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专题九情态动词和虚拟语气知识摘要can/couldmay/might情态动词的基本用法y will/would情态动词shall/should,4I must、情态动词+have done的用法考点梳理、情态动词的概述及特征.情态动词的概述1情态动词主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等.情态动词的特征21有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它们要和动词原形一起构成谓语You should be careful.你应当要小心些2适用于主语的各种人称和数have to例外，其主语是第三人称单数时用has toYou must work hard.你要努力工作3后面接动词原形John maylose hisjob.约翰也许会失去他的工作
二、情态动词的用法考点
一、can/could
1.表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和许可Can Isee thefilm starredby WuZunShe canfinished thework intwo days.could表示建议或请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，回答时贝用can如一Could youhelp mecarry thebag一Yes,I can.或者否定答语中用Fm afraidnot.
2.表示推测can表示推测，用于否定句或者疑问句，把握大；could也可表示推测，把握比can小It cantbe him.He hasgone toParis.32在“It isordered decided,suggested,requested,required,proposed等+that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略It isrequired that the studentsshould learna foreignlanguage.学生们被要求学习一门外语
4.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”这类名词有advice,suggestion,order,demand,proposal,request,desire等My adviceis that we shouldtell himthe news.我的建议是要告诉他这个消息考点
三、常用虚拟语气的句型1as if/as though从句以及if only后的句子时间谓语动词形式与过去相反had+过去分词as if/as though/if only与现在相反一般过去时be动词常用were与将来相反would/could/might+动词原形He treatsthe littlegirl as if shewere his own daughter.他把这小女孩像亲生女儿一样对待He talkedas ifhe had known thesecret•他说得像是懂得这个秘密【温馨提示】as if/as though如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气o It is socloudy.It looksasifit isgoing torain.2Ifs high/about timethat后的从句从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可以用should+动词原形，should不能省略It ishigh timethat youwent toschool.你该去睡觉了3在If itwere nothad not been for.・.句型中的虚拟语气If itwere notfor...是一种常见的句式，表示与现在相反的虚拟条件；而If ithad notbeenfor…则表示与过去相反的虚拟条件，意为“若不是，若没有”If itwerent forwater,no plantcould grow.若是没有水，没有植物能够生长If ithadnt beenfor the doctor,he would have died.若不是这个医生，他就死了渤小菜一碟2
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1.If Ibeyou,I wouldwork ina smallmountain village.
2.The guardatthegate insistedthat everyoneobeythe rules.
1.1wish that sheget agood jobin Shanghaiafter hergraduation.
4.heleave tomorrow,he wouldget thereby Friday.
5.rd rather youe tomorrow.
6.We suggestedthat Tomhave a rest.
7.The kingordered thatthe prisonerskillthe nextday.
8.But forwater,itbe impossibleto live in thedesert.
9.If onlyInot missthe train!
10.There wasplenty oftime.She neednthurry.情态动词训练命题分析情态动词和虚拟语气在高考中，短文改错和语法填空主要以情态动词误用、情态动词后实义动词的形式错误或时态错误等考查对情态动词和虚拟语气的理解和运用基础闯关
1、Although heis onlyfbur heplay thepiano verywell.
52、一Mum,must I wash thedished rightnow一No,you.
3、With thehelp of the newtechnology,you emailyour friendsby mobilephone.
4、一Excuse me,whose Japanesebook isthis——It beToms.In our class,only heis studyingJapanese.
5、Im feelingmuch betternow,so younot call thedoctor.
6、Its ourduty thatwe obeytraffic rules.
7、一Who canit be一Im notsure.It beLucys friend,Liu Mei.
8、Aunt Margaret have missedthe train,otherwise shewould have arrivedhere bynow.
9、He saidthat disagreementand differencebetween thetwo neighborsbesolved peacefully.10一Look,Sue is over there.一That beher.She isin Canadanow.能力提升
1.Samuel,the tallestboy inourclass,easily reachthe bookson thetop shelf.
