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第讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致02认识谓语动词十种必考时态的形式及意义掌握被动语态的各个形式目标1目标2基础知识般现在时
①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态常用的时间状语有always,usually,often,sometimes,every day等I usuallydo myhomework in the eveningevery day.我通常每天晚上做作业
②少数表示位置移动的动词,如e,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop,depart等,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作My flighttakes offat500am.我的航班早上五点起飞
③在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时Theyll standby youeven ifyou donsucceed.即使你不成功,他们也会支持你一般过去时
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,just now,the otherday,two weeksago等时间状语连用He arrivedat schoolat9I00am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校
②根据上下文或主从句提示I didntpass theexam,which mademy parentsvery angry.我没有通过考试,这让我父母很生气鼻圉过关检测J!“IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII・单句语法填空I(•浙江台州期末考试)()
1.2018We reduceemission of air pollutantsin recentyears,but carsarestill majorsource ofthem.(浙江金、丽、衢十二校联考)()
2..2018-1just graduatedfrom WestCoast University!receivejob skilltraining justbefore that,but I had neverworked.(•浙江金华十校模拟)()
3.2018Doctors andscientists learna greatdeal aboutsleep in the lastthirtyyears.(•合肥第一次检测)
4.2018Its funfor amateursto try,but to bee goodat it,not onlyyears of()practice but also naturaltalent need.(•郑州质量预测)(游行)
5.2018A groupof peopleparaded throughthe village,two ofthem()dressed asa lion,going intoevery hometo performa songfor goodfortune.I attractby this andfollowed thegroup,taking photosto sharewith myfamily.(•贵州普通高等学校招生适应性考试)(禁忌)
6.2018There aremany differenttaboos around()the world.A tabooisasocial actionthat isnot allow.(•河北七所名校联考)()
7.2018The market,which callTrain NightMarket Ratchadain English,was openedin January2015and hasbee apopular spotfor localsand tourists.(•浙江嘉兴基础测试)()
8.2018By thattime,she acceptby YaleUniversity andHarvardUniversity in the U.S.(•福建五校统考)
9.2018According toa recentsurvey,violence didexist inschools.Students()showed theirfear andparents andteachers alsoexpress theirgreat concernabout it.(•江西南昌一模)()
10.2018At a young age,he moveto Spainand nowplays professionallyforthe FCBarcelona.单句改错II(•全国卷短文改错)
1.2017II Whensummer came,they willinvite theirstudents topick thefreshvegetables!(•四川卷短文改错)
2.2016Both Dadand Iplanned todo somethingon MothersDay.Weup earlyin themorning.get(•湖北武昌区高三调研)
3.2018Finally,I workharder thanever andmade greatprogress inmymath.(•西安九校联考)
4.2018Today,at thelocal conveniencestore whereI work,an elderlymanwith aguide doge in.____________________(•安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)
5.2018This morning,I gotan emailfrom thelibrary.It saidthebook Ireserved wasready tobe pickingup.
6.(2018・安徼百所重点高中模拟)1not thepeople youcame acrossin yourdaily lifewhowill standby youin timeof need.(•山东省部分重点中学第一次调研)
7.2018Tired ofsleeping onthe floor,ayoungman inTeheranbought areal bed.lt was the first time that he havebee theproud ownerof abed.(•洛阳统一考试)
8.2018When Dadcame home,he noticedmy uneasinessand askedme whathashappened.()
9.2018•Once Iwent to the marketwith mymum fora bigdinner onSaturday.When wewere walkingpast thestalls,a loudnoise wascaught myattention.(•福建福川十三中期中考试)
10.2018Today Ivegot wonderfulnews totell you.Ihad beenoffered ajob at a panyin Englandfor mygood performance.语法与写作Ill那是我第一次见到外国人我感到很兴奋,就走上前去向他说了声(
1.“hello the firsttime,)see,foreigner,excited,go up,say“helloto据报道,这个城市附近将建立一个大的化工厂,许多市民强烈反对
2.it isreported that,alarge chemicalfactory,citizens,be opposedto由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时
3.owing,flight,delay,couple明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈我急不可待地想见到你
4.talk togetherhappily,can twait to近来,我一直都在为即将到来的考试做准备,我感到身心疲惫
5.prepare for,exhausted,physically andmentally现在进行时
