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JOHN SNOWDEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”约输•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”Cholera used to be one of the mostfeareddisease in the world,until aBritish doctor,John Snow,showed howit couldovercome.This illnesscauses severediarrhoea,dehydration,and evendeath.In early19th century,when outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people diedthe disease.As a young doctor,John Snowbecamefrustrate becauseno oneknew how to preventtreat cholera.In time,herise tobecome a famousdoctor,and evenattended toQueen Victoriawhen shegave birth.However,he neverlost hisdesiredestroycholera oeceand for all.在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望In general,doctors inthose dayshad twocontradictory theoriesexplainhow choleraspread.theory was that badair causedthe disease.The otherwas thatcholeracause by an infectionfrom germsin food or water.Snowsubscribed thesecond theory.It wascorrect,but hestill neededproof.consequence,when anoutbreakof cholerahitLondon in1854,Snow began to investigate.He discoveredthat intwo particularstreets thecholeraoutbreak was so severemore than500people diedin tendays.He wasdeterminedfind outwhy.关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱斯诺赞同第二种看法这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡他决心查明原因Snow beganby markingon a map theexact places all thosewho diedhad lived.There weremultipleddeath nearthe water pump inBroad Streetespecially housenumbers16,37,38,and

40.However,some householdssuch as20and21Broad Street,and8and9Cambridge Streethaveno deaths.These peopleworked in the pubat7Cambridge Street.Theygive freebeer,and sohad notdrunk thewater from the pump.Snow suspectedthat thewaterpumpwasblame.What ismore,in anotherpart ofLondon,a womanand herdaughter haddied ofcholera aftermoving awayfrom BroadStreet.seemed that the womanliked thewaterfrom thepump somuch that she haditdeliver toher houseevery day.As a result ofthis evidence,John Snow was ableannouncethatthe pumpwater carriedcholera germs.according,he hadthe handleof thepumpremove so that itcould notbe used.Through thisintervention,the diseasestopin itstracks.斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置宽街水泵附近有多例死亡尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅，但是有些住户如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号却无人死亡这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来有了这个证据，约翰・斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延Thetrue wasthat thewater from the BroadStreet pumpinfectby waste.Moreover,Snowwaslater able to showa linkother casesofcholera and the differentwater companiesin London.Some companiessold waterfrom the RiverThames waspolluted byraw waste.The people who drankthis waterwere muchlikely to getcholerathan whodrank pureor boiledwater.事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤土河与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱Through Snowstireefforts,water companiesbegan tosell cleanwater and the threatofcholeraaround the world seea substantialdecrease.,cholera is still aproblem.Each year,millions ofpeople around the worldget choleraand manydie fromit.fortune,we nowknowhowprevent cholera,thanks thework ofJohnSnow.Moreover,in hisuse ofmaps andstatistics,Snow transformedthe wayscientists studydiseases.For thisreason,Snow considerthe father ofmodern epidemiology.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低然而，霍乱仍是问题每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生幸运的是，由于约翰-斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父shopping,but Ifind myenergy levels are higherwhen I eat freshfood.Su Boused toorder manyof hismeals online,sothathe couldspendmore timeworking,but hesoon stoppedthis habit.HI realisedit wasntgood tonever take a breakfrom myjob,“he said,Besides,the foodoften mademe ill.For Su Bo thismeant cookinghis ownvegetables,eating lessmeat,and carryingfruit towork forlunch.Sometimes Ibuy oneor twobaozi fromthe foodstore on the comerbut Iusually makeand bringmy ownlunch towork.LikeMei Lin,Su Boinsists thateating healthyfood helpshim with his fitnessroutine.但这种趋势并不是只有女性才会接受深圳岁的电脑程序员苏波说，除了工作出差的时候，他已经放弃了吃打包的食物，”26对我来说，这是一个希望健康和有足够能量的问题我的工作要求很高，我需要一个敏锐的头脑和强壮的身体逛街确实需要更多的时间，但我发现吃新鲜食物时，我的能量水平会更高”苏波曾经在网上订购了很多饭菜，这样他就可以花更多的时间工作，但他很快就停止了这个习惯”我意识到，从来不休息的工作是不好的「他说，”此外，这些食物经常让我生病”对于苏波来说，这意味着他要自己做菜，少吃肉，中午带着水果去上班”有时我会在街角的食品店买一两个包子，但我通常会自己做午饭，带着午饭去上班”和梅林一样，苏波也坚持吃健康食品有助于他的日常健身Both admitthat in times ofstress orbusy periodsat work,they dosometimes givein andeat fastfoodorpackaged meals.Sometimes Ijusthave to eat somethingon therun,says MeLin,But Ialways regretit.I amso usedto mydiet nowthat whenIeatless healthyfood,I feeltired.I exerciseless as aresultSu Boinsists thathe doesstill sometimesenjoy eatingon thego But I almostalways eathealthymeals.Because Ilive athome andmy motherprefers to eat likeI do,we oftencook together.Itfs myfather who likes to eat fastfood infrontof theTV.he laughs.两人都承认，在工作压力大或忙碌的时候，他们有时也会让步，吃快餐或包装食品”有时候我就是要在边走边吃点东西，“梅林说，“但我总是后悔我现在已经习惯了自己的饮食习惯，少吃点健康的食物就会觉得累，我的运动量也因此减少了”苏波坚持认为，自己有时确实还是喜欢边走边吃”但我几乎都是吃健康的饭菜因为我住在家里,我母亲也喜欢和我一样吃饭，所以我们经常一起做饭倒是我爸喜欢在电视机前吃快餐”他笑道When askedwhether theireating habits are common among theirage group,both MelLin andSu Bosay theyare.Yet,its notclearwhether this food trendwill beadopted by other youngChinese people.Are MelLin andSu Bounique orare theysetting anew trendItstoo early to say.当被问及他们的饮食习惯是否在同龄人中普遍存在时，梅林和苏波都表示是然而，这种饮食潮流是否会被其他中国年轻人所采用，目前还不得而知梅林和苏波是独树一帜，还是在引领新的潮流？现在说还为时过早Unit