2.My roomis amess,but Ineed cleanit beforeI go outtonight AIDSrelateddeaths wouldnot havefallen sincetheir highestin
2005.,
3.-Cant youstay a little longer—Its gettinglate.I reallygo now.My daughteris homealone.
4.—Sorry,Mum!I failedthe jobinterview again.—Oh,its toolate.You havemade fullpreparations.
5.You feelallthetraining awaste oftime,but Ima hundredpercent surelateryoull begrateful youdid it.
6.It wasso noisythatwehear ourselvesspeak.
7.You beCarol.You haven9t changeda bitafter allthese years.
8.I stillremember myhappy childhoodwhen mymotherwill takeme toDisneyland atweekends.
9.It bethe vocabularythat causedyou theproblem in the exercisebecause youknow alotof words.
10.He sleep,although hetried to,when hegot onsuch ahunt fbr an ideauntilhe hadcaught it.
11.Since nobodygave himany help,he have done theresearch onhisown.
12.—What are you doingthis Saturday—Tm notsure,but Igo to the RollingStones concert.
13.—Do you think Georgehas passed the drivingtest—No.If so,hedrive hiscar toour college yesterday.
14.Youd betterpull yourcar overtotheside ofthe roadif youanswer aphonecall.
15.We canhardly believesuch ayoung boytravel aroundthe worldall byhimself.
16.Children ofdivorced parentshave difficultyin formingstable relationshipsthemselves.
17.—Where doyouthinkour Chinesetranslator be—She washere onlya momentago.
18.Teachers suggestparents notallow theirchildren under12ride bicyclestoschool fbrsafety.
19.——I haventgot thereference bookyet.But rilhaveabest onthe subjectnext month.—Dont worry.You haveit byFriday.
20.What doyou mean,there areonly tentickets Therebe twelve.虚拟语气训练能力提升
一、单句语法填空
1.Why didntyou tellme aboutyour troublelast weekIf youtellme,I could havehelped.
2.It might have savedme sometrouble ifIknow theschedule.
3.Ellen isa fantasticdancer.I wish Idance as well asher.
4.T wishI beat mysisters weddinglast Tuesday,but I was ona businesstrip inNewYork then.
5.Without hiswartime experiences,Hemingwaywrite hisfamous novelA farewelltoArms.
6.Webe backin thehotel nowif youdidn5t losethe map.
7.We would rather ourdaughterstay at home withus,but itsher voice,and sheis notachild anylonger.
8.If webooka tableearlier,we wouldntbe standinghere ina queue.
9.My momsuggests thatwe eatout fbra changethis weekend.
10.一Do youthink Georgehas passedthe drivingtest一No.If so,hedrive hiscar tocollegeyesterday.情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词小菜一碟1——、
1.would
2.could3・cant
4.must
5.may/might
6.must/may/might
7.cant
8.shall
9.could
10.should
11.may/might
12.May/Could/Can/Might
13.could
14.should/would
15.can
二、
1.must havewiped
2.should beat home
3.shall bepunished
4.mustnt ignore
5.might be小菜一碟
21.were
2.should obey
3.would/could get
4.Should;leave
5.came
6.should have
7.should bekilled
8.would be
9.hadnt missed
10.have hurried情态动词练习参考答案基础闯关
1.can2・neednt
3.can
4.must
5.need
6.should
7.may/might
8.must
9.must/should
10.cant能力提升
1.can
2.neednt
3.must
4.should
5.may
6.couldnt
7.must
8.would
9.couldnt/cant
10.couldnt
13.would/
11.must
12.may/might
14.must
15.shouldcould/should/might/have driven
16.may./
19.shall
20.should虚拟语气参考答案might
17.can
18.should能力提升
一、
1.had told
2.hadknown
3.danced
6.would/could/should/might be
7.stayed
8.
