/why用于肯定句,意为“已经”,位于行为动词之前，动词、助动词之后但用于否定句already be和疑问句末尾，用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中表示“还（没）I have already finished my homework.=1have finished my homeworkalready.我们已经打扫了教室We have already cleanedtheclassroom.Have youfinished yourhomework yet一一Has hefound hiswatch yetNo,not yet.,哦，我想你可以要她道歉
22.Well,!guess youcould tell her tosay sorry.猜测宾语从句,等，我想猜相信…”lguess.v oI think\guess\belive.我认为他不对（否定前移）I dontguess that he isright向某人道歉…向•问候；问候…2say sorryto sbsay thankssay hello\hi to・…向…致谢；感谢….向••道另!!to
23.allow sbnotto do saygoodbye to.・・sth允许某人做某事allow doing sth允许做某allow sth允许某事事允许某人做某事allow sbsth被允许做某事be allowedto do sth允许某人进入出去allow sbin\out你认为我能算出这道题？Do you think I can work outthe problemMy parentsdont allowmeto hang outwithmyfriends.我们不允许在家里抽烟We dont allow smokingin ourhouse.不允许某人做某事在中考单选中常考allow sb.notto do sth.我父母不允许我熬夜My parentsdontallowmetostay uplate.史密斯先生允许迈克开车去那里Mr.Smith allowedMike todrive there.重要的事情没什么了不起
24.abig deal IVsnot abig deaL\Its nobigdeal.就这么办;一言为定Its adeal.这两个词均是的比较级在用法上有所区别:只能用来指人；既可修饰elder/older oldelder older人，也可修饰物表示“前辈的”、”年纪较长的、仅用于同一家庭成员的比较；则不限于此elder older发现某人在做某事发现某人做过某事
25.find sbdoing sthfind sbdo sth.当我到家时，我发现他在玩电脑游戏I foundhim playingcomuter gameswhenI gothome get intoa和某人打架、表示否定意义，没有，几fight withsb=have afight withsb=fight withsb fewlittle乎没有；表示有肯定意思，有几个a fewa little
26.be angry withsb生某人的气all kinds of各种各样调小删除；删去因某事而心中不安turn downcut outfeel nerousabout\at sthcompetewithsb与某人竞争make friendswithsb.和某人交朋友be担心=叩对,着迷；热衷于…worried about・・・・・worry aboutkebe crazyabout・・继续做某事让某人做某事ondoing sthlet sbdo sth是副词短语，=a bita little=a littlebit=kind of+adi/adv a little tired.盘子里几乎没有鸡蛋，我必须买一些There arefew eggson theplate,so Imust buysome.在杯子里有一些牛奶There is a littlemilk in the glass复数“相当多不可数名词“相当多的”quite a few+n quitea little+There isquite.瓶子里有相当多的果汁a littlejuice in the bottle复数/不常在肯定句中；是一个a lot of=lots of=a number of+n n,lots of water;lots of books a lot副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分,很等意；.死，死亡Thanks alot.helpmealot
6.death.n Thedeath.她父亲的死彳艮突然of herfather wassuddendie・v•死（过去式、过去分词为died,现在分词dying）.她两年前去世了She died two years ago•死的这只鸟死了dead.adj Thebird isdead.表达“死了多长时间“，用时间段或时间段havehas beendead for+died++ago已经死了两年His grandpadiedtwo years ago.=His grandpahas beendead for two years..垂死的;要死的这是一只快死的鸟dying.adj This isadying bird.我认为他的爷爷快要死了I thinkhis grandpais dying..关于时间的用法7on\in\at（用于指具体某一天指日期在月日；指某天的某时段Don onOctober1st101on themorning of在上周一早上，在一个很冷的冬天的早上；指具体某天last Monday onacold wintermorning on在星期一，在那天；Mondayonthat day指纪念日onyourbirthday在你生日那天；指节日on Teachers9Day在教师节（）时间介词用在月份、季节、年代、世纪前和等，及在短2inin the morninw\afteniooii\eveiiiiiR时间内（后）在春天，in spring/summer/autumn/winterin the20th century在20世纪in two days两天内（后）（）时间介词可用于表示确切的时间点在九点钟;表某时辰在午夜,3at atnine oclockat midnight at在中午;表在某时刻在这时；表年龄在岁时noon at this timeat theage of2020两天前前几天夕不久前的一天twodaysaqo theother day几周后几周后两天前in a few weeksafewweeks latertw daysbefore感觉看听到注意到某人做某事
8.feel\watch\hear\notice sbdo sth感觉\看\听到注意到某人正在做某事feel\watch\hear\noticesbdoing sth,看见某人做某事看见某人正在做某事see sb.do sthsee sb.doing sth.看牙医看医生看医生see adentist seea doctorgo tothe doctor=go tosee thedoctor
9.happen・v•发生sth+happened+地点时间某地某时发生了某事”This storyhappened inJuly.The accidenthappened onGreen Street.（偶然发生的）“某人出了某事”（常指不好的事）sth happened to sbAncar accidenthappenedtohim lastmonth.•碰巧某人碰巧做了某事从句happen sbhappenedto do sthIt happened+thatI happenedto meetone of my oldfriends in the parkyesterday.It happenedthat he had totake part in ameeting thatafternoon.发生⑴按让划进行或按计划发生take place最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化Great changeshave takenplace in China inrecent years.（）（运动活动会议等）举行2The meetingwill takeplace nextFriday.代替，取代为坐某人的位置，代替某人的职务take the place of takeoneplace.塑料有时能代Plastics cansometimes take theplace of woodand metal替木材和金属.Come totake myplace.My seatis nearthe window.in ones opinion依某人看Its time to do sth该做某事了=It9s timefor sth.告诉某人做某事表一种惊奇不高兴的反问tell sbto do sth Why not做某事是的口匕...由直至才Its+adj+to dosth・・・・・01111・・・・1|・・・・・・・对某人某物评价好坏浏览/快速查看have a good\bad opinion of sb\sth lookthrough你认为.…怎么样What do you think of/about…=How doyou like...拒绝做某事offer sb.sth.=offer to dosth.refuse to dosth.语法点27表达方式句型结构含义直接建议让我们一起做某事Lets+dosth.委婉建议我们做某事好嘛？Shall we+dosth你介意（不）做某事？Would youmind not+doing sth征求建议做某事怎么样？HowXWhat about+doingsth劝告建议你最好（不要）做某事？Yoif dbetternot dosth.责备建议你为什么不做某事？Why dontyou dosth=Whynotdosth请求建议你愿意（不）做某事吗？Wouldyou like notto dosth请你（不）做某事好嘛？WouldXCould youplease notdo sthUnit5What wereyou doingwhen therainstorm came到达小地方到达大地方到达到达l.arrive atarrive inreach get toI arrivedinBeijing last night.=I reached\got to Beijinglastnight.如果宾语是副词要把省略here,there,home,at\in\toarrive here\there\homegethere\there\home引导的感叹句形容词+名词+主语+谓语+!
