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初中英语知识点汇总初一年级上IL Whats…plus…?Its….【知识梳理】
1.11think...
13.Whos thisThis is....重点短语I.
14.What canyou seelean see---.
1.Sit down
15.There is are....
2.on duty
16.What colouris itare theyIts Theyre...
3.in English
17.Whose...is thisIfs....
4.have aseat
18.What timeis it Its....
5.at home交际用语III.
6.look like
1.Good morning,Miss/Mr....
7.look at
2.Hello!Hi!
8.have a look
3.Nice tomeet you.Nice tomeet you,too.
9.come on
4.How are you Imfine,thankyou/thanks.And you
10.at work
5.See you.See youlater.
11.at school
6.Thank you!Youre welcome.
12.put on
7.Goodbye!Bye!
13.look after
8.Whats yourname Myname is....
14.getup
9.Here you are.This way,please.
15.go shopping
10.Whos onduty today重要句型II.
11.Lefs do.
1.helpsb.dosth.
12.Let mesee.
2.What about...重要语法IV.
3.Lets do sth.动词的用法;
1.be
4.Its time to do sth.人称代词和物主代词的用法;
2.
5.Itstime for...名词的单复数和所有格的用法;
3.
6.Whats...It is.../Its...冠词的基本用法;
4.
7.Where is...Its….句型的用法
8.How oldare youIm....
5.There be
9.What classareyou inIm in....
10.Welcome to....【名师讲解】表示在某个空间的范围以内,表示在某一个物体的表面之上in on例如树上有只鸟墙上有张图There is a birdin the tree.There is a pictureon thewall.
2.this/that/these/those在表示空间位置时,常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,是的复数形式常常用来1this thesethis that指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,时的复数形式例如those that You look in thisbox and你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子I II lookin that oneover there,我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆I wantthis car,not thatcar.请把这些书拿到他房间去Take thesebooks to his room,please.这个是我的,那个是你的This ismine;that syours.这些是苹果,那些是橘子These areapples;those areoranges.⑵在打电话的用语中,常常指的是我,常常指的是对方例如:this that我是玛丽你是谁?This isMary speaking.Whos that
3.There be/have我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校I hearsome foreignstudents willvisit our school.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影I hearthere is going to be afilm inourschoolthis evening.・・・
8.Let s/Let us---和都表示“让我们……”,如果包括听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用Let s-Let us-us shallwe.如果不包括听话人在内,其含义不同,…的附带问句要用例如:us Letus willyou Letsgo shopping,shall我们去购物好吗we
9.take/bring/carry/get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思,但含义有所不同意为“带走”,“拿走”,take bring意为“带来”,“拿来”,表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”,不强调方向,get carry带有负重的意思试比较.我父母常常带我到那里去度假My parentsoften takeme there on holidays我准备带你去北京请给我端杯茶来I m going to take youto Beijing.Bring mea cupof tea,please.明天我把那本书给你带来服务III bringthe bookto youtomorrow.The waitercarried themeto the table员把肉送到桌上猴子把那个包背在背上The monkeycarried the bag onher back.She wentback together.他折回去拿他的手提包,让我去请医生吧handbag Let me getthe doctor
10.far away/faraway是一个副词短语,意思是“很远”例如.有些离得1far awaySome arefar away.Some arenearer很远,有些离得近一些的那个村子离这儿很远The villageis faraway from here.⑵是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”,可以在句中作定语例如faraway他住在一个遥远的小山村He livesin farawaymountain village.
11.find/look for和都有“找”的意思,但含义不同强调“找”的结果,而强调“找”的过find look for findlook for程请看下列例句他在找他的自行车He is looking for his bike.Im looking for mywatch,but cant find.我在找我的手表,但是找不到希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指itI hope youwill soonfind yourlost ring.另外,还有“发现”;“感到”等意思例如我在课桌里发现了一个find Ifound awallet in the desk.钱包我觉得这本书很有意思I findthis bookvery interesting.
12.in front of/in the front of表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范围内表示在某物的前部,在某物的范围内In frontof Inthe frontof试比较:J我的座位在玛丽座位的前面My seatis in frontofMary s..他和司机坐在小车的前部He issitting in thefrontof the car withthe driver初二年级(中)【知识梳理】
9.all theyear round重点短语I.
10.later on
1.give aconcert
11.at times
12.ringsb.up
2.fall down
13.Happy NewYear!
3.go on
14.have aparty
4.at theend of
15.hold on
5.go back
16.hear from
6.in ahurry
17.be ready
7.write down
18.at themoment交际用语III.
1.Whats the weather like today
19.takeout
1.1t,s cold,but quitesuuny.
20.the sameas
3.How coldit istoday!
21.turn over
4.Yes,but ifllbe wannerlater on.
22.get-together
5.Shall wemake asnowman
23.put on
6.0k.Come on!
24.take aseat
25.wait for
7.Happy NewYear!
26.get lost
8.May Ispeakto Ann,please
27.just then
9.Hold on,please.
10.Thanks a lot forinviting meto yourparty.
28.first ofall
29.go wrong
11.Ok.But Imafraid I maybe a little late.
12.Can Itake amessage foryou
30.make anoise
31.get on
13.Thats OK.It doesn^matter.
32.get off
14.Tm verysorry,but I cant come.
33.stand inline
15.Tm sorryto hearthat.
34.at thehead of
16.Happy birthday!
35.laugh at
17.Would you like...Would you like to...
36.throw about
18.D0you think...Yes,I think so./No,I dont think so.
37.in fact
19.Do you agree Yes,I agree./No,dont reallyagree.I reallycant agree.
38.at midnight
20.There area few/a lotof.../on it.
39.enjoy oneself
21.So dowe.
40.have aheadache
22.Im happyyou like it.
41.have acough
23.Which is the way to please
42.fall asleep
24.Turn right/left at the...crossing.
43.again and again
25.Go onuntil youreach...
44.look over
26.How canI get to...Go down/up/along this road.
45.take exercise
27.Whats thematter重要句型II.
28.ltll takeyou half an hourto...
1.be good for sth.
29.We*d bettercatch abus.
2.I think...
30.lt may be in...Ah,so it is
3.1hope...
4.1love...
31.You must be morecareful!
1.1dont like...
32.You mustntcross the road now.
6.Fm sure...
33.If you want tocross astreet,you mustwait for the greenlight.
7.forget todosth.
34.Please standinline.
8.take amessage for sb.
35.You mustwait foryour turn.
9.givesb.the message
36.lf you dont gosoon,youll belate.
10.help yourselfto sth.
37.I dontfeel verywell.
11.be famousfor sth.
38.My headhurts.
12.on oneswayto...
39.You mustnteat anythinguntil you see the
13.make oneswayto...一般过去时;
1.doctor.反意疑问句的用法;
2.
40.Whats thetrouble一般将来时;
3.
41.Whats thematter with...感叹句;
4.
42.She didntfeel likeeating anything.简单句的五种基本句型;
5.
43.Nothing serious..情态动词和的用法;6can,may must,have to
44.Have/get apain in...时间状语从句和条件状语从句
7.
45.No problem.
46.Take thismedicine threetimes aday.重要语法IV.
1.above/over/on这三个介词都表示“在……之上”,但含义不同指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;指在某on above物的上方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触over试比较,课桌上有一本书There is a bookon thedesk我把右手高举过头I raisemy righthand abovemy head.可面上有座石桥There is a stonebridge overthe river.
72.forget todosth./forget doingsth.意思是“忘记做某事”,实际上还没做;意思是“忘记做过某事”,实forget to dosth.forget doingsth,际上已经做过了试比较我忘记告诉他这条消息了I forgotto tell him the news..我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了I forgot telling himthe news类似的词还有等remember,regret
3.hope/wish和在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同主要区别如下hope wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;只能用来表示可能实现的愿望例如1wish hope我但愿自己能年轻二十岁I wishI were20years younger.我希望你能很快好起来Ihope youII bebetter soon.但愿天气不这麽冷I wishtheweatherwasnt socold.我希望他也能来Ihopehe willcome,too.可以接的结构,而不可以例如2wish sb.todosth.hope你是否希望我再来?Do youwish meto come back later
4.be sure todosth./be sure of/about sb.or sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”,也可以用来表示说话人1be sureto dosth.做出的推断,意思是“一定”,“肯定”例如你离开时务必把门锁好Be sureto lockthe doorwhen youleave.这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的It sa goodfilm.You aresuretoenjoy it.可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”例如2be sureof/about sb.or sth.我相信他会成功I msureofhis success.也我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握I think it wasthree years ago,but Im notsure about
5.hear from/hear of意思是“听到,从哪里听到要用来表示例如hear from我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训Ive heardfrom XiaoWu thatweII startout militarytraining tomorrow.听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容Listen to the tapeand writeout what you hear from HanMei.还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”例如hear from=receive aletter from sb.我上周接到了她的来信I heardfromherlast week.和和含义不同意思是“听说”,“得知”某事或某人的存在,常用在疑hear ofhear fromhear of问句和否定句里例如.他是谁?我从来没有听说过他Who ishe Ive never heard ofhim Inever heard这样的事我从来没有听说过of such a thing!