4.JOURNEY ACROSS AVAST LANDTravelfar enough,you meetyourself.David Mitchell在一段足够远的旅行中，你会遇到（内心的）自己Reading andThinkingLi Daiyu and hercousin Liu Qian wentto Canadato visittheir cousinsin Halifaxon theAtlantic coast.Rather thantravel bycommercialairline all the way,they decidedto flyto Vancouverand thentake the train.For bothof them,the thought of crossingthe wholecountyby railwas exciting.李黛予和表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表兄妹她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已Before startingout,they spenta coupleof daysin Vancouver,seeing thesights.During theirfirst day,as istypical ofVancouver,itrained.Despite theweather,they wereable to take aboat rideout into the bay,and latervisit anisland thathad wonderfulshops sellingcrafts and antiques.The nextday wasclear andmild,and they were pleasedto see the beautifulmountains lookingout over the city.Later they took apleasant hikein aforest justa shortdistance away.出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光第一天温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙尽管天气不佳，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意The next morning,the twogirls aroseearlytotake the train to Lake Louise,passing through the Canadian Rockies.Seen fromthe trainwindow,the mountains and forestsof Canadalooked massive.When the train arrivedat thestation,theytook a taxitoLakeLouisewhere the blue waterliterally tooktheir breathaway withits exceptionalbeauty.They spentthe night,and then tookacoach boundnorththrough theCanadianRockiesto Jasper.Looking atthe beautifulscenery,they bothagreed thatit was the mostawesome journeytheyhad evertaken.In addition to seeingspectacular mountainpeaks andforests,one highlightof their trip wasbeing able to seemanydifferent creatures,including deer,mountain goats,and evena grizzlybear andan eagle.次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车穿越加拿大落基山脉从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄住了夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，如鹿、山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只老鹰From Jasper,they caughtthe traintowards Toronto.One of the train*s firststops wasin Edmonton,the provincialcapital ofAlberta,thecentre ofCanada*s hugeoil andgas drillingindustry.Edmonton isfreezing coldin winter,with dailytemperatures averaging-10C.Since itcan betoo coldto gooutdoors,Edmonton ishome tomany shopping malls.In fact,one of the largestshoppingmallsin NorthAmericais inEdmonton.在贾斯珀，她们坐上了开往多伦多的火车火车的头几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，这是阿尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业中心埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下摄氏度由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，因此埃德蒙顿拥10有众多大型购物中心事实上，北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿From Edmonton,thetrainheaded southeastacross thegreat CanadianPrairie.At school,DaiyuandLiuQianhad learntthat Canadaspopulationis onlyslightly overthirty-seven million.However,they didnot anticipateseeing suchan opencountry,and weretrulyamazed.They wentthrough twowheat-growing provinces,where theysaw abunch offarms thatcovered avery largearea.火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原黛予和刘倩在学校学过，加拿大的人口才刚过万但两3700人还是未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度，真是惊叹不已她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场After anotherday on thetrain,eventually they were backin anurban area,the cityof Winnipeg.From there,they travelledthrough thenight,and woke up inOntario—a landof forestsand lakes.The trainthundered on,throughtherolling hills.The bushesand mapletreesoutside theirwindows werered,gold,and orange,and there was froston the ground,confirming that autumn had arrived inCanada.Night cameagain,and thetrain turnedsouth towardsToronto.When theywokeup the nextmorning andpulled backthe curtain,theycould seethe widestretch of Lake Huron-one of the fourGreat Lakeson Ontario*s southernborder.It wasnot until9:30am.that theyfinallyreached thecapital ofOntario,Toronto.All in all,theirtripfrom Vancouverto Torontohad takena durationof fourdays.她们在火车上又度过了天，最终回到了都市区域一温尼伯市从该市出发，她们连夜前行，从梦乡中醒来时火车已抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大略省火车继续轰隆隆地向前行驶，穿过绵延的群山窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季夜幕再次降临，火车转向南行，开往多伦多次日清晨，她们醒来，拉开车窗窗帘，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘休伦湖是安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天Using LanguageSEEINGTHE TRUENORTH VIARAIL:TORONTO ANDMONTREALAfter Daiyuand hercousin arrivedin Toronto,the largestand wealthiestcity inCanada,they onlyhada few hoursto killbefore they hadto proceedto thenext legof theirtrip toMontreal,so theywent on a tourof the city.They wentuptheCN Towerand lookedacross theshoresofLakeOntario.Standing in the distance,theywereastonished tosee mistyclouds risingfromthegreat NiagaraFalls,which ison the southside of the lake.Water fromthe lakelows into the NiagaraRiver andover thefalls onits wayto thesea.李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛她们登上加拿大国家电视塔，眺望安大略湖畔站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已湖水流人尼亚加拉河，越过尼亚加拉瀑布，最终汇入大海The girlssaw hundredsof skyscrapersof glassand steeland old-fashioned carsrolling by.As theywalked northfromtheharbour area,Li Daiyusaid,“Lin Fei,one of my mothers oldschoolmates,lives here.1should phoneher andsee ifshes availablefor dinner.”两个女孩看到很多玻璃和钢筋建造的摩天大楼，还有老式汽车从身边驶过离开港口区后，她们向北行走李黛予说“我妈妈的老同学林菲就住在这里我得给她打个电话，看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭”They metLin Feiaround duskover dinnerata restaurant indowntown Chinatown.The cousinschatted withLin Fei,who hadmoved toCanada many yearsearlier.黄昏时分，她们在市中心唐人街的一家餐馆里与林菲见了面，并共进晚餐林菲多年前就来到加拿大生活表姐妹俩与她畅聊了一番“This is the largestChinatown inToronto.We have a fewmore in the GreaterToronto Area,so you can guess that there are a lot ofChinese people inCanada!Chinese peoplehave beencoming herefor morethan ahundred years.Therefore,we canget allkinds ofgreatfood herefrom allover China,“Lin Feitold them.“这是多伦多最大的唐人街大多伦多地区还有几个唐人街，你们可以猜到加拿大有很多中国人！一百多年来，不断有中国人来到这里所以，我们在这里能吃到中国各地的各色美食”林菲告诉她们The trainleft latethat nightand arrivedin Montrealearly thenextmorning.At thestation,in contrastto Toronto,they heardpeopletalking in French.They weresurprised tosee that allthesigns andadvertisements wereinFrenchand many people spokeEnglish with anaccent.火车于当天深夜出发，次日一早抵达蒙特利尔在火车站她们听见人们用法语交谈，这与多伦多形成鲜明对比两人惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写的，而且许多人说英语都有口音“We don91leave untilthis evening,“said LiuQian,Let sgo downtown.Old MontrealIs closeto thewater.”“我们要到傍晚才动身”刘倩说，“咱们到市区逛逛吧蒙特利尔老城区就在河边”They spentthe afternoonin lovelyshops andvisiting artistsin theirworkplaces alongSt PaulStreet.As theysat in arestaurantalongsidethe broadSt Lawrence River,ayoungman satdown with them.整个下午，她们穿梭于一家家可爱的小店，拜访圣保罗街边工作坊里的艺术家们两人在宽阔的圣劳伦斯河边上的“Hello,my nameis Jean-Philippe.I9m aphotographer.he said,“and I was wonderingwhere you are from”“你们好，我叫让・菲利普，是一名摄影师”他说道，“请问你们从哪里来？The girlstold himtheywerefrom Chinaand wereon atrain tripacross Canada.When theytold himtheyhadonly oneday inMontreal,he said,That stoo bad.You oweit to yourselves tostay longer.Overall,Montreal is a citywith wonderfulsights andsounds.Most ofusspeak bothEnglish andFrench,and the city hasunique Quebecculture andtraditions.There arefantastic restaurants and clubsaround,too.Here,we lovegood coffee,toast andcheese.And goodmusic,of course”姑娘们告诉他，她们来自中国，并且正在进行横跨加拿大的火车之旅得知她们只能在蒙特利尔逗留一天时，他说道“那太可惜了，你们应该多待几天总的来说，蒙特利尔是一座声色俱佳的城市我们大多数人既说英语，也说法语这座城市拥有独特的魁北克文化和传统此外，这里还有很棒的餐馆和酒吧这里的人酷爱美味的咖啡、吐司和奶酪当然，还有动听的音乐！”