暑假作业11阅读理解（原卷版）

完成时间—月一日天气■浮,作业阅读理解11II细书包解美细节理解题干扰选项特征张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确，部分错误推理判断类掌握推理判断题的考查角度⑴高频考点推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度

（2）低频考点推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象推理判断题正确选项特征“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得

1.选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念如等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一

2.only,never,all,absolutely些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如等推理判often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably断题干扰选项特征曲解文意即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,命

1.题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解张冠李戴即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是

2.其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点,偷梁换柱干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词,造3成句意的改变无中生有这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点

4.其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干鱼目混珠鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替

5.其在文章特定语境中的具体含义扩缩范围为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上

6.almost,all,nearly,等词语对文意加以限制“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性more than,normally,usually词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法词义猜测类performance-oriented,wanting toplease bygetting highgrades,but they are notinterested in learning for its ownsake.（）The solution,according toDweck,is tolead them to beemastery-oriented i.e.interested ingetting betterat something.She claimsthat theever-lasting effortover timeis thekey tooutstanding achievements.Psychologists have been testingthese theories.Underperforming schoolchildren on a NativeAmerican reservationwereexposed togrowth mindset techniques for a year.The resultswere nothingless thanincredible.They came top inregionaltests,beating childrenfrom much more privileged backgrounds.These childrenhad previouslyfelt thatmaking aneffortwas asign ofstupidity,but theycametosee it as thekey tolearning.

1.What canwe learn about aperson ifhis responseis B”A.He isperformance-oriented.B.He tendsto setlimits to his life.C.He enjoysthe processand focuses on the future.D.He boostshis self-esteem byparing withothers.

2.Which of the followingsuggestions willProfessor Dweckgive toparents andteachersA.To rewardchildren for their highgrades.B.To emphasizethe importanceof intelligence.C.To ignorethe resultbrought byfailure.D.To praisechildren for their engagementin the process.

3.What doesThese children^^in the last paragraphrefer toA.Children showingno interestinlearning.B.Children whouse fixedmindsettechniques.C.Children frommuchmoreprivilegedbackgrounds.D.Underperforming schoolchildren on a NativeAmerican reservation.

4.Why doesthe authorwrite the textA.To distinguishthe growth mindset and the fixedmindset.B.To informreaders of the importanceof thegrowthmindset.C.To showseveral psychologicalstudy results.D.To pointout a problem in education at the moment.五A panycalled pass Pools hassome goodnews forheight andswimming enthusiasts.Recently,the panyannouncedtheir noveldesign—a firstof itskind360-degree poolwhich isset to be placedonaskyscraper inLondon.The InfinityLondonwill bethe firstand onlybuilding in the worldto includethis cutting-edge pooldesign.The pool will belaid ontopof a55-story skyscraperand willallow peopleto floatover200meters abovethe Londonskyline withimobstructed（没有障碍的）views of the city.The entranceto the pool ishidden.People beganto raisequestions about how anyonewould getinside the pool,pass（螺旋形的）Pools explains/Swimmers willaccess thepool througha rotatingspiral staircasebased on the doorof asubmarine,rising from thepoolfloor whensomeone wantsto getin or out.”But thatis notthe onlyunique technologyof thepool.The designersfound away to make surethe winddoesnt blow（风速计）the waterdown to the streets.They includeda built-in anemometerto monitor the wind speed.It islinked to aputer-controlled buildingmanagement systemwhich will also takecare of the temperatureof thewater.Alex Kemsleypromises thatthis uniquepoolwillsurpass everyone*s expectations.Its quitea strangefeeling toswim in theSkyPool atThe Shardand havehelicopters flyingpast atyour levelbut thispool takesitastep further,^he（游泳镜）says/Tutting yourgoggles on and witha360-degree view of Londonfrom220m up,it reallywill besomething（恐高的）!”else-but it*s definitelynot onefor theacrophobicWhile theexact dateof the construction is not clearyet,if thingsgo well,it may begin in2O

22.The locationhas yettobe confirmedtoo.l.What canwe learnfrom thefirst paragraphA.The InfinityLondon is the onlybuilding toswim in.B.Swimmers canenjoy theviews ofLondon in the newpool.C.The poolis located on thefirst floorof askyscraper.D.passPoolshas builtmany360-degree poolsin the world.

