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冠词一冠词的概念冠词是一种虚词，没有数和格的变化，不能单独使用，放在名词（或名词化的形容词、分词）前面，用来说明其所指的人或物，起限定作用，是最主要、最典型的限定词二冠词的分类当代英语语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种定冠词
1.the在辅音音素前面读/3o:/the book在元音音素前面读/3i:/the earth不定冠词有和
2.a an,用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面a a book用在以元音音素开头的单词前面叩an anpie零冠词不用冠词
3.三冠词的用法
（一）.不定冠词的用法•用在文章第一次提到的单数可数名词之前，表示某人或某物（泛指）1They livein asmall house.The houseis at the footof thehill.He boughta bookyesterday fromthat bookstore,where heused togo when he was young.表示“一”的概念，但数的语气不如强烈
2.“one”（）I need an apple.I dontneedabanana.（）I needone apple.I dontneed twoapples..表示“每一，相当于3”every/per”The eggscost twentypence apound.You cantake thismedicine3pills ata time..表示“同一”的概念4Things ofa kinde together,so dopeople ofa mind.Your shoesand mineare ofa size.They areof anage.指某类人或事物中的任何一个
5.An elephantis biggerthan ahorse.A carruns fasterthan abike..指人或事物的某一种类6His fatheris adriver.Longjing is a wonderfultea.用在某些物质名词前面，使物质名词具体化
7.What aheavy rain!用在不可数名词前，使不可数名词“份数”化
8.Please giveme atea,two drinksand acoffee.用在抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体化
9.
①,当象等这样的名词指具体的某一事情/或人的成败的时候，给此抽象名词附于具体success,failure,friendship的意义和内涵时，此抽象名词前面可以加不定冠词（）He is a failure.AHe issuch anhonest boythat Idevelop afriendship withhim.They hadbeen doingthe experimentfor threeyears andit turnedout to be asuccess.
②.a knowledgeof English,do sb.a goodkindness,a pleasure;a youth,a wonder,a beauty当动作动词名词化，表示特征，状态，思维，行为等的一次，一种，一类，一下，一顿等，常组成抽
10.“a/an+象名词”或形容词+抽象名词”“a/an+take a quick look,have adeep sleep,die anawful death,make anapology,live ahappy life,.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词比较级11a/an.a/an+一What doyou thinkof thefilm—Oh,Ive neverseen aworse one.一一How doyou likeTom Imafraid thatno onein myclass hasa clevererbrain thanhe.用在单数可数名词结构中，表示比以往更…的一…
12.a/an+adj.er+In orderto finda betterjob,he decidedto studya secondlanguage.Have yougot thesejeans in a largersize Thispair isa bittoo smallaround thewaist.不定冠词用在序数词前面表示“又一”或“再一”的意义
13.Would youlike asecond cupof teaThey had asecond son3years later.用在感叹句中的单数名词前
14.What aclever boyhe is!How brighta girlshe is!用在某些表示姓氏专有名词前面表示“某一个”姓该姓的人
15.There isa Mr.Wang whois waitingfor youatthe school gate.A JamesSmith iscalling foryou on the phone.用在某些时间或星期几的专有名词前面表示“某一个特定时间/星期几”的意思
16.Mr.Smith couldntexactly rememberwhenhefirst metMr.John,but hecould remberthat itwas aSunday becauseeveryonewas atchuch.用在前面加形容词的一日三餐等词的之前,表示“一顿/样…的早、午、晚餐用
17.“breakfast,lunch,supper”He isfatbecause heoften hasa bigsupper.I hadaquickbreakfast thismorning.Theyhada goodlunch yesterday.用在名词结构中
18.quite rather,many,half,what,such+a/an+He israther afool.She spentsuch abusy afternoon.Many astudent showsgreat interestin it.He wassuch afool asto believewhat shesaid..用在的结构中19so as,too,how+adj.+aanoShe isas clevera girlasyoucan wishtobe.This istoo difficulta problemfor me.You canhardly imaginehow clevera boyhe is.用在某些固定的搭配中
20.a lot ofa bithavea resthavea coldakind ofapiece ofhavea goodtimeas awholeas aresultin ahurrya daycr two:me ortwo days二.定冠词的用法.上文提到的人或事再次出现用定冠词1They liveinasmall house,the houseis atthe footof thehill.He boughta bookyesterday fromthat bookstore.It isthe bookwhich hewas lookingforward tofor along time..用在谈话双方都知道的人或事前面表示特指2—Close thedoor,please.—All right!—Pass methe book,please.—Here youare..用在形容词最高级前副词前可省略3Of thethree parks,this isthe mostbeautiful.,用在序数词前4He isalways thefirst toe andthe lastto leave..用在某些比较级前，表示两者人或物中特指的一个5If youhave twodifferent tasksto choosefrom,Im sureyoull takeup themore difficultone.Of thetwo books,the boychosethe lessexpensive one.The sooner,the better..用在表示世界上独一无二的自然现象或事物前面6The earthgoes aroundthe sun.the world,the universe,用在表示方位名词前面或者表示时间的词组与短语中
7.on theright,on theleft,in theeast,in themiddle of...in themorning/afternoon/evening...in the daytime,in theend,on theother hand....用于形容词之前，使其名词化,表示具备这个形容词特点的一类人或物8the true,the good,the sick,the wounded,the poor,the old,the blind...,用在单数的普通名词前面表示一类人或者一类事物9The horseisauseful animal.=A horseisauseful animal.=Horses areuseful animals.用在姓氏复数名词之前，表示姓该姓的一家人或夫妻二人