4.had been
5.wouldnt beenhadbooked
9.should
10.would havedriven
二、
1.organizes organize
2.cancould
3.chosechoose
4.shouldcan
5.fbundfind
6.arewere
7.amwere
8.leftleave
9.cancould
10.is wereLook!Someone ising!Who canit be
3.用于陈述句中，表示理论上或者习惯上的可能性It can be quitecold herein winter.It couldbe veryexciting togooutfbradrive.【知识拓展】
1.辨析canbe able to和could
（1）can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的时态变化
（2）can一般指自身具有的能力，而be ableto则表示经过努力所具有的能力The girlwill beabletospeak Englishwell ina fewmonths.Meng Peijiecould takecare ofher motherwhen she was veryyoung.
2.cannot but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”I couldnot butadmit that hewasright andIwaswrong.我不得不承认他对了，我错了
3.cant helpdoing sth=can9t helpbutdo sth.忍不住做某事I canthelp thinkingabout thepast.我不禁回想起过去考点
二、may/might
1.表示许可表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更为委婉，回答时常用:No,you cant（mustnt表示禁止）.或者Yes,please.一Might Idrive yourcar（表示请求）一No,you mustn,t.You maydrive thecar.（表示允许）
2.表示推测may多用于肯定句和否定句中，may not表示“可能不”之意might比may可能性小She maybe verybusy now.
3.用于祈使句中表示祝愿May yousucceed.【知识拓展】
1.“may well+动词原形”是一种常用的结构，意为“完全可能，很可能”，相当于“be likelyto+动词原形”He maywell win.他完全可能赢
2.“mayaswell+动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”You mayaswelldo itat once.你最好马上就做这件事考点
三、will/would
1.表示请求、建议，would比will语气委婉Will/Would youhelp mewith myEnglish
2.表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等I willtell youall about it.Tom wontdo sucha thing.
3.表示习惯、固有的性质等，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义will表示现在，would表示过去Every dayshe willsit heredoing nothing.would可以表示过去反复发生的动作或者某种倾向would表示过去的习惯比used to要更为的正式并且没有“现已无此习惯”之意如During thevocation hewould visitme everyweek.She usedtoliveinParis.考点
四、shall/should
1.shall用法1用于第
一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或者向对方请示Shall webegin ourlesson Whenshall webeableto leavethe hospital2用于第
二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁You shallfail ifyou dontwork hard.
2.should的用法1表示职责、义务，意思为“应该”You shouldreturn iton time.2表示估计、猜测Its halfpast eleven.She shouldbe home.3与疑问词连用，可表示意外、惊讶、纳闷，意为“竟会、怎么会”I dontknow whyhe shoulddo that.Why shouldyou beso latetoday考点
五、must
1.must表示“必须、必要”，多用于一般疑问句中，肯定句回答用must,否定句用neednY或donthave to.否定形式mustift意为禁止、千万不要一Must Ifinish thepaper today——Yes,you must./No,you neednt.You mustntplay withfire.
2.must表示推测表示对现在状态或现在发生事情的推测时，must后面常常接系动词be或者行为动词的进行式You haveworked hardall day.Youmustbe tired.He mustbe workingin hisoffice.
3.must可意为“偏要、非得”之意，指令人不愉快的事情一How oldareyou一If you must know,Til tellyou.辨析和must have to1have to是客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的需要He saidhe mustworkhard.主观上的My motherwas veryill,so I had tocall thedoctor in the middleofthenight.2have to有人称、数、时态的变化，must只有一种形式但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或者义务He hadto lookafter hissister yesterday.3在否定句结构中，don9t have to表示不必而mustnt表示禁止You donthavetotell himabout it./You mustnttell himaboutit.考点
六、情态动词+havedone情态动词+have done用法例句表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测意为It musthave rainedlast nightfbrmust havedone“一定做了，否定形式为cant/the roadis verymuddy.couldnt havedone.
1.Its toolate.I thinkhe mayhavegone to bed.表示对过去发生事情的推测，意为“也may/mighthavedone
2.He maynot havefinished the许已经做了…一般用于肯定句和否定句work.中，否定句意为“可能不”He canthave forgottenit.