2.what what+a\an+多么美的姑娘呀！1What abeautiful girlshe is!多么美的图片呀！2What interestingpictures theyare!多么可口的食物呀！3What deliciousfood itis!How:How+adj+主语+谓语be动词；How+adv+主语+谓语实义动词!多么重的箱子呀！他跑得多快呀！4How heavythe boxis Howfast heruns!!多么细心的姑娘呀!5How carefulthe girlis!她的钢琴弹得多好呀！3How wellshe playsthe piano主+谓！How+How timeflies!How Iwish topractice speaking English withforeigners everyday!起飞
3.take off1When didthe planetake offyesterday脱下衣帽等2He tookoff hiscoat as soon as he wentintothe room.取消3They willtake offthe5am train.开始;；后接作宾语
4.begin.=start begin-began-begun-beginning n\pron\to do\doingbegin/start to do=begin/start doingsth;以下形式只可用to do
①主语是物，不是人时.冰开始融化了The icebegan to melt
②begin用doing形式时He is just beginningto drawthe picture.他刚开始画那幅画
③begin后的宾语是与感情想法有关的表示心理活动的动词，如understand,know,feel等时.我开始明白这件事了I beganto understandit以…开始…在…起初begin withat thebeginning of.跟着某人做某事
5.follow sb.to dosth Pleasefollow meto readthe story.形容词，修饰名词;令人惊奇的/令人惊讶的
6.amazing Whatan amazingbook!…对...感至惊讶be amazedat Everyonewas amazedat thebad news.动词;使某人惊讶amaze Yourletter amazedme.大声喊叫（多指因生气而非善意的）大声喊叫（多指因距离远）
7.shout atshout toDontshout at the littleboy.He istoo young.We shouldshout tohim,orhe cant hearus..不及物动词“上升，升高”（主语是升高的物体本身）
8.rise Thesun rises..及物动词，“抬起，举起”（主语是要升高其它物体，强调把某物从低处抬到高处，也可raise比喻提高价值/名誉/地位/工资等）LiuXiang raisedhis hands.任何地方（常用于否定句或疑问句中）
9.anywhere Did you goanywhere lastnight某个地方（用于肯定句）somewhere Comeand seeme.Then wellgo outsomewhere.处处，至!!处=everywhere here and thereI cant findmy penthough Ilooked fbrit everywhere\hereand there.名词，寂静/无声.沉默的/寂静的
10.silence silent.adj keep/stay silent.保持沉默..这所老房子寂静无声.Keep insilence The old housewas quitesilent听至!
11.hear JCanyou hearsomeone knockingat thedoor听到这件事我很难过（指听到别人不幸的消息）rm sorryto hearthat.（）听说，后接表示人或物的词=l hear of hear about.我以前从来没有听说过他.I havenever heardofhimbefore（）听说,后接表示事件的名词2hearabout.我刚刚听说他生病的事.Ive justheard abouthis illness（）收到某人的来信=收到某人的来信3hear fromreceivealetterfromsb..我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信.I heardfrommydaughter inNew Yorkyesterday（）听见某人做某事4hear sb.dosthI oftenhearhimsing in theroom.听见某人正在做某事hear sb.doingsthI hearhim singingin theroom听，侧重听的“结果”从句.听说hear hear+that【拓展】听，侧重听的“过程”listen/listento.主语形容词最高级+复数名词+短语..是中最.•的…之一.12+be+one of the+in\ofShanghai is one of the mostbeautiful citiesin China.）名词;经验，不可数名词；经历，体验河数名词□.experience你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗？⑵动词;经Could youtell usabout yourexperiences inAfrica历，感觉.这次孩子们经历了许多困难.形容The childrenexperienced manydifficulties thistime experienced词;有经验的•她是一个经验丰富的教师She isan experiencedteacher.做某事很有经验..be experiencedin\at doingsth.=have muchexperience in\at doingsth
14.either也，否定句,句末我昨天也没来学校I didntcome to school yesterdayeither.•也，肯定句;句中also oShe speaksEnglish and she alsowrites English,.也，肯定或疑问句;句末你也要去上班吗？.也，肯定too Are you goingtoworktoo aswell句;句末我也会游泳I can swim aswell.玩得开心，过得愉快
15.have fun=have a good\great\wonderful time=enjoy oneselfhave fundoing.开心做某事sth
16.acddent事故，意外遭遇by trafficaccident交通事故accident偶然，意夕卜地We metat the airport by accident•可数名词,电灯/光源；不可数名词,光/光亮/光traffic lights交通灯The lightis stillon.light.线;Dont crossthe roadwhen thetraffic lightsare red.当交通灯是红色时，不要横穿马路形容词/轻的/浅的；浅蓝light bluedark blue深蓝小雨动词，点燃，照亮，过去式过去分词light rainlitMighted,litMighted.他坐下来，点了一支烟点燃蜡烛He satdown andlit acigarette lightthe candles过去进行时的用法:
17.
1.过去某一时刻正在进行的动作1What wereyou doingat8:30this morning过去某段时间正在进行的动作2I was reading the whole morningyesterday.过去进行时的构成
2.肯定句主语+动词形式+时间状语1waswere+ing否定句主语+动词形式+时间状语2+waswere+not ing疑问句主语+动词形式+时间状语？3waswere+ing肯定回答，主语+否定回答主语+Yes was\were.No,was\were+not..时间状语…在…的时候在地震时3at thetime of at thetime of the earthquake在暴风雨时at thetime of the strongwind at thetimeoftherainstormwhen the teachercamein theclassroom whenat7o5clock lastnightat thatthe rainstormcame at8oclock yesterdaytime yesterdaythe wholeeveningafternoon yesterday
18.Kate realizedher bagwas stillwas at理解领会意识到+从句home.realizeI didntrealized sheoften made amistake.名词I haventrealized the importance ofthe article.realized+实现realize.V Wewill realizeour dreams,sb+realizeOur dreamswill come true,sth+come true•难的一硬的难题硬的石头
19.hard.adj easy/“soft hardproblem hardstones.努力地，猛烈地努力学习雨下得猛adv studyhard rainhard难的工作努力工作hard workadj+n workhard v+adv.几乎不=行前系后他几乎不看电视hardly.adv hardlyever Hehardly watchesTV在图书馆在街上闹钟发出
20.be in the library/kitchen beon thestreet beat thebus stopgo off响声接电话/捡起/拾起pick up=pick upthephone逐减变弱消失接电话die downanswerthetelephone灭绝，消失die outCanyoupick me up at theairport死于内因夕卜因die of+illness/cancer/afeverdie from+an earthquake/a trafficaccident rain下大雨大小雨毛毛雨heavily heavyMightrain finerain指出前往某地/费力地向某地前进point outv+adv makeones wayto sp离去说实话无/没有go awaytell the truth without+n/pron/doing查明；确信从句make suremake sureof sth.make surethat+.确信做某事走到外面玩纸牌make sureto dosth go outside playa cardgame错过公共汽车醒来醒着的作表语miss thebus wake up awake.adj.等待走回家wait for sb/sth walkhome=go homeon foot乌云black cloudsput somecandles andmatches on the desk给带来地点说实话bring sbsth=bring sthto sb sbsthput+n/pron+tell thetruth带到这儿带去某地bring sb/sth heresb/sthbring sb/sthto sp sb/sth in在这个地区摧毁，写下在社区inthearea takedown helphis mothertheneighborhood aheavy一场大的暴风雨make dinnerrainstormlook out使…支离破碎往窗夕卜看break sthapartof thewindow intimes把车送到洗车处在困难时刻takethecar tothecarwashof difficulty相信某人的话信任某人believe sbbelieve insba piece of wood一条木头森林woodstake ahot shower洗热水澡leave thehome离开家leavesb/sth+地点状语fallen trees被吹倒的树broken windows破损的窗户broken wheels车轮弹钢琴看我play thepiano have a look at me=look atme在路的旁边在路的一边by the side ofthe roadon theside ofthe roadat theside ofthe road在路边walk by经过走过take photos拍照at theevent在事件中theschoolbasketball competition学校篮球比赛inthepassage在文章中a goodidea to do做某事的好主意in history在历史中thefirstsentence ofeach paragraph各段的第——句在美国在中国二多于少于in Americain Chinaover more than lessthan大多数美国人大多数中国人在空中most Americansmost Chineseinthesky the rest ofbooks are...首先最后therestofwateris...at firstat last对某人来说有意义完成某事have meaningtosb=mean sthtosbfinishdoingsth thehappiest dayofthe一生中最快乐的日子lifeUnit6An old man triedto movethe mountains.动词，提醒，使想起Lremind从句lremind sb+that Hereminded methat itwaslate..使某人想起某事2remind sbofdoingsth remind sb.of/about sthHenryreminded meof seeingthe film.The songremind meofmychildhood.提醒某人做某事3remindsbto dosthPlease remindhim toget up early.Peter remindedher toattend themeeting ontime.21shoot射中，shoot-shot・shot・shooting.shoot at则为朝某人或某物射击，强调射击动作Heshot ata bird,but hedidnt shootit.与
3.moved movingWe areall movedby themoving story.受感动的，通常修饰人，而令人感动的，感人的，通常修饰物moved moving有点儿，修饰形容词或副词，
4.a littlebit=a little.有点儿=.修饰的原型或比较级la bita little=a littlebit adj/adv He felta bit angry.有点儿=不可数名词2a bitofa little+There isa bitof milkinthe bottle.及物动词，意为“带路，领路，领导”过去式为常用结构
5.lead led,介词+地点名词lead sb+The guideled usthough theforest.带领某人做某事lead sbto dosth Heledthepeople tobecome rich.通往/导致/引起lead toToo muchwork canlead toillness.条条大路通罗马All roadslead toRome.