2.What doesthe underlinedword“that”in Paragraph3refer toA.How toget aviewofLondon.B.How to monitorthewindspeed.C.How toget intooroutof thepool.D.How tokeep thewater in thepool.

3.Who mightnot besuitable toswim in the newpoolA.People whoenjoy flying.B.People wholose weight.C.People whofear heights.D.People whohave poorsight.

4.What canwe knowabout the new poolAltisnotcertain whenpeople canswiminit.B.The exactlocation of theconstructionis clear.C.Swimmers canexpect itsdesigns easily.D.Its impossibletomonitorthe temperatureof thewater.六Scientists in Australia havediscovered that they canuse theworlds smelliestfruits to make devicesthat couldpowerelectric cars.A durianis afruit thatlooks likea pineapple.It is a delicacyin someAsian countries,but itssmell issounpleasant thatsome ofthose countrieshave bannedit frompublic places.Its smellhas beenpared torotting eggsand evensmellyold gymsocks.Vincent Gomesand hiscolleagues at the Universityof Sydney,inAustralia,used adurian anda jackfruit——anotherfruit knownforitsterrible smell—to makeenergy storingdevices calledsupercapacitors.Supercapacitors arean alternative to batteries.They cantstore as much energyas anormal batterydoes,but theyaremuch quickerto recharge.Durians and jackfruits containsome of the chemicalsused insupercapacitors,which gaveGomesthe idea.To makethe fruit-based devices,the teamheated and then freeze-dried theuneatable coresof the durianand jackfruitto makea specialkind ofmaterial calledan aerogel.Aerogels areone of theworld*s lightestsolid materials.Often calledfrozen smoke”,theyaremade byremoving theliquidfrom agel andreplacing itwith air.They havemany scientificuses,but one of theirspecial propertiesis the abilityto conductelectric currents,which makes them animportant part of supercapacitors.The aerogelsmade from thedurianandjackfruit bothworked wellwhen placedinside asupercapacitor,although thedurian aerogelwas foundto bethe betterof the two.The discoveryis importantbecause thematerials currentlyused tomake supercapacitorsare expensive.Using naturalfoodslike duriansandjackfruits,Gomes says,could reduceenvironmental pollution,as wellas costs.

1.What makessome countrieshave differentattitudes towardthe durianA.Its smell.B.Its appearance.C.Its value.D.Its popularity.

2.Which paragraphmentions Gomessinspiration ofinnovationA.Paragraph

1.B.Paragraph

2.C.Paragraph

3.D.Paragraph

4.

3.What doesthe underlinedword themin Paragraph4refer toA.Aerogels.B.Scientific uses.C.Properties.D.Electric currents.

4.What canwe learnabout fruit-based supercapacitorsA.They aredevices forproducing electricity.B.They arechemicals fromdurians.C.They aregreen andeconomical.D.They arelight andliquid.七The pandemichas requiredmany peopletomakedifficult judgments.Politicians havehad todecide whichrestrictionsto imposeon citizens*behavior andindividuals wereforced toassess howmuch personalrisk totake.Good judgmentis aquality everyonewould like to have.But itis remarkablydifficult todefine precisely,and manypeople are notsure whetherthey personallypossess it.Sir AndrewLikierman ofLondon BusinessSchool hasspent a longtime talkingto leadersin awide rangeof fieldsin aneffort to create aframework forunderstanding judgment.First hehad todefine theword.He suggeststhat judgmentis“the binationof personalqualities withrelevantknowledge andexperience toform opinionsand make decisions”.The degreeof judgmentrequired tendsto increaseaspeople take on moreresponsibility.For achief executive,the proportionof decisionsinvolving judgmentis high.Decidingnot totake actionis alsoa judgmentwith potentiallyserious consequences.Some peoplethink thatgood judgmentis inborn.Sir Andrewaccepts thatsome individualsare born with theability tolisten,be self-aware andbetter understandother people:all qualitiesthat makegood judgmenteasier.Others mayhave thewrongsort ofcharacteristics:a tendencyto ignoreothers,stick torules irrespectiveof context,rush into action withoutreflectionand struggletomakeup theirminds.As artificial intelligence getsused formore and more routinetasks in the servicesector,exercising judgmentmay beone of theonly areaswhere humansretain anedge overmachines.This isfar fromcertain,however.With enoughpractice,machines maybe ableto displaythe equivalentof good judgment.But then,perhaps humanscan betaught,too.In thelongrun,oneof the trickiestaspects ofhuman judgmentmaybeknowing preciselywhen tolet machinesmakedecisionsandwhen to leave itto people.

