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小升初语法形容词和副词（基础篇）・考点一形容词.定义修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征
1.分类在小学英语中，常见的形容词主要有以下几种2•品质形容词表示人或物的品质如.他是地球上最快乐的人Hes thehappiest manon theearth那出戏很枯燥乏味The playwas boring.你有一张诚实的脸You havean honestface,•类属形容词:表示人或事物属于哪一类如这些题材反映我们的日常生活These subjectsreflect ourdaily lives.此药仅供外用This medicineis forexternal useonly.•颜色形容词:表示颜色的形容词如她有一件蓝色的外套She hasa bluecoat.注这类形容词前面还可加等词来表示颜色的程度light,pale,dark,deep,bright如淡棕色头发一件淡绿色恤衫light brownhair apale greenT-shirt T一条深蓝色的裙子一套深灰色的套装a deepblue skirta darkgrey suit•强调形容词:起强调作用如这完全是个谜Its anutter mystery.形容词的用法
3.★形容词在句子中通常放在名词前面，作定语一个聪明的男孩一辆蓝色的汽车$0:a cleverboy ablue car注形容词在修饰等复合不定someone,somebody,something,anything,nothing代词时，需定语后置如重要的事情没有什么有趣的事something importantnothing interesting★形容词在句子中也常放在系动词之后，作表语如.这些花是红色的These flowersare red.今天鲍勃看上去很精神Bob lookssmart today★形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”等词连用时;常放在其后如我身高米I am
1.60meters tall.16她岁She is12years old.12形容词的比较级和最高级
4.（）当两个物体之间进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级句式常常要借助1来表达，即“物体形容词比较级+物体“than”A+am/are/is+than+B”如我比你高I amtaller than you.
（2）当比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，我们就要用形容词的最高级其句式为“物体A+am/ar/is+the+形容词最高级+比较范围（of+人/物，in+地方）”如.我是班里最高的（学生）I amthe tallestin theclass它是这三种食物中最美味的It is the mostdelicious foodof thethree.
（3）形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则
①单音节和少数双音节形容词比较级的变化规则规则原级比较级最局级在词尾直接加或-eststrong stronger strongest以结尾的单音节词，只加-renice/late nicer/later nicest/latest或-st以辅音字母加y结尾的，把happy/early happier/earlier happiest/earliesty变为i,再加-er或-est以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音thin/hot thinner/hotter thinnest/hottest字母，再加-er或-est
②其他双音节或多音节形容词，比较级在该词前面加最高级在该词前面力口more,mosto如beautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulfamous-more famous-most famous注意比较级中还有一种同级比较表示两者的情况一样用统计比较，结构是+“as原级+as0如:我和他一样高Fm astall ashim.考点二副词定义用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或主句的词，可表示时间、地点、程度、
1.状态等如风刮得很大（副词修饰动词The windis blowingstrongly.strongly blow,表示程度天很晚了副词修饰形容词It isvery late.very late我很爱你副词修饰副词I loveyou very much.verymuch分类
2.时间副词表示“事情发生的时间”1如现在那时今天昨天now thentoday yesterdayShefsreading now.她现在正在看书地点副词表示事情发生的地点、位置”2如这里那里here there他刚刚在这儿He washere justnow.频率副词:表示“事情发生的频度”3如总是通常经常很少有时从不always usuallyoften seldomsometimes never我经常晚饭后去散步I oftengo fora walkafter dinner.程度副词表示程度的深浅4如很，非常非常太十分much verytoo quite她十分努力She isquite hard-working.疑问副词:用来引导特殊疑问句5如:怎样什么时候在哪里为什么how whenwhere whyWhen willyou comeback你什么时候回来？.用法3副词修饰动词时，通常放在被修饰动词的后面1如我们应该努力学习We shouldstudy hard.你走得太快了You walktoo fast.副词修饰形容词时，通常放在被修饰形容词的前面2如:.那个小孩子太小,不能去上学The boyis tooyoung togo toschool马克•吐温是一个非常有趣的人Mark Twainis avery funnyman.副词修饰副词时，通常放在被修饰副词的前面3如李华的舞跳得很好Li Huadances verywell.表示频率的副词，通常位于主谓之间，也可位于句首
4.他经常骑自行车去上学He oftengoes toschool bybike他有时候去看他的奶奶Sometimes hegoes tosee hisgrandmother.句子中有助动词或动词时，副词一般放在助动词或动词之后5be be如这些游客已经到了The visitorshave justarrived.车里总是拥挤的The busis alwayscrowded.形容词变副词的一般规则
4.一般情况下直接加“如1ly”,quick-quickly以辅音字母加结尾的形容词变”为然后再加如:2y y”i,happy-happily某些以辅音字母加不发音字母结尾或者以“结尾的形容词要先去掉3e”ue”e,然后再加y或W・如terrible-terribly,true-trulyo有些词既可以作形容词，乂可以作副词如4fast,high,well,deep副词的比较级和最高级
5.规则变化1
①与形容词的比较级的构成、用法完全相同
②英语中常见的由构成比较级,构成最高级的副词有:-er-est fast,soon,early,late,hard,等near
③由形容词加构成的双音节或多音节副词，都是在该词前加-ly more/mosto如quickly-more quickly-most quicklydifficultly-more difficultly-most difficultly不规则变化，见下表2原级比较级最高级good/well better bestbad/badly worse worstmany/much moremostlittle lessleastfar farther/further farthest/furthestI cantswim.Because Imof water.A.afraid B.angry C.happy［答案］A［名师点拨］根据语境可知，我不会游泳的原因应该是我害怕水害怕的，afraid生气的,快乐的故选Aangry happy彳列2Im45kilograms.Timmy is42kilograms.Im thanhe.A.heavy B.heavier C.thinner［答案］B［名名师点拨］根据语境可知，我的体重是千克，蒂米的体重是千克，所以我4542比他重故选B练习