6.as soonas…一...就.......；刚.......就......;连接的时间状语从句中，指未发生的动作.他一回来我就告诉他这个消息I willtell himthe newsas soon ashecomes backo我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了As soon as I got tothe stop,thebusstarted.当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“主将从现，
1.我一到上海就去看我的叔叔I willvisit myuncle assoonas I get to Shanghairiltellheraboutthematter assoonasshe returnshome.ril ringyou upassoonas IgottoSanya.主过从过2He calledme assoonashe arrivedin Jinan.用作及物动词，意为“嫁，娶”
7.mairy与谁结婚
1.marry sbHe marrieda richman.将.••嫁给••
2.marry sbtosb・He marriedhis daughtertoabusinessman.为不及物动词短语，意为“结婚”
3.get/be marriedThey gotmarried last week.意为和…结婚”相当于
4.be/get marriedto marrysb的用法
8.fit而•意为“适合，合身”，常用1t.v fitsb.This coatdoesnt fitme.•意为“合适的，健康的“适合某事适合做某事
2.fit.adj befit for sthbefit todo sthkeep fit=stay fit=keep healthy=stay healthy是名词，意为“一对夫妻，两人，俩件事”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数
9.couple coupleThecouple nextdoor arevery friendly.引导的条件状语从句连词，意为除非…;除了…；如果不…;=常引导一个
10.unless.Unless ifnot,否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句引导的条件状语从句主句同常用将unless来时，从句用一般现在时从句的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主要用于下列情况主句为肯定句.你要不快点就会错过车1You willmiss thebus unless you hurryupYou willmiss the early busunlessyouget up early.主句为否定句.如果我不收到他的来信，我就不去2I willnot gounless Ihear fromhimWe wontgo tothe cinematomorrow unlessmy motherdoes.Unless itrains tomorrow,ril gohiking withmy father.如果明天不下雨，我就会和我爸爸去远足=If itdoesnt raintomorrow,ril gohiking withmy father.You willfail inEnglish unlessyou workhard.=If you doesnt workhard,youwillfail inEnglish.全家的用法
11.the wholefamily whole
①作形容词，意为“全部的；完整的整夜全世界the wholenight inthe wholeworld
②作名词，意为“全部，全体，整个作为整体整个中国as awhole the whole ofChina【辨析】与整个时间whole allallthetime=thewholetime一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而则位于这些词之前whole all我的一生整个班级all mylife=my wholelife alltheclass=thewholeclass表制成成品后,仍可以看出原材料
12.be made of Thedesks aremade ofwood.看不出原材料，属于化学变化be madefrom Paperis madeofwood..尽力做某事
13.try todosth He istrying tolearn English.•试着做某事try doingsth Youshould trytaking moreexercise.尽力do/try onesbest Illtrymy bestto help him.试穿try onWouldyou liketotrythisdresson
1.aget/become+形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”表示“变得越来越…”，当形容词为多音节词少数双音节词时，用“原级”more andmore+It getswarmer andwarmer whenspring comes.形容词比较级……，形容词比较级……”意为越……就越
2.“the+the+oaofthe+最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最之一”
3.oneThe harderyou workat yourstudy,the bettergrades youwillhave.Chengdu isone ofthe mostbeautiful citiesin China.最高级+名词引导的定语从句
4.Thisis/was+the++thatThis is the mostinteresting storyI haveever read..三级句型之间的转换5形容词比较级单数名词1+than any other+形容词比This bookis moredifficult thananyotherbook here.=This bookis themost difficultof all.2较级复数名词+than theother+Bill istaller than theotherstudents in hisclass.3同级比较用as+adj/adv+as...,否定式为not as/so...as.・.He isas tall as his father.He is not astallashisfather.形容词”与形容词”及的互换4“more+“less+“notso/as...as”二This questionis moredifficult thanthat one.That questionis lessdifficult than this one.=That questionisnt sodifficult asthis one..数量的表达:英语中通常将数字放在单位词的前面，而将表示长、宽、高等的词放在单位词6的后面固定句式为主语+be+数词+形容词长、宽、高、深oThe boyis
1.7meters tall./This buildingis90meters high./The river is about30meters wide.
7.China hasthe biggestpopulation inthe world.是集体名词，没有复数形式，作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式DpopulationThe population oftheschool is
500.指人口多少时，一般用或来表示2large smallThepopulation ofChina islarger thanthat ofAmerica.⑶提问“有多少人口”,用have apopulation of+数字，对人口数用What5sthepopulation of...Whats thepopulation ofChina Chainhas apopulationofabout
1.3billion.成功，做到反失败成珈做某事
8.succeed.v.fail succeed indoingsth成功地Did yousucceedinbooking theticket successfully.adv.•成功success,n Workinghard canlead tosuccess.•成功的successfuLadj Lindaisasuccessful dancerandshedances well.
9.This elephantweighs manytimes morethanthispanda.⑴表示两倍用三倍及以上用“基数词twice,+times once,twice,threetimes⑵倍数的表达倍数形容词/副词原级A+be++as++as+BThis classroomis threetimes asbig asthat one.
11.词性转换amaze.v使惊奇amazed.adj.令人惊奇的amazing.adj.感到吃惊的.包括，算在内包括在内的include.v induded.adj.•包括including,prepEveryone shouldprotect theenvironment frompollution.结冰极冷的.冰点freeze.v.-froze-frozen freezing.adj.=extremely coldfreezings不可数重量是•；称…的重量.重量，体nature.n natural.adj.weigh.v.・・weight.n.激动，兴奋重.使激动兴奋excitement,n excite.v exciting,excited.adj.一项古老的发明据我所知
12.an ancientinvention as/so farasIknow向挑战挑战做challenge sbsb.v challengesbtodosth sbsth...v.面对挑战把给看face thechallenges n.show sbsth=show sthtosbsth sb面对危险带领参观intheface ofdanger/difficulties show sb aroundaplacesb spat炫耀在展览中出生时处于兴奋中show off.v.on show.n.the birthin excitementforce自然的力量迫使做force ofnature.n.sbtodosth sbsth二即使，虽然，引导让步状语从句准备某事even thougheven ifprepare sth准备考试准备做某事prepare foran examprepare todosth为准备做某事跑向…撞上prepare sbtodosth sbrun overto walkinto另夕卜天自然死亡外因死亡another threedays=three otherdays3die ofdie from死于癌症至达..大约二die ofcancer=die fromcancer upto lj.or soabout=around内容make/do/carry outsome researchon/into+sb achievesth cometrue实现我们的梦想achieve ourdreams=make ourdreams cometure.v.achievement.n.Unit8Have youread TreasureIsland yet
1.Who elseisonmy island意为“其他的”,主要用在疑问词及不定代词else who,whose,what,where,when somebody,后面anybody,nobody,someone,anyone,something,anything,nothing-What elsedoyouwant-Nothing else.也作“其他的”讲，但用法不同other.修饰名词，并放在名词前other.adj Whenare theother boysarrive另夕卜还可修饰代词或other oneone,So Thisstory ismore interestingthantheother one.