1.过去不可能can,t/couldn,thavedone
2.过去没能够
1.Who can/could theyhavecan/couldhavedone
1.本来能够做却.…gone
2.过去可能会做否定、疑问句
2.You couldhave e5minutesearlier.should havedone本应该做却没做..…
1.You shouldhave staredearlier.shouldnt havedone本不应该做却做了……You shouldnthave toldhim thetruth.neednt havedone本不需要做却做了.…You neednt have takentaxi herefbrits verynear tomy house.小菜一碟
（1）
一、填空题
1.I stillremember myhappy childhoodwhen mymother takeme toDisneyland atweekends.
2.My book,The Houseof Hades,is missing.Who have taken it
3.Her brotherbe homeathomenow,because hewas seenplaying basketballinthestadium justnow.
4.This cakeis verysweet.You haveput alot ofsugar init.
5.Although thissound likea simpletask,great careis needed.
6.I havelost oneof mygloves.I havedropped itsomewhere.
7.一Is Jackon dutytoday一It behim,its histurn tomorrow.
8.一I haventgot thereference bookyet,but Illhaveatest onthe subjectnext month.——Dont worry.You haveit byFriday.
9.He did not regretsaying whathe didbut feltthat hehave expresseditdifferently.
10.Why itget colderwhen weclimb upa mountainWe aregetting neartothe sun.
11.一Is thatNanjing Roadover there一It be.Tm notsure.
12.I havea quickword withyou Somethingimportant hashappened.
13.I havepassedtheexam easily,but Imade toomany mistakes.
14.I have gone tomy cousinsbirthday partylast night,but Iwas notavailable.
15.The policehavent foundthe lostchild,but theyare doingall they.
二、完成句子
1.她一定擦了桌子，因为桌子很干净She thetable,for thetable isvery clean.
2.比赛结束了，刘翔应该是在家The gameisoverand LiuXiang.
3.如果不守信用，你会受到惩罚而You ifyou breakyour word.
4.我们千万不要忽视交通规定We thetraffic rules.
5.我不能确定那可能是他哥哥Im notsure.That hisbrother.考点
七、ought to/ought notto
1.表示义务、责任等意为应当，应该You ought to workharder thanyour brother.
2.表示劝告、建议等意为应该，该You ought to dietand takemore exercise.
3.表示猜测、建议等意为应该、理应That oughttobeenough foodfor allof us.
4.oughtto havedone表示“本应该做但却没有做ought notto havedone表示”本不应该做却做了”You oughttohavestay athome.should和oughtto的区别
1.should表示自己的主观的看法，而语气重，含有“按道理应该…之意如果要反应客观情况或涉及义务和规定时一般用ought too如You shouldhelp themwith theirstudy.You arehis father.You oughtto helphim toget agood education.考点
八、need/needn^
1.need可以作为情态动词，也可以作为实义动词，但是他们的用法不同1need作为情态动词时，表示“需要”，后面接动词原形，没有人称、数和时态的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句She needntworry aboutit.Need yourson dohis homework2need作为实义动词时,有动词的各种形式的变化，可用于一切句型，其宾语可为名词、代词、动名词等，构成否定句和疑问句需要借助助动词do/did/doesoWe dontneed totell herthe wholestory.We need to collectthe parcelbefore weleave fbrEngland.
