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3.1+see.+t.b.+To.seem.（t.b...ver.cleve.boy.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩那边的那个人看上去像一个新老Th.ma.ove.ther.seem.tb..ne.teacher.2）主语+seem to do sthbedoing sthhavedone sthMrs.Gree.doesn.see.（或seem.no..t.lik.th.idea.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意Th.childre.seeme.t.b.eatin.somethin,i.th.room.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢Th.youn.ma.seeme.t.hav.change,much.这个年轻人看起来变化很大
6.当不定式用作表语时，其中的to原则上是不能省略的如Hi.ai.i.t.d.tw.years,wor.i.one.他的目标是一年干两年的工作但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略t如:Wha.yo.firs.d.i.（to.mi.th.eg.wit.flour.你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好Al..di.wa.（to.touc.th.window.an.i.broke.我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了经典练习
1.M.worr.i.you.（rely.to.muc.o.you.parents.
2.Pleas,remai.（seat）.th.winne.o.th.priz.wil.b.announce,soo n.
3.Fo.thos.wit.famil.member,fa.away.th.persona,compute,an.th.phon・ar.importan.i.staying.connect）答案
1.relying
2.seated
2.决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help,（afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten口诀之外的单词）She pretendednot tosee mewhen Ipassed by.W.agree,tomee.her.bu.s.fa.sh.hasn.turne.u.yet.
6.（让我们继续学第六课说明前面已学了一部分）Let.g.o.t.stud.Lesso.
6.（让我们接着学第六课说明前面已学了第五课）.remembe.do in.th.exercise.（我记得做过练习）.mus.remembe.t.d.it.（我必须记着做这事）.trie.no.t.g.there.（我设法不去那里）.trie.doin.i.again.（我试着又干了一次）Sto.speaking.（不要讲话）H.stoppe.t.talk.（他停下来讲话）.mea.t.com.earl,today.（我打算今天早些来）Missing thetrain meanswaiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）
4.在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语祖low/advise/forbid/permit sbtodosth allow/advise/forbid/permitdoing sthW.don.allo,smokin.here.W.don.allo,student,t.smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义|sth|need/want/require doing/to be done…需要••工St.b.wort,doin.…值得….deserve to bedone/doing……值得•••・Th.windo.needs/requires/want,cleaning/t.b.cleaned.He.metho,i.wort,trying.Thes.proposal,deserv.considering,t.b.considered.这些建议应该被考虑
5.|to为介词的短语devote oneself/one stime to（把・・・贡献给・・・）；look forward to（期望）;payattention to（注意）；attach importanceto（重视）；beused/accustomed to（习惯于做某事）；when itcomes to（当谈到做某事）;get downto（着手）；prefer doingsth to doingsth（喜欢・・・而不喜欢;turn todoingsth（转向）；thanks to（多亏）;lead to（导致）；the keytodoingsth（做某事的关键）；object to/be opposedto（反对）；contribute to（有助于）；be addictedto doingsth（沉）面于;对・・・上瘾）；make contributionsto（对...做出贡献）；due to（由于）；apply oneselfto（致力于）；stick to（坚持）；come closeto（接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如I lookforwardtohearing fromyou soon.
6.不定式做动词（词组）tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等，但是why后加不带to的不定式He showedus howtodoth work=He showedus howwe should do thework.I dont knowwhat todo=I dont knowwhat Ishoulddo.We mustdecide whetherto stcyor go=We mustdecide whetherwe11stay orgo.Can youtelC mewhy doit
7.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为lov.swimming....lov.t.swi.today.・
8.start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式L starte.t.snow.
2.i.beginnin.t.coo.dinner..bega.t.understan.wha.h.meant.典型例题
3.Davi,threatene.report,hi.neighbo.t.th.polic.i.th.damage,wer.no.paid.
4.H.chos.keep,silen.whe.aske.why.
5.H.volunteere.help.th.victim,i.th.earthquake.
6.Wheneve.yo.ar.i.trouble,don.hesitat.ask.m.fo.help.
7.A..resul.o.th.seriou.flood,two-third,o.th.building,i.th.are.nee.repair.6—Ca..smok.here・一Sorry.W.don’.allo.smoke,here.
7..hea.theyv.promote.Tom.bu.h.didn.mentio.promote,whe.w.talke.o.th.p hone.
1.
1.Bil.suggeste.hold..meetin.o.wha.t.d.fo.th.Shangha.Exp.du rin.th.vacation.
1.
