初中定语从句总结用法大全

定语从句走进中考定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下

1.掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that，which»who»whom»whose作主语、表语和定语的用法，

2.掌握关系副词when where»why引导定语从句的用法；

3.掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；；

4.掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同

5.掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的选择问题思维导图E.先行词前有the only，the very等修饰时e.g.:This is the verydictionary thatI wantto buy.After thefire,the oldcar wasthe onlythie,that heowned.注意，当主语是以here there开头且先行词是指物的名词时,用that而e.g.Here is the Ik thatyou arelooking for.不用which引导口诀记忆，，，，只用that的情况the onlythe verythe sameno any先行词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数2只用which不用that的情况A.关系代词前有介词且指物时e.g.:r mlooking fora containerin which I canput allthese peaches.A zoois apark in which manykinds ofanimals arekept forexhibition.B.先行词本身就是that时e.g.:I dont likethat which he did.What isthat which is onthe groundC.引导非限定性定语从句时非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开e.g.:Football,whichisa veryinteresting game,is playedall overtheworld.Their housewas washedaway bythe floods,which madethem sad.另限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间的关系密切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后不影响主句的意义3定语从句中的主谓一致这里指关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数e.g.:The man whoplaying footballis myPE teacher.1love singerswho writetheir ownmusic.要点提升“One of+复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“the only/very/right one of+复数可数名词”充当先行词时5定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式e.g.:Tom isoee ofthe studentswho wereawarded.Tom isIhe onlyoneofthe studentswho wasawarded.4“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择A.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断一般定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；如果是不及物动词就用关系副词e.g.:This isthe factorythat/whichIvisited last year.This isthe factorywhere I used towork.〃、贴士定语从句中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则弄清楚它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之则用关系代词B•根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断分析定语从句缺失何种成分主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语，如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词e.g.:Is thisthe museumthat/which youvisited afew daysagoVisited后面缺少宾语Is thisthe museumwhere theexhibition washeldWas held后面缺少地点状语5“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中个关系代词可用which，whose，whosewhom，不可以用that和who该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定e.g•:This isthe houseof whichI spoke.Is thisthe carfor whichyou paida highpriceThis isthe camerawith whichhe oftentakes photos.This isthe pilotby whommy sonwas saved.注意介词在定语从句句尾，可以省略作宾语的关系代词，而如果介词在定语从句前面时，不能省略作宾语的关系代词重点提醒有些“动词+介词”如look for,look aftercal1on等不可拆Xe.g.:It isthe bookfor whi暂she waslooking.which she was开，不可把介词置于关系代词之前looking for/the babiesaf^er whomnurses arelooking arevery healthy.Xwhom thenurses are小贴士“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择可根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定e.g.:r11never forgetthe timeduring which二during thetime Ispent mychi1dhood inthe country.定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整概念和位置代语从句位置、概I先行词和关系词引导念及构成that定语从句的构成弓|which语从句引导|who,whom弓whose I定语从句弓|导whenII关系副词引导的定|弓|导where语从句引导whyT用不用thatwhich的情况［用不用which.尼语从句使用的注■■定语从句中的主谓意事项一致■I I..I系代词和关系副词的区别介词+关系代词

1.定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词故，又称为形容词从句（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）e.g.:Do youknowthe girlwho issinging onthe stageThisisthemuseum whichwas builtlastyear.

2.先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词定语从句一般放在先行词的后面引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；e.g.:The manwho hasan umbrellain hishand ismy uncle.先行词关系代词（在从句中做主语）The trainhas justleft isfor Shenzhen.先行词关系代词（做主语）先行词关系副词（地点状语）Let sfind a place wecan havea picnic.关系代词二连接词+代词定语从句的构成He hasa car.+The carhas7seats.==He hasa carand ithas7seats.二二He hasa carwhich has7seats.The hotelis very clean.+We stayedhere.==The hotelwhere westayed wasveryclean.We meta man.+The mandirected us to the factory.=We meta manand hedirected usto thefactory.=We meta manwho directedustothefactory.