That nightthetrainwas speedingalong theSt.LawrenceRivertowards theGulf ofSt Lawrenceand downto thedistant eastcoasttowards theprovince ofNova Scotiaand its largest city,Halifax.The cousinsdreamt happilyof thebeautiful cobblestonestreets,oldbrick buildings,andthered mapleleaves ofMontreal.当晚，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河向圣劳伦斯湾飞驰，经过远方的东海岸，驶向新斯科舍省及其最大的城市哈利法克斯在梦乡中，表姐妹俩愉快地回味着蒙特利尔美丽的鹅卵石街道、古老的砖砌建筑和鲜红的枫叶Reading andWriting WorkbookXUXIAKES GUILIN徐霞客的桂林It is10in themorning,and I am travellingby raftdown theLi River.The sunis alreadyburning hoteven thoughit hasnot yetreachedfull strength,but acalm breezecools myskin.So farthe dayis wonderfulbut thepurpose ofmy tripis notjust to have fun:I amfollowingin thefootsteps ofXu Xiake1587-1641,the famousChinese travelwrite andgeographer.Though Xu was fromJiangsu,he一spent morethan80years travellingthroughout thecountry,and greatlyadmired mydestination todayOx Gorge.现在是上午点，我正乘着竹筏顺着漓江而下虽然太阳还没有完全晒到，但已经是火辣辣的了，但一阵阵平和的微风却10让我的皮肤凉爽起来到目前为止，今天的天气是美好的，但我此行的目的不仅仅是为了玩乐我是在追随徐霞客1587-1641的脚步，他是中国著名的旅行作家和地理学家虽然徐是江苏人，但他花了多年的时间走遍了全国各地，他非常欣赏我80今天的目的地峡谷--OxAs weflow downthe river,we aresurrounded bysteep hillssticking upinto thesky-karsts.Unique amongmountains,karsts wereformedover thousands of yearsas raindrained into the acidicsoil andmelted thesoft rock,leaving theharder rockbehind,Guangxi is一full ofkarsts,giving it some of the mostinteresting-and beautifulscenery in the world.Xu was one of the firstpeople to make acarefulstudy ofGuilins karstsand theirrelated cavesystems.He,like manypeople today,found themfascinating.当我们顺着河水往下走的时候，四周都是直插云霄的陡峭山体--喀斯特喀斯特是山地中独一无二的，是几千年来雨水排入酸性土壤，融化了柔软的岩石，留下了坚硬的岩石，广西到处都是喀斯特，形成了世界上最有趣、最美丽的风景徐先生是最早对桂林岩溶及其相关洞穴系统进行仔细研究的人之一他和今天的许多人一样，觉得它们很迷人Suddenly,our rafthits somerapids,and Ifind myselfcovered inwater,I turnto myraftsman and we sharea laugh.The waternot onlykeepsus cool,but it is allpart ofthe adventure.突然，我们的竹筏遇到了一些急流，我发现自己浑身都是水，我转过身来，和筏工一起哈哈大笑水不仅让我们感到凉爽，而且这都是冒险的一部分What madesomeone likeXu spendyears travellingthousandsofkilometres awayfrom homePerhapsits the same reasonas mine:to explorethe worldand todiscover newthings.As Xu wrote,“A greatman shouldin themorningbe atthebluesea,and in the eveningat MountCangwu.Why shouldI restrictmyself toone corn erofthe world是什么原因让许某人长年累月地在离家数千公里的地方旅行？也许和我的原因一样探索世界，发现新事物正如徐所写的那样”大丈夫当朝游碧海而暮苍梧为什么要把自己限制在世界的某个角落呢？”Xuwasnot alone.Much liketoday,the lateMing Dynastywas agolden ageof tourismwithin China.People travelledhundreds ofkilometresto visittemples,go mountainclimbing,or explorescenery.徐先生并不孤独，和今天一样，明朝末年是中国国内旅游的黄金时代人们不远千里去参观寺庙，去爬山，或者去游览风景Unit

5.FIRST AIDIt9sa great honourto savea life.一Leigh Bardugo.救人一命，善莫大焉Reading andThinkingFIRST AIDFOR BURNSTheskin is an essentialpart of your bodyand isitslargestorgan.Your skin acts as a barrieragainst disease,toxins,andthe suns raysItalso helpscontrol your body temperature,prevents yourbody fromlosing toomuch water,warns youwhen thingsare toohot orcold,and givesyou yoursense oftouch.As you can imagine,getting burntcan leadto veryserious injuries.The firstand mostimportant stepinthe treatmentof burnsis givingfirst aid.皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施烧伤的原因CAUSES OFBURNSYou canget burntby avariety ofthings:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiatio n,thesun,electricity,acids,or otherchemicals.很多东西都会造成烧伤灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品烧伤的种类TYPES OFBURNSBurns aredivided intothree types,depending on the depthof skindamage根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类First-degree burnsThese affectonly thetop fewmillimetres ofthe skin.These burnsare notserious.Examples includemild sunburnandburns caused byotherminor householdincidents.一度烧伤仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤Second-degree burnsThese gobelow thetop layeroftheskin.They areserious andtakea few weeksto getbetter.Examples includeburns causedbyhot liquids.二度烧伤伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤Third-degree burnsThese affectevery layeroftheskin,and sometimesthe tissueunder it.Examples includeburnscausedby electricshocks,burning clothes,or petrolfires.These burnscause verysevere internalinjuries andthe victimmust goto the hospital at once.三度烧伤伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院烧伤的特点CHARACTERISTICS OFBURNSFirst-degree burns•dry,red,and mildlyswollen•mildly painful•turn whitewhen pressedSecond-degree burns•red andswollen,blisters:watery surface•extremely painfulThird-degree burns•black andwhite•swollen,the tissueunderneath canoften beseen•little orno painif nervesare damaged:maybe painfularoundtheedges ofthe burn一度烧伤•干燥、发红、微肿•微痛•受压时变白二度烧伤•发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液•极度疼痛三度烧伤•皮肤发黑或变白•肿胀；通常可见皮下组织•如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感急救处理FIRST-AID TREATMENT1Place burnsunder coolrunning water,especially withinthe firstten minutes,The coolwater stopsthe burningprocess andreduces thepain and swelling..将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀12Dry theburnt areagently with a cleancloth.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分

3.4Remove anyclothes usingscissors ifnecessary,unless youseethefabric stickingto theburnt skin..如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起56Cover theburnt areawithaloose cleancloth.Applying oilto theinjured areasis abad idea,as itwill keepthe heatinthewounds andmaycause infection.•用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染47If burnsare onthe face,make surethe victimcan stillbreathe.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸

8.9If the victim is suffering from secondor third-degree burns,there isanurgent need totakehim/her to thehospitalat once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院10Using LanguageChenWei,a highschool student in Beijing,had hisdinner interruptedwhen heheard someonescreaming from another table.A fellowdineratthe restaurant,Zhang Tao,was chokingon somesteak.He wasnow holdinghis throatwithhisface turningred,while hisdesperatefriends wereslapping himontheback.北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部Chen wastedno time.He gotup andran toZhangs tableatonce.With thehelp ofZhangs friends,he wasableto help Zhangto hisfeet.Then,standing behindZhang,Chen didthe Heimlich manoeuvre.The foodwas instantlyforced out,and Zhangbegantobreathe again.Ten minuteslater,an ambulancearrived.The doctorschecked Zhangand madesure thathe wasfine.They suggestedhe eatmore slowlyandtake smallerbites before they left.陈伟毫不迟疑他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了十分钟后，救护车赶到医生们为张涛做了检查，确保他没有大碍离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食Choking victimsusually haveonly aboutfour minutesbeforetheycollapse andsometimes die,leaving notime for an ambulancetoarrive.To solvethis problem,in1974,an Americandoctor,Henry Heimlich,created theHeimlich manoeuvre,saving thousandsof livesaroundthe world.Doing theHeimlich manoeuvreis quick,practical,and easy.It isso easy,in fact,that almostanyone can learn how.噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利・海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会If yousee someonechoking,first callthe emergencyservices.Then,make surethevictimis reallychoking:A chokingperson cannotspeak.Slapping thevictims backwill oftenforce outthe obstruction.If thisdoes notwork,you canperform theHeimlich manoeuvrebystanding behindhim andwrapping yourarms aroundhis waist.Make afist withone handand placeit inthe upperpart of his stomach.Grabbing yourfist withyour other hand tightly,push up and intohis stomachin onemotion.Continue doingthis untilthe obstructionisforced out.如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电适然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了人被噎时是无法说话的拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法具体做法是站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上再往里挤压重复上述动作，直至异物排出Doing theHeimlichmanoeuvreonasmall childis notrecommended,as you may hurthim.Instead,lay thechild facedown onyour lapwith the headlower thantherest of hisbody,and thengive firmslaps tohis upperback untilhe canbreathe again.不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他/她相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他/她恢复呼吸With chokingvictims,every minutecounts.You cannotjust standby anddo nothing.Luckily,Chen hadlearnt how to givefirs aidinschool.Seeing Zhangchoking,he remainedcalm andreacted immediately.Chen latersaid about the incident,nHow couldI justifysittingthere anddoing nothingWe are all humansandweall havea responsibilityto lookafter oneanothers welfare.”救助噎食者，分秒必争不要袖手旁观幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道“我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢？大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福”Reading andWriting WorkbookISYOUR HOME SAFE您的家安全吗？Your homecan bea dangerousplace,but bymaking itsafer youcan preventacc idents.The kitchen,bathroom,and bedroomare wheremostaccidents happen.These caninclude falls,fires,p oisoning,cuts,hot waterburns,and electric shocks.您的家可能是一个危险的地方，但通过使它更安全，您可以防止事故的发生厨房、浴室和卧室是发生事故最多的地方这些事故包括摔倒、火灾、中毒、割伤、热水烫伤和电击厨房THE KITCHEN地板潮湿时，人可能会滑倒，所以要确保地板保持干燥使用刀子时，一定要从身体向外切遵守所有电器的使用说明使用后要拔掉所有电器的插头卧室THE BEDROOM绝不在床上吸烟在床边放一盏灯在床边放一个电话，特别是当你感觉不舒服的时候不要在地毯下面走电线洗手间THE BATHROOM不要在水中站立时插电器插头或使用电器不要在有水的浴缸附近使用吹风机保持浴室地面干燥确保您的热水器设置在低温状态预防火灾PREVENTING FIRESFirescan causete rrible damagetoyour home andte rrible injuriesto people.If there is afire,your firstprior ity sgetting everyoneoutof thehouse safely,and thencalling forhelp.Never goback intoa burningbuilding tosave yourthing.火灾会给你的家造成可怕的损失，也会给人们带来可怕的伤害如果发生火灾，您的首要任务是让每个人都安全地离开房子，然后打电话求救千万不要回到燃烧的建筑物中去救你的东西购买不容易燃烧的衣服、窗帘、玩具等使用加热器时要非常小心，因为它们可能会使物体着火烹饪时要远离家具，不要让油接触到火或其他热源每年都要检查电线多次，确保电线处于良好状态当您长时间不在家时，请关闭您的煤气和电确保家中装有灭火器儿童和家庭安全CHILDREN ANDHOME SAFETYHomesare notalways safeplaces for young children.Being curious,the maystick theirfingers orobjects intodangerous placesand endupsufferingfromelectricshocksor gettingburnt.In addition,they maytry toeat ordrink anythingthey canfind,whether it isfoodor对幼儿来说，家庭并不总是安全的not.For thesereasons,it is important to make yourhome safeif you have youngchildren about.地方由于好奇心强，他们可能会把手指或物品伸进危险的地方，最终遭受电击或被烫伤此外，他们可能会尝试吃或喝任何他们能找到的东西，不管它是否是食物因此，如果您有小孩在身边，让您的家变得安全是很重要的将火柴放在儿童无法触及的地方将所有清洁用品存放在上锁的柜子里切勿将小孩单独留在浴室内在电源插座上加盖符所有蕖物放在完童瓢法斶及的地方让老人的家更安全MAKING YOURHOMESAFEFOR THEELDERLYThe elderlypresent specialchallenges,as theymay havetrouble moving aboutand can be seriouslyhurt infalls.If you havean elderlypersonin yourhome,youmayneedtotake someextra measurestomakeyourhomesafer.老年人提出了特殊的挑战，因为他们可能会有行动不便，并可能在跌倒时受到严重伤害如果您的家中有老人，您可能需要采取一些额外的措施，使您的家更安全确保家中的通道保持畅通在浴室和淋浴间内和旁边铺设防滑浴垫沿着通道墙壁和在浴室内放置扶手To raisenew questions,new possibilities,to regardold problemsfrom anew anglerequires creativeimagination andmarks realadvancein science.——Albert EinsteinLeopold Infeld译文提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步THE FATHEROF CHINAS AEROSPACE中国航天之父Perhaps noother scientisthas hadagreat impacton Chinasaerospace sciencethan QianXuesen.describe by the authorsof theStoryof QianXuesen asamanwith“great scientificthought andscientific spiritwho waspatriotic andserved his homeland effort,achievement anddevotion,Qian wasextremely well-respected man.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献，成就斐然bear inHangzhou in1911,Qian attendschools in Beijing and then enteredShanghai JiaoTong Universityto studyRailwayMechanical Engineering.However,after theSonghu Battlebroke in1932,Qian madethe decisiontoswitch hismajor aviationbecause herealised thatChina neededits ownpowerful airforceto protectand defendthecountry.钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业Qian wentto theUnited Statesin1935to pursuehis graduatestudies.Over thecourse ofthe1930sand1940s,Qian becamea pioneerAmericanjet androcket technology.a graduateassistant atthe Californiainstitute ofTechnology duringthe1930s,Qian helpedconduct importantresearch rocketpropulsion,and inthe1940s,he andseveral otherpeoplefoundthe JetPropulsion Laboratory,now one of NASASleading space-exploration centres.1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索研究中心After overcomingsome difficultiesduring hisfinal fewyears inthe USQian returnedChina in