2.reall.appreciatehave.tim.t.hoiida.wit.yo.o.thi.nic.isla nd.
1.
3.ca.hardl.imagin.he.marry,sue..me.a.Lee.
11..quit.ho.today.D.yo.fee.lik.go.fo..swim
12.Th.fil.sta.wear,sunglass.Therefore,h.ca.g.shoppin.withou.recognize.
13.—The.ar.quiet.aren.they一Yes,they areaccustomed tonot talkat meals.
14.Ho.ca.affor.t.fl.t.Americ.whe..ca.onl.ear.
80.Yua..month.・
15.Woul.yo.min.tur.dow.you.radi..little,please
16.Th.squirre.wa.luck.tha.i.jus.misse.caught.
17.H.practice,playin.th.pi an.ever,morning.
18.H.riske.Iosin,hi.lif.i.orde.t.sav.th.drown in.girl.
19.H.wa.considerin.change,hi.mind.
20.H.wa.considere.t.b.ver.rich.3）不定式做主语的句型.It is+adj+for sbtodosth.比较表示人的品质时只能用f sb如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时It issilly of you tosay so.It isimportant forus tolearn Englishwell.I.i..must..necessit.fo.u.t.hav.,goo,comman.o.th.Englis.language.4“Wh-+to不定式”可做主语如When toleave hasnt beendecided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢Whether todrive ortake thetrain isstill aproblem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题5一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式如Seeing isbelieving.=To seeis to believe眼见为实..Plantin.flower,need,constan.watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数如Lyin.an.steal in.ar.immoral.说谎及盗窃是不道德的
21.Don.worry.W.ca.manag.t.hel.yo.out.
1.
1.wa.advise,t.qui.th.jo.an.tr..ne.one.
23.Wev.ha..goo.start,bu.next.mor.wor.need.t.b.don.t.achiev.th.fina.succ ess.
24.On.learn..languag.b.makin.mistake,an.correc.them.
25.Chin,recentl.tightene.it.water,control,nea.th.HuangYanlslan.t.preven.Chines,fishin.boat.fro.attacke.i.th.Sout.Chin.Sea.
26.Short
1.afte.sufferin.fro..massiv.earthquak.an.havin.reduce,t.ruins.th.cit.too.o..ne.look.
27.Whe.i.come.t.spea.i.public,n.on.ca.mate.him.
28.Lydi.doesn’.fee.lik.stud,abroad.He.parent,ar.old.
1.
1.reall.regre.inform,yo.tha.yo.hav.faile.t.pas.th.exam.
30.H.trie.persuade,he.t.accep.thei.incitation,bu.i.vain.
31.Sh.wa.afrai.t.ste.furthe.i.gras,becaus.sh.wa.afrai.o.bein.bitte・b..snake.
1.
1.stil.remembe.take.t.th.FamenTempl.an.wha..sa.there.
33.N.on.answere.th.fron.door.s..trie,knockin.a.th.bac.door.
34.F.afrai..can.hel.paintin.th.hous.thi.afternoon.
35..couldn’.choos.bu.t.accep.hi.invitation.
36.F.sorry..didn.mea.hur.you.
37.No.tha.w.hav.finishe.Exercis.I.let.g.o.t.d.Exercis.II.
38..couldn’.hel.bu.admirin.hi.fo.hi.courage.
39.Oh.m.goodness..forgo,t.loc.th.doo.las.night.I.ther.anythin,missing
1.
1.forgo,pai.already,s..wen.t.m.bos.again.
41.Th.competito.neve,dreame.o.ther..be..chanc.fo.hi.t.wi.th.firs.priz.i.th.
10.mete.race.
42.Hav.yo.hear.o.m.siste..win.th.contest
43.Th.docto.doe.no.min..eatin..littl.mea.occasionally.
44.Sh.didn’.min.he.book.take.awa.an.use.b.othe.students.
45..insis.o.Mar.g.there.
46..kne.nothin,abou.th.windo.wa.open.
47.H.lef.th.cit.withou.ou.kno.it.答案
1.
1.repor.
2.t.kee.
3.t.hel.
4.t.as.
5.repairin.
6.smokin.
7.havin.bee.p romote.
8.holdin.
9.hav in.
10.marry in.
11.goin.
12.bein.recognize.
13.talk改为takin.
14.正.
15.turn改为turnin.
16.caught前加bein.
17.正.
18.正.
19.changed改为changin.
20.正.
21.正.
22.正.
23.IE.
24.correct改为correctin.