1.5teve,have youdecided yetwhich bookto writeabout forEnglish class写哪一本书,此处为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语which bookto writeabout我不能决定何时动身I cantdecide whento start.汕.我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题I amthinking abouthow todeal wtheproblem［拓展］常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词及疑问副词和who,whom,what when,where howo.他教我如何发音He taughtme how to pronounceit我没有决定住哪儿I didntdecide whereto live.
1.6arah hasntbeen toNashville yet.地名，表示“某人曾经到过某地”，现在已经不在那个地方了（回来了）have been to+表“已经去了某地”，还没有回来,可能在那里或在途中.不能与段时间连用havegonetoJohn isnthere.Where hashe goneHe has been to manyplaces sincehe came to China.语法聚焦现在完成时
4.1）定义
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果一太黑了一有人把灯关上了Its sodark.Someone hasturned offthe light.我已经把这些照片邮寄了I haveposted thephotos,（）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态常与过去的时间点,2since+for+一段时间，等时间状语连用so farI have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里年了（从年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
1010.自从年我就住在这儿（从年开始到现在还住这儿）I havelived heresince200320032003He hasstudied English for three years.）现在完成时的构成及句式转换助动词过去分词二2have/has+they have theyve其中have/has为助动词，没有实际意义,可缩写Mike has=Mike5s
①I havefinishedmyhomework.（肯定句）
②I have not finishedmyhomework.（否定句）
③一一（一般疑问句）Have youfinished yourhomework Yes,I have./No,I havent.）动词过去分词的变化规则3
①一般情况下加-ed；
②以-e结尾的，力口-d；
③以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ed；
④重读闭音节单词，双写辅音字母加-ed）现在完成时的标志4
①常与等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续just,already,yet,ever,never,before,so farHave you ever beentoJapan I have justfinishedmyhomework.
②for+时间段；since+过去的时间点；since+一段时间ago；since+一般过去时的句子fortwoyears,since1995,so far,inthelast fewyearsThey haveknown eachother for five years.Since hewas achild,he haslived inEngland.
6.
7.put...down putit/them downHnish doingsth把某人介绍给做自我介绍introduce sb.to A.A introduce oneselfUnit9Have youever beentoamuseum一你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？一
1.Have youever beentoascience museumYesJ have.【解析】曾经（用于现在完成时用于疑问句、否定句）1ever ever【解析】（地名“曾经去过某地”，现在已经回到原地2Dhave/has beento+他曾经去过英国两次（现在已经不在英国了）He has beento England twice.你到过长城吗？（现在已经不在长城上）HaveyoueverbeentotheGreat Wall⑵have goneto已经去某地了”，说话时该人不在现场Hehasgone toEngland.他已去英国了.（不在说话的地方，到达英国或在去英国的路上）⑶havebeen地点；待在某地，常与时间段搭配in+I havebeen inShanghai for three years..我也没有
2.Me neither”主语+neither否定句中的也助动词主语A.neither+/be+〔完整的否定句后加但要加逗号隔开either,一他没有去上学He didn^go toschool.一我也没去Me neither.=Neither didI.=I didntgo toschool,either.-I cantswim.-Me neither./Neither can I.主语+too.肯定句中的“也”助动词主语B so+/be+完整的肯定句后加且要用逗号隔开I too,一.他是一名好学生He isagood student一.我也是Me too.=So amI=Im agoodstudent,too.
3.Lets go to onetomorrow.咱们明天去一个看看吧！⑴Lefs中的us包括对方，反意疑问句用shall weLets go andlisten tothe music,shall we⑵Let us不包括对方，反意疑问句用will youLetus wait for youinthereading room,will you⑶Let sb.dosth让某人做某事（sb.应用人称代词的宾格形式）咱们今天去个不同的地方吧
4.Letsgosomewhere differenttoday.【解析】形容词修饰不定代词/副词,放在不定代词之后【注】adj somethinginteresting somewhere表达地点时，前面不用介词Go andpaly somewhereelse.【拓展】不定副词somewhere,anywhere,nowhere在某处用在肯定句中somewhere无论何处用在否定句或疑问句中anywhere在什么地方都不否定词，nowhere=not...any where各处，到处二everywhere hereandthere【用法】不定副词被定语修饰时，定语必须放在其后暖和的地方somewhere warm【反意疑问句】
5.Its reallyinteresting,isnt it一原定义即附加疑问句表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实
二、构三陈述句+附加疑问句？It，s hottoday,isn tit、结则、
1.前肯后否，前否后肯
2.前名后代
3.时态一致They workhard,dont they
四、做题方法
（一）找动词（）如果句中有助动词、情态动词、动词，反意疑问句中也相应的用助动词、情态动词、1be be动词He isastudent,（）如果句中没有助动词、情态动词、动词，只有实义动词时，就要借助助动词2be Sheoftenget up at6:30every morning,
（二）判断句子是肯定还是否定，前肯后否，前否后肯当陈述部分有no,nothing,few,nobody,never,等否定含义的词，附加疑问句用肯定形式little,seldom,hardlyThe studentshave plantedmany trees,__________
（三）反意疑问句的主语必须套换成人称代词主格、The boycanswim,发明指事物从无到有（客观上没有）inventdiscover发现强调事物本身存在，从未知到已知（客观上以前存在）
1.1learned aboutthe inventionsthat ledto colormovies,too.【解析】发明发明家f发明1invent.v finventor,n invention,n导致…引导某人去某地引导某人干某事lead to sth lead sb.tospleadsb.todosth那里有各式各样的计算机
7.They haveinformation aboutdifferent computersand whoinvented them.【解析】引导，引诱领导人2lead—dedf led.v fleader n［谚语】条条大路通罗马All roadslead toRome.的信息以及是谁发明了它们信息；资料information【辨析】information/message/news（）指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息,为不可数名词l information一条信息a piece of informationYou canget muchinformation on theInternet.⑵message消息、口信、电报”指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息，为可数名词；口1我将为她留个口信leave amessage forher.⑶news“新闻，消息”，指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息、，为不可数名词.——贝新闻apieceof newsU［谚语】没有消息就是好消息No newsis good news Isthere anygoodnewstoday
9.I wonderhow much强调反应“敏捷”等rapid Shemadearapid decision.more computerswill be强调时间“短”quick Therewill bea quickvisit.able todo inthe future.fast强调速度“快”Icanrun fast.【解析】wonder⑴v【解析】.迅速的；快速的二3rapid.adj quick/fast Hehas maderapid progressinhisstudies.想要知道=后接从句，也可接“疑问词+不定式”want knowI wonder whoshe is.Iwonderwhat todo next.⑵n.惊奇；奇观the sevenwonders oftheworld他想知道这个奇观究竟是怎么样建成的I wonderedhow onearth thiswonder wasbuilt..似乎，好像
10.It might seem strangeto go toazoo whenits dark.seem.v1seem+tobe+n/adj/prep Heseems tobe happy.They seemedteachers.2It seems+that从句It seemsthat they9re winningthe match.3It seemsas if...It seemsas ifhe werein a dream.