1955.He receivedaheros welcomehishomelandandput incharge ofnot onlydeveloping Chinasrocket sciencebut also itsspace andmissile programme.At thattime,China waspoor and its rocketsciencedevelop.No instituteor universityin Chinaofferedrocket sciencea major,and therewere notalents expertsin thisfield in China.,Qian didnot letthat discouragehim takingonthechallenge.Whenask“Can weChinese possiblymake missiles^^his replywas adetermineWhy notWe Chineseare abletomake the samethings otherpeople make.”留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战有人问他:“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？他的回答十分坚定:“有什么不能的外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来”Under Qiansleadership5,China developedthe Dongfengmissiles,follow bythe firstgeneration ofLong Marchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccess launchedits firstman-made satellite,Dong FangHong I,fromaLong Marchrocket.Because muchofthetechnologybehind theShenzhou rocketscan alsotrackback toQian*s research,Qian earnedthe nameof“thefatherof Chinasaerospace.在钱学森领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父Qian reada lotand wasextremeknowledgeable,especially inthe areaof frontierscience research.However,might havemade himsuchan outstandingand creativescientist wasprobably hisstrong interestn otherthings,such asmusic anddrawing.His deepappreciation forart oftengave himinspirein hisscientific research.钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感On31October2009,the wholecountrysad byQians death,and peoplehonoured andremembered himdifferent ways.2009年10月31Fl,钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他A WORLDOF PURETHOUGHT一个纯思维的世界Stephen Hawking wasoneofthe most famousandgift scientistsin physics.Most peopleare familiarimages ofhim in hiswheelchair unableto moveanduse acomputer totalk.Since hecame downwithadisease causedhim tolose the use ofmost ofhismuscles,his worldbecame oneof abstractthink.史蒂芬霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子他因患♦病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界Hawking firstachieved famehe wasstill healthyenough towalk,a graduatestudentinphysics atCambridgeUniversity in

1964.general therewere twomain theoriesontheorigin ofthe universe.The firstwas thesteady statetheory,which holdstheuniverse hasno beginningor end.The wasthe big bang theory,which holdsthat theuniversebegan asingle pointintimeand space.Thebig championofthesteady stateconcept wasFred Hoyle,aprofessor atCambridge.During thequestion andanswer periodoneofHoyles lectures,Hawking stoodupandpointed一out thatHoylemake amistake inhis maths.Once themathscorrect,it showedthat the bigbang theory and not thesteady statetheory-was true.Hawkings ownwork onthebigbangtheorywas soonproven byastronomers telescopes.A starwas born.霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论:第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德・霍伊尔教授在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究一位明星就此诞生了So,what madeStephen Hawkinga geniusbeingbrilliant,he wasbrave,though sometimescareless inwhat hesaid ordid.He waswillingto sayothers wereafraid tosay,and todream ofothers wereafraid todream about.,he wasquite determined.This hadhelped himasascientist,and hadhelped himeven moreinhisfight______his disease.Above all,Hawkingwaswillingadmit hisfaults.This oddcombineof characteristicshad madehim oneofthegreatestthink ofthe20th and21st centuries.那么，是什么使史蒂芬-霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦此外，他意志坚定无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一Reading andWriting WorkbookAlAND HUMANBEINGS人工智能与人类Is itpossible tomake machinesthink likehumans This is onequestion inresearch inthe fieldof ArtificialIntelligence,or nAI”.Tothink likea human,it involvesfeelings,morality,hopes,and dreams,Humans arecapable ofmaking decisionsby themselveswithoutinput fromothers,and theycanlearnfrom experience.有没有可能让机器像人类一样思考？这是人工智能，即“领域研究中的一个问题要像人类一样思考，就涉及到感AI”情、道德、希望和梦想，人类能够在不需要他人输入的情况下自己做出决定，并且可以从经验中学习到知识In addition,humans areabletocreate thingsfrom theirown inspirationfor theirown pleasure.The questionis whethermachinescan everreally thinkin allthese aspects.止匕外，人类还能根据自己的灵感创造出自己喜欢的东西问题是，机器是否真的能在所有这些方面进行思考The ideaof acomputer thatis all-powerful and can thinkand makedecisions foritself terrifiesmanypeople.In somefilms,ATeven decidesthatallhumans mustbe killed.Many peopleare alsoconcerned thatAI willbe usedto replacehumans.一台全能的电脑，可以自己思考和做决定，这个想法让很多人感到恐惧在一些电影中，甚至决定必须杀死所有的AI人类很多人还担心人工智能会被用来取代人类Yet othersare comfortedbythethoughtof AI.Maybe withAI,robots canbe madeto replaceloved oneswho havedied.Today,thecreation ofan all-powerful computercapable ofhuman thoughtisstillin progress.We havecompanion robots,and itis likely that theywillgrow more important inour livesas timegoes by.However,the needfor suchrobots doesnot seemto beas criticalas ourhead forintelligentmachines thatcan solveproblems bylearning fromtheir observationsand experience.然而也有人因为想到了而感到欣慰，也许有了就可以让机器人来代替死去的亲人如今，能够实现人类思维的AI AI,全能计算机的创造还在进行中我们已经有了陪伴机器人，而且随着时间的推移，它们在我们生活中的重要性可能会越来越大然而，对于这种机器人的需求似乎并不像我们的脑袋那样关键，我们需要的是能够通过观察和经验的学习来解决问题的智能机器For example,AI isalready being used withgreat successin Internetsearch enginesand asa personalassistant inour smartphones.Itlearns fromour habitsto help us findwhat wewant andlike.AI isalso usedto diagnoseproblems andsuggest solutions.Researchers arealsoexperimenting withtheuseofAIin driverlesscars whichcan sensetheir surroundingsand decideonthe best wayto reachadestination.It isalso beingused ineducation,particularly inonline courses.Furthermore,industries thatuse robotsfor repetitiveordangerous workoften turnto AIto managethese electronicworkers.In addition,virtual assistantsare alsobeingusedin somehomestoday.In thenear future,itislikelythatAI willbe usedto managesmart homesand handlean evengreater varietyof taskssuch assettingout favouriteclothes andhelping uswith ourpersonal grooming.例如，已经在互联网搜索引擎和作为我们智能手机的个人助理方面得到了非常成功的应用它可以从我们的习惯中AI学习，帮助我们找到我们想要和喜欢的东西还被用来诊断问题并提出解决方案研究人员还在尝试将用于无人驾驶AI AI汽车，它可以感知周围环境并决定到达目的地的最佳方式它还被用于教育，特别是在线课程此外，那些使用机器人进行重复性或危险性工作的行业往往会求助于来管理这些电子工人此外，如今一些家庭也在使用虚拟助理在不久的将来，AI很有可能被用来管理智能家居，并处理更多种类的任务，比如摆放喜欢的衣服，帮助我们进行个人修饰AIThe AIof todayhas alreadyproven itssuperiority tohumans in many areas.Do you think thatwe cancreate arobot thatthinks likeahuman orone thatis evenmore intelligentIf so,is theretruly adifference betweenAI anda human如今的已经在很多方面证明了它对人类的优越性你认为我们可以创造出一个像人类一样思考的机器人，或者是一AI个更加智能的机器人吗？如果可以，人工智能和人类真的有区别吗？Iam not thesame,having seenthe moonshine onthe otherside oftheworld.——Mary AnneRadmacher在世界的另一端看过月光闪耀，我就不会是同样的自己了Unit

