电动汽车产业分析毕业设计外文文献模板

电动汽车产业分析毕业设计外文文献将来应用的清晰版本至于汽车行业，无声的绿色解决方案是经过重大改造后的汽油价格大幅上涨超过美元的水平，并为这些车辆的市场需求业引进更多的混合电动2汽车的燃油效率和减少污染车辆的市场由于石油价格上涨在过去几年里发展很快，这种现象已使纯电动汽车发展的汽车制造商和政府之间恢复牵引力消费市场带来了替代燃料汽车以及混合动力汽车和电动汽车重大增益研究波尔卡公司进行的市场调查显示，如在西欧国家和美国混合动力电HEV动汽车的销售份额上升的趋势戊型肝炎病毒的一个更大的份额和进行EV了预测时，她们结合起来事实上，从原始设备制造商选择混合动力汽车模型已经从是只可选择款（本田的和丰田的）到今天的可选择2insight Pries20款之多在混合动力汽车的销量在快速轨道以及更多的混合动力汽车在超过万出售进一步已知的混合动力汽车和电动汽车原始设备制造商承诺将改30进混合动力汽车产量甚至更多添加插件和电动车的线路将进一步加强和加快当前电气化的趋势雪佛兰伏特,第一款插入式混合动力车,和一堆计划（生产）电动汽车（销售商）为对北美北美最终消费者表示敬意将在北美市场上引出一轮新能源汽车电动汽车发展史2电动车的发展有着悠久的历史由于电动机的创造，电动汽车已经出现了年从简单的非充电控制系统，以艺术的现代国家，对电动车的发展可分150为三个阶段划分早期开发阶段

2.1电动车被认为是最早的汽车和内燃机遥遥领先它与比较主导世纪2020年代末到年代汽油车辆的车辆登记，并于代初的土地大部分车辆303:119性能记录这是一个重大的交通手段和广泛的社会使用当地交通从马车改进直到年，电动汽车领导和取代汽油车的发展，是永远无法回收的1930状况，原因如下成熟的汽油车，而且能够在合理的成本大规模生产随着型车大规模生产和制造过程的革命，车辆突然成为可供一般公众,进而以此T来改进生活;汽油汽车接任领导和赶超的电动汽车的性能和成本基础设施的改进和城市间的交通需求，往往需要较长的旅行距离，从来没有能够利用由电动车前缺乏基础设施的发展费用，可靠的电力传输和有限的旅行距离，电动汽车已不再适合消费者的需求，失去了优势,以普通汽油车有限或没有电子基础设施的支持被迫辞职和早期电动车数量储量丰富的汽油矿藏被广泛发现，以及廉价燃料造就了燃汽交通工具的广泛传播在世纪年代石油能源直接提供了廉价的运输车辆来源它2030能够进行这使周围的货柜,延长车辆的拥有流动性中期发展阶段

2.21930-1980电动车生产和发展来作为个人交通停止燃烧后发动机发生在年结1935束政治敏感性与欧佩克期间创立和年代的能源独立的必要性美国6070政府和环保重新提出更严格的燃料效率标准的行业，点燃一期间在电动汽车板的兴趣能源驱动的美国邮政服务年代初的危机放在了电动汽车70350试验车队大订单这是中期发展的最高节点然而，部分原因是由于性能有限，其它政府优先事项，董事会对公司的基础设施支持和参与范围，在此期间发展低调而迅速的下降现代发展阶段

2.3现代电动汽车发展的主导力量是由通用汽车生产的车队中的应用EV1,继美国能源部资助的计划，福特开发的电动汽车护理拿起卡车，丰田和本田提供的电动汽车提供了一个电动汽车以及世纪年代后期和RAV4209021世纪初不幸的是，这种电动汽车提供短期激增也没有把由于复杂的政治问题,实现商业化生产,经济,教育和技术,其中包括汽车生产成本和安全问题EV1电动车,兰杰,和本田电动车，车队测试的目的只，几乎所有的车辆已RAV4经停止出售，销毁和回收只有极少数的电动汽车存活在爱好者的手中现代的发展

2.4HEV然而，出现在年和初，一个新型的电动汽车由纯电动汽车本田1999推出了第一款混合动力汽车，本田对美国市场的汽车行业带来了另一Insight,个里程碑，在强劲的市场接受和普瑞斯混合动力技术的成功表明它的成熟和潜力福特推出了第一个美国混合动力电动汽车，混合动力车逃逸，SUV在曼哈顿坦克坦克事以及注册公里每小时在这个充血一般的城市交通开600辟了一个新的电动汽车之间的竞争领域至」，混合动力汽车销量超过总销量的更进一步，混合动力汽车I