3.big______
1.young
2.white
6.better
4.left______
5.fast_______
7.longer
8.thinner
9.warm
一、写出所给单词的反义词
二、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级l.old_______________
2.young______________
3.tall______________
4.long_______________
5.short____________
6.strong______________
7.big______
8.small______________
9.fat______________
10.thin_______________
11.heavy__________
12.light______________
13.nice____________
14.good______________
15.low____________
16.slow______________
17.fast_____________
18.late_______________
19.early___________
20.far________________
21.badly___________
22.beautiful
三、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.My brother is twoyears oldthan me.
2.Tom is as fatas Jim.
3.—Is yoursister youngthanyou—Yes,she is.
4.—Who isthin,you orHelen-Helen.
5.—Whose pencil-box isbig,yours orhers—Hers.
6.Mary*s hairisaslong asLucys.
7.Ben jumphigh thansome ofthe boysin hisclass.
8.My eyesare bigthan she.
9.Jim runs slow,but Benrunsslow.
10.The childdoesnt writeas fastas hisbrother.
四、单项选择
1.There isan photoon thewall.A.old B.nice C.new
2.An elephantis thana horse.A.big B.bigger C.the biggestA.young B.strong C.clever
3.My littlebrotheris too.He cantcarry theheavy box.A.useful B.usefully C.useless
4.This isa book.I want to buyit.
5.She doesn!t likedolls.She playswith them.A.always B.never C.often
6.They areto usthan before.A.friendly B.more friendlyC.friend
7.This bookis thanthat one.A.newer B.new C.old
8.Tom isthe boyour class.A.tallest;in B.taller;in C.most tall;of
9.This pairof shoesistoofor him.A.smaller B.small C.smallest
10.Mike didntwanttobe latefor school,so hewalked very.A.fast B.slowly C.beautifully
11.—Whats theweather likeoutside--Its too,Don*t openthe window.A.warm B.hot C.cold
12.My motherusually getsup30minutes thanme every day.A.early B.earlier C.the earliest
13.To keepa gooddiet,you shouldeat fruitsand vegetables.A.more B.less C.little
14.Beijing,the capitalof China,is oneof citiesin theworld.A.the biggestB.bigger C.much bigger
15.—Excuse me.istheNanshan Park,please—It*s behindthe library.A.Which B.What C.Where
五、根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词她不擅长体育但我跳得却没有她高
1.She doesntin RE.But Idon*t than你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？
2.--不，他们踢得和我一样好-you footballthan yourclassmates—No,they as as me.我母亲比我父亲年纪小
3.My thanmy.她的毛衣和我的一样重
4.sweater as as.你和你的叔叔一样高吗一是的
5.-—asasyour uncle—Yes,I am.他和他的朋友一样年轻
6.He asas.她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？-不，她比他瘦
7.-—asastwin-No,she thanhim.杨玲每天睡得比苏玉晚
8.Yang Lingto thanSu Yueveryday.答案——、
1.old
2.black
3.small
4.right
5.slow
6.worse
7.shorter
8.fatter
9.cool
二、
1.older oldest
2.younger youngest
3.taller tallest
4.longer longest
5.shortershortest
6.strongerstrongest
7.bigger biggest
8.smaller smallest
9.fatter fattest
10.thinner thinnest
11.heavier heaviest
12.lighter lightest
13.nicer nicest
14.betterbest
15.lower lowest
16.slower slowest
17.faster fastest
18.later latest
19.earlier earliest
20.farther/further farthest/furthest
21.worseworst
22.more beautifulmost beautiful
三、
1.older
2.fat
3.younger
4.thinner
5.bigger
6.long
7.jumps higher
8.bigger hers
9.slow slower
10.write fast
四、ABAABBAABACBAAC
五、
1.do welljump higherher
2.Do playbetter playwell
3.mother/father isyounger/older father/mother
4.Her isheavy mine
5.Are youtall
6.is younghis friend
7.Isshe father brotheris thinner
8.goes bedlater。
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