3.关系代词引导的定语从句出题点A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；B指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词引导定语从句的关系代词that»which，who，whom»whose，主要用法如下表格先行词主语宾语所有格人Who/that Whom/that Whose事物、动词Which/that Which/that Whose人+动物that that人+事物关系代词与普通代词的区别普通代词只起替代作用关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用i.That引导的定语从句That可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语作宾语时可以省略作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用which指人用whome.g.:Views thatare entirelynew mayalso behard toaccept.We needa personthat isright forthe job.The picturethat weare studyingwas drawnby afifteen-year-oldstudent.ii.Which引导的定语从句Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语作宾语的关系代词which可以省略放介词后除外e.g.:The riverwhich runsthrough thecenter ofthe citywas pollutedseriously.The storywhichhetold wasvery popular.The housein whichIusedto livehas becomea shoeshop.iii.Who，whom引导的定语从句二者都用于指人Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略介词后作宾语的关系代词除外e.g.:——We areproud ofMo Yan.—Yes.He isa greatwriter whowon theNobel Prizein Literaturein

2012.e.g.:Her sistermarried amanwho/whom shemet ona plane.注意先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时，定语从句中的关系代词用血）e.g.:God helpsthose whohelp themselves.自助者天助之重点提醒whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时,不能用who代替e.g.:The personyou justtalked is口0©5错（误）to who应该为to whom或者可以这样表达The personwhn/whnm_yon justtalked tois Deep.（正确）在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替iv.Whose51导的定语从句Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语e.g.:Do youknow thegirl whoseJapanese isexcellentlike ar whosewindow looksout overthe sea.重点提升:有时“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which/whom或者of which/whom+限定词+名词”来替代e.g.:He livesin ahouse whosewindows facesouth.===He livesin ahouse whosewindows facesouth.===He livesin ahouse thewindows of which facesouth.另whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词

4.关系副词引导的定语从句出题点关系副词when，where，why的用法关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略常用的关系副词有when，where，why等选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分Where表示地点的名词地点状语表示时间的名词When时间状语1Reason除因状语Whye.g.I remember.+We first met then^the day==I remember the daywhen wefirstmet.关系副词作时间状语，相当于on which1when引导定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词此时时常可用on which，in which，during which等替代e.g.:April thefirst isthe daywhen peoplemake funof others.I stillrememberthetime whenI firsttravelled byplane.注意当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when°2where引导的定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作状语它的先行词常为place，house，country等表示地点的名词此时常可以用inwhich，at which等替代e.g.:Last yearmy parentswent tothe farmwhere theyworked30yearsago.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于inwhichKeep the•ks inwhere-you canfind themeasily.aplace宪行词类条副词作地点状语，才目当于at which3why引导的定语从句why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，此时常可以用for which来代替e.g.:I knowthe reasonwh^she leftyou.生行词关一副词作庾因状语Please tellme the reason whyshe iscrying sobadly.注意先行词是thereason，关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或which引导°

5.定语从句中的注意事项出题点A.只用that不用which的情况B•只用which不用that的情况C定语从句中的主谓一致D-“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择1只用that不用which的情况；A•先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时先行i司是anything,everything,nothing,few，all,none,little,some等或者由every，any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时关系代词用that不用which°e.g.:Have youtaken downeverything thatMr.Li hassaidAny manthat doesn，t havea senseof dutycan,t dothe thingwell.B.先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时e.g.:The firstthing mybrother isgoing todo thisafternoon isto studythatphysics.I havefound thebest waythat couldfinish thetest.C.先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时e.g.:He waswatching filledwith thecar.the childrenand parcelsthatJack tookphotographs ofthu thingsHnd thathewasinterested in.D.当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.:Whc isthe personihat isstanding atthe gateWhichisthebike thatyou lost。