2.5%丰田，本田和福特的下一代，引入更新的技术，沿着进一步完善燃油效率也同样得到了提高丰田公同在数量和型号的混合动力汽车领域的基地范围与它的领导者”协同驱动系统”本田和福特是正确的落后与她们的完全混合动力汽车产品o通用汽车提供混合动力轿车和卡车的“二模”的技术未来发展

2.5随着汽油价格上涨迅速，环境问题相结合，社会再次对社会责任的呼吁电动汽车和其它替代性燃料车辆突然变得流行了随着公布的雪佛兰伏特插件的概念几年前从日产纯电动汽车的电动汽车发展的新一轮复活成的周期计划在未来几年上升这种电动汽车的发OEM展趋势成果将在未来的三年中清晰可见相较于以前的电动汽车发展，有几个因素将确保这一点开始在未来的成功车辆经营者发展电动汽车的直接目标客户市场驱动的方法始终创立以合理的价格和性能竞争力和吸引力的产品早期采用者招技术和环境的初步领导人和用户她们愿意支持并有能力影响的成功还有各种教育计划和倡议转化燃料效率的汽车和一般的了EV解她们的利益电动汽车在最近几年将会很容易的被接受而且有很多教育计划和电动汽车的倡议改革者宽容的理解了车辆的燃油效率和它的好处在收费站的合作和基础设施发展出现了不同程度的关注各种商业模式正在探索业界和政府有信心，最终计划将达到之前的电动汽车大规模推出储能技术的改进使得锂电池应用成为汽车安全的复杂的系统管理升级系统，提高电动车的燃烧发动机媲美最后，适当的政府政策，为业界提供了一个发展的基础特殊的税收优惠和补贴将抵消购买电动汽车的消费者的负担这是针对该产品的信心投票当政府愿意提供资金和战略支持结论3像许多新兴的技术，电动汽车的开发和应用已经存在了很长一段时间，但直到最近，这项技术还没有真正起步尽管混合动力电动汽车开始作为一个很好的替代汽油的车辆，并广为媒体宣传，但它只是作为中间步骤或短期内解决的代表政府监管和环境的前景，特别是将带动运输电气化经过电动汽车将是最终目标事实上，在推出更多的模型到最终消费者，对电动汽车OEM EV的礼物将被广泛认为和认可随着新的道路上电动车的发展，也将推出相关技术，特别是在电力电子技术的巨大机遇我们将利用这个机会,有助于绿色潮流第章1英文原文Abstract-A vehicleis considerGreen whenit moreenvironmentally friendlythanthe traditionalpetroleum combustion engine,in whichincludes anynontraditionalvehicle like,HEV,Plug In,EV,Fuel Cell,Bio fueletc.thatimproves fueleconomy.The developmentof electric vehicle has been overahundred yearsbut failureto gain the publicacceptance invarious stagesdue tovariousreasons whichexplained.While EVwas nevermass produced,Hybridelectric vehiclegains themomentum inrecent years.Ford haslaunched itssecondgeneration of HEV andGM alsoannounced thedebut of the Voltin.Comparingto theregular HEV,Plug inis thenew trendin hybridauto developmentdue toextendtravel rangein electricalmode and a possibilityof azero emissionas longastravel distanceis lessthan chargingthreshold.However,more recently,anelectrification trendin automotiveindustry has been evolvedand willrevolutionizethe industry.With thecorrect policyand governmenthelp andadvancementof electric vehicle technology,the prospectof Electric Vehicle willbebright andthe focuspoint offuture development.Keywords-electric vehicle,hybrid,plug in,green,historyINTRODUCTIONAs associatedwith energyindependence and environmental issue,alternativefuel vehicle,especially Electricand Hybridelectric vehicle has becomepart ofthegovernment policyall overthe world.The unitedState mandatesa stricterfueleconomy standard.China issueda newenergy vehiclepolicy to accelerate subsidizethe deploymentof electricthis yearand set a goalof500k for.HongKong alsosetaclear visionfor EVapplication in the nearfuture.As for the auto industry,a silentgreen resolutionis undergosignificanttransformation aftergasoline pricerose significantlyto exceedUS$2level andmarketdemands forsuch vehicle.The industryintroduced morefuel efficientHEVs andless pollutedvehicles to the market.As Oilprice surgedrapidly during thelast fewyears,the phenomenonhas pushedpure electric vehicle developmentregainingtraction amongautomakers andgovernments.The consumermarkethas broughtsignificant gainin alternativefuel vehicleas wellas HEV and electricvehicles.A HEVstudy Fig.1conducted byPolkCompany indicatedanupward trendof marketshare ofHEV salesin UnitedState andWestern Europe.An evenbigger shareofHEVand EVwere predictedwhen theycombined.Infact,selection ofHEV modelsfrom OEMshave grownfrom twoInsightPriusin tomore thantwenties as today.Sales of the HEVare in the fasttrack alongwithmore than300,000HEV soldin