11.Its arelaxing andpeaceful placenear alake.【解析】和平自，安宁的peaceful.adj.【拓展】和平一和平的一和平地peace,n peaceful,adj.peacefully,adv【拓展记忆】美丽美丽的beauty,nfbeautiful,adj.用途—有用的use.n useful,adj.帮助有帮助的感谢感激的help,nfhelpful,adj.thank,n-thankful,adj.茶艺表演
12.The tea art performancesshow how to make a perfectcup oftea withbeautiful tea sets.展示了如何用精美的茶具冲一杯完美的茶【解析】表演;演出演出;表演完美的1performan.v performance,n perfect,adj.musical音乐演奏•熟能生巧performance Practicemakes perfect
14.There aresome specialGerman paintingsthere right now.1German plGermans国家国籍形容词居民语言中国中国的中国人汉语China Chinese ChineseChinese英国英国的英国人英语England EnglishEnglishman English日本日本的日本人日语Japan Japanese JapaneseJapanese加拿大加拿大的加拿大人英语/法语Canada CanadianCanadian English/French美国美国的美国人英语AmericaThe UnitedStates AmericanAmerican English澳大利亚澳大利亚的澳大利亚人英语AustraliaAustralian Australian English
10.mean,v.意思是、意欲、打算mean doingsth.意味着做某事meaning•n•含义、意思meaninqless.adi.mean todosth•打算做某事的意思the meaningof・・・单词的意思the meaningofthewords（）早点去睡早起（特指）在周末（泛go tobed earlyget upearly on the weekendon weekends觉整个周末指）all weekend躺下休息躺liedown and have agoodrest liedownandrest下来休息拍光片引取得好成绩晒伤下车ll.get anX-ray Xget qoodbetterrades getsimburned getoff getget dressed穿衣服get oneselfout ofbed下床get hitby.・・被・・撞至get hiton thehead撞至j gethiton thehead by...lJ getwindy起风（）造成（）麻get sbsth=get sthfor sb结婚get sbinto troublesb get married烦get-got-gotten-gets---getting getget to know逐渐明白gettolike逐渐喜欢there到那儿get up起床getonwell getbetter变得更好/康复get back回来取回withsb.与某人相处得好变暧康复起床get warmget wellget up,为.做准备,准备做某事克服get readyfor+n・・get readytodosthgetoverbe readyfor...get achance有/得到机会get back返回gettosleep=go tosleep去睡觉fall asleep入睡be asleep睡着get参与,进入…出来（小汽车出租车电梯飞机等）休息get intoget out of somerest进入从…出来陷入困境get into=enter getout ofget intotrouble照顾
12.take careof=look aftertake200dcareofmy sister=look aftermysisterwell没有多想未经思考做某事without thinking twice dosth withoutthinkingtwice考虑/认为/想出/想要/关心仔细考虑/反复考虑think ofthink over上车睡一下觉迷路on setsome sleepget lest=be lost考虑/认为考虑自己think about+n/pron/doing.think aboutoneself放弃介意做某事give up+n\pron\doing minddoingsth.考虑（某个计戈）think aboutU They are thinking about movingto Beijing认为thinkofWhat doyouthinkofthe movie=How doyoulikethemovie仔名田思、考think overWe needafewdays tothinkoverthis matter.
13.to onessurprise使.......惊讶的；令某人惊奇的是・••=主语+be+surprised惊奇地（）对•••感至中原奇指物in surprisebe very\too surprisedat surprising.adj令他惊奇的是，他发现这个老人是个盲人To hissurprise hefound the oldman was blind.=Hewas surprisedto findtheoldmanwasblind.be surprisedtodosth.那两个女孩惊奇地看着对方The twogirls lookedat eachother insurprise.听到这个消息我们很惊讶（主语为人）使吃We arevery surprisedatthenews surprise,v惊令人吃惊的一吃惊的f surprising,adj.surprised,adj.生某人的气就某事生气be angrywithsbbe anqryat/about sthputsome medicineon sth.在____b面敷药put...on sth.把…放在某物上put on穿上put-put-put—puts-puttingput abandage onsth.用绷带包扎put herhead back把她的头向后仰熄、灭放下把你的头低下put output downputyour headdown例如（举个）例如（举同类事物几个例子）
14.for example=for instance1such as搭起，举起，张贴建造;举起;张贴put up=put sth.on thewall puttogetherput away把…收起来put onesheart into用心去做put off…把…放进；将…译成…推迟放回原put…into+n\pron\doing putbackput three apples intoblender.食物搅拌器处，把（钟）播慢Children like脱下）是“穿着”“戴着衣服）强调wearing newclothes,take off1wear状态Put onyour clothes.【解析】2right now
①现在=可用于一般现在时或现在进行时atthemomentThey arelistening tothe concertright now.
②立亥；马上二二U=right awayin aminute at once Illdo itright now.
15.Youcanalso seesee theDisney characterswalking around the park.四处走动作介词/副词，固定搭配walk aroundaround四处走动；环顾；参观go aroundlook around到处旅游带领某人参观某地travel aroundshow sbaround sp.
16.Well,Ive alreadybetherea couple oftimes,but Imhappy_________go again.【解析】两个；几个a coupleof通常指同类事物中的任意两个或几个，不一定是成对的使用a coupleof“一双（对、副……），通常指成对使用的的东西如一双鞋等a pairofThere areacoupleof bedsintheroom.This pairof shoesisa bit smallfor me.在中国多久了？
17.How longinChina问路程.多远问年龄■多少岁how farhow old问时间■多久，多长问频率.多久一次how longhow often问价格■多少复数■多少how muchhow many+n
18.For thousands of touristsfrom China,this smallisland inSoutheast Asiaisawonderful andsafe数以千记的；许许多多的place totakeaholiday.thousandsof【解析】百数以百的1hundred,n hundredsof千成千上万的thousand,n thousandsof百万成百万的million,n millions of【注】前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式million threemillion studengts数百万，前面不能加数词，用复数形式millions ofmillionsofstudents【口诀】具体的不加也不加不具体的加也加sof,sof【解析】.安全的一.一安全带安全第一2safe.adj safety.n safely.adv.safety beltsafety first
1.a.1/4=one fourth=one quarter.当分子大于时，分母为序数词加b1s.3/4=three fourths=three quarters1/3一one third=a third1/4—one fourth=a quarter.注意:分数词的几种特殊形式.2一1/2one second=a half3/4—three fourths=three quarters.分数词作主语时，谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.3不可数名词+动词单三形式分数+of+可数名词+动词变复数形式L【解析】简单的仅仅；只;不过3simple,adj simply,adv=just/only【解析】讲英语的4English-speaking【解析】练习;实践5practice.v练习某物/事Practice sth Practice English练习做某事Practice doingsthPracticespeakingEnglish.无论你
20.Whether youlike Indiafood,Western foodor Japanesefood,youH findit allin Singapore喜欢印度食物、西方食物或者日本食物，在新加坡你全部都能找到【解析】是否;管……（还是）；者……（或者），与连用引导让步状语从句，从1whether or句用一般现在时Whether youlike itor not,youH havetodoit.Whether itis easyor itis difficult,we wontgive up.但是，
22.A lotof animalsonly wakeupat night,so thisis thebest timeto watchthem.【解析】（）到了该做某事的时候了Ifs timetodosth春天,泉水春节
23.spring,n SpringFestival【谚语】一年之计在于春A year^plan startswith spring【名言】一If wintercomes,can springbe farbehind P.B Shelley.无法相信我的眼睛（表示惊讶）
24.couldnH believemy eyes.听说兜风encourage sb.todosth hearoftakearide在某方面鼓励某人搭起帐篷encouragesb.in sthput upa tent社会的一社会一.社会主意者social.adj society,n socialist.n社会问题收集茶具social problemcollecting teasets收集一收藏收藏家collect,v collection,n—collector.n收集邮票/硬币收藏书collect stamps/coins have a collectionofbooks可能的过去式，表推测might---may Hemight cometoday.fear todosth.The girlsfear to go out at night.从句fear for sb./sth.Police fearforthelost children.fear that+Unit10Ive hadthis bikefor threeyears.
