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Unit3Food andCulture(导学案)Period2Learning AboutLanguage01P学习目标J年课程标准学习目标2024本单元的单元主题语境是Food and【语言能力】该课时是其语法项目教学Culture,The总结过去完成时的定义和公式及用法语法是指导人们正Past Perfect Tenseo【思维品质】确使用语言的行动准则,它来自于活生培养识别和使用过去完成时的能力生的语言,并运用于语言的交际活动,【文化意识】对一个语法项目的真正掌握应体现在在给定的情境中培养逻辑思维和创造性思维的能力对语言形式、语义和语用三方面的活用上02【观察例句】
1.When myfamily andI hadjust arnvedin China,we wentlooking fora goodplace to eat inBeijing.
2.Tired,hungry,and notknowing aword ofChinese,we hadno ideahow toorder,so thechef justbegan fillingour tablewiththe bestfood we had evereaten.
3.A Sichuanrestaurant had been remendedto usby afriend,and finally,we foundit.
4.Prior toing toChina,my onlyexperience with Chinese cookingwas inAmerica,withChinesefood thathad beenchangedto suitAmerican tastes.【归纳用法】.例句和的黑体部分为过去完成时,其构成为动词过去分词”,表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发112“had+生或完成了的动作.例句和的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态形式,其构成为动词过去分词”,表示过去某一234“had+been+时间以前已经被完成的动作121探究提升过去完成时AL过去完成时的定义表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件在英语时态中,“时”指动作发生的时间,“态”指动作的样子和状态它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果由+过去分词”“had构成A
2.过去完成时的基本结构had+动词过去分词⑴肯定句主语动词过去分词+其他+had+本周早些时候他去过纽约He hadalready beento NewYork earlierin theweek.否定句主语动词过去分词+其他2+had+not+.那时我们还没有见到她At thattime wehadnt mether疑问句主语+动词过去分词+其他?3Had+肯定回答主语Yes,+had.否定回答主语No,+hadiTt.一你以前参观过这里吗?Had youvisited herebefore------是,我去过/没有,我以前没有去过—Yes,Ihad./No,I hadnt——特殊疑问句特殊疑问词或词组+主语+过去分词+其他?4had+你来这里前还去过哪儿?Where hadyou beenbefore youcame here被动语态主语+动词过去分词+其他5hadnot+been+.到去年底为止,所有的准备工作都完成了By theend oflast yearall thepreparatory workhad been done【变式练】21Hework in the storefor fiveyears beforehe movedhere.【变式练22]When Igot tothe station,the trainleave.【变式练23]The taskfinishbefore1200yesterday.[答案]
1.had worked
2.had left
3.had been finishedA
3.基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作即“过去的过去”可
1.以用等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上by,before下文来表示By nineoclock lastnight,wehad got200pictures fromthe spaceship.到昨晚点钟,我们已经收到张飞船发来的图片9200表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和构成的时间状语连用
2.for,since当车来的时候,我在车站已等了分钟I had been atthe busstop for20minutes whena busfinally came.