6.If sa pleasure./With pleasure.这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”例如It sa pleasure谢谢你地帮助那是我乐意做的—Thank you for helpingme.---It sa pleasure..非常感谢再见一那是我乐意做的再见—Thanks alot ByeIt sa pleasure.类似的话还有n“Not at all.”“You arewelcome.That sall right.”也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合例如With pleasure请你把报纸递给我好吗?—Will you please passme thenewspaper,please当然可以—With pleasure.
7.seem/look⑴二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近seem事实;着重强调由视觉得出的印象两者都可跟形容词和从句如look t be+as ifHe seems/looks他今天看起来很高兴to be very happytoday.好像要下雨了It looksseems asif itit isgoing to rain.⑵但下列情况中只用不用seem look后跟不定式时如他似乎知道答案1t dHe seemsto know the answer.在结构中如他像比昨天高兴些了2It seemsthat...It seemsthat he is happiernow thanyesterday.
8.be ready to do/be ready for/get ready to do/get readyfor和…表示“已作好…的准备”,强调状态1be readyto dobe readyfor和…表示为…做准备”,强调行为如2get readyto doget readyfor我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事Im readyto doanything you want meto do.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题Im readyfor anyquestions youmay ask.他正准备动身去东京Hes gettingreadytoleave forTokyo.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧Lets getreadyfor the hardmoment.通常可理解“乐于做某事”,即思想上总是有做某事的准备表示“不3be readyto dobe not readyto do轻易做某事如.他通常不轻易听从别人Hes usuallynotreadyto listen to others
9.at table/at the table在吃饭,在桌子旁边例如格林一家人在吃饭at tableat thetable TheGreens areat table.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书Mr.Black issitting at thetableand readinga book.
10.reach,arrive/get to三者都有“到达”之意是及物动词,后直接加名词,和是不及物动词,不能直接加reach get arrive名词,须借助于介词后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,去掉;+小地方,get toto arrive at arrive in+大地方如:露西点前到了动物园Lucy gotto thezoo before8oclock.8你父母何时到上海的?When didyour parentsarriveinShanghai我到家时天色已晚It waslate whenI gothome.
11.sick/ill二者都是形容词当“生病的,患病”之意时,川只作表语,不作定语;而既可作表语也可作sick定语有”呕吐,恶心”的意思,只能作表语,而川无此意如sick只作表语李磊上周生病了作定语他是病人不能Li Leiwas illlast week.Hes asick man.说成(作表语)我祖父去年病了一个月Hes anill man.My grandfatherwas sickfor amonth last year.
12.in time/on time是“及时”的意思,是准时,按时”如我没有及时in time0ntime I didn*t get to thebus stopin time.赶上汽车我们要按时完成任务Well finishour jobon time.
13.may be/maybe也许在你里边的口袋里第一句中It may be in your insidepocket.=Maybe itis inyour insidepocket.may是情态动词动词构成的谓语部分,意思是“也许是“,“可能是“;第二句中的是副be+be maybe词,意思是“可能”,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词再如perhaps Maybe you put it0,也许你放在了那只包里不能说in thatbag Youmaybe putit.那可能是顶帽子不能说或inthatbag.It may be ahat It maybe ahat.It maybe isahat.
24.leave....behindI.重点短语
25.come along
1.on time
26.hold asports meeting
2.out of
27.be neckand neck
3.all by oneself
28.as...as
4.lots of
29.not so/as...as
5.no longer
30.do onesbest
6.get back
31.take partin
7.sooner orlater
32.a momentlate
8.run away
33.Bad luck!
9.eat up
34.fall behind
10.take careof
35.high jump
11.turnoff
36.long jump
12.turn on
37.relay race
13.after awhile
38.well done!
14.make faces
39.takeoff
15.teach oneself
40.as usual
16.falloff
41.a pairof
17.play thepiano
42.at once
18.knock at
43.hurry off
19.to onessurprise
44.come tooneself
20.look up
45.after awhile
21.enjoy oneself
49.set off
13.Did heenjoy himself
50.here andthere
14.Help yourselves.
51.on watch
15.Bad luck!
52.lookout
16.Come on!
53.take onesplace
17.Well done!Congratulations to...!重要句型II.
18.It must beveryinteresting.
1.Wed betternot dosth.
19.I dontthinkyou911likeit.
2.leave one.oneself
20.It seemsto be an interestingbook.
3.find oneswaytoa place
21.Im surethat...Im notsure if...Im notsurewhat to...
4.stand onones head
5.makesb.Happy
22.1hope so.
23.What washe/she drawingwhen...
6.catch up with sb.
24.Im sonyto troubleyou.
7.pass onsth.to somebody
25.Would youplease...
8.spend timedoingsth.
9.go ondoingsth.
26.What wereyou doingat tenoclock yesterdaymorning
10.get onwell with sb.
27.You looktired today.
11.be angry with sb.
28.Youd bettergoto bedearly tonight,if you
12.be fedupwith sth.can.
13.not...until...
29.How kind!
14.make roomforsb.交际用语III.
30.Lets movethebag,or itmay causean accident.
1.Were allby ourselves.
31.Its reallynice ofyou.
2.Ifell a little afraid.
32.Dont mention it.
33.Dont crowdaround him.
3.Dont be afraid.重要语法IV.
4.Help!
5.Cant youhear anything不定代词/副词的运用;
1.
6.I canthearanything/anybody there.反身代词的用法;
2.
7.Maybe itsatiger.并列句;
3.
8.Lets getit backbefore theyeat thefood.形容词和副词的比较等级;
4.
9.Did shelearn allby herself冠词的用法;
5.
1.Could sheswim whenshe was...years old
1.bring/take表示“带来、拿来”,指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”而则表示“拿Bring take去、带走”,它表示的方向与相反,指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”如bring把那本书给我拿来Bring methe book,please.给那位老人带去些食物Take somefood to the old man.
2.somebody/anybody/nobody一般说来,用于定句,用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句例如somebody anybody你出来时有人来见你Somebody cameto seeyou whenyou wereout.有人在这岛上住吗?Does anybodylive onthis island我在那儿谁也没看见I didntsee anybodythere.别让任何人进来我太忙,谁也不想见Dont let anybody in.Im toobusy to see anybody.房间里没人There isnobody in the room.谁也没告诉我你病了所以我不知道Nobody toldme thatyou wereill,so Ididn*t knowabout it.
3.listen,listen to,hear这三个词意思都是“听”,但是它们的用法不完全相同它们的区别在于只用于不及物动词,后面接人或人物做宾语,着重于“倾听”,指的是有意识的动作,至于1listen是否听到,并非强调的重点如听!有人在教室唱歌Listen!Someone issinging in the classroom.为的及物形式,后面一定要接人或物做宾语,这里的是介词如2listen tolisten to你喜欢听轻音乐吗?Do you like listeningto lightmusic可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意思是“听到、听见”,指用耳朵听到了某个声音,3hear表示无意识的动作,着重于听的能力和结果如,我们用耳朵听We hearwith ourears Shelistens but.她听了听,但是什么也没有听见hears nothing
4.many/much/a few/a little/few/little修饰可数名词,修饰不可数名词;都表示许多例如他有许多书1many muchHe hasmany books.他喝了许多牛奶He drankmuch milk.和都表示“有一点儿”,侧重于肯定,相当于“但修饰可数名词,修饰2a fewa little some”,a fewa little不可数名词,例如.他在伦敦有一些朋友He hasa fewfriends inLondon.喝点咖啡好吗?好的,只要一点Would you like somecoffee Yes,just alittle和表示几乎没有”,侧重否定后接可数名词,后接不可数名词例如3few littlefew littleHe isa strange他是个怪人,他几乎不说什么话man.He hasfew words.赶快,没什么时间了Hurry up,there islittle timeleft.