10.The Greensare atthe table.The Chenswill moveto Nanjing.用在有限定性定语修饰的名词前面表特指
11.This isthe placewhere heonce lived.The milkonthetable ishers..用在表示乐器的名词之前12The girl is good at playingthe piano.He oftenplays theviolin in the evening.注当此类名词作普通名词时，可以与不定冠词连用1He isplaying aborrowed piano.注当乐器名词为汉语拼音借用的英语单词时，前面不加定冠词2theHe likesplaying erhu..用在逢十/或整十的复数数词前表示某个年代13in the1990s,in the1990s inone9s seventies在某人几十多岁的时候When hewent tothe Americain theseventies,hewas alreadyin hisforties.In the1870s,Marx beganto learnRussian..用在计量单位的单数名词之前，表示“按…而论、以…来计”的意思14Eggs aresold bythe dozen.I havehired thecar bythe hour.We cancount thedate bytheday..用在“国家人”的复数名词前表示“国民”的意思15the Chinese,the Swiss,the Australians,the Russians,the Italians,the Greek,the French,the Japanese,the Americans,the Indians,the Canadians,the Germans,the English,the Swedish用在某些表示江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等的地理名词之前
16.the ChangjiangRiver,the EastLake,the RedSea,the SummerPalace用在由普通名词所构成的专有名词之前
17.表建筑物the GreatWall,表组织机构the UnitedNations,表国家名the UnitedStates,the PeoplesRepublic ofChina报纸，会议，条约等的名称the NewYork Times,the DailyMail.用在以组成的节日前18“festival”the SpringFestival theMidautumn Festival由所构成的节日前不加定冠词“day”theTeachers5Day,May Day在某些动词词组中，涉及到身体部位名词的前面要加定冠词
19.take/catch/grab/pat/hit/strike/beat/...+someone（受力的人）+介词受力的身体部位名词+the+I hithim onthe chin.He caughtme bythe arm.He pattedher onthe shoulder.用在表示语言的专有名词加一词之前，表示某种语言
20.“language”the Englishlanguage theChinese language用在被后置定语结构修饰的季节前面表示特指
21.They came to Beijinginthespring of
1996.
（三）.零冠词的用法不含普通名词的专有名词前用零冠词
1.We arestudying English.表示总称的复数名词之前用零冠词
2.（儿童喜欢卡通影片）Children lovecartoons.物质名词之前用零冠词
3.steel,iron,glass,water,sand...抽象名词、人名、地名前面用零冠词
4.He isout ofthinking.John Smithwent tosee hisdaughter.He livesin Shanghai..名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时用零冠词5I likethis picture.I donot haveany money.As timewent on,Einsteins theoryproved tobe correct.季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词
6.She likesspring most.Tom wasborn inMay.They allgot tothe hotelon Monday.注当季节被后置定语结构修饰的时候，前面要加定冠词the节假日、一日三餐、学科名词前用零冠词
7.Teachers9Day ison August10th inChina.We hadbreakfast intheschooldining hallyesterday morning.He studiedbiology atuniversity.称呼语、头衔、职务、职位的名词（做表语、同位语、补足语）前面前用零冠词
8.Dad,are youready Mr.Li waschairman of the meeting.We electedhim president of ourunion.Obama,presidentofthe US,cametoChina lastyear.球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词
9.She isfond ofplaying basketball.They twolike playingchess together.表示抽象意义或一般意义的时间名词前面用零冠词
10.at daybreak,at sunset,at noon,at midday,at night,at midnight,before dark,from dawnuntil dark,from morningtill night与介词连用表示乘坐的交通工具或运行方式的名词前面用零冠词
11.byby bike,by car,by bus,by road;by train,by railway;by plane,by air;注by ship,by sea;on foot系动词（变成）之后的单数名词作表语，单数名词前面用零冠词
12.turnHow hashe turnedrunner（背叛者）Nothing canmake meturn traitoragainst mycountry..“单数名词主语+谓语”这种结构作让步状语时，单数名词前面用零冠词13+as/though+Child ashe is,he knowsalotofthings.Young manthough heis,he hasseen muchoftheworld.在独立主格结构中的一些形式中，名词前面用零冠词
14.The teachercame in,book inhand withabookin hishand.（）The littlegirlisvery happy,icecream inhand withan icecreamin herhand.中国的乐器名词前面用零冠词
15.（二胡）He isgoodatplaying erhu.高考中常见的纯不可数名词，如（）等,这
16.weather,fun,space,advice,word=news,progress,information,news些不可数名词前面永远用零冠词在下列表示行为、状态、特征、原因以及说明方式目的等的固定短语中用零冠词
17.at breakfaston fireattabi ontimeat dinnerwith angerincourt withfearin debindangerin good/poor healthin goodcondition ingreat demandingreat needinmotionin timeof dangerintroublein difficultyinsurprise inhonor ofinfavor ofincolorin generalinsizein lengthincharacterin sightinorderin factoutof orderonbusinesson holidayonleaveon strikeonwatch在一些成对出现的短语中用零冠词
18.arm inarmfrom morningtill nighthandin handupand downhere andsideby sidethereday byday yearbyday anddayyear dayafter dayyearyoung andoldafter yearfromdoor todoorfrom beginningto end。
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