20.他说自从年以来他就在那家工厂工作He saidhe had worked inthat factorysince19491949叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完
3.成时.史密斯先生昨天去世了他以前是我的好友Mr.Smith diedyesterday.He had been agood friend of mineIdidnt knowa thingabout theverbs,for I had notstudied mylesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时
4..我已归还了我借的书I returnedthe bookthat I had borrowed.她丢失的钥匙找到了She foundthe keythat she had lost过去完成时常常用在等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的
5.tokL said,knew,heard,thought动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前他说他彳艮熟悉她He saidthat he had knownher well..我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了I thoughtIhadsent theletter aweek before状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时
6.如引导的复合句when,before,after,as soon as,till/imtil我酉星来时雨已停了When Iwoke up,it hadalready stoppedraining..她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉She didntgo tobed untilshe hadfinished herwork注意如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含和的复合句中,因为从句before after的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时After hearrived inEngland,Marx workedhard toimprove hisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平动词等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打
7.think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend算或意图等.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里They hadwanted tohelp butcould notget therein time我们本来希望能来看看你We had hoped tobe abletoeand seeyou.过去完成时还可用在,.•等
8.hardly...when...,no sooner...than…it wasthe firstsecond,etctime that.固定句型中.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他Hardly had he begunto speakwhen theaudience interruptedhim他刚至」就又走了No soonerhadhearrived thanhe wentaway again.I这是他那一年第三次失业了It wasthe thirdtime thathehad been outof workthat year.【变式练】31Webuild fivenew buildingsby theendoflast year.【变式练32]I couldsee fromher facethat shereceivesome goodnews.【变式练33]He saidhebe therebefore.【变式练】34We realizedwelose ourway.【变式练35]Wehope thatyou wouldbe ableto visitus.【答案】
1.had built
2.had received
3.had been
4.had lost
5.hadhoped.与现在完成时的区别a4现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以的时间为基点,但侧重对产生的结果或造成的影响;now now过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它比较.到目前为止我已经学会了个英语单词I havelearned1,000English wordsso far1000到那时为止我已经学会了个英语单词Ihadlearned1,000English wordstill then.1000一对不起,让你久等了Im sorryto keepyou waiting.------一没什么,我只等了几分钟Oh,not atall.I havebeen hereonly afew minutes.---------【变式练41]The concertstart.We haveto lookfor ourseats inthe dark.【变式练】;42You,re toolate thetrainleave.【变式练431Heteach Englishfor twentyyears whenhe retired.【变式练44]Theyget everythingready beforeI came.【答案】
1.has started
2.has left
3.had taught
4.hadgot.过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合表示过去某一时间以A5前已经被完成的动作,常与等引导的时间状语连用由过去分词”构成by,before“had+been+过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式
1.肯定结构主语++其他成分1had been done否定结构主语++其他成分2had not been done疑问句结构主语++其他成分3had+beendone疑问词++主语++其他成分?had beendone过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况
2.⑴表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与等引导的时间状语连用by,before.当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束了By thetime hegot tothe school,the firstclass had beenfinished老师来之前,教室还没有打扫过The classroomhadnt been cleaned beforethe teachercame.地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁?How manybuildings hadbeen destroyedwhen theearthquake ended⑵根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时任务完成后,他继续上网搜索As theassignment hadbeendone,he wenton tosearch theInternet..他做了别人叫他做的事He didwhat hehadbeentold to另当从句由或引导时,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时after,before,when assoonas.他至达口寸,给她打了When hearrived,he calledher U.在离开前,他们把门锁上了They lockedthe doorbefore theyleft在等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时3told,said,knew,heard,thought.他们说生产成本已经降低了They saidthe productioncosts hadbeen reduced那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交The girlwas remindedthat herhomework had notbeenhanded in.The mediareported morethan1,000people hadbeen killedintheearthquake.媒体报道有多人在地震中丧生1000[名师点津]过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作,过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作例如这条被污染了的河流已被净化This pollutedriver has beencleaned.析该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化例如.他说这本书已被译成日语He saidthis bookhadbeentranslated intoJapanese析该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语【变式练51]The earthquakepredictseveral daysbefore.【变式练52]The deviceuseoperationally somemonths previously.【变式练53]Our classroomclean.You needntclean itnow.【变式练54]The childtakecare ofby grandmaall theseyears.【答案】
1.hadbeenpredicted
2.hadbeenused
3.has beencleaned
4.hasbeentaken体系构建【总结感悟】构建知识体系定义表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,发生在“过去的过去”表示日过去的其一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态用法在宾语,状语从句中,主、从句的动作有先后关系,如果动作在后的,用一般过去时,那动作在前的,用过去肯定句主语+had done+其它否定句主语+hadnotdone+其它结构一股疑问句Had+主诺+done+其它?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+had+主语+done+其它刀口ed-女口worked.played z以不发音的e结尾-直接加d-如lived,tasted过去完成时箍音+限尾-去y改i+ed-女口studied,fried规则The PastPerfectTense重读历音行结尾-双写最后一个销音字母+ed-如stopped.planed动词过去分词变化规则以c结尾-变c为ck*ed-如picnic-picnicked,traffic-trafficked不规则现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,就重对现在的影响与现在完成时反犷[<过去完成时表示动作发生在过去之前,恻重强谑动作发的时间是过去的过去过去完成时强谒过去的过去”的动作和情况与过去时区别一股过去时只强调过去发生的动作和状态分层训练
一、单词拼写
1.Red braisedp isone ofthe mostfamous Chinesedishes.(稍微)
2.The situationhas improvedduring thepast year.