[2].Further knowncommitments ofHEV andelectric vehicle fromOEM willimprove the HEV productioneven more.Addingplug-in andelectric vehicleto theline upwill strengthenand acceleratethecurrentelectrification trend.Chevy Volt,the firstplug-in hybrid,andabunch ofplanned electric vehiclessaluted forend consumerin theNorth Americawill leadto around ofnew energyvehicle in themarket.HISTORY OFELECTRIC VEHICLEDEVELOPMENTThe developmentof electric vehiclehas a longhistory.Since theinvention ofelectricmotor,electric vehiclehasbeenaround for150years.From simplenon-chargeable tomodern stateof artcontrol system,the developmentof Electricvehiclecan beclassified intothree stages:Early developmentstageElectric vehiclewas consideredamong theearliest automobileand wellahead ofcombustionengine.It dominatedthe vehicleregistration with3:1comparing togasolinevehicles inthe late1920sto1930s andheld mostoftheland vehicleperformancerecord in early1900s.It was a majortransportation tooland widelyusedinthesociety forlocal transportationimproved fromhorse carriages.Until1930,electric vehicleleadership wasovertaken bygasoline vehicledevelopment and was never able to reclaimthe statusfor followingreasons:Maturity ofGasoline vehicleand canbe massproduced ata reasonablecost.Withthe massproduction ofModel Tmanufacture processrevolution,vehiclesbecame suddenlyavailable togeneral publicand proceedasaway toimprove life;Gasoline vehicletook overas theleader andsurpass electricvehicleboth inperformance andcost.Infrastructure improvementand demandofinter-city travelrequired a longer travel distance thatwasneverabletoexploit byelectric vehicle before.Lacking ofcharge infrastructuredevelopment,reliableelectricity transmissionand limitedtraveldistance,electricvehicleno longersuitedfor consumerdemand andlost theedge toregular gasolinevehicle.Limitedor noelectrical infrastructuresupport forcedthe resignationand abundanceofearlier electricvehicle.Widely discoveryof gasolineinthesate andready availabilityof cheapfuel alsocontributedthe spreadof gasolinevehicle.Petrol inthe1930s provideda directcheapsource of energy forvehicle transportation.It couldbe carriedaround bycontainerwhich enabledand extendedthe mobilityof owninga vehicle.B.Midterm development1930s-1980sElectric vehicleproduction anddevelopment cameto ahalt aspersonaltransportation aftercombustionenginetook overin

1935.Political sensitivitywithOPEC createda necessityofenergyindependence duringthe1960s and1970s.U.S Governmentand environmentalistreintroduced tougherfuel efficientstandardforthe industry andignited aboard interestin electricvehicleintheperiod.Energy crisisinearly70s driventhe USpostal serviceplaced alarge orderof350EV testfleet.It isthe highestnode ofmidterm development.However,partly dueto limitedperformance,other governmentalpriorities,lack ofboardinfrastructure support and rangeofcorporation participation,the developmentquiet downquickly duringthis period.C.Modern DevelopmentModernEV developmentwas dominatedby EV1who producedby GMfor fleetapplication.Following aprogram fundedby Departmentof Energy,Forddeveloped EVRanger pickup truck,Toyota providedRav4EVand Honda hadanEV availableas wellduring late1990s and early s.Unfortunately,this shortsurgeof EVavailability didnot realizedinto commercialproduction becauseof acomplicatedissue ofpolitics,economic,education andtechnology thatincludesvehicle productioncost andsafety concerns.EVI,Ranger,Rav4andHondaEVwere intendedfor fleettest only,almost allthe vehicleshasbeendiscontinued,destroyed andrecycled.Only ahandful ofelectricvehicleswere survivedunderthe handsof EVenthusiasts.D.Modern HEV developmentHowever,in1999andearlys,a newtype ofelectricvehicleemerged frompureelectric vehicle.Honda introducedthe firstHEV,Honda Insight,totheUSMarket thatbrought anothermilestone inautoindustry.With briskmarketacceptance andsuccess ofthe Prius,HEV technologyshows itmaturity andpotential.Ford introducedthe firstAmerican hybridelectricvehicle,Escape SUVHEYduringtheManhattan ona Tankevent andregistered600miles/tank incongestivecity trafficthat openeda newera ofcompetition inUS amongHEVs.By yearof,the HEVsales weremore than