1.Which of the followingsituations DOESNTneed aperson*s judgmentA.Politicians deciderestrictions imposedon citizensbehavior.B.A personassesses whataction totake in the faceof difficulties.C.A studenttries towork outa mathproblem.D.A farmerfeels hurtwhen bittenby asnake.

2.Which statementis trueabout SirAndrew LikiermanA.He talkedto leaderswith good judgment forhis study.B.He thinkspeople arebornwith goodjudgment.C.He thinksbeing self-aware helpswithgoodjudgment.D.He thinkspeople with theabilityto listenhave goodjudgment.

3.What mayartificialintelligencebe ableto doaccording to the passageA.To makedecisions freely.B.To finishall thetasks.C.To displaygoodjudgment.D.To leavedecisions tohumans.

4.Which of the followingcould replace the underlined phraseA.Have anadvantage over.B.Take theplace of.C.Per formworse than.D.Stand upto.八A schoofs peace room“aims to end fightingin thehallsBy thetime MarquitaRiley,16,and AaliyahHudson,17,ended up in theirschoofs“peaceroom，rumors（传I闻）had floatedthrough thehalls that the twogirls weregoing tofight.The peaceroom atManley isa part of theschools restorative justice initiative,a growingsocial movementthat,among otherthings,focusesonhealing andteaching how to solveconflicts.The philosophyaims to bring togethervictimsand offendersto cooperativelywork throughtheir problems.The conceptis increasinglybeing usedin schools,munity centersand churchesin Chicagoas away toteach youngpeoplehowtoanalyze theiranger.They learnto confronttension beforeit turnsviolent.It is also beingused as an（处罚的）alternativetopunitive measures,like suspensionsand arrests,which canlead tomore troublefor hurtingmunities.The ideais that“when harmhappens orsomeone misbehaves,there needsto be a processof restorationin orderforthe munityto moveforward,said IlanaZafran ofUmoja StudentDevelopment.Umoja runsrestorative justiceprograms inChicagoschools.The conceptforces allsides in a disagreementto municateand understand one anotherinstead ofresorting toviolence.There maystill bepunishment forwrongdoing,but restorativejustice emphasizesidentifying hurtand thinkingof ways tofix it.“A lotof ourkids don*t want to beinvolved infights.They dontwantto be suspendedor awayfrom school,“Jacksonsaid.We hadtocreatean environmentof peace.High schoolhas tobe apleasurable experiencefor ourkids.If theye hereandfeel thesame anxietythey feelin thestreets,how canwe expectthem tostay”Among thepeople therewere Marquita and Aaliyah,the twogirls rumoredtobegearing upforamajor fight.Afteranother20minutes ofdiscussion,they agreedthey hadsimply misunderstoodeach other.The girlsdecided they would notfight,and promisedtheywouldtalk itover if they foundthemselves facingtension again.l.What isManley*speaceroom aimedatA.Preventing rumorsfrom spreading.B.Developing students1team spirit.C.Helping studentsrestore relations.D.Warning studentsto behavewell.

2.What mayresult fromlack ofrestorativejusticein munitiesA.Alternatives topunishment.B.Violent tension.C.Processes ofrestoration.D.Controlled anger.

3.Which canreplacethe underlinedphrasein Paragraph5A.Depending on.B.Putting up with.C.Looking backto.D.Making upfor.

4.Why doesthe authorgive anexample ofMarquitaandAaliyahA.To proveeffectiveness of the peaceroom.B.To showthe harmof campusviolence.C.To explain the reasonfor suspension.D.To introducekids*school experiences.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度

（1）猜测生词或熟词生义；

（2）猜测短语的意义；

（3）猜测替代词所替代的内容（如it,one,they,this,that,these,等）；（）猜测句意those4明确方法技巧

（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

（2）根据同位关系进行猜测

（3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、派生、合成等）进行猜测

（4）根据因果关系进行猜测

（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

（6）根据同义或近义关系进行猜测

（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

（8）意义吻合定句意主旨大意类题型掌握主旨大意题的考查角度主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案明确方法技巧.阅读文章的标题或副标题1,寻找文章的主题句2主题句的特点是相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；主题句一般结构简单；段落中其他句子必定L

2.