1.-How longhave youhad thatbike overthere-Ive haditforthreeyears.意为“多长时间”用来对或引导的时间状语提问1how longfor since后跟一段时间，谓语动词是延续性动词，常用语完成时中2forI havelived herefortenyeas.—How longhave youworked inBeijing—For five years.辨析与for since其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段for长短我在这座城市居住了年了e.g.Ihavelived inthis cityfor five years.5他通常每天睡个小时He usuallysleeps fortwelve hourseveryday.12since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句过去时，也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型时间段一般过去时的句子:表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时“Itis++since+的动作或状态自从我到中国以来已经两年了e.g.It istwoyearssince IcametoChina.She has worked hereforfiveyears.=She has worked heresince fiveyearsago.多久以后对时间段提问，常用于一般将来时，其答语常用时间段”©How soon“in+“in+-How soonwill Mr.Li be back—In aweek.
②How often多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为once twice/•+时间段，always,usually等—Howoften doyou exercise—Once aday.
③How far多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容
④How sthe weather=What sthe-How faris itfrom hereto yourschool--Three kilometers.weather likeIt ssunny.How doyoudo你好！brother Heis
⑤How doyoudo16years old.attherestaurant Delicious,water It s4dollars.
⑥How oldis yourHow much
⑦How isthe foodHow much arethe booksTheyare20yuan.How muchdoes itcost
⑧How muchisthe
⑨Howmuchtimes haveyou beentoEnglandTwice.llHow doyou feelExciting.现在完成时表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如时间段”、过去时间点”、过去时的从句”、“for+“since+“since+一段时间且与引导的时间状语可以相互转换since++ago forsinceoMy unclehasworkedat thisfactory forten years.=My unclehasworkedat thisfactory sinceten yearago..自从年以来我就住在这里V velivedheresince
19901990.我三年没有看见他了.I haventseen himforthreeyears自从五年前以来她就在这个学校Shes beenatthisschool sincefiveyearsago.延续性动诩表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响，可以和“段时间”连用常见的延续性动词有等work,keep,have,sleep,live,stayTheyve learntEnglishforfiveyears.非延续性动词:又称短暂性动词或终止性动词,这类动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成结束常见的非延续性动词有open,die,close,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,arrive,leave,join,kill,等不能和段时间连用lend,marry,reach延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换非延续性延续性非延续性延续性非延续性延续性borrow keepbegin/start beon come/go beherebuy haveleave beaway fromgetmarriedbe marriedbecomebe diebe deadcatch acold have a coldputon wearfinish beover gettoknowknow转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时⑵转化为形容词/副词/介1gettosleep-sleep“be+词/名词”goout-be outclose-beclosedopen—be openleave-make friends-be friendsgetbe awayfall ill-be illget up-be upto/arrive/reach-be in falljoin-be in/beamember ofcome/go一be+相应的介词sleep-be asleepgoto短语school—be inschool是形容
3....Ifs a shame,but Ijust donthavethetime,...不可数名词，羞耻，羞愧，惭愧”，与连用表“可耻的人或事;可惜遗憾的事:shame a.他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧Hefeltno shamefor whathehaddone.你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾Itsashamethat youcan,t stayfor dinner相关短语toon，s shame令人鹿到羞愧的是feel shameat…因♦而感到羞愧无羞耻心羞愧的havenoshame inshame及
4.Many peoplelike ZhongWei regardwith greatinterest howtheir hometownshave changed,regard物动词,…将...视为;把..当做；为介词regard…as・as+n\pron\doingI regardyou asmy bestfriend.We regardhim asour brother.
5.a bit意为“一点儿，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，相当于a little；不可数名词，直接加不可数名词a bitof+a little.瓶子里有点儿水There isabitof/alittlewater inthebottle一点也不.她一点儿也不快乐not abit=not at all Sheis notabithappy常尸.彳也非常累notalittle=very Heisnotalittletired Heisverytired
6.ong theseis ZhangWei,a46-year-old husband and father在三者或三者以上之间汤姆坐在学生之间among Tomsits amongthestudents.在两者之间.汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间between Tomsits betweenMary andFrank一位岁的丈夫和父亲=a46-year-old husband and father462husbandandfather of46years old.是一个复合形容词，特点“一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二four-year-old是数词后的名词用单数形式•汤姆是一个岁的男孩Tom isa1O-year-old boy.=Tom isa boyof10years old10莉莉是一个岁的女孩Lily isan8-year-old girL8【拓展】另一种类似的复合形容词作定语是数词+连字符+名词,或数词+名词的所有格一个为期两个月的假期a two-month holiday=a twomonths holiday步行/开车/骑车分钟的路程Ten-minute walk/drive/ride=ten minuteswalk/drive/ride
10.记忆；回忆，复数形式为动词为记忆，背诵
1979.tomorrow/after...Are yougoingtoreadbe goingto+do在将来某个时间或一般将来时Next.../tonight/in2010He willcomewill/shall+do某段时要做的事tomorrow.Listen!/Look!/now AttheTom iswriting now.beam/is/are+表此时此刻正进行现在进行时moment Theyare lyingon thedoing的动作或状态bed.Hehasslept fortwo发生在过去影响在Already/just/never/ever/主语+days.+have/has现在完成时现在的动作或状态句末，否定和疑问句yet动词过去分词Ihavebeen teachingfor等式Before/twice...Since+8years.时间点时间段for+atthistime/6oclockwas/were表在过去某时间正过去进行时yesterday Hewasreadingatthat4-doing在进行的动作一般过去式When+timelastFriday勇往直前,决不放弃！Keep ongoing andnever giveup!“穿着”,“打扮”人给某人穿衣服、3dress dresssb/oneself dresswelk bedressed indress衣物、打扮，穿上盛装等in+getdresseddress up吉姆太小，还不能给自己穿衣服Jim isn*t oldenough todress himself.是“穿着”的意思，指穿的状态，和类似，但不用于进行时态4have onwear haveon她穿着红裙子She hasa redskirt on.=Hes wearinga redskirt.表示颜色或衣服的词是系表结构，为静态,强调“穿着”“戴着”的状态5be in+穿着白色衣服的女孩是我最好的朋友be in=wear Thegirl inwhite ismybestfriend.听起来【感到恶心\好\不舒服虚弱
15.sound likefeel sick\well\ill beweak感到疲倦口渴饥饿紧张be/get tiredbe thirsty\hungry bestressed outdrinkhot water热水drink enoughwater喝足够的水hot food辣的the hotsun火热的太阳食物healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式healthy,adj健康的stay\keep healthy保持健康=keep ingood health二keepfita healthhealth,n健康problem健康问题a healthylifestyle健康的生活方式
16.too muchhealthy food健康食品+不可数名词;too muchhomework太多家作talk too much说得太多+可数名词复数；太多的…太too manytoo manypeople多的人形容词副词；太太胖much too+much toofat是不可数名词提出建议一则advice giveadvice apieceofadvice建议给某人建议some suggestionsgivesbsome advicetake采纳或听从某人的建议ones advice•建议advise.v advisesb.todosth.He advisedme toreadEnglish every morning.look forward to doingsth.Im lookingforwardtoseeing Tom.名词/代词expect+Theoldman isexpecting hisdaughters visit.expect todosth.I expecttoget a birthdaypresent frommy dad.expect sb.todosth.Do youexpect himto teachyou Englishexpect+从句I expectthat youwill getthere soon.