3.My motherfinally convincedme to start countingc inorder notto beeoverweight.(类别).
4.The foodswere dividedinto sixdifferent(纤维)
5.Fruit andvegetables arehigh incontent.
6.We consumedvast qof foodand drinkthat night.(总体上)
7.,,our positionis strongerthan itwas lastyear.
8.T reallylove thearea andsee itas ani placetostartmy newlife.(基本的)
9.We needto makechanges tothe wayin whichwe treatour environment.
10.Daniel leanedback onthe sofa,still con hisapple.【答案】
1.pork
2.somewhat
3.calories
4.categories
5.fibre
6.quantities
二、完成句子
7.Overall
8.ideal
9.fundamental
10.chewing.昨晚八点前我们已经准备好了这道菜的材料1by eighto*clock lastnight.她意识到她把糖当成了盐
2.She realizedshe.安迪告诉我他已看过那本食谱
3.Andy toldme.•史密斯先生离开这家餐厅时,他已当主厨十五年了4By thetime Mr.Smith leftthe canteen,.所有的工具在实验开始前就已经准备好了
5.All thetools beforethe experimentbegan..当消防员到达时,大火已经被扑灭6When firefightersarrived,.【答案】l.We hadprepared theingredients forthis dish
2.had mistakensugar forsalt
3.hehadread therecipe book
4.he
三、语法填空hadworkedas achef for15years
5.hadbeenprepared
6.the bigfire hadbeen putoutAs aman waspassing the elephants,he suddenlystopped,confused bythe fact
1.these hugecreatures werebeingheld byonly athin ropetied totheir frontleg.No chains,no
2.cage.It wasobvious thattheelephantscould,at any time,break awayfrom theirbonds.But forsome reason,they didnot.He sawa trainernearby andasked whythese elephantsjuststood thereand madeno attempt
3.get away.“Well,“the trainersaid,when theyare veryyoung andmuch
4.small,weuse thesame sizerope totie them,and atthat age,it*s enoughto hold them.As theygrow up,they
5.condition tobelievethey cannotbreak away.They believethe ropecan stillholdthem,
6.they nevertry tobreak free/The manwas amazed.These elephantscould atanytimebreak freefrom theirbonds butbecause they
7.believe theycouldnt,they werestuckright wherethey were.Like theelephants,how manyof usgo throughlife
8.hang ontothe beliefthat wecannot dosomething,
9.simple becausewe failedin itonce before
10.fail ispart oflearning.We shouldnever giveup thestrugglein life.【答案】就考查同位语从句设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明的具体内容,不作句子成分,不可以省略Lth factthat,考查名词复数句意没有链子,也没有笼子根据前面的可知此处用复数
2.cages chains「考查非谓语动词句意他看到附近有一位驯兽师,就问为什么这些大象只是站在那里,不试着逃脱
3.toge.不尝试做某事make noattempt todo sth『考查形容词的比较级此处表示与现在相比“更小”的时候,且前有修饰,故用形容词的比较
4.smalle much级考查固定用法句意随着它们长大,它们已经习惯了相信它们不能逃脱习
5.are conditionedbe conditionedto惯于考查连词设空处前后为因果关系,所以用
6.so,so考查动词的时态根据前边的和宾语从句的时态可知用一般过去时
7.believed could考查非谓语动词和主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语
8.hangin£hang,考查副词此处应用副词作状语
9.simply考查名词句意失败是学习的一部分此处为名词作主语lO.Failurd。