1.neednthavedone表示“本不需要做却做了；needtodosth.需要去做；need doingsth=need tobedone需要被做
2.有need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must/haveto;否定回答用needn^o有must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn/doift haveto—Need Ianswer thequestion——Yes,you must./No,you neednt.——Must Ifinish thehomework now——Yes,youmust./No,you neednt.知识摘要肯定句否定句根据时间的不同,使用不同I陈述语表的时态示陈述客---------------疑问句说观事实话感叹句人的态度祈使句------说明说话人的请求，命令等，主语常常祈使语和省略，谓语为动词原形看法不是事实，仅为一种假设或愿望通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示虚拟语气考点梳理考点
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句含义从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式典型例句If you had takenmy与过去事would/should/could/过去完成时advice,you wouldnot实相反might+have+过去分词have failedintheexams.would/should/could/If Ihad time,I would一般过去时（be动词常与现在事用were）might+动词原形attend the meeting.实相反一般过去时（be动词常If youcame should e/用were）would/should/could/与将来事were toe tomorrow,weshould+动词原形might+动词原形实相反wouldhavethe meeting.were to+动词原形【知识拓展】使用虚拟条件句时要注意一下几点错综时间条件句
1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整If youhad takenthe neighborsadvice yesterday,you wouldntbe worriednow.如果昨天你听从了邻居的建议，现在你就不会忧虑了（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）If I were you,I wouldhave takenhis advice.如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议了（从句说明现在，主句说明过去）【温馨提示】混合虚拟语气句还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合I wouldhavegoneto visithim inthe hospitalhadit beenat allpossible,but Iwas fullyoccupied thewhole oflast week.如果有可能我就去医院看他了，但是我整个上周都很忙（前半部分表示假设，而后半部分是陈述事实）含蓄条件句
2.有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式常用词或短语有without,but for,or,otherwise等Without yourhelp,I couldnthave achievedall this.没有你的帮助，我就不会获得所有的这一切Iwas ill thatday.Otherwise,I wouldhavetakenpart inthemeeting.我那天生病了，否则我就参加校运会了省略句
3.if如果虚拟条件句中含有were,should,had三个词，可将if省略，把这三个词前置到主语之前，形式部分倒装如If Iwere inyour position,I woulddo thesame.f WereI inyour position,I woulddo thesame.如果我是你，我也会那么做If youhad eearlier,you wouldhave mether.f Hadyou eearlier,you wouldhave mether.如果你来早点的话，你就能够见到她If he shoulde tomorrow,I wouldgive himthe dictionary.-Should heetomorrow,I wouldgive himthe dictionary.如果明天他来，我就给他这本字典考点
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1.wish后的宾语从句含义从句谓语形式典型例句对过去发生的事情表示遗过去完成时He wisheshe hadntlost thechance.憾或后悔（与过去事实相I wishyouhadlet meknow earlier.反）针对现状表达愿望（与现在一般过去时（be动词I wishIhadalittlelab ofmy own.事实相反）常用were）I wishyou wouldntsmoke anymore.针对将来表达愿望虽然可would/could/mightShe sincerelywished that she might能性极小，但是有实现的可+动词原形do somethingto forthim.能【知识拓展】1If only+句子=How Iwish+that从句that可省略If onlyIwere a bird!=How IwishIwereabird!我要是一只鸟多好啊！
2.在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形，should可省略一坚持insist二命令order,mand三建议suggest,propose,advise四要求request,require,demand,desireThe doctoradvised thathe shouldchange hisjob.医生建议他换工作【温馨提示】
①当insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气，这往往针对已经发生过的事情，对未发生的事情往往用虚拟语气He insistedthathehad notstolen themoney andthatheshouldnotbeput inprison.他坚持认为他没有偷钱，不应该被关进监狱
②当suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气Her paleface suggestedthatshewasill.她苍白的脸表明她病了真实情况
3.在would rather后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”其形式为would rather+主语+动词过去式表示现在或将来情况wouldrather+主语+had+动词过去分词表示过去的情况I wouldratheryoudidnotgo tomorrow.我宁愿你明天不去I wouldrather shehadnt donethat.我宁愿她没那样做
2.主语从句中的虚拟语气1在“It isimportant necessary,strange,natural,a pity等+that从句”句型中,从句的谓语动词常用should+动词原形，should可以省略It isnecessary thatwe shouldbe present.我们出席是必要的It isa pitythatsheshouldbeso careless.真遗憾，她竟这样粗心【温馨提示】这种句型中的主语从句有时也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气It isstrange thatwehavent heardfrom him.奇怪，我们一直没有收到他的来信Itisa pitythat youcan，t staylonger.你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。
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