5.either/neither/both可作形容词,一般指”两者中的任何一个”有时也可表示两个都……”的意思,后跟名词的either单数形式;指两者中没有一个,全否定;指两者都,肯定句中可作主语、宾语和定语,neither:both:后面应跟名词的复数形式如.两部电影都不好both Neither of the films is good没有一部是好的两部电影都不错谓语动词用单数Either of the filmsis good.Both theteachers often.这两个老师都常常解答问题answer thequestions
6.take partin/join参加某种活动;参加,加入某一政党或组织例如你能来take partin joinCan youtake partin myparty.参加我的派对吗?我们经常参加学校里的一些活动We oftentake partin manyschool activities.He joined他年入的党我小弟去年参的军the partyin
1963.1963My littlebrother joinedthe armylastyear.
7.quite/rather/very表示程度“很,十分,完全地”,“相当如她对极了1quite She is q3te right那并不完全是我所要的Thats notquite whatI want.表示程度上的“相当”,比预想地程度要大,通常用在不喜欢的情况下如2rather Ifsrather coldtoday.今天的天气相当冷表示程度“很,甚,极其,非常”,用于修饰形容词或副词,既可用在喜欢的情况下,也可3very用于不喜欢的情况下应注意“+形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中,匕”应置于a very之前,该结构相当+形容词+名词”的结构如very”“quite a/an Twomonths is quite a long time./a very两个月是一段很长的时间今天天气很好longtime.lts avery nice day/quite aniceday.初三年级上【知识梳理】
40.begin with重点短语I.
41.right now
1.at themoment
42.as soon as possible
2.used to
43.leave amessage
3.for awhile
44.all kindsof things
4.walk awaywith sth.
45.walk around
5.leave for some place
46.fall asleep
6.sooner orlater
47.wake up
7.pay for
48.go ona trip
8.come upwith anidea
49.have agoodtime
50.take photos
9.think of
10.have atry
51.come out
52.come on
11.all overthe world
53.have afamily meeting
12.be famousfor
13.large numbersof
54.talk about
14.all theyear round
55.go for a holiday
56.go scubadiving
15.no matterwhat
16.give up
57.write down
17.for example
58.byoneself
18.by theway
59.walk along
60.geta chance todosth
19.on business
20.so far
61.have awonderful time
21.come true
62.book aroom
22.set off
63.have anaccident
23.slowdown
64.be interested in
24.go ondoing
65.use sth.todosth.
66.make aTV show
25.wait for
67.be amazedat
26.be proudof
68.take partin
27.beafraidof
69.feed on
28.speak highlyof
70.get outof
29.a yearandahalf重要句型II.
30.halfayear
31.pick up
1.Why dontyoudosth.
32.as soonas
2.makesb.Happy
33.keep...clean
3.borrowsth.from sb.
34.take careof
4.forget todosth.
35.cut down
5.pay frosth.
36.make acontribution to
6.returnsth.To sb.
37.base on
7.learnsth.fromsb.
38.make sure
8.be famousfor sth.
16.It issaid
39.take away
9.No matterwhat...
10.be withsb.
11.go ondoingsth.
12.speak highlyof sb.
13.keep doingsth.
14.allowsb.To dosth.
15.encourage sb.todosth.that...
16.-Could wego scubadiving交际用语III.
17.—Could youtellus howlong weregoing to be
1.――Excuse me,have you got...awayYes,I have.Sorry,I havent.
18.---Lets tryto findsome informationabout it,
2.---Why dontyou...OK—Thanks,I will.
19.—Could youplease tell me howto searchthe
3.—Thanks alot.Thank youvery much.Internet—You arewelcome.
20.--Go straightalong here.
4.—Have youever done...
21.—Please go to Gate
12.---Yesjhave,once.No,never.
22.—Please comethis way.
5.—Fvejust done...
23.-Could youtellmewhatyou think aboutHainan—ReallyIsland
6.—Whats...like
24.-That soundsreally cool!
7.—How longhave youbeen...重要语法IV.-Since...宾语从句
1.
8.—Have youever beento...•现在完成时2---Ive neverbeen there.None of us has./Only...has.一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较
3.
9.---Would you like to have atry—I dont think Ican...
10.—What have you donesince...
11.—How longhaveyoubeen atthis...—For...【名师讲解】
12.—How longhas she/he workedthere...---Shes/Hes workedthere for.../all her/his life.
13.---Im sorryhe isnthereright now.一
14.May Ihelp you
15.—That123456789s verykind ofyou.我]经常力、borrow booksfrom ourschool library.6学校图书馆借书I borrowed this dictionaryfrom my1Maybe/maybe我从老师那儿借来了这本字典teacher.⑴是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常用作maybe是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与时间段borrow状语例如也许你把Maybeyouputit inyourbag.连用它放在包里了Will hecome tomorrow”“Maybe例如错You canborrow myrecorder forthree days.“他明天来吗?”“也许不”not.”误错误l haveborrowedthisbook foronly oneweek.相当于是情态动词与动词搭配2maybemaybe表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通2lend一起作谓语,意思是“也许是…,可能是…”常所说的“借出去”例如Thank youfor lending例如他们可能于九Itmaybe9:00when theyarrive..谢谢你把自行车借给我me yourbike He often lends点至达那人也许是律ij The man maybealawyer.,他经常借钱给他弟弟money tohis brother师与一样,也是一个瞬间完成的动作,lend borrow2borrow/lend/keep/use不能与一段时间连用表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借来后的1borrow3keep通常所说的“借进来”例如保存或使用阶段,是一段持续的时间,因此可We often以与时间段连用例如我的录音机你可以借用三天You cankeep myrecorder forthree days.这本书我才刚借了一星期I have kept thisbook foronly oneweek.也可以当“借用”讲,但它的本意是“用,使用”例如我能借你的44use May I use your ruler尺子用一下吗?他不得不使用这部公用电话He hadto usethis publictelephone.
3.leave/leave for意思是“离开,留下“例如我们两年前离开了上海1leave Weleft Shanghaitwo yearsago..他上周把手机落在出租车里了He lefthis cellphonein thetaxi lastweek意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地例如我们将2leave forWe willleave forTibet nextmonth.于下月去西藏这趟火车即将开往莫斯科The trainis leavingfor Moscow.
4.since/for用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从”例如1since自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了He has been aworker sincehe came into thiscity.自从我们上次在上海见过之后我再也没见过他I havenever seenhim sincewe lastmet inShanghai.作连词,还有“既然”的意思例如既然你对since Sinceyouare interested init,just doit.它感兴趣,那就做吧既然你已经做完了功课,You canhave funnow sinceyouve finished your work.就开心玩会儿吧用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过…”例如2for I have learnedEnglish for我已经学了五年英语了他们已经等了你三十分five years.They havewaited foryoufor30minutes.钟了也可以用作连词,但意思是“因为例如他们for Theymissed theflight for they werelate.由于完到了而误了航班他由于多种原因病倒了He fellill formany reasons.
5.neither/either/both此作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数,例如1ne er这两个男孩都不是来自英国他们两个我都不Neither of the boysis fromEngland.I knowneitherof them.认识用作形容词,也修饰单数名词,意思与作代词时相同;用作连词时,一般与搭配,表示“既rather nor不…也不”作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原则例如她昨天She neitherate nordrank yesterday.既不吃也不喝他和我们星期天都不踢球Neither henor weplay footballon Sundays.此作代词时,是指两者中的任意一方,两者之每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.2e er例如这两本书任何一本都是新的.Either of the booksis new..这两部电影她都不喜欢.She doesnt likeeitherofthefilms作形容词,用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.either例如这两所学校中的任何一所学校都离我家很近.Either schoolis nearmy home..两个问题中的任何一个都难.Either questionis difficult作连词时,一般与搭配,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是…就是作主语时,谓语动词遵either or循就近原则.不是他就是我是对的Either heor Iam right不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我Either mysister ormy parentsare comingtoseeme.作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都”,故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式3both这两个故事我都喜欢我父母两人都是老I likeboth ofthe stories.Both ofmy parentsare teachers.有”,其确切含意为”某处或某时存在某人或某物”其结构是某人或某物+There be”There be+表示地点或时间的状语后面的名词实际上是主语,动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一There bebe致,动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用名词是复数时用例如beis,are1There isa bigbottle桌上有——大瓶子可乐of cokeon thetable.那个盒子里有个娃娃2There isa dollin the box.⑶那树上有许多苹果There aremany appleson the tree.总之,结构强调的是一种客观存在的“有“表示“拥有,占有,具有“,即某人有There behave某物主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系例如sb.have/hassth..我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐4I havetwo brothersand onesister⑸那所房子有四个房间That househas fourrooms.