2.BRIDGING CULTUREReading and ThinkingWELCOME,XIE LEIU欢迎你，谢蕾！”BUSINESS STUDENTBUILDING BRIDGES商科学生搭建文化交流的桥梁Six monthsago,19-year-old Xie Lei saidgoodbye toher family and friendsand boardeda planefor London.It wasthe firsttime thatsheleave China.461was veryexcited butalso quitenervous.I didnt know toexpect,“Xie Leirecalled.半年前，19岁的谢蕾告别家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的班机这是她第一次离开中国“我很激动，也很紧张，不知道会发生什么”谢蕾回忆道Xie Leiis studyingfora businessqualify ata universityin Chinaand hascome toour universityonayear-long exchange programme.Ichoose theexchangeprogrammebecause I wanted to learn aboutglobebusiness andimprove myEnglish.Myambitious is to setupabusinessin Chinaafter graduation,Hshe explained.谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目“之所以选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业”她解释道At first,Xie Leihad toadapt lifein adifferent country.You haveto getusedtoa wholenew life.she said.I hadto earnto usepublictransport andhow to ask forthings Ididntknow the Englishnames.When Igotlose,I hadtoaskpasser-by forhelp,but peoplehere speakfast anduse wordsTm notfamiliar.I ask them torepeatthey alot!”起初，谢蕾不得不去适应异国他乡的生活“你必须习惯种全新的生活”她说，“我得学会使用公共交通，学会要到我不知道英文名称的东西迷路时，我得向路人求助但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词我老是让他们重复！”Although someforeign studentslive incampus accommodation,Xie Leichose to live ahost family,who canhelpwith heradapttothenew culture.When Imiss home,I feelcomfortto havea secondfamily,Xie Leisaid“When theressomethingI dontknow understand I canaskthem.They arealso keenlearn aboutChina.Laura,the daughterofmyhost family,want to study in China inthe future.We taketurnto cookeachevening.They reallylove mystir-friedtomato andeggs!Laura saysshe alwaysfeels hungrywhen shesmells it,so Iteach herhow tocookit,too.虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭有助于她适应异国文化“有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰”谢蕾说“当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以咨询他们他们对中国也很感兴趣，我房东的女儿劳拉将来想到中国求学我们每晚轮流做饭，他们真的很爱吃我做的番茄炒蛋！劳拉说，每次闻到香味，她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我教她做这道菜challenge forXie Leiis theacademic requirements.The firsttime thatshe hadto writeessay,hertutor explainedthatshemust acknowledgewhat otherpeoplesay ifshe citedtheir ideas,but thathe mainlywanted toknow she thought!Xie Leiwasconfuse becauseshethoughtshe knewthan otherpeople.Hertutor advisedher toread lotsof informationin orderto forma wiseopinion herown谢蕾面临的另一个挑战是学业要求她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！谢蕾困惑不解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多她的导师建议她广泛阅读文献，形成自己睿智的观点Xie Leialso foundmany coursesincluded students9participate in class aspart ofthe finalresult.Students needto generateideas,offerexamples,apply concepts,and raisequestions,as wellgive presentations.At first,Xie Leihad no idea whatshe shouldsay,whatsurprised herwasthatshe foundherselfspeak upinclassafter justafewweeks.My presentationon traditionalChinese artwas greatsuccess,which boostedmy confidence,“she said.Ill usethese skillsback homeforpresent.They*11help mebuild astrong businessinthe future.99此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与学生需要形成观点、提供例子、运用概念、提出问题并且还要进行展示刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了“我的中国传统艺术展示非常成功,提升了我的自信心”她说，“回国后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中，帮助我未来打造一家强大的企业”Now halfwayher exchangeyear,XieLeifeels much more athome inthe UK.What seemedstrange beforenowappear quitenormal toher.nengage inBritish culturehas helped,she said.nAs wellasstudy hard,Iinvolve insocial activities.British peoplefascinateby ourculture andeagerlearn moreabout it,so Fmkeen toshare myculture them.While Fmlearning aboutbusinessEm alsoacting aculturalmessengerbuild abridge betweenus年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分平常融入英国文化使我受益匪浅”她说，“努力学习之余我还参加了一些社交活动英国人对我们的文化十分着迷渴望了解更多中国文化，因此我也乐于同他们分享攻读商科的同时\我也扮演着文化使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起一座桥梁We willfollow XieLeis progressin latereditions,for nowwe wishher allthebest.我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利留学好主意，还是坏主意STUDYING ABROADIS ITA GOODOR ABAD IDEA尊敬的编辑Dear EditorInthe pastfew decades,therebe adramatic increaseinthe number ofpeoplestudy abroad.studying abroadcan bringgreat benefits,I thinkthe disadvantagesforyoung people aregreatr.过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长尽管留学大有裨益但我认为，留学对年轻人来说是弊大于利To begin,many studentswho study abroad facegreateconomy pressure.That meansstudyabroad isjust notpossible foreveryone.Tuition feesand livingexpenseare muchmore expensivethan athome andcould end upcost mostfamilies anarm anda leg.Studyingin Chinais muchconvenientandcanhelp savemoney首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能国外的学费和生活开销比国内昂贵得多，大部分家庭最终可能要花费一大笔钱而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱important factorto consideristhetremendous pressurecomes withstudying abroad.Students mustlearn howto livein anfamiliarenvironmentwith limitedlanguage skills.Some maystruggle andsuffer cultureshock whenlearnhowto behave innewsurrounding.students arenot matureenoughhandle thechallenges bythemselves andmay becomedepress.Some studentsmighteven encounterproblems withpersonalsafe.In addition,different approachestoteach andlearning maycome asa shockto manystudents需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学所带来的巨大压力学生必须学会靠有限的语言技能在一个陌生的环境中生活在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨，另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独立应付各种挑战，因而感到苦闷有些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题止匕外，不同的教和学的方式对很多学生来说也是一种冲击A finalpointconsider is that whilestudying abroaddoes havepotential benefits,youngpeoplestudy inChinaalso haveagreatfuture tolook forward!As Chinahas boomed,the educationalenvironment hasimproved significant,withmany greatuniversities nowavailable.They havegreat facilitiesand outstandingprofessors,help toeducate youngpeople whowillcontribute theeconomy andfurtherstrong ourcountry.最后要考虑的一点是尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境己大为改观,优质大学比比皆是这些高校拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，助力培养为经济作贡献、进步增强我国实力的年轻人sum up,one cannotdeny thefact thatstudying abroadhaveits disadvantages,so whenyouthinkabout studying abroad youshouldconsider thesemanyfactor综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是留学有其弊端因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素Kind regard谨致问候!Wang Liother oftwin girls王丽一对双胞胎女孩的母亲☆★☆★☆尊敬的编辑Dear EditorIsstudying abroada goodidea notThere arecertainly disadvantages,in myopinion,the advantagesare muchgreater.As Ialways tellmy son,thereareno greatdifficulties fora personis brave,optimistic,andwill towork hard!留学是个好主意还是坏主意呢？留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊我时常告诚我儿子，对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！The firstadvantage ofstudying abroadis personalgrow.The educationyou gainand theexperienceyouhavewill changeyou forthegood.For example,you willcertainly becomemore independentbecause youwill haveto dealwith allkinds ofdifficulties yourself.Studying abroadalsohelp you to gaina global perspectiveand improveyour generalcompetence.