25.attecked前加bein.
26.having改为bein.
27.speak改为speakin.
28.study改为studyin.
29.t.infor.
30.t.persuad.
31.正.
32.taken前力口bein.
33.正.
34.painting改为pain.
35.去掉t.
36.正.
37.正.
38.admirin.
39.正.
40.paid前加bein.
41.bein.
42.winnin.
43.I改为my或m.
44.taken前加bein.
45.go改为going,或去掉o.
46.was改为bein.
47.know改为knowing五.作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须及句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动
（一）不定式作状语
1.不定式作目的状语In orderto可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to只能放于句中,in orderto和so asto放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开To catchthe earlybus/In orderto catchthe earlybus,he getsup early.=He getsup earlyto catchthe earlybus.Bob tookdown mytelephone numberso as/in ordernot toforget it.
2.I.orde.no.t.forge,it.Bo.too.dow.m.telephon,number.・
3.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中so+adj+astodosth;such+n+asto dosth;•••enough todosth;too….to;Only todosth表示不定式出乎意料的结果F m not sostupid asto writeit down.=1mnotsuch afool asto writeit down.He isclever enoughto befit forthe job.Jane arrivedat thestation onlyto betold thetrain hadgone.比较He died,leaving onlydebts.（动名词表示自然而然的结果）I mtoo tiredto stayup longer.注意only too…t结构中，并非是“太….而不能….”之意，而表示“非常….这样搭配的形容词有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happyI monly tooglad tohave passedthe exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴I mtoo willingto helpyou.
4.不定式作原因状语当这些形容词light,heavy,hard/difficult,easy,comfortable,pleasant,dangerous impossible,interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动This questionis easyto answer.Thi.boo.i.difficul.t.understand.
（二）分词做状语分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以及while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用”not V+ing表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系not havingdone表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前not havingbeen done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前
1.Whe..offer,help.on.ofte.say.Than you.o.It.kin.o.you.・・
2.Separate fromother continentsfor millionsof years,Australia hasmanyplants andanimals notfound inany othercountry in the world.
3.Generali,speaking,i.take,accordin.t.th.directions,th.dru.ha.n.sid.effect.
4.H.glance,a.her.note.tha.thoug.sh.wa.tiny.sh.seeme.・ver.well.
5.Th.teache.cam.int.th.lab.follow,b.som.students.
6.tell.man.times,h.stil.repeate.th.sam.mistake
7.No.（receive,he.letter,h.wrot.again.参考答案:
1.offere.
2.Separate.
3.take.
4.notin.
5.followe.
6.Havin.bee.tol.
7.havin.receive.
（三）独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分常见的有generally speaking一般来说strictly/honestly/frankly speaking严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/given/taking*••into consideration考虑到judging from/by根据....判断compared with/to及....相比provided/providing/suppose/supposing/assuming假设to befrank/to tellyou the truth/tobehonest坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说To makethings/the matterworse更为糟糕的是seeing that鉴于Considering his age,he isquite tall.Judging fromhis look,he didnt agreewith you at all.I lostmy wayin completedarkness and,to makethings worse,it beganto rain.T.tel.yo.th.truth..a..littl.tired.6动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构如--------What made him angryMarys/My/His/Her/Their/The boys/The presidents beinglatemadehimangry.7过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being,构成动名词,做主语如Being exposedto thosun isharmful tothe skin.Being examinedtwice ayear,whether itis acar,a busoratruck,isthe rulethat everydriver mustobey inthis city.
1.经典练习:
2.It simportant forthe figuresupdateregularly.
3.No matterhow brighta talkeryou are,there aretimes whenit sbetterremain silent.
4.It sreally stupidofyoutell himthe newsyesterday soit hasbeendisturbing himall thetime.
5.understand yourown needsand stylesof communicationis asimportantas learningto conveyyour affectionand emotions.
6.worry aboutyour gradesdoesn thelp.Th.engin.jus.won’.start.Somethin,seem..go.wron.wit.it.参考答案
1.
1.updat.
2.t.remai.
3.t.hav.tol.
4.understandin.
5.worry in.
6.t.g.改错题一个句子最多有一处错误
1.It.standar.practic.fo..compan.lik.thi.on.emplo..securi t.officer.
2.Hea.ho.other,reac.t.th.boo.yo.hav.jus.rea.create,a.adde.pleasure.
3.Kno.basi.first-ai.technique,wil.hel.yo.respon.quickl.t.emergencies.