4.look/see/watch表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以1look提醒对方注意,如瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏Look!The childrenare playingcomputer games.看!那边那个是什么?Look!What sthat overthere单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词才能带宾语,如at,他正在看着我Heslookingat me强调“看”的结果,着重的是这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,是及物动词,后面2see looksee能直接跟宾语如你能在图上看到什么?What canyou seein thepicture看黑板!你看到了什么Look at the blackboard.What didyou seeonit观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,3watch常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等如昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛Yesterday wewatched a football matchon TV.
5.put on//in意为“穿上,戴上”主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词put on是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态在句中可以做定语、标语和状语如in外面冷,穿上你的外衣It scold outside,put onyour coat.他戴上帽子,走了出去He putson his hat andgoes out..穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是的妈妈The womanin awhite blouseis Johns motherJohn
6.house/home/family“房子”,指居住的建筑物;“家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;house Home:Family:“家庭”家庭成员”例如今天下午请到我家来Please come to myhouse this afternoon..他不在家我们全家都起得很早He is not athome Myfamily allget up early.
7.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示“好”之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语主要区别在于指物时表示的是质量上的”精细“,形容人时表示的是“身体健康”,也可以用来指”天气1fine晴朗,例如你父母身体很健康Your parentsare veryfine.那是一台很好的机器.今天是散步的好时候Thafs afine machine.Its afine dayforawalk today2nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有“美好“,“漂亮”的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人例如Lucy looks露西看上去很漂亮那些裙子很好看nice.These coatsare verynice.见到你很高兴.你真好Nice tomeet you.Its verynice ofyou师作形容词时,用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同他的两只胳膊都受伤了both.Both hisarms arehurt.这两个学生都擅长英语Both thesestudents aregood atEnglish.用作连词时,多与搭配,表示“既…又,不仅…而且,作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式both and.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好Both pianoand violin are mybobbies他们既学历史,又学物理They studyboth historyand physics.
6.find/look for/find out强调找的结果,意思是“找到”此外还有“发现,发觉”的意思,后可接宾语从句例如1find吉姆找不着帽子了你找到丢失的钥匙了吗?Jim couldnt findhishat.Have youfound yourlost keys.他发现沿街的灯都亮了He foundthe lightswere onalong the street的意思为“寻找”,指的是找的动作而非结果另外,还有“盼望,期待”的意思2look for例如:她正在找她的儿子She islooking forher son.Weve beenlooking for thecarsince earlythis morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车了我期待着即将来临的假期Ilook forthecoming holiday.含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思,后常接较抽象的事物,意思是“找出,发现,3find out查明真相”等例如我能查出谁拿了我的钱Icanfind outwho tookmy moneyaway.你能设法知道飞机何时到吗?Could youfind outwhen theplane arrives
7.forget to do/forget doing⑴是指忘记去做某件事了,即该事还没有做例如forget to do Please dont forget to callthisafternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打电话我身上忘了带零钱了I forgottotake some smallchange with me.是指忘记某件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被忘记了例如2forget doingHe他忘了告诉过我土也址了他们忘了以forgottelling me hisaddress.They forgothaving beenhere before.前曾来过这儿
8.stop doing/stop to do是指停止做某事,即这个动作不再继续例如他们停止1stop doingdoing They stopped debating.了辩论不辩论了由于交通灯变成了红色他He hadto stopdriving asthe trafficlights changedinto red.不得不停车是指停下来开始做另一件事,即停止原先的事,开始做这个动作2stop todo do例如她停下来休息会儿开始休息他们停下来开始She stoppedto have a rest.Theystoppedto talk.交谈
9.except/besides是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的1except不同除我以外的每个人都很激动他们激动,而我却不激动Everyone isexcited exceptme.All the除他以外的所有游客都是日本人其他人是日本人,可他不是visitors areJapanese excepthim.是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示2besides两部分的相似性例如除他以外,还有个学Twenty-five studentswent to the cinemabesides him.25生去看了电影他和另外人都去了除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物25We likebiology besidesEnglish.生物和英语都喜欢还可用作副词,意思是“此外;而且,常用于句首或句尾besides例如他是一名伟大的思想家,除此以外,他还是一He isa great thinker,and besides,he isa politician.位政治家他彳门不仅鼓励我,而且与我以金钱They encouragedme,and theysupported mewith money,besides.上的支持
10.keep doing/keep ondoing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事,中间不间断例如.1keep doingIt keptblowing fora wholeday刮了一整天风了.温度持续下降The temperaturekeeps dropping是指反复坚持做某事,但动作之间略有间隔例如2keep ondoing They havekepton writingto each他们已经互相通信多年了.喝了一些水other formany years.After drinkingsome water,he kepton taking后,他坚持讲话
11.seem/look一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”例如1seem The baby seems婴儿看上去似乎很高兴•他似乎为那件事感到抱歉to behappy.He seemedto besorry forthat能与结构连用,而不能例如似乎要下雨了seem todo lookIt seemstorain.他们似乎已经完成了工作They seemedto havefinished theirwork.在作形式主语的句型中只能用例如.他现在看起来很忙it seemIt seemsthat heisquitebusy now在我看来没什么大不了的It seemsto usthat there is nothingserious.用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据2look的例如这间房看起来很干净那女孩看起来向她的妈The roomlooks clean.The girllooks likeher mother.妈
12.such/so常用作形容词,用来修饰名词例如.别这么傻1such Dont besuch afool他是如此聪明的一个男孩He issuchaclever boy.是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词例如他真好心!2so He is sokind!你为何回来得如此晚?Why didyou comeso late当名词前有等表示多、少时,应该用many,much,few,littleso例如他有如此多的朋友才剩这么一点儿时间!He hasso manyfriends.Only solittle timeis left!
13.either/too/also⑴用作“也”时是副词,常用于否定句句尾either例如她不是日本人,我也不是Sheis not aJapanese,I mnot,Hther.J我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌My sisterdoesn t like this song,Hther.常用于肯定句或疑问句尾,表示“也”2too例如.他也喜欢中国你也在三年级吗?He likesChina,too Are youinGrade3,too也常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中3als例如我们也是学生他也是走着去的We arealso students.He alsowent thereon foot.你也想看看吗?Did youalso want tohave alook
14.if/whether在下列情况下只能用而非隹whether⑴与连用时,只能用or notwhether.我们想知道你是否生病了We want to knowwhether youare illor not.请告诉我们你是否完成了工作Please tellme whetheror notyou havefinishedyourwork.⑵后接动词不定式时,只能用whether..亚当不知道是走还是留Adam didnt knowwhether to go orstay他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐He hasnt decidedwhether tohave dinnerwith me.所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用3whether.我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨Whether itwill rainor snow,we dontmind.我是赢是输她不想知道Whether Iwon orlost,she didnt want to know.引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用4whether.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了The most important waswhether theyhad gone.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密Whether hewill gowithmeisasecret.能引导条件状语从句,表示“如果,假如,而没有此用法if whether如果明天不下雨,我们要进行足球赛WeII have afootballmatch ifit doesntrain tomorrow.我看见他就告诉他I lltellhimif Isees him..如果你遇到危险,请拨打If youreindanger,please call
11011015.cost/spend/pay/take一般用某物来做主语,表示“某物值…、花费…”,既能指花费时间也能指金钱1cost.这辆新自行车花了我三百元The newbike costsme300yuan通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间It willcost youa wholeto readthrough thisbook.还可以用作名词,表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等cost这台电视机的成本是多少钱?What sthe cost of thisTV set他们辛苦地工作换来的成功They succeededat thecostofhard work.一般用某人来作主语,表示“某人花费…,付出…”,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常2spend与搭配,指金钱时常与或搭配in on for我们花了两天时间修理这台机器We spenttwo daysin repairingthis machine.李先生每月花二十美元在书上Mr.Lee spends$20on booksevery month.用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间常与3pay for搭配使用例如他们花了七十元买票They paid70yuan forthe tickets.彳也穷得交不起学费He wastoo poorto payforhisschooling.还可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资”等pay我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去It shard for me tolivewith suchlow pay.也指“花费时间、金钱”,但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语4take it.会议要开多久?我花了几个小时才How longwill themeeting takeIt tookme severalhours to get there.到那儿
16.bad/badly这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思,且它们有共同的比较级和最高级worse worst是一个形容词,意思是“坏的,糟糕的,差的,严重的”1bad例如我并不认为他是一个坏人我的头疼得很I dontthink heisa badperson,I hada badheadache.厉害是一个副词,意思是“不好地,差”,也可以表示程度,意为“严重地,非常,极度”2badly例如我们急需帮助他的胳膊严重受伤了We needhelp badly.His armwas badlyhurt.