17.【辨析】expect与look forwardto都有期待的意思n\pron\doing在…方面擅长名词喜欢某物，.喜欢enjoy sth.=like sth.enjoy doingsth做某事=like doingsth玩得高兴，过得愉快=enjoy oneselfhave agood\woederful\great time=have funindoing单数myself yourselfhimself herselfitself对..•有益好处对…有害
18.be goodfor n/pron/doingsth.be badfor对…好be goodtobe good at=do wellin+复数ourselves yourselvesthemselves反身代词的常见搭配:伤了自己自言自语独hurtoneselfsay tooneself byoneself自地，单独地二@优1亲自，为自己高自己for oneselfimprove oneselfillook after照顾自己oneself自学teach oneself=learn byoneself leavesb.by时已某人单独留下onese自己活得自由free oneselfithelp oneself请随便吃/喝to自我介绍introduceoneselfdress oneself给某人自己穿衣服玩的愉快enjoy oneself=have fun=haveagood timelose oneselfin沉迷于反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致
3.我同我的朋友玩的愉快I enjoymyself withmy friendsWeenjoyed ourselvesyesterday.enjoys-enjoyed-enjoying.做某事有困
19.have problems\trouble\difficultv indoingsth难或困难have problemsbreathing呼吸困难haveanosebleed流鼻血有心、脏病陷入困境haveaheart problemget intotroubledifficulty.n.difficultiesdifficult.adj haveask fortrouble自寻烦恼in trouble处于困境trouble with sth在某事上有困难中做某事有困难have problemsdoingsth多亏；由于=名词
20.thanks towith oneshelp=with thehelp of sb=becauseof+thanks foi\・・=Thank youfor+n/Dron/doing••而感because+句子save\lose oneslife挽救丧失生命谢晚餐时做饭at dinnermake dinnerright away立亥U,马上=right now=at once二in aminute makemoney挣钱
21.cut off切除，砍断cut down砍倒，减少cut up切碎cut out删掉，…把••切成…插入，插话割去cut…into cutinfall宾语从...掉下来被某物绊倒off=fall downfrom+fall fall over sthill生病，患病fallasleep入睡fallover跌倒.绊倒fall behind落后,跟不上
22.a bookcalled\named・・・一本口耳・・・的fall inlove with爱上fall into落入书…一本关于…的书a bookabout看一个叫跑男的节目对…watch aprogram calledRunning Manbe interestedin+n\pron\doing感兴趣做出决定决心=take aninterest inmake a decisionmakedecisionsT下决心做某事二makeadecision todosthdecide todosth准备好了做某事为...做准备be readytodosth.be readyfor同…一样（强调完全一样）（反）“不同于…”
23.the same...asbedifferent from与…相似（强调并不完全一样）…对于…是一样的be similartothesame tohavethesame...as...与.••有相同的...My dreamisthesame ashis.登山者登山运动a mountainclimber gomountain
24.mountain climbingclimbdown the mountain（爬）下山climbing去爬山The moneyis runningout.（时间、事物、金钱等）用完;用尽They haverun out ofthewater.
25.Sth run out…（）意为“以便，为了“，不可用完;用尽
26.l so thatSb rimout of….分开，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后,且不用逗号隔开表示前一句所表述的动作的目或动机（是一种可能性），而非事实，在从句中常使用等词从句can/could/will/may/should sothat=inorderthat+.我起得早，以便能赶上早班车Igot upearlysothat I couldcatchtheearly busYoumust gonow sothat youwont belate.He studiedhard sothat hepassed theexam.They climbedhighersothat\inorderthat theymightseefarther.He getsupearlyeverymorningsothathecancatch uptheearlybus.
（2）so+adj\adv+that如此.......以至于…，so是adv,that引导的结果状语从句He spokeso fastthat noone couldunderstand him.My legswere sotired that I wantedto stop.（）引导结果状语从句，后接名词或名词性词组3such…that suchsuch单数可数名词adj such+a\an+adj+复数可数名词不可数名词such+adj+so advso+adj\adv单数可数名词so+adj+a\an+名词so+many\much\few\little+注意
（1）so…that（从句是否定结构）可用..或too...for sbtodo…替换My son is soyoung thathecantgotoschools Mysonistoo youngto gotoschool.（）（从句是肯定结构）可用…替换2so…that enough for sbtodo…He ranso slowlythatIcouldcatchup withhim.=He ranslowly enoughformeto catchup withhim.
27.l）be\get\bec（）me used to+n\pron\doiiig习惯于适应于・••You willget used totheweather here.In theend,Igotused todoing hardwork.I amused togetting upearly.Im used to eating school food.Im notused toeating schoolfood.Areyouusedtoeatingschoolfood）被用来做某事）2be usedtodosth.=be usedfor doingsth.This knifeis usedto cutbread.3usedto过去常常做某事或dosth.“didnt usedtousednot toIusedtogo fishinginthepool infrontofmy house.We usedto drawpictures badly.I didntuse togo fishing.=I usednttogo fishing.Didyouuse togofishing28・Its+形+for sb・+todosth•做某事对某人来说是・・•的.做某事很重要Its importanttodosth平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its importantformetoeata balanceddiet.做某事是容易的Its easytodosth找出答案对我们来说是容易的Ws easyfor usto findouttheanswer.（常用的词有等人品词语Its+adj+ofsbtodosth.ofsbfriendly,cute,clever,foolish,nice足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）
29.enough.adj.enough+n=n+enoughI donthave enough money withme.There wasenough rainlast year.足够；充分adv.adj/adv+enough Theriverisdeep enoughfor swimming.He runsquickly enough.【记】Mr.Smith hasenoughmoney,but heisnt kindenough tohelpothers.adj\adv+enough+（for+n\pr（m+）todosth.•••足够.••做某事The boxis lightenoughforthe boyto carry.意为躺我发现他躺在地上
30.lie Ifound hewas lyingontheground.【拓展】）位于.一座寺庙位于山顶上1lie Atemple liesonthetop ofthemountain）加作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，加也可用作名词，意为“谎言”2直到…He wentshopping afterhe gotup.=He didntgo shoppinguntil/before hegotup....until/till（肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayedhere till/until12oclock.在困境中
①动词+副词赠送分发，发放giveawaygive out=hand outstayup熬夜put turnoff\on关掉、打开cheer up二make...happier使••高兴/振作fix up修理up张贴pick upclean up打扫干净hold useup用光get up起床make up构成look up查询fix up捡起put off推迟up举起/耽搁set修理set off出发hand in上交giveup放弃look out小心up=establish建立think findout查明takeoff脱下/起飞write down写下over仔细思考tryonturn down\up关小调大音量这种结构有时相当于试穿戴（衣/帽）及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后切碎cut upthreeapples=cut threeapples up=cut themup动词分为及物动词和不及物动词及物动词+听说想起/想出hearofthinkof宾语，不及物动词不加宾语照顾/照看/喜欢支付care forpay for
②动词+介词听看listentolook at相信/信仰谈到/说到believe intalk of收到…来信属于hear frombelong to考虑/思考照顾think aboutlook after与…•相像等待take afterwait for谈到/谈论和…交谈talk abouttalk with\to
③动词+副词+介词get这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语避免outofget away继续用完/耗尽面对goonwith runoutofface upto逃脱with keepaway期待盼望追上赶上提出/想look forwardto catchup withcome up with远离
④动词+名from出取得进展〃与.,相处跟上/不落后get alongwith keepup withlook down词（介词）takethe轻视，蔑视参力口散步发生on take partintakeawalk takeplace take代替placeof makefun照料抓住做决定试一下careofcatch holdof makeadecisionhaveatry tell取笑ofmakemistakes撒谎注意给…腾地方aliepay attentionto makeroomformakeafriend with犯错看havealookat与…交朋友与••交谈喝——点haveaword withhaveadrink ofhavearest一看
⑤be+形容词+介词短语be similarto与…相似be goodfor对…有好处belatefor迟至U beangrywith生气be fondof喜欢缺乏骄傲/自豪be shortofbepound ofbestrict with对......严格要求忙于某事及巳be busywithsthbusy doingsth擅长begoodat担心.••二be worriedabout+n\pron\doing worryabout使我高兴（）使（某人）高兴、振作
2.cheer sb.up cheermeup休息打扫（动词+副词）.打扫，清洁清扫日clean updeamup.n CleamupDay
3.homeless.adj.无家可归的a homelessboy一个无家可归的男孩home.n.家useless无用的无望的粗心的无助的没完没了的hopeless carelesshelpless endless
4.sick.adj•生病的（作表语定语）a sickboy作定语The boyis sick.作表语.生病的（作表语不能作定语）一坏男孩作表语ill.adj anill boyThe boyis ill.illness.n.