3.是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的遍巩固提升练POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poemabouthowcourage,determination,and strengthhave helpedyou facechallenges inyour life.Prizes3Grand Prizes:Trip toWashington,D.C.for each of threewinners,a parentandoneother personofthewinnerschoice.Trip includesroundtrip airtickets,hotel stayfor twonights,and toursoftheNational Airand SpaceMuseum andtheoffice ofNational GeographicWorld.6First Prizes:The bookSky Pioneer:A Photobiographyof AmeliaEarhart signedby authorCorinne Szaboandpilot LindaFinch.50Honorable Mentions:Judges willchoose upto50honorable mention winners,who willeach receivea Tshirtinmemory ofEarharts finalflight.RulesFollow allrules carefullyto preventdisqualification.■Writeapoem using100words orfewer Yourpoem can be anyformat,any number of lines,■Write byhand ortype ona singlesheet of paper.You mayuse boththe frontand backofthe paper.■On thesame sheetofpaper,write ortype yourname,address,telephone number,and birthdate.■Mail yourentry tous byOctober31this year.

1.How many people caneach grandprize winnertakeon the freetripA.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.

2.What willeachofthe honorablementionwinnersgetA.A planeticket.B.A bookby CorinneSzabo.C.A specialTshirt.D.A photoof AmeliaEarhart.

3.Which ofthe followingwill resultin disqualificationA.Typing yourpoem out.B.Writing apoem of120words.C.Using bothsides ofthepaper.D.Mailing yourentry onOctober

30.（孤独）,With theyoung unable to affordtoleavehome and the oldat riskof isolationmore familiesare choosingtolive together.The doorway to peaceand quiet,for NickBright at least,leads straightto his motherinlaw,she liveson thegroundfloor,while helives upstairswith hiswife andtheir twodaughters.Four years ago theyall movedintoathreestorey Victorian house inBristol------------oneofa growingnumber ofmultigenerationalfamilies inthe UKliving togetherunder thesame roof.They sharea frontdoor anda washingmachine,but RitaWhitehead hasher ownkitchen,bathroom,bedroom andliving roomontheground floor.“We floatedthe ideato mymum ofsharing ata house,“says KathrynWhitehead.Rita cutsin:We spokemore withNickbecause I think itsa bigthing forNick to live with hismotherinlaw.”And whatdoes Nickthink Frommy standpoint,it allseems towork verywell.Would Iremend itYes,I thinkIwould.Its hardto tellexactly howmanypeopleagree withhim,but researchindicates that the numbershave beenrising forsometime.Official reportssuggest that the numberof householdswith threegenerations livingtogether hadrisen from325,000in2002to419,000in

2013.Other varietiesof multigenerational family aremore mon.Some peoplelive withtheir elderlyparents;many moreadultchildren arereturning to the familyhome,iftheyever left.It issaid thatabout20%of2534yearolds livewith theirparents,pared with16%in

1991.The totalnumberofall multigenerationalhouseholds inBritain isthought tobe about

1.8million.Stories likethat aremore monin partsoftheworld wheremultigenerational livingis morefirmly rooted.In India,particularly outsidecities,young womenare expectedto movein withtheir husbandsfamily when they getmarried.

4.Who mainlyuses theground floorintheVictorianhousein BristolA.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn D.The daughters.

5.What isNicks attitudetowards sharingthe housewithhismotherin lawA.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.A.Family traditions.B.Financial reports.C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions.

6.What isthe authorsstatement aboutmultigenerationalfamilybased on

7.What isthe textmainly aboutA.Lifestyles indifferent countries.