17.interested/interesting⑴是指“对…产生兴趣的,对…感兴趣的”,一般用人做主语,后常用介词interested in.例如.他以前对生物感兴趣我对艺术不感He wasinterestedinbiology beforeImnot interestedin art.兴趣的意思是“有趣的”,指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物例如2interesting他是个有趣的老头这个有趣的故事吸引He isan interestingold man.The interestingstory attractedme.了我
18.dead/die/death/dying是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用例如1dead这棵树死了有十年了这些兔子都是死的The treehas beendead forten years.The rabbitsare alldead.是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用例如2die,我爷爷两年前去世了,老人死于癌症My grandpadied twoyearsagoThe old man diedof cancer是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等3death他死后一年,纪念馆建成了The memorialhall wasbuilt oneyear afterhis death.他的死是我们的巨大损失His deathisa great lossto us.是的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”4dying die医生们救活了那个垂死的人The doctorshave savedthe dyingman..可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了The poordog hadno food,it wasdying初三年级(中)
24.on the other hand【知识梳理】
25.on show重点短语I.
26.on display
1.give up
27.in thefuture
2.tryout
28.look up
3.most of
29.Tree PlantingDay
4.not...anymore
30.just right
5.at theage of
31.as oftenas possible
6.at thattime
32.wash away
7.send messageby telegraph
33.in thisway
8.graduate from
34.in afew years*time
9.turn down
35.point to
10.put up
36.thanks to
38.so far
11.at thetop of
39.shutdown
12.get together
40.send up
13.from houseto house
41.put off
14.at theend of重要句型II.
15.on top ofl.set ones mind todosth.
16.as well
2.put...together
17.climb down
3.stop...from...
18.in asingle night
4.keep...from...
19.even though
5.be filledwith sth.
20.live on
6.give birthto
21.once upona time
5.Iwant to...
8.be made of一一
6.—Ihope to...
9.fill...with...
7.—Iplan to...
10.match...with
8.…Im going to...
11.be used for
9.Im sohappy that...一--
12.have nothingtodowith
10.Im glad....一
13.come upwith
11.—me too.
14.no matterhow...
12.—Whats thiscalled inEnglish
15.keepsb./sth.warm
13.—Whats itmadeof交际用语HL
14.—Its madeof...
1.Im tryingto...一一
15.—Whats itusedfor
2.EH...一
16.--Its usedfor...
3.—Which ofthese wouldyoulikemost to...
4.---What doyouwantto...
17.—English iswidely usedfor business/...
18.—It isone ofthe worldsmostimportantlanguages asitisso widelyused.
19.-Where is/are...grown/produced/made
20.-The groundmust bejustright...
21.—Its bestto...
22.—The holeshould notbe toodeep.
23.—The GreatGreen Wallis7000kilometres long,and between400and1700kilometres wide.
24.—The more,the better.
25.—More orless!
26.—The groundmust bejustright...
27.-The holeshould notbe toodeep.掌握以下常见标志
28.ENTRANCE EXITPUSH PULLNO SMOKINGNO PARKINGFRAGILETHIS SIDEUP NOPHOTOS DANGERBUSINESS HOURSPLAYSTOP PAUSEON OFF重要语法IV.动词被动语态的结构和用法;
1.动词不定式的功能和用法
2.【名师讲解】
1.be able to/can都能表示“能够,具备干某件事的能力”这个含义,此时可以互换1Mr.Green isable to finish thework on time.=Mr.Green canfinish thework ontime.格林先生能够按时完成这项工作⑵可以用于各种时态,而为情态动词,多用于现在时,其过去式为be abletcan could我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家We aresure hewill be able tobe anartist whenhe growsup..林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了Miss Linhas beenable topay thecar byherself除了表示“能够,有能力做某事”以外,还有如下用法,而则没有表示请求,4Can beable to但语气没有委婉could我能看看这张图片吗?Can I have alook atthis picture我们可以在下午点之后再离开学校吗?Can weleave schoolafter6:00p.m.6表示可能性那人不可能是我们的新老师That mancantbeour newteacher..考试不会太难The examcantbetoo difficult
2.bring/take/carry/fetch()一般是指拿来,即从别处往说话人这里拿,翻译成“带来”1bring他给我们带来了一些好消息He broughtus somegood news.明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来Pleasedont forget to bringyour homeworktomorrow.()一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿,翻译成“带走”2take.要下雨了,请把伞带上Please takethe umbrellawith you.It sgoing torain.她把字典拿走了She tookthe dictionaryaway()不强调方向,表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思3carry他们把箱子搬进了工厂They carriedthe boxesinto thefactory.出租车送他们到了车站A taxicarried themtothestation.()表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思,包含去和来两趟4fetch侍者为他们取来了一些苹果The waiterfetched themsome apples.妈妈为生病的儿子请来了医生Mother fetchedthe doctorfor herillson.
3.whole/all()强调一个完整如一,互不分割的整体1whole整个国家正遭遇战争The wholecountry issuffering thewar..我仅仅只想知道完整的故事I justwanttoknowthe whole story在句中的位置是放在所有格,冠词和指示代词的之后whole他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期(所有格后)They willspend theirwhole holidayin Canada.她已经写完了整本书(冠词后)She hasfinished writingthe wholebook.用来修饰可数名词(名词用单数)whole他把整个蛋糕都吃了(强调整整一个蛋糕)He atethewholecake.()强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”2all格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人(一个一个全认识)Miss Greenknew all the studentsin theclass.all在句中的位置是放在所有格,定冠词和指示代词的之前吉姆在分钟之内完成了所有的作业(所有格前)Jim finishedall his homework intwenty minutes.20在这里所有的男孩之中,他唱的最好(定冠词前)Of all the boyshere,he singsbest..那个男孩能够回答所有的这些问题(指示代词前)The boycan answerall thesequestions既能修饰可数名词(名词须用复数),又能修饰不可数名词all这五本书都是我的(修饰可数名词)All thesefive booksare mine..她总在为她的儿子担心(修饰不可数名词)She wasworried abouther sonall thetime
4.fill/full()常作动词,与连用,意思是“注满、装满”,也能表示“填空;补缺”的意思例如1fill with.他把粉笔装满了盒子水桶里装满了水He filledtheboxwith chalkThe bucketis filledwith water.()是形容词,翻译成“满的,装满的,常与连用此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃饱的,2full of过饱的”.所有的房间都满人了All the rooms arefull ofpeople这辆车人满了,他只有等下一辆The buswas full.He hadto wait forthe next one.
5.be madeof/be made from/be made in/be made into表示”由…制成“,一般指能够看出原材料,或发生的是物理变化例如1be madeof.这张桌布是由纸做的This tableclothis madeof paper,这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的This saladis madeof applesand strawberries⑵也表示“由…制成”,但一般指看不出原材料,或发生的是化学变化例如be madefrom Breadis面包是小麦做的madefromcom..这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的The lifeboatis madefrom somespecial material指的是产地,意思为于…制造”3be madein这些帽子产于俄罗斯The capsare madein Russia.我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西My motherlikes to buy thingswhich aremadein China.的意思为被制成为…”4be made into川这块木头将要被制成一个小凳This pieceof woodw bemadeintoa smallbench.纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服The paperhasbeenmadeintoclothes forthe doll.
6.none/no one/neither⑴既能指人,又能指物,意思是“没有一个,无一”,常用作代词,与连用none of.我们没有一个人以前听说过他None ofus hasheard ofhim before那些外套我一件都不喜欢I likenone ofthe coats.用作主语时,谓语动词用单复数皆可例如none没有一个答案是正确的没有一间房子是我的None ofthe answersis true.None ofthe roomsare mine.⑵只能用来指人,且不能与连用例如no one of没有人缺席.那里我一个人也不认识No oneis absent.I knewno onethere用作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数no one例如没有人同意你的说法No oneagrees withyou.此作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为“两者都不“,作主语时谓语动词用单数例如3ne er这两个男孩都不是来自英国Neither ofthe boysis fromEngland.他们两个我都不认识I knowneitherof them.
7.found/find的意思是”找到、发现”,其过去式和过去分词都是1find found.我找不着我的眼镜了他发现独自坐在这里I cant find myglasses.He foundit boringto sitherealone.很没劲是另外一个词,与并没有关系,意思是”成立、建设“,常用作及物动词2found find中华人民共和国成立于年The PeoplesRepublic ofChina was founded in
1949.
1949.这所学校是由当地居民修建的The schoolwasfoundedby thelocal residents
8.hear/hear of/hear from⑴的意思是“听见;听说,得知”,后面能接名词、代词或宾语从句hear例如我刚听说这个消息能听见我说话吗?We heardthenewsjust a moment ago.Can youhearme的意思是“听说“,一般指非直接的听见,而是听别人说的后不能接宾语从句例如2hear of我从未听说过她他们很久以前就听说过这I haveneverheardof her.They heardofthefilm longtimeago.部电影⑶的意思是“收到来信“,与“听“无关例如我经常收到他的来信hear fromI oftenhearfromhim.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了He hasn*t heardfrom hismother fora longtime.