5.volunteer todo・v.志愿效劳/主动贡献volunteer可数n.志愿者自愿花时间干…志愿日volunteer onestimetodosthVolunteer Day提出想出（主意等）=实现
6.come upwith thinkup come up cometrue赶上/追上/跟上二赶上/追上加油with catchupwithcome on来到…面前过来/顺便来访/拜访进入，进来come upto comeover comein/into出来/开花/（书等）出版走近/走上前来梦想成真come outcomeupadreamcometruecomeacross（偶然）发现come back回来二beback下来come down赶快，加油come on来自,出生于走吧，过来快点come from=be fromcome along来来去去come andgo打电话打电话能/会call upmakeatelephone callbe abletodo=can douseup sth=runoutof=don，thaveany moresth.用完;用尽be unabletodo不能/不会
7.keep.v•“保持••（持续的）状态+・adj/adv/prep/doing..继续做某事（无间断）使某人一直做某事keep doingsth keep sbdoingsth一直继续做某事（有间断）叩赶上keep ondoingsthkeupwith（Hewasin greatpain buthe kepton workingIm sorryto havekept youwaiting fbrso long,keep sb./）（使某人）保持某种状态sth.+adj Youshould keepquiet.Keep healthy.介词短语.使…处于某种状态keep sb./sth.+He keepsathomebecause itis hot..阻止做某事开商店keepsb./sth.from doingsthsb/sth keepa shop花费人时间/钱+（）
8.+spend/spends/spent+indoingsth人时间/钱（）+spend/spends/spent++onsthspend timewithsb（）I spentadayvisiting Beijing.She spent2hours indoing herhomework.He spendstoomuchtime onthe computergames.I spent3years onEnglish.钱A+pay/pays/paid++forsthI pay10yuan forthebook.I paid5000yuan forthe computerlastweek.时间It takes/took sb+dosthIt takeshim3hours todo hishomework.物钱+cost/costs+sb+A newcomputer costsmealotofmoney.This jacketcost him200dollars.cost⑴V,花费价值（多少钱）Howmuchdid itcost（）成本，费用，价钱.不惜任何代价；以..为代价.2n,atallcosts atthe costofspendf spentfspent•payf paidf paid,costf costfcost,take—took ftaken9・make it+adj+forsb+todosth使某人做某事成为•…作形式宾语的常见句型（）it think\find\make it+adj+forsb+todosth.我觉得跟你谈话很困难I findit difficultto talkto you对.••产生影响makeadifference to+n\pron\doing对…没有影响做些公告牌make nodifference tomakesomenotices谢谢做某事
10.thank youfor doing=thanks fordoingsth.谢谢做帮助我Thank youfor helpingme每个,各自的（强调第一个人或事物的个别情况）常与连用:each ofeach ofus/them每个，每一个的,一切的（则有“全体”的意思）不能与连用eveiy of参加（指参加团体、组织）入党join jointhe Party参加（（指参加活动）参加运动会takepartintakepartinsports meeting•感觉/感触一种强烈的…感…有…感觉.感
11.feeling na strongfeeling of…getafeeling offeel v觉.常见的连系动词一状态be；二保持keep,stay；三变化get,become,turn;四感官look,sound,smell,taste；再加一感觉feel.feel luckytodosth觉得做某事幸运火车.训练一只经过特殊训练的狗
12.train.n.train.v aspecial traineddog.训练某人、某物做某事在某方面训练培养某人train sb\sth.todotrain sbin sthShe trainsher dog她训练她的狗去取东西to fetchthings.立亥!|/马上at once=right away=rightnow=inaminute马上去做我马上去那里Do itatonce.Ill gothere atonce/rightaway.有一天（指将来/过去）有一天我去了北京one dayOne dayI wentto Beijing.有一天（指将来）有一天我将去北京some daySome dayril goto Beijing.（）帮助…做事/解决难题（摆脱困境）
13.l help sb.outI can，twork out thismath problem.Please helpme out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请…
（2）helponeself（tosth）随便吃喝⑶can help doing忍不住做帮助某人做某事4help sb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助做某事help himto studyhelphimwith Englishhelpdohelp study⑸withthehelp ofsb.=with oneshelp在某人的帮助之下没有在…的帮助之下帮助一,有帮助的6without thehelp ofhelp.v helpfuLadj计划做某事.制订计划做某事从句
14.plan todo makeplans todosthplan+我计戈去北京I plantogoto Beijing.=I planthatIwill gotoBeijing.ll.尤指长途旅行/行程所花时间路程长，不一定回到原出发地指到各地观
15.journey.il tour光、考察，中途有停留点，绕行后再回到原出发地.泛指一切陆水空的旅行，尤指国外traveLn”旅行，无目的地，有各地游历之意.指一去一回的短途旅行一【名词】旅行者trip.n travelaroundtheworld traveler不但…而且…用来连接两个并列的成分
16.not only...but also…引导以开头的句子往往引起部分倒装1not only...but also...是倒装句也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态2Not onlydo Ifeel goodbut also....动词放在主语的前面我不仅能做到而且做得最好Not onlycanIdoitbut alsoIcando best..接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化就近原则.3Not only...but also..Not only不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫Lily but also youlike cat..不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫Not onlyyou butalso Lilylikes cat常见的就近原则的结构有.即不...也不...两者者不©Neither...nor..B Neitheryou norI likehim.
②Either...or...不是…就是・・・两者中的一个Either Lilyoryouareastudent.
③Not only...butalso...©There beThereisa bookand twobags inthe desk.There arethree orangesandawatermelon here.疑问代词what,who,which地问副词:where,when,why,how疑问词+动词不定式
17.howtocare foranimalsI dontknow whattodo.I dontknow howtodoit.I cantdecide whento start.I amthinkingabouthowtodeal withtheproblem..多修饰人激动的/感到兴奋的.多修饰物令人兴奋的
18.excited.adj exdting.adj beexcited二把某物给看疑问词给某人示范…show sbsth showsthtosbsbshow sb++todosth对•.感到兴奋激动对做某事感到兴奋about beexcited todosth…告知去..的路带领参观某地show sbthe waytosbshowsbaround spsb出现露面炫耀show upshow offon showmagic shows
20.workout.v.+adj.workout fine=workoutwell
①结局，结果为.他提出的这个策略效果很好The strategiesthathecame upwith worked outfine为…工作;为….效力在外面工作work forwork outside
②算出，制订出，消耗完精力等他制订了一个计划He workedoutaplan.,他好像永远不会疲乏似的He neverseems tobe workedout我已经算出了我们总的费用Ihaveworkedoutour totalexpenses.忙于/从事于忙于搬山work onwork onit workon movinga mountain
21.hang out闲荡，闲逛hang outwith friends和朋友一起闲逛hang・hung・hiiiig.我喜欢和我的朋友同去购物中心闲逛Iliketohangoutatmall withmyfriends。
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