8.Conflicts betweengenerations.C.A housingproblem inBritain.D.A risingtrend ofliving inthe UK.In myeveryday life,I amonanongoing journeyto figureout differentwaystoreduce mycarbon footprinton theplanet.A carbon footprint isthe measure of influenceour activitieshave onthe environment,in particularclimate change.It iscalculated by the amountof greenhousegas weproduce inour dailylives.Fortunately,nowadays itis mucheasier tomake ecofriendly lifestyle choices than,lets say,20years ago.But onequestion hasbeen onmy minda lotlately:is itbetterto buynew ecofriendlyproducts or used traditionallyproduced goodsAfterdoing someresearch,I havedecided thatsome thingsare betternew andothers arebetter used.Let metry toexplain.A carbon footprint ismade upof twoparts,the primaryfootprint andthe secondary footprint.The primaryfootprint（排放）（）isa measureofour directemissions ofcarbon dioxideCO2from theburning of fuels,including householdenergyconsumption andtransportation.The secondaryfootprint isameasureoftheindirect CO2emissions fromthewhole lifecycleof productswe use——those related to theirproduction andbreakdown.Based onthis understanding,we havea gooddeal ofcontrol andresponsibility overour carbon footprint.Things likedishes,clothes andfurniture fallinto thesecondaryfootprint“group,so lessis moreand we can focuson findingused（设备）goods toavoid theadded production.However,for thecar andthe other appliances thatwe needwe cango withnew,energysaving models.I heardsomewhere thatelectronics andappliances giveoff90%of theircarbonfootprintafterthey leavethe factory.So itseems mostreasonable togo forthe energysavingmodels.The mainconcern hereis theamountof energythat goesinto themaking of new productsand whetheror notthat extracarbon isworth thefootprint theproductwill makeonce itgets toyou.

8.What isthetextmainly aboutA.What appliancesto buyto saveenergy.B.What acarbonfootprintmeans inour life.C.How toidentify differentcarbon footprints.D.How tomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.

9.What dowe knowabout thesecondaiy carbonfootprintA.It isrelatedtoour consumptionoffuels.B.It ismade whenwe arebuying theproducts.C.It isless harmfulthan theprimary carbonfootprint.D.It iscounted asours thoughnot directlymade byus.

10.Which ofthefollowing helpsreduce ourcarbonfootprintaccording to the authorA.Using secondhandtextbooks.B.Using oldand expensivecars.C.Buying newbut cheapclothes.D.Buying newwooden furniture.11・“The footprintunderlined inthelastsentence referstotheCO2produced in.A.using theproduct B.recycling theproductC.making theproduct D.transporting theproduct四When you were tryingto figureout whatto buyfortheenvironmentalist onyour holidaylist,fur probablydidnt cross（时装）your mind.But someecologists andfashion enthusiastsare tryingtobringback the market forfur madefrom nutria（海狸鼠）.Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklynhave showcasednutria furmade intoclothes indifferent styles.It soundscrazy to talk aboutguiltfree furunless youunderstand thatthe nutriaare destroyingvast wetlandseveryyear,“says CreeMeCree,project directorof Righteous Fur.Scientists inLouisiana wereso concernedthattheydecided to pay hunters$5a tail.Some ofthe furends upin thefashionshows likethe onein Brooklynlast month.Nutria werebrought therefrom Argentinaby furfarmers andlet gointo thewild.The ecosystemdown therecanthandle thisnormative species（物种）.It’sdestroying theenvironment.It*sthemorusJ saysMichael Massimi,an expertin this field.The furtrade keptnutria incheck fordecades,but whenthe marketfor nutriacollapsed inthe late1980s,the catsizedanimalsmultiplied likecrazy.Biologist EdmondMouton runsthe nutriacontrol programfor Louisiana.He saysits noteasy toconvince peoplethatnutria furis green,but hehas nodoubt aboutit.Hunters bringin more than300,000nutria tailsa year,so partof Moutonsjobthese daysis tryingto promotefur.Then theresRighteousFurand itsunusual fashions.Model PaigeMorgan says,“To givepeopleaguiltfree optionthatthey canwear withoutsomeone throwingpaint onthem-Ithinkthats goingtobe a massivething,at leasthere inNewYork.Designer JenniferAnderson admitsit tookherawhile toe aroundtotheopinion thatusing nutriafur for hercreations ismorally acceptable.Shes tryingtoeupwitha labelto attachto nutriafashions toshow itis ecofriendly.

12.What isthe purposeofthe fashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynA.To promoteguiltfree fur.B.To expandthefashionmarket.C.To introducea newbrand.D.To celebratea winterholiday.

13.Why arescientists concernedabout nutriaA.Nutria damagethe ecosystemseriously.B.Nutria arean endangeredspecies.C.Nutria hurtlocal catsizedanimals.D.Nutria areillegally hunted.

14.What doesthe underlinedword“coUapsed“in paragraph5probably meanA.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.