9.send/send for⑴意思是送往,派遣“,还有“发信,寄信”的意思例如send Thecompany senthim tostudy abroad.公司派他到国外学习去了布郎夫人送走了孩子们Mr.Brown senther childrenaway.⑵意思是召唤;派人去取;派人去拿”,而非本人亲自去例如send forThey havesent fora repairman他们已经派人去请了一名修理工她派了人去买花She sentforsomeflowers.
10.getto/arrive/reach后不能直接接地点,是一个不及物动词若表示到达一个相对大的地点,用若表1arrive arrivein;示相对小的地点,用arriveat..代表团将于下午到达北京The delegationwill arriveinChinaat5:00p.m5:00当他们到达火车站的时候,天已经黑了It wasdark whenthey arrivedat therailway station.她上次是什么时候到这儿的?副词前省略介词When didshe arrivehere lasttime能直接接所到达的地点,是一个及物动词例如.他们星期2reach Theyreached Londonon Friday五到达了伦敦我于昨天才接到这个消息The newsonly reachedme yesterday.还有“伸手去取,伸手触及,联络”等意思reach你能够到树上的哪个苹果吗?Can youreach thatapple on thetree.可随时打电话跟他联系He canalways bereached on the phone⑶在表示”到达“时是不及物动词,应与搭配使用getto.我们经常步行到学校We oftengetto school onfoot.他们于中午到达了山顶They gottothetopofthe hillat noon初三年级(下)
22.not...any longer【知识梳理】重要句型II.重点短语I.
1.be busydoingsth.
1.begones pardon
2.prefer todosth.
2.multiply...by...
3.regard...as...
3.slowdown
4.be pleasedwithsth./sb.
4.wear out
5.be angrywithsb.
5.try onIII.交际用语
6.make adecision,
1.---How much does...cost...
7.a placeof interest
2.—It cancost aslittle as...yuan andas muchas...
8.make amistake yuan.
9.drop off
3.--It costs....
10.think about
4.—Its worth....
11.make uponesmind,
5.-I dontagree with....
12.at all,
6.—I wasntsure whether....
13.at least
7.—Iwonder if....
14.by thetime
8.---What size...
15.carry on
9.—Have yougot anyother colour/size/kind
16.never mind
10.—Have yougot anythingcheaper
17.from nowon
11.—How much are they
18.come down
12.—How muchdoes itcost
19.hands up
13.—How much is ittakethem.
32.---Theres noneed tothank me.
16.---ril thinkabout....
33.—Can youremember anythingelse abouthim
17.---1don*tthinkIll take....
34.—Come down,Polly!
18.---1like.…
35.-There isalittletraffic accident.
19.—I dontreally Hke....
36.—Theres abig trafficjam.
20.—Can Ihelp you,girl
37.—Well,Im surehell behere before long.
21.—Would youlike meto lookin theback
38.—rm beginningto getangrywithhim!
22.—We canfind....
39.—Yes,we cantwait anylonger.Lets gowithout
23.―Do youlike being...him.
24.-Can Iask yousome questions
40.—Thafs terrible!
25.—Sure.
41.-Thafs areally badexcuse!
26.—It wasgreat.重要语法IV.
27.—Wow!过去将来时
1.
28.-Yeah!过去完成时
2.
29.—Oh dear!动词不定式
3.
30.—Hands up!
31.—ril shootanyone whomoves.【名师讲解】宾语从句时意为“认为“,“觉得”
1.think/think/about/think of当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定,但意义上却是否定宾语从句thinkI dontthinkhecan come.I dontthinkitwill bewindy.2thinkabout可接一个名词,动词・ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是”考虑……”Ihavethought aboutitfora longtime.Please thinkabout howto tellher thebad news.表示认为“,一般用于疑问句中,与连用3think ofwhatWhat doyouthinkofthe TV play=How doyouliketheTVplay
2.big/large/great上述形容词都表示“大”,但侧重点及程度不同指具体事物的大小,强调比正常形体的标准大,既可用在普通场合,也可用在正式场1big合它可用来指人的身材高大或“长大了”,还可表示“伟大”,“重要”之意如Can youlift upthis bigstone Onthe lastday Imade abig decision.特别强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大如2largeA whaleisalarge animal.A largecrowd collectedat thegate ofthe theatre.除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着伟大性,重要性,优越性;常用3great于抽象或无形的东西;用于有形的东西时,常带有“伟大“,“大得令人吃惊”等意思,含有一定的感情色彩如China isagreatcountry withalonghistory.He wasoneofthe greatestscientists.
3.cost/take/spend/pay⑴表示“花钱”,花费,付出只能用于钱、精力、生命等;主语必须是物cost Thebook costme fiveyuan.的主语是动词不定式,通常用做形式主语2take itIt tookme five yuan tobuy the book..在主动语句中主语是人或3spend,I spentfive yuanonforthe book.I spentfiveyuanin buyingthebook.的主语是人4pay Ipaid fiveyuan forthebook.
4.expensive/high/cheap/low这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要注意使用与涉及到价格,高”,而与expensive highcheap low涉及到价格“低”昂贵的,花钱多的这个单词若谈到“价格高,货贵”时其主语不能是价格,必须是货1expensive物、物品本身如这只表很贵这些This watch is expensive.These glass-products arenot expensive.玻璃制品不是很值钱注意表示“价廉”,“便宜的”,其主语也不能是价格,必须是物品本身如cheap这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的The cheaptable wasbought fromhim.这只布娃娃很便宜This clothdoll isvery cheap.在表示价格时,含义是“高、在表示价格时,含义是“低”,这两个词不能用于物品本身,2high low只能用在价格上如这只表的价格太高了The priceof this watchisvery high.这本书的价格对我来说是不低The priceof thisbook isnot low forme.下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照.宜改为或The priceof thiscomputer isexpensive Thiscomputer isexpensive.The priceof thiscomputer ishigh.宜改为或The priceof this pen isnot cheap for him tobuy.This penisnotcheapforhimtobuy.The priceofthispenisnotlowforhim.
5.alone/lonely与的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区别lonely alone用作形容词,意思是”孤单的;寂寞的”可指心灵上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地点在句1lonely中既可作表语,也可作定语可作形容词和副词,意思是单独;独自”,不指心理上寂寞2alone的感觉她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,She wastaken toa lonelyisland,lived alone,but shenever feltlonely.但她从不感到寂寞
7.as/when/while是连词,意思是“当……的时候,一面……一面”,强调同时,一般连续时间不长,如1as As正当我们谈论泰坦尼克号”这部电影时,教师进来we weretalking aboutTitanic,our teachercamein.了学生们边走边唱The studentssing asthey goalong.和一样都是连词,注意它们的不同如当……的时候”一般表示动作紧接着发生;2When aswhen”“那时”等立连词,前有逗号分开我一直呆到太阳下I stayedtill sunset,when itbegan train.形容人时指“品德好”,形容物时指”质量好“,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语例如3good她儿子是一个好学生Her sonisagood student.那辆红色小汽车很好The redcar isvery good.只可用来形容人的“身体好”,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动4well词之后例如我身体很好,谢谢Im verywell,thanks.我的朋友们歌唱得好My friendssing well.【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在动词的用法;
1.be人称代词和物主代词的用法;
2.名词的单复数和所有格的用法;
3.冠词的基本用法;
4.句型的用法
5.There be本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
6.本单元学过的日常交际用语
7.考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、初完成句子一年级下【知识梳理】
26.would like重点短语I.
27.in themiddle ofthe day
1.a bottleof
28.in the morning/afternoon/evening
2.alittle
29.ona farm
3.alotof
30.in afactory
4.all day重要句型II.
5.be from
1.Let sb.dosth.
6.be over
2.Could sb.dosth.
7.comeback
3.would likesth.
8.come from
4.would like todosth.
9.do oneshomework
5.What aboutsomething toeat
10.do theshopping
6.How doyou spell...
11.get down
7.May Iborrow...交际用语HL
12.get home
1.—Thanks verymuch!
13.getto—Youre welcome.
14.getup
2.Put it/them away.
15.go shopping
3.Whats wrong
16.have adrink of!
17.have alook
4.1thinkso.I dontthinkso.
5.1wanttotakesomebooks tothe classroom
18.have breakfast
6.Give mea bottleof orangejuice,please.