留学的第一个好处就是个人成长你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升综合能力Another advantageis theincreasechance forcultural exchange.Chinese studentscansee ascultural envoypromoting friendshipbetweennations.International studentsin Chinaalso bringtheir colourfulculturehere,cooperate withpeople fromdiverse culturalbackgroundshelpus viewtheworldfrom differentangles andthus givesus moreinsight ourown culture.留学的另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者在华的外国留学生也带来他们丰富多彩的文化与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解Finally,studying abroadprovides agreat opportunitycontributetothedevelopment ofour motherland.Chinas globaloutlook,projectssuch asthe Beltand RoadInitiative,helpusmake connectionsacross theworld.Therefore,China needsmanytalented youngpeoplewith aglobalperspectivewho arehighcompetent withlanguages,have leadershipand organisationalskills,and havestrongculturalaware.Students whostudyabroadwill developsuch skillsand abilities,and theseturn willprovide thembetter careeropportunities最后，留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会中国带一路倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系因此，中国需要更多有才能、有国际视野、语言能力极强具有领导力和组织能力、拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人海外求学的学生能够培养这类技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会All all,studyingabroadhelps tobuild characterand increasepeoples understandingofculture diversitywhilestrengthening Chinaand buildingashare futurefor all.I thinkthis life-changing experienceiscertain worthwhileand Ihope mychildstudyabroad inthefuture.总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来我觉得这段改变人生的经历肯定是值得的，我希望孩子将来能出国留学Sincerely yoursZhangYi fatherof oneboyReading andWriting WorkbookHithere,Aunt Joan你好，琼姨How areyou Mumsaid youasked howIwasdong,so letme tellyou aboutm ylife here.你还好吗？妈妈说你问我怎么样，所以让我告诉你我在这里的生活As youknow,Ive beenin Chinafbr arounda monthnow.Iwant tostudyinalocal universitywhich is why Itook thoseafter-schoolChinese classes.I decidedon Chinabecause itsa fast-developing countrywith tradelinks allovertheword.Studying herecould beusefulin findinga goodjob intrade orbusiness.Whats more,Chinese Cultureis reallyinteresting,so choosingto comeherewasano-brainer forme!你也知道，我来到中国已经一个月了我想在当地的大学里学习所以我参加了课后中文课我之所以选择中国，是因为中国是一个快速发展的国家，贸易联系遍布全球在这里学习可以在贸易或商业领域找到一份好工作而且，中国文化真的很有趣，所以选择来这里对我来说是个不二之选Having saidthat,China isnt likeI thoughtit might be.I thoughtit wouldbe quiteold andtraditional butin manyways,the citesare justasmodem asback homein Vancouver,only withlots morepeople!Theressomuchmorefood to try too,andits alldelicious!Everywhere Igo,I seerestaurantsandsnack stalls-it seems to bea bigpart oftheir culture.Food hereis veryreasonably pricedso itsgreat formy budget.The peopleI meetareallvery welcoming towards measaforeigner,and Ieven seemtobea pointof interest!However,hardly anyonespeaks Englishin myarea,so itcanbea bitoverwhelming attimes.But IguessthatswhyIm here-tolearn.不过，中国并不像我想象的那样我以为这里会很古老、很传统，但在很多方面，这里的城市和温哥华的家乡一样，只是人更多而已还有更多的食物可以尝试，而且都很好吃无论我走到哪里，我都能看到餐馆和小吃摊--这似乎是他们文化的重要组成部分这里的食物价格非常合理，所以很适合我的预算我遇到的人都非常欢迎我这个外国人，我甚至似乎成了他们的兴趣点！然而，在这里几乎没有人会说英语然而，在我所在的地区，几乎没有人会说英语，所以有时会有点不知所措但我想这就是我在这里的原因-学习（Right now,Im studyingevery dayfbr mHSK exama Chineselanguage qualification.ButIalso geta chanceto explorethecity.Iusually getup extraearly eachmorning to enjoy afreshly madebreakfast onthe streetand thenI oftenvisit apark,Imnotsure if youknow butI9m reallyinterested intai chi,so Ispend alot oftime inthecityparks practisingwiththelocals.There9salot oftraditionalculture stillalive inChina.The parkare fullofpeopleplaying traditionalinstruments,playing Chinesechess,and evenwritingcalligraphy onthegroundwith giantpaintbrush.现在，我每天都在为考试（一种中文资格考试）而学习但我也有机会去探索这个城市我通常每天早上都会起得特HSK别早，在街上享受新鲜的早餐，然后我经常去公园，我不知道你是否知道，但我对太极拳非常感兴趣，所以我花了很多时间在城市公园里和当地人一起练习中国有很多传统文化还在延续公园里有很多人在演奏传统乐器，下中国象棋，甚至用巨大的画笔在地上写书法Unit

3.FOOD ANDCULTUREFood bringspeople togetheron manydifferent levels.It snourishment ofthe souland body;itstruly love.——Giada DeLaurentiis食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱——吉娅达•德•劳伦蒂斯Reading andThinkingCULTURE ANDCUISINEThe Frenchauthor JeanAnthelme Brillat-Savarin oncewrote,“Tell mewhat youeat,and Iwill tellyou what you are.Put moresimply,this meansYou arewhat youeat.Most peopletoday relatethis sayingto healthy eating.However,Brillat-savarin wasactually referringtoour personality,character,and culture.法国作家让・安泰尔姆・布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来“然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们U的个性、品格及文化Certainly,inmanyways thisseemstobe true.Chinese cuisineisacase inpoint.Prior tocoming toChina,my onlyexperience withChinesecooking wasin America,with Chinesefood thathad beenchanged tosuit Americantastes.For example,Americas mostpopularChinese dishis GeneralTsos chicken,which consistsof friedchicken coveredinasweet sauce,favoured withhot redpeppers.This isprobably notan authentic Chinese recipe,however,soitcannot tellus muchabouttheChinese.On theotherhand,it doestell usalot aboutAmericans.It tellsus,for example,that Americanslove bold,simple favours.And sincethe dishwas alsoinvented recently,it tellsus thatAmericans arenot afraidtotrynew foods.当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假中国菜就是个很好的例子来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹任，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以煽炒过的红辣椒制成然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品Later,I hada chanceto experienceauthenticChinesefood bycomingtoChina.When myfamilyandI hadjust arrivedinChina,we wentlookingforagood placetoeatinBeijing.A Sichuanrestaurant hadbeen recommendedto usbyafriend,and finally,we foundit.Tired,hungry,andnotknowing aword ofChinese,we hadnoideahowtoorder,so thechef justbegan fillingour tablewiththebest foodwehad evereaten.With this,we hadthe pleasureof experiencingan entirelynew taste:Sichuan peppercorns.The foodwas wonderfulanddifferent,but whatwas evenmoreimportantwasthefriendship offeredus.后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物；那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了种全新的口味四川花椒食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊We soonmoved toShandong Provinceintheeastern partof NorthChina.My favouritedish therewas boileddumplings servedwithvinegar.I observedthat familyisimportanttothe people there.It has becomeafavourite traditionaldish ofthe people in NorthChina,where makingdumplings hasalways beena familyaffair witheveryone—fromtheyoungest tothe oldest-joining intohelp.Later,Ilearnt that themostfamous foodin Shandongis pancakerolls stuffedwith slicedChinese greenonions.