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有now,right now,at present,at thismoment,these days等I dontreally workhere;I amjust helpingout untilthe newsecretary arrives.我真的不在这里工作,只是在帮忙,直到新秘书来
②某些表示位置移动的动词,如go,e,leave,arrive,start,move等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作She isleaving forBeijing tomorrow.她明天将动身去北京
③与always,often,forever,constantly,continually等连用时,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩,而非强调动作正在进行He isalways helpingothers.他总是帮助其他人过去进行时
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作这一过去时间需用时间状语表示与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有then,at thattime,at thistime yesterday等He waspreparing hislecture allday yesterday.昨天一整天他都在准备他的讲座
②表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作只限于plan,e,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等He said that shewas arrivingthe nextday.他说她第二天会到达⑶将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作常与at800am tomorrow,in thenexttwo months等时间状语连用Ill bedoing somehousework tomorrowafternoon.明天下午我将要干些家务活现在完成进行时
①表示开始于过去某个时间,一直延续到现在的动作这一动作可能刚完成,也可能继续进行下去常与these days,recently,lately,inthepast/last few+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段等连用All theseyears theyhave beencontributing articlesto ourmagazine.这些年来,他们一直为我们杂志写稿
②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作We have been seeingeach otherquite alot recently.最近我们常常见面一般将来时
①“wiH/shall+动词原形”表示现在看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定It issaidthathe willretire nextmonth.据说他将于下月卸任
②be goingto+动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事;表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,推测某事即将发生Look atthe cloud.Ifs goingto rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了
③“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作它不与表示具体时间的状语连用,但可以与when连用The EnglishEvening isabouttostart.英语晚会即将开始
④“beto+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见You areto handin yourpapers by10oclock.你要10点前交上论文过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中She wassure shewould succeed.她确信她会成功现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时刚刚完成的动作常与recently,lately,up to/till now,so far,inthepast/last fewmonths/years...等连用—Im sorry,but Idont quitefollow you.Did yousay youwanted to return onSeptember20一Sorry,I haventmade myselfclear.We wanttoreturnon October
20.——对不起,我没完全明白你的话你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗?——对不起,我没有表达清楚我们打算10月20号回来
②表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”“since...”表述的时间状语连用They haveworked heresince theyleft college.自从大学毕业他们就在这儿工作了过去完成时
①表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态,即“从过去到过去”When Jackarrived,Mary hadbeen awayfor almostan hour.当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了
②在hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,且常用部分倒装,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……We hadno soonerbeen seatedthan thebus started.我们刚落座,公共汽车就开动了
③在by,by theend of,by thetime,until,before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”By theend oflast year,we hadproduced20,000cars.到去年年底,我们已经生产了20000辆汽车
④表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示,即“hoped/planned...+to havedoneI hadplanned tosend hima Christmascard,but Iforgot todo so.我本来打算寄给他一张圣诞卡片的,但我忘了寄了【.即时演练】单句语法填空
1.(2022•吉林长春二模)A coupleof daysago,he(announce)thathe wanted toberemoved fromnext yearsMichelin Guide,saying thathewantedto givea newmeaning tohislife.
2.(2022-河南焦作四模)Also,the generalnumber ofsea animals(decrease)by abouthalfsince
1970.
3.(2022•四川攀枝花二模)Take,for example,the unnamedmuter,who inJune2018()fall offa stationplatform ontoan electricrailway trackin Toronto,Canada.
4.(2022•安徽淮南一模)The TerracottaArmy figures9excavation(发掘)is regardedas()one ofthe greatestdiscoveries ofthe20th century.They lieunderground formore than2,000years beforefarmers digginga wellin1974uncovered whatis nowconsidered oneofthe greatestarchaeological sitesintheworld.