2.5%for totalsalesvolume.In deep,the nextgeneration ofHEV fromToyota,Honda andFordhas introducedinto withfurther refinementalong updatedtechnology.Fuelefficiency hasimproved as well.Toyota isthe clearleader intheHEVarena baseon volumeand rangeof modelswithit synergydrive system”.Honda andFord areright behindwith theirofferingin fullhybrids.GM offersits“two mode“technology inhybrid passengercarsand trucksaswell.E.Future DevelopmentAsgasoline pricerise rapidly,combined withenvironmental concern,the societyrenewsthe callfor socialresponsibility.ElectricVehicleand otherAFV suddenlybecomespopular again.With announcementoftheChevy Voltplug-in conceptcouple yearsago andpureelectric vehiclefrom Nissan,a newround ofEVdevelopment has resurrectedintoOEMs cycleplan inthe upcoming years.The fruitof thisEV trendwill beseenin thenext threeyears.Comparing toprevious electricvehicle development,there area fewfactors thatwillensure thisinitiation besuccessful inthe future:Vehicle operatorsare thedirect targetcustomers ofdeveloping EV.Marketdriven approachalways createscompetitive andattractive productsat reasonablecostand performance.Early technologyand environmentaladopter willthe initialleaders andusers.They arewilling tosupportandhas thecapability toinfluence thesuccess.Also variouseducation programsand EVinitiatives transformgeneralunderstanding offuel efficientvehicles andtheir benefits.Warm acceptanceofelectric vehicleis highinthecoming years.Cooperation incharge stationand infrastructuredevelopmenthasgained attentionatdifferent level.Various businessmodels arebeing explored.The industryandgovernment areconfident thatfinal planwill reachprior tothe masslaunch ofelectricvehicle.Energy storagetechnology improvementmakes lithiumbattery applicationbecamesafe invehicle.Sophistication ofsystem managementupgrades andimproveselectricvehicletoacomparable levelof combustionengine.Lastly,proper governmentpolicy providesa developmentfoundation fortheindustry.Special taxincentives andsubsidy willoffset consumerburden forpurchasingelectric vehicle.It isa confidentvote forthe productwhen governmentis willingtoprovide financialand strategicsupport.III.CONCLUSIONLike manyemerging technology,electricvehicledevelopmentandapplicationhave beenaround foralongtime,but untilrecently,the technologyhas notreallytaken off.Even thoughHEV startedasagood alternativeto gasolinevehicle andwellpublicized bythe media,but itonly representedas theintermediate stepornear termsolution.Government regulationandenvironmentalprospect,inparticular willdrive theadoption oftransportation electrification.Electric vehiclewillbe thefinal goal.Alongwith newelectricvehicledevelopment onthe way,it willalso introducetremendousopportunity inassociated technologyespecially inPower electronics.We shallutilize thisopportunity andcontribute tothe greentrend.第章2中文译文引言一辆汽车被认为是绿色的，如果这部车比传统燃油内燃机对环境更友好，而这种汽车包含了任何非传统的汽车，如混合动力汽车，包括燃油EV,电池，生物燃料等提高了燃油经济性电动车的开发已超过,但未能获得1公众接受在不同阶段，由于各种原因的解释虽然从来没有大规模生产电动汽车，混合动力电动汽车在近几年增长的势头福特已经推出了第二代混合动力汽车和通用汽车公司也宣布在首演相较于普通混合动力汽车，堵塞是由于混合动力汽车的发展模式，扩大旅游范围和电力的一个零排放的可能性，只要行走距离的新趋势比收费门槛低可是，最近以来，在汽车行业的电气化趋势已经形成，它将改变这个行业有了正确的政策和政府的帮助和电动汽车技术的进步，对电动汽车的前景将是光明和未来发展的聚焦点关键字-电动汽车,混合动力,插入,绿色,历史引言1由于能源独立和环境问题，替代燃料车辆，特别是电力和混合动力电动汽车已经成为相关政府政策的一部分，在世界各地美国推广了一项更严格的燃油经济标准中国发布了一项新能源汽车补贴政策，以加速和部署今年的电力，并为万的目标香港还成立了电动汽车在不久的50。