不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺我发现那里的人都很重视家庭水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱Then wemoved tonorthern Xinjiang.Some ofour friendswere Kazakand InnerMongolian.These groupstraditionally wanderedtheopen rangeon horses.As aresult,their traditionalfoods arewhatyoucan cookover anopen fire—usually boiledor roastedmeat,suchas lambkebab.随后，我们又到了新疆北部我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串Our travelsthentookus toSouth China,and thenontocentral China.In eachplace wewent,we experiencedwonderful localdishes,from Guangdongselegant dimsum—small servingsof foodin bamboosteamers-totheexceptional stewednoodles inHenan.Everywhere,the foodwas asvaried asthepeople.However,one thingis alwaystrue:Through food,Chinesepeopleeverywhere showfriendshipand kindness.接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心一一那是放在竹蒸笼里笼出来的小份食品，还有河南独特的除面所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈然而，有一件事始终不变每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意At aminimum,the kindsof foodlocal peopleconsume tellus whatthey growin theirregion,what kindsof livesthey lead,and whattheylike anddo notlike.Could wealso say,for example,that thosewholikebold flavoursare boldthemselves Or,that thosewho likespicyfood tendto havea hottemper Maybe.Maybe not.What wecan say,however,isthatculture andcuisine gohand inhand,and ifyoudo notexperience one,youcannever reallyknowtheother.当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往牌气火暴也许是的，也许又不是但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个Using LanguageHEALTHYEATINGThere ismuch debatenowadays asto whatmakes upa healthydiet.For example,scientists haveinsisted foryears thata bigenemy ofhealth is fatty food.However,thereisincreasing evidencethatthereal driverof poorhealthisnot somuch fattyfood,as itis sugar.Heartdisease isthenumberone killerof Americans.And inAmerica,peoplewho receive25%o oftheir dailycalories ormore throughsugarare twiceas1ikelytodie fromheart diseasethan peoplewhoreceiveless than10%a dayJournal ofthe AmericanMedicalAssociation,

2014.Thisistrue regardlessof howhealthy therestoftheir dietmightbe.Put moresimply,while peoplecontinue toargueover whetheror notfattyfoodis dangerous,we alreadyknow thatsugar isa killer.当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分心脏病是美国人的头号杀手在美国，每天从糖分中摄取%或更高卡25路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于%的人的两倍《美国医学会杂志》，年无论他们饮食的其他方面102014多么健康，都确实如此简单地说当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手Much ofthis extrasugar comesfrom sweetsand sweetdrinks.The averageAmerican gets1/3ofhisor hersugar throughsweet drinksalone.The AmericanHeart Associationrecommends thatwe limitourselves toless than100-150calories aday fromsugar,which islessthan whatis usuallycontained in one canof sweetdrink orinasingle candybar.In otherwords,ifyou wanttobe healthy,youhavetocut downon desserts,and cutout sweetdrinks altogether.多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在至卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少100150吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料Beyond this,youcankeep healthyby consumingdifferent categoriesof freshfoods,especially fruitand vegetables,which arefull ofvitaminsand fibre,rather thanprocessed foods.Processed foodsoften containless nutrition,and havehigher quantitiesof sugar,salt,and fatthan freshingredients.Besides this,itisalso importanttohavesome meat,beans,or dairyproducts inyour diet,as theyprovidethe necessaryprotein forstrong bonesand musclegrowth.As witheverything inlife,moderation iskey.The idealdiet isa balancedone,without toomuch ortoo littleof anyone thing.除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质适量是关键，生活中万事均如此理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分Finally,a fundamentalkey tohealthy eatingistoeat slowly.It takesabout twentyminutes fromthe timeyou starteating foryour braintotell yourbody thatyouarefull.What thismeans isthat peoplewho chewtoo quicklyendupeating toomuch foodbecause theystillfeel hungry.Eating slowlyalso allowsyourbodyto digestyour foodbetter,and willallow youtoenjoyyour foodmore.In addition,studies showthat consistenteating habits,for example,taking threemeals aday atthesametime eachday,are betterfor ourhealth.It isalsobetter toeat amodest amountof foodeach time,rather thantoeatalotinonemeal,andthena littleinthenext.最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽开始进食大约分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”这意味着咀20嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃很多，下一餐吃得很少There isno onetrick tohealthy eating.Rather,healthyeatingstarts withhaving ahealthy attitudetowards food.One questionyou canaskyourself is,Do Ieat tolive,or livetoeat”If youare usingfood mostlyfor nutrition,then youare onthe righttrack withyour diet.However,if foodhasbecomethe centreofyourlife,you mightbeonthe roadto badhealth.It isup toyoutodecide howyouwanttolive,and tomaketheright decisionsabout yourdiet健康饮食没有诀窍相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度你可以问自己一个问题“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上不健康之路你想如何生活如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己ReadingandWriting WorkbookCONVENIENCEFOOD ORFRESH FOOD方便食品还是新鲜食品？A newsurvey indicatesthat youngpeopleinChinamuch prefermaking freshfood tobuying preparedfood.Mei Lin,for example,is22and sheisacollege graduatefrom Anhui.Mei Lhas stoppedbuying cheapfood atthe supermarket.nI wouldmuch prefermy ownbowlof noodleswith freshvegetables andafewspices tothe packagednoodles Ican buyinastore.It*s fresherand healthier,especially sinceIlead anactive life,Mei Linoften goesjogging inthe eveningand playstennis atthe weekend,in additionto swimmingand trainingfora marathonin Xiamenintheautumn.She believesher freshfood choiceshelp herstay fitand active.一项新的调查显示，在中国，年轻人更喜欢做新鲜的食物，而不是买准备好的食物例如，今年岁，她是来自安MeiLin22徽的一名大学毕业生已经不再在超市购买廉价食品”比起在商店里买到的包装面条，我更喜欢自己做一碗加了MeiLin新鲜蔬菜和一些调料的面条它更新鲜、更健康，特别是从我过积极的生活开始”梅琳经常在晚上去慢跑，周末去打网球，此外，她还会游泳，并为秋季在厦门的马拉松训练她认为，选择新鲜的食物有助于她保持身体健康和活跃But thetrend isntone thatonly womenare takingup.SuBo,a26-year-old computerprogrammer inShenzhen,says thathe hasgiven upeatingpackaged mealsexcept whenhes travellingfor work,nFor me,itsamatter ofwanting tobe healthyand havingenough energy.Ihave avery demandingjob,andIneed asharp mindand strongbody.It doestake moretime togo。