5.(2022•福建厦门夕卜国语期末)Sailing shipswhen settingsail(have)a sealedboxcontaining moneyon boardfor goodluck.If thevoyage succeeds,the boxwas givento apriest,opened atChristmas andthe contentsthen giventothepoor.动词的语态
1.各种时态中被动语态的构成时态被动语态的构成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will bedone现在进行时am/is/are beingdone过去进行时was/were beingdone现在完成时have/has beendone过去完成时hadbeendone2,被动语态的用法⑴不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者Attention,please!A meetingwill beheld inthe officeat800a.m.tomorrow.Everyone isexpected to attend ontime.请注意!明天上午八点在办公室召开会议望大家准时参加2强调或突出动作的承受者The womanwas takento hospital.那位女士被送进了医院3动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰The ideawas supportedby thosewho wishedto makemuch money.想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意【名师指津】
①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词The planwill begiven up.这项计划就要被放弃了Bad habitshave beendone awaywith.坏习惯已经改掉了
②含情态动词的被动语态形式是情态动词+be+过去分词He mustbe preventedfrom going.必须阻止他去The planought tobe putinto practiceas soonas possible.这项计划应该尽早执行
③“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化The patientgot treatedonce aweek.那位病人一周治疗一次He felloff thecar andgot killed.他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了【.即时演练】单句语法填空
1.2022•江西五市八校模拟Construction ofthe bridgestarted in
2019.Its totalcost willeto some10billion RMB.Itexpect tobe pletedby theend ofthis year.
2.2022•安徽宣城二模Owing tothe vastareas andlarge populationof China,diversedialects canfindin thisgreat land,such asthe Wudialect inShanghai,Hakka andCantonese.
3.2022•四川绵阳三诊1tell thatthe92—year—old mumofafriend hada tinof tomatosoupsnatched fromher hand atasupermarket inRyde earlierthis week.
4.2022•安徽蚌埠三模To helpsolve difficultiesfacing thoseseniors,the Beijingcitygovernment willcarry out52specific measuresthis year.An additional37measures takein
2022.
5.2022-安徽池州一模Since then,this kindof clothingregard asChinese Tangsuit andhasenjoyed agreatpopularity inChina andabroad.主谓一致原则
31.语法一致原则1动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数Listening tomusic makesme relaxedafter abusy day.忙碌一天之后,听音乐使我感到很放松【名师指津】what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式What hesays anddoes doesnot concernme.他的言行与我无关What hesays anddoes donot agree.他的言行不一致2主语后品艮with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than等连接的短语时,谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致The teacheras wellas hisstudents wasvery excited.老师和学生们者E非常激动【名师指津】
①and,both...and…连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式The singerand danceris to attend ourevening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会
②定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致My friendshowed mearound thetown,which wasvery attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇,这个小镇非常迷人
③“many a/more thanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数Many aparent hashad togo throughthis samepainful process.很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程Every boyand everygirl wishestoattendthe partytobeheld onSunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会3“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式The sickhave beencured andthe losthave beenfound.患病的人被治愈,同时失踪的人也被找到了4表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词通常用单数形式Two thousandmiles isa longdistance.两千英里是一段很长的距离
2.意义一致原则1集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,mittee,government,audience等The wholeclass weretold tostay behindafter school.全班的学生被告知放学后留下⑵“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all,some,half,most,the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义About onethird ofthe bookswere writtenby him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的
3.就近一致原则
(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...butalso...,not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致Either youor oneof yourclassmates istoattendthe meetingthat isdue tomorrow.你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议
(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致There arethree chairs,a deskandaputer inthe room.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑【.即时演练】单句语法填空1(.2022•安徽安庆二模)The teamalso saidthe newmodel processesabout10billion times()as fastasthe53—qubit quantumputer developedby Googleand thatthe breakthroughbethe resultof20years ofeffort,which hasovere severalmajor technologicalblocks.
2.(2022•安彳效5也州一模)Adding thewestern cuttingmethod aswellasshoulder pads(肩垫)(make)the clothesfit better.
3.(2022•广东汕头一模)Within thesleeper carriage,with littleelse todo,people talkor()play cards,and soona smallmunity developamong thepassengers.
4.(2022•河北保定一模)Chinas Chang9e5mission successfullydelivered samples(样本)of moonrock anddust toEarth onDecember17,
2020.It(mark)thefirsttime inover40years thatmoon rockshavebeenbrought backto ourplanet,since theSoviet UnionsLuna24mission in
1976.
5.(2022•唐山二模)In timewhen ourinteractions withothers andthe largeamount ofinformationwe takein(be)all tootransient(转瞬即逝的),perhaps itis worthmakingbit moretime forreading outloud.。