15.What canwe inferabout wearingfur inNew Yorkaccording toMorganA.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.Its harmful.D.Its traditional.五Sacagawea wasnot afraid.Although she was only16years oldandtheonly femalein anexploration group of morethan45people,shewasready tocourageously makeher markin Americanhistory.In1803,President ThomasJefferson boughtmore than825,000square milesof landfrom France.To explorethisnew partofthe country,Jefferson sentLewis andWilliam Clarkonatwoyear journeyto reporton whatthey found.Theyneeded localguides tohelp themthrough thisunknown territory.（绑架）Born toa Shoshonechief around1788,Sacagawea hadbeen kidnappedby anenemy tribewhen shewas about12,then soldtoaFrenchCanadian trapper.When thetrapper washired asa guidefor Lewisand Clarksexpedition in1804,Sacagawea alsojoined asan interpretertotalkto NativeAmericanpeople ontheir8,OOOmile journey.Sacagawea soonbecame arespected memberofthe group.She wasskilled atfinding plantsfor foodand（翻）medicine tohelp keepthe explorersalive.When aboat capsizedontheMissouri Riveras theywere crossinginto whatisnow Montana,Sacagawea savedimportant booksand muchneededsupplies.When theyneeded horsesto crossrougharea,she convinceda Shoshonetribe-led byher longlostbrother-to givethem some.She wasso esteemedby LewisandClark thatwhentheyreached thePacific Oceanin November1805,Sacagawea wasasked tocast hervote forwhere they（营地）.should builda fortSacagaweaproved herselfagain afterthegrouptook adifferent routehome throughwhat isnow Idaho.As theypassedthrough herhomeland,Sacagawea rememberedShoshone trailsfrom herchildhood andhelped theexpedition findtheirway through.Clark evenpraised heras his“pilot”.She receivedno payforherservices anddied onDecember20,

1812.But Sacagawea!s braveryand skilllive onin theexpeditionsjournals,which arefull ofpraise forthe16yearold Shoshonegirl whoguided themost famousAmericanexpedition ofall time.

16.Why didthe explorershire SacagaweaA.To dotrade.B.To fightthe enemy.C.To besafer.D.To helpmunicate.

17.What doesthe underlinedword“esteemed“in Paragraph4meanA.Respected.B.Suspected.C.Influenced.D.Promoted.

18.What doyou thinkof Sacagawea^role inthe expeditionA.Active.B.Irreplaceable.C.Tricky.D.Unreliable.

19.What isthe passagemainly aboutA.A specialhonor.B.A greatexpedition.C.An outstandinggirl.D.An unknownterritory.匐仿真考场练Weve allbeen there,when areally essentialitem thatyou hadto orderonline arrivesin suchan unbelievableamountof packagingthat itmakes youfeel likeits anunprepared gameof passingthe parcel.Its madeeven worsebythefact thatsome ofthe packagingcant be recycled.In fact,10million tonnesof packagingwasteare producedintheUK everyyear.A lotof thisends upin landfill,two-thirds ofwhich couldhave insteadbeenrecycled.The goodnews,however,is thathow packaging waste ismanaged isin fora BIGshake-upinline withthe polluterpaysprinciple”.By placingthe mainpoint ofduty topay onbrand owners,they will be encouragedto choosemoresustainable packagingoptions whichare recyclableand reusableasmuchas possible.Otherwise,they willhave topayhigher fees.（）This isa systemknown asExtended ProducerResponsibility EPR——meaning thatthose whohave controloverpackaging designdecisions will be encouragedto dothe rightthing forthe planetatthebeginning andconsider whathappensattheend ofthe packagingslife fromthe start.What thismeans isthat insteadof localauthorities pickingup thebill forhousehold wastemanagement,panies willhavetopayfor managingyour householdpackaging waste,and theywillbemet withthe associatedlittle coststoo.And,asanadded bonus,the newEPR lawson packagingwillalsomean thatproducers arerequired toput clear（强制性的）mandatory labelling on packaging.For example,this couldbe“RECYCLE orDO NOTRECYCLE”.Ofcourse,we hopethatthe“DO NOTRECYCLE^^category labellingistheminority.It isaimed thatby2030,78%ofpackaging willbe recycledintheUK.

1.What canwe knowfromthefirst twoparagraphsA.Two-thirds ofpackaging wasteis recycled.B.Over-packaging isoften thecase inlife.C.The qualityof goodscannot beguaranteed.D.Online shoppingis gettingless popular.

2.Who willbe responsiblefor payingpackagingwastecosts according tothelawA.Designers.B.Producers.C.Customers.D.Local authorities.