4.D.wel.i.a.intervie.wil.b.a.importan.par.o.gettin..plac.a university.・
5.He toldus whetherhave apicnic wasstill underdiscussion.
6.How preventthem fromswimming inthis riveris aproblem.参考答案
1.在employ前加t.
2.Hea.改为Hear in..
3.Kno.改.Knowing
4.D.改为Doin..
5.hav.前加t..
6.preven.前加to.二.作定语1作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如The Brownshave acomfortable housetolive in2）用不定式作定语的几种情况a.不定式表将来如Th.ca.t.b.bough,i.fo.hi.sister.b.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no.all.any,th.onL等限定的中心词,且及中心词为逻辑上的主动关系.如:He was.the bestman todo thejob.She wasthe firstwoman towin thegold medalintheOlympic Games.C.有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,c hance.warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等I dont trusthis promiseto comefor avisit.He saidhe hadno planto gothere.He madean attemptto standup.Birds singingis sometimesa warningto otherbirds tostay away.3）前置定语V+ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语:th.boiling,boile.water.正沸腾的水（表正在进行）/白开水（表完成）.good-lookin.flower.一朵好看的花儿（表特征.the developingcountries/the developedcountries发展中国家/发达国家the fallingleaves/the fallenleaves正在下落的叶子/落叶the remainingmoney/the moneyleft乘U下的钱注意英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到….・的“，过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如an excitingvoice一个令人兴奋的声音an excitedvoice一个兴奋的声音a puzzlingexpression——个令人困惑的表情a puzzledexpression一个困惑的表情4）区别下列后置定语的用法:tobedone表示被动、将来；done表示被动、完成；being done表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/feel/smell/look和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式Have youread thenovelwritten byDickensListen!The songbeingsung isvery popularwith students.The questiontobe discussedat tomorrows meetingisavery importantone.Th.foo.tastin.deliciou.sell.well.注意不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；having dong或者havingbeen done一般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成请完成下面的练习
1.There aremany peoplewait outsidethe hall.
2.There aremany problemsremain tobe solved.
3.The flowerssmell sweetattract alot ofpeople.
4.There aremany peopleinvite tothe party.
5.The film,set inthe19th century,won themedal.
6.The meetingholdnow is of great importance.
7.The meetingholdyesterday wasof greatimportance.
8.The meetinghold tomorrowisofgreatimportance.
9.He isalways thefirst comeand thelast leave.
10.He isthe onlyperson knowthetruth.
11.He wasthe bestdo thejob.
1.
1.grea.numbe.o.student.question,sai.the.wer.force,t.practic.th.piano.
14.Joh.ha.reall.go.th.jo.becaus.h.showe.m.th.officia.lette.offer,i.t.him.
15.Afte.completin.an.signin.it.pleas,retur.th.for.t.u.i.th.envelop..provide
16.Birds singin.i.sometime..warn in.t.othe.bird.stay.away.
17.Th.roo.i.empt.excep.fo..bookshelf standi.on.corner.
18.Laur.wa.awa.i.Pari.fo.ove..week.Whe.sh.go.home.ther.wa..pil.o mailwait.fo.her.・
19.The.migh.jus.hav..plac..leave,o.th.writin.course一wh.don.yo.giv.i..try
20.In somelanguages,100words makeup halfof allwordsuse indailyconversations.
21.Volunteering givesyouachancechange lives,including yourown.参考答案:
1.waitin.
2.remaining
3.smell in.
4.invite.
5.se.
6.bein.hel.
7.hel..
8.t.b.hel..
9.t.com.
10.t.leav.
11.t.kno.
12.t.d.
13.questione.
14.offerin.
15.provide.
16.t.sta.
17.standin.
18.waitin.
19.lef.
20.use..
21.t.leav.
22.t chang.・三,作表语（不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语）
1.动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作例如比较下列区别Hi.favorit.spor.i.swimming.（泛指游泳）Your tasktoday isto washthe curtains.（指一次具体的工作）固.excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired感至…exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring令人,••・He ismoved bythe movingmovie.Th.fil.i.moving....It isapleasant trip,（pleasant做前置定语）The tripis pleasing,（pleasing做表语）
3.注意下列表达方式M.ba.i.missing,lost.gone...fin.m.ba.missing/lost/gone.
4.remai.的表语1）remain tobedone仍需去做/有待于One problemremians tobe solved.L remiarut.b.see,whethe.th.operatio.wa.successful.2）remain做“仍然是”讲时，可用名词，adj,介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语。
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