19.have lunchPleasegive it/them backtomorrow.OK.
20.have supper
9.Whats yourfavourite sport
21.listen to
10.Don*t worry.
22.not...at all1l.Tm notgood atbasketball.山23,.p那ut时...天aw开ay始下雨了是”当……时候;和……同时”强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长例如3while WhileI waswatching当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书有生命就有希望TV,he wasreading.While thereis life,thereishope.
8.beat/win/hit是动词,意思是连续地打;打败;敲打“后可接人或队名意思是”击败对手”如1beat beatIcan beatyou atswimming.意思是”赢得某个项目”,后面常接如.他胜一局2win match,game%He wona gameWe wona match.我们比赛得胜意思是“击中“有时可表示”打一下如妈妈生气,打3hit oThe motherhit herchild outof anger.了她孩子一下
9.keep doing/keep ondoing侧重表示持续不停地做某事或“持续某种状态如那1keep doingThe girlkept cryingall thetime.个女孩一直在哭这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时Thebabykept sleepingabout fourhours.表示总不断做某事”,不表示静止状态不能与这类2keep ondoing sitting,sleeping,lying,standing词连用如It kepton rainingfor sevendays.Dont keepon askingsuch sillyquestions.
10.get/turn/become这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同强调情感、get气候和环境的变化;强调色彩的变化;而则强调职务、职称等的变化如turn become冬天的白天越来越短The daysare gettingshorter andshorter inwinter.She couldntanswer thequestion她回答不出问题,脸红了.你and herface turnedred.When didyou become a teacher-Ten yearsago什么时候当的老师?十年前
11.steal/rob从意思上讲表示偷窃的意思而表示抢劫的意思;从搭配上来讲,而steal robstealsth fromsb/sth;rob则用例如:robsb/sth ofsth;He stolemoney fromthe richto giveit tothe poor.They robbedthe bankof onemilliondollars.
12.see/look/watch/notice在英语中,都有“看”的意思,要注意他们的区别see,look,watch,notice意为“看到”,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调“看到”的结果see意为“看”,表示有意识地观看,强调“看”的动作look意为“观看,注视”,指以较大的注意力观看watch意为“看到,注意到,指有意识的注意,含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义例如notice在图画中你能看到什么?What canyouseein thepicture看!他们玩得多高兴啊!Look!How happilythey areplaying!他看了两个多小时的电视Hes watchedTV forover twohours.他注意到地上有个钱包He noticeda purselying on theroad.
13.Shoot/shoot at是及物动词,意思是“射中,射死”,宾语多为人或动物等而是一个动词词组,意shoot shootat为“向……射击”,至于射中或射死与否不得而知如那个人在森林里射死中了五只鸟猎人Themanshot fivebirds in the forest.The huntershotat the bear.朝熊射击了他们向那只母狼射击,但是没有射中/死They shotattheshe—wolf,but didntshoot her.
14.escape/run away⑴作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时,往往会有成功之意如escape Theoldmanescaped death.那个老人死里逃生那个小偷越狱了The thiefescaped fromprison.⑵作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时,往往强调动作如别让他跑了run awayDont lethim runaway.口语中和可以互用escape runaway
15.so that..../so...that....为了,以便引导一个目的状语从句,从句中往往有情态动词也可引导一个结果状语1so that.…从句如Heft at5:00so that I could catch theearly bus.Speak loudly,so thatthey canhear whatyou say.He didntstudy Englishso thathe lostachanceto workinaforeign company.⑵既可引导一个结果状语从句,也可引导一个目的状语从句so…that_如The classroomwas sonoisy thatI couldhardly study.I gotup soearly in themorningthatIcouldcatchthetrain.
14.Do you haveadictionary/any dictionaries—She likesdumplings andvegetables verymuch.Yes,I do./No,I dont.
22.-When doyougo to schoolevery day
15.We/They have some CDs.—I gotoschoolat7:00every day.We/They dont have anyCDs.
23.—What timedoes hegoto bed in the evening
16.-What dayis ittoday/tomorrow-He goestobedat10:
00.---It^Monday.重要语法IV.
17.-May Iborrow yourcolour pens,please.人称代词的用法;-Certainly.Here youare.1祈使句;
2.
18.—Where areyou from现在进行时的构成和用法;-From Beijing.
3.动词的用法;
4.have
19.Whats yourtelephone numberin NewYork一般现在时构成和用法;
5.
20.—Do youlike hotdogs可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法
6.—Yes,Ido.A little./A lot./Very much.—No,I dont.I dontlike thematall.
21.—What doesyour motherlike
1.Thats right./Thats allright./All right.意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断例如That sright1think我想我们应该帮助这位老人或说得对“we musthelp theoldman.“Thats right”“Youre right“.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉例如That sailrightMany thanks.Thafs allright.Sorry.Its broken.Thats allright.*.意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求有时还可以表示“身体很好”All right请把此事告诉我”好吧你妈身体好吗“Please tellme aboutit.”“All right.”Is yourmother allright
2.make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”,但含义却不同,不能混用指做东西或制东西,指做一件make d具体的事你能为我做个纸船吗?Can youmake apaper boatforme.他正在做他的作业Hes doinghishomeworknow
3.say/speak/talk/tell是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话如say他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去请用英语“I wantto go there bybus”,he said.Please sayitinEnglish.说“说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾speak:语)如你能不能说说他的情况?我不喜欢这Can youspeak abouthim I dontlike to speaklike this.样说话作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力speak如她英语说得好She speaksEnglish well.与意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,talk:speak不过,暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话talk如我想跟他谈那件事老年妇女喜I would like totalk tohim aboutit.Old womenliketotalk withchildren.欢和孩子们交谈“告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语如.他在给我讲故事tell:He stellingmea story撒谎如tell alie tellsb.todosth./tellsb.not todosth.Miss Zhaooften tellsus tostudy hard.
4.do cooking/do thecooking作“做饭”解,属泛指特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭为动名词,do cookingdo thecooking cooking不能用作复数,但前面可用修饰从可引出许多类似的短语some,muchdo some cookingdo some洗些衣月艮买些东西读书写些东西washing do some shoppingdosomereading dosome writingdosome钓鱼fishing从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用或定冠词some,much去买东西去钓鱼去戈船去游泳goshoppinggo fishinggo boatingij goswimming
5.like doingsth./like todosth.与意思相同,但用法有区别前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性like doingsth.like todosth.和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作例如.他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和He likesplaying football,but hedoesn tliketoplay footballwith LiMing李明踢
6.other/others/the other/another表其余的,别的,如你还有其他问题吗?other Have you anyother questions另的人,另的东西.如在屋子里others ijU Inthe roomsome peopleare American,the othersare French.一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人the other表另一个二者之中one・・・,theother・・•如One ofmy two brothers studiesEnglish,the other我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文studies Chinese.表三者以上的另一个,另一些如书架上还可another There is roomfor anotherfew bookson theshelf.以放点书
7.in thetree/on thetree与译成中文均为“在树上”但英语中有区别表示某人、某事不属于in thetree on thetree.in thetree树本身生长出的别的东西落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用如on thetree.那棵树上有些苹果那棵树上有只鸟There aresome appleson thetree.Thereisa birdin thetree.
8.some/any和既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词但有以下两点需要注意some any常用于肯定句中,常用于否定句和疑问句中如1some anyThereis somewater in the glass.Is thereany water inthe glassThere isn*tanywaterintheglass.在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用2some如Would youlike sometea
9.tall/high⑴说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用不用例如一个高个子妇女tall,high,a tallwoman atall horse一个高大的马说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用而不用比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,2high,tall,例如他高高地爬在树上飞机在空中这么高Heishigh upinthetree.The planeissohigh inthe sky.指建筑物、山时要或都可以,不过的程度比高3tall highhigh tall⑷可作副词,不能high tall的反义词为的反义词为5tall short,high low.
10.can/could()表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的”能力“例如1can你会骑自行车吗要帮忙吗?你会做蛋Can youride abike What can IdoforyouCan youmake acake糕吗?()用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的“怀疑““猜测”或不肯定例如2can他会在什么地方呢?这个消息会是真的吗?Where canhebeCan thenews be true不可能已经六点钟了吧?It surelycant besix o*clock already汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭You cantbe hungryso soon,Tom,youve justhad lunch.他会是什么意思?Whatcanhe mean在日常会话中,可代替表示“允许,比较正式例如.你随can maymay You can comein anytime时都可以来我能用你的钢笔吗?一当然可以—Can Iuseyourpen Ofcourse,you can.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧You canhave myseat,Im goingnow.()3could是的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)例如could can(能力)医生说他能帮助他The doctorsaid hecould helphim.(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳Lily couldswim whenshe wasfour yearsold.(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的At thattime wethought thestory couldbetrue.可代替表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转例如could can我能和约翰说话吗?Could Ispeakto John,please在口语中表示请求对方做事例如请你等半个小时好吗?Could youCould youwait half an hourCould六点钟请你再打电话好吗?youpleasering againat six()的形式4can只有现在式和过去式两种形式能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来can could所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用加动词不定式来表示beableto例如他们没有能到北京来They havenot beenabletocometoBeijing.
11.lookfor/find意为“寻找,而意为“找到,发现”,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结lookforfind果,而后者则强调“找”的结果例如J她找不到她的尺子啦She cant findher ruler..汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到Tom islookingforhiswatch,but hecantfindit
12.be sleeping/be asleep表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”;表示状态,意思是“睡着了”be sleepingbe asleep如一孩子们在房间里做什么?一.他们正What arethe childrendoing intheroomThey aresleeping在睡觉现在孩子们睡着了The childrenare asleepnow.
13.often/usually/sometimes表示“经常,表示有时候”,在表示发生频率上要高于要高于often sometimesoften usually,usually这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓sometimes语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾如果要be加强语气,则放在句首我们通常放学后打篮球有时,我睡We usuallyplay basketballafter school.Sometimes Igotobedearly.觉很早.他经常在早晨读英语Heoftenreads Englishinthemorning
14.How much/How many常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是how muchHow muchis/are---这条裙子多少钱?这些香蕉多少钱?How muchistheskirt How mucharethe bananas后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,后加可数名词的复数形式how muchhow many你要多少肉呀?你们Howmuchmeat doyouwantHow manystudents arethere inyour class班有多少人?
15.be goodfor/be goodto/be good at表示“对有好处,而表示“对有害”;表示”对友好%而be goodfor be bad forbe goodtobebad表示对……不好”;表示擅长,在……方面做得好”,而表示”在……方面做tobegoodatbebad at得不好”如做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处Doing eyeexercises is goodforyour eyes.吃的太多对你的身体有害Eating toomuchis bad foryou health.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好Miss Liisgoodto allofus.这个老板对他的工人不好The bossisbadtohisworkers.比李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长Li Leiisgoodat drawing,but Imbadat
16.each/every和都有“每一个”的意思,但含义和用法不相同从个体着眼,从整体着眼each everyeach every可用于两者或两者以上,只用于三者或三者以上each every如我们每人各有一本新书.街的We eachhaveanew book.There aretrees oneach sideofthe street两旁有树.每天早晨他都起得早He getsupearlyevery morning可以用作形容词、副词和代词;只能用作形容词如他们each everyEach ofthem hashis ownduty.各人有各人的义务他们每个人都想做不同的事情They eachwanttodo somethingdeferent.一般现在时/现在进行时
17.一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为八)am s/are/+doing我在晚上做作业我现在正在做作业Ido my homework inthe evening.Im doingmyhomeworknow.现在进行时常与或等词连用;而一般现在时常与now,these days,atthemoment Look,listen often,always,等连用sometimes,usually,every day,inthemorning,on Mondays,我们经常放学后打扫教室We oftenclean theclassroom afterschool Look!They arecleaning the.看!他们正在打扫教室呢classroom初二年级(上)【知识梳理】
10.next week重点短语
11.the dayafter tomorrowI.
12.haveapicnic
1.ontime
13.have someproblems doingsth.
2.best wishes
14.gothewrong way
3.give atalk
15.hurry up
4.for example
16.get together
5.short for
17.intheopen air
6.a wasteof time
18.on Mid-Autumn Day
7.go ona fieldtrip
19.come over
8.go fishing
20.have to
21.get home
1.onthe street/inthestreet表示“在街上时;和
22.agree withonthestreet inthestreetin例如thestreet.We havea houseinthestreet.
23.inthecountry
7.Where arewe going
24.in town
8.What arewe goingtodo
25.all thesame
1.Im goodat...
26.infrontof
20.Its notfar from...
27.ontheleft/right side
11.Are youfree tomorrowevening
28.next to
12.Would youand Lilyliketocome overto myhome
29.up anddownfor Mid-Autumn Festival
30.keep healthy
13.Tm gladyou cancome.
31.grow up
14.Thanks forasking us.
32.atthesame time
15.How aboutanother one
33.the daybefore yesterday
16.May Ihaveataste
35.last Saturday
17.Letmewalk withyou.
36.halfanhour ago
18.What doyouhave todo
37.amomentago
19.Do youlive onafarm
38.just now
20.Which doyoulikebetter,the cityorthecountry
39.by theway
21.Which doyoulikebest,dogs,cats orchickens
40.allthetime
22.Shall wego atten Goodidea!
41.at first23・——Lets makeit halfpast one.—OK.重要句型II.
24.—Why notcomealittle earlier—All right.
1.have fundoingsth.
25.Excuse me.Wheres thenearest postoffice,
2.Why dontyou...please
3.Were goingtodosth.
26.Its overthereonthe right.
4.start withsth.
27.Tm sorryI dontknow.
5.Why not...
28.You,d better...
6.Areyou goingto...
29.Thank youallthesame.
7.be friendlyto sb.
30.Which busdol take
8.Youd betterdosth.
31.Go alongthisroad.
9.asksb.for sth.
32.What daywas ityesterday
33.Tm sorryto hearthat.
10.say goodbyeto sb.
34.1hope yourebetter now.
11.Good luckwithsb!HL交际用语
35.Why didyou callme
36.1called to tell...
1.Welcome backtoschool!重要语法IV.
2.Excuse me.Im sorryIm late,because thetraffic is的用法;
1.be goingtobad..形容词的比较级、最高级;
1.1t doesn^matter.
24.Happy TeachersDay!
3.形容词和副词的比较
5.Thats agood idea.
4.一般过去时
6.What areyougoingtodo【名师讲解】都可以,在美国多用在英国多用onthestreet,我们在街上有座房子I methim onthestreet.我在街上遇见了他
2.would like/like和含义不同意思是“喜欢”,“爱好”,而意思是“想要”试比较:would like likelikewouldlikeo I我喜欢喝啤酒我想要一杯啤酒like beer.=1m fondof beer.Idlike aglass ofbeer=Iwant aglass ofbeer.你喜欢看电影吗?你今晚想Do youlike goingtothecinema Would youliketo gotothecinema tonight去看电影吗?
3.another/the other通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或物体例如1another请在给我一个苹果好吗?MayIhave anotherapple,please这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看This coatis toosmall forme.Please showme another通常指两者中的另一个例如2theother他有两把尺子,一把短的,另一把长的He hastwo rulers.One isshort.The otheris long.Ihavetwobrothers.我有两个兄弟,一个在西安工作,另一个在北京工作One works in Xian.The otherworksinBeijing.
4.have to/must和都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去1have tomust时,常用如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用例如我必须musto have to Imust stopsmoking.戒烟自己想戒烟他们不得不为那个老板工作条件逼得他们去工Theyhaveto workfortheboss.作可用于多种时态,只能用于一般现在时例如2havetomust明天早晨我必须早早起床I IIhavetoget upearly tomorrowmorning.We hadto worklong hoursevery day为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间地工作in ordertogetmore money.用于否定句时,意思是“决不能”,“禁止”,而意思是“不必”,相当于3mustn tdonthave to例如下一次你决不能再迟到needntYoumustntbelate againnext time.You dont havetogo there你今天不必到那里去了你可以明天去today.Youcangotheretomorrow.
5.hearsb.or sth.doingsth./herarsb.or sth.dosth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事,而意思“听到某人或hearsb.or sth.doingsth.hearsb.or sth.dosth.某物做过某事”试比较听见他在唱英歌曲I hearhim singingan Englishsong.我听见他唱一首英文歌I heardhim singan Englishsong.类似这种用法的还有等感官动词hear see,watch,listen,feel
6.any/some和都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,但一般用在肯定句中;用在any somesome any疑问句和否定句中试比较我想要点钱你有钱吗?I wantsome money.Haveyouany moneyIdon我一点钱也没有thaveany money.有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”例如some请你再来点啤酒好吗?Wouldyoulike somemore beer请给我来点米饭好吗?Could Ihavesomerice,please
7.hear/listen to和都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同强调“听”的动作,强调“听”listento hear Listen tohear的结果例如请听我说!我给你们讲个故事Listentome,please!Imgoingtotellyouastory.听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?Listen!Can youhear someonecrying inthenextroom.我听了听,但什么也听不见I listened,but heardnothing后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”例如hear。