3.What canthe EPRlaws leadthe brandowners todoA.Pay highertaxes andrecycle packagingwaste.B.Put clearlabellingon packaging andpromote sales.C.Cut packagingwaste andimprove packagingrecycling.D.Follow thepackaging designtrend andthe rightthings.

4.What canbe learnedabout theitems orderedonline inthe futureA.Their labellingonpackagingwillbesimple andgenerous.B.The majorityof theirpackaging needntberecycled.C.They willbe ofhigh qualityand inexpensive.D.Theyll arriveintheright amountof recyclablepackaging.Chinese scientistshave identifieda newprotein thatrestricts HIV infection,a discoverythat couldpave the way for（）the developmentofnewdrugs againstthe virus.The protein,P-selectin glycoproteinligand1PSGL-1,which exists（抑制）in human cells,can inhibittheprocessby whichHIV reproduces,according toresearch publishedinthesciencejournal NatureMicrobiology thismonth.一（附属）However,the studyalso showedthat PSGL-1canbenegatively affectedby Vpuan accessoryprotein ofHIV-which canneutralize theability ofPSGL-1to resist HIV.Further researchis underway todevelop adrug thatcaninhibit theHIV proteinso thatPSGL-1can restrictHIV,according toTan Xu,a researcherat Tsinghua Universitys SchoolofPharmaceutical Sciences,a leadingauthor ofthe study.Several otherproteins inhumancellsthat couldresist HIVhavebeendiscovered overthe past10years,but thevirus（避开）can alsoevade them.PSGL-1shows particularpromise inthat itcan inhibitHIVinmultiple ways—especially byblockingthe infectiousnessof virusoffspring,Tan said.（分子）“We arestarting toresearch intosmall moleculepounds inthe hopeof findingone thatcan restorePSGL-l*santi-HIV function.In thisway,wecandevelop avery effectiveantiviral drugfor people with HIV/AIDS,“he said.Tansaid itwill requireatleastthree tofive yearsfbr theresearch toreach thepreclinical stage,andmoretime afterthat beforeaclinical trialis possible.The researchwas conductedby researchersat TsinghuaUniversity inBeijing,Fudan UniversityinShanghai andGeorge MasonUniversity inthe UnitedStates.Existing treatmentmethods forpeoplewith HIV/AIDS,which mostlyrely ona binationof differentdrugs,canprevent thedisease fromprogressing butcannot cureit,and long-term useof drugscan resultin drugresistance.An estimated37million peopleintheworld livewithHIV,accordingtothe JointUnited NationsProgramme onHIV/AIDS.The studyprovides newleads todeveloping antiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaid ina statement.

1.Whatcan welearnaboutPSGL-I fromthe passageA.Both theprotein PSGL-1andtheprotein Vpuare HIVproteins.B.PSGL-1can restrictthe functionoftheprotein Vpu.C.PSGL-Vs moleculepounds havebeen identified.D.The proteinPSGL-1functions betterthan othersin resistingHIV.

2.What canwe inferfromthelast threeparagraphsA.The existingtreatment forAIDS arefar fromperfect.B.It willbeadecade beforethe antiviraldrugs isput onthemarket.C.American scientistsplayed aleading roleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDS willno longerbeadeadly problemowing tothenewdiscovery.

3.What isthe mainidea ofthe passageA.There isalongwaytogo beforecuring AIDS.B.More peopleare facedwiththethreat ofHIV.C.Chinese scientistsare leadingthe wayin curingAIDS.D.A newprotein toresistHIVwas confirmedby scientists.

4.Where isthis textmost likelyfromA.A guidebook.B.A fiction.C.A magazine.D.A brochure.The villageof MisfatAl Abriyeenhas changedits fortunesby transformingmud-brick homesinto finehotels.Thevillage of800people,locatedonthe cliffsof Omanfs“Grand Canyon”,opened itsnarrow streetsyearsagoto foreignersandlocals seekingadventure inthe desertsand greencorners ofthe Gulfarea.Villager YacoubAl-Abri saidit allstarted in2010when hisuncle suggestedthey takeanother lookatthemud housesthathad lainignored foryears inthe ancientsettlement aboutthree hoursdrive fromthe capitalMuscat.The ownershadabandoned thecenturies-old homes,fearing they could topple,and movedtotheopposite sideofthe village wheretheybuilt newacmodation.The brown-walled homes,made ofmud brickswith palm-leave roofs,were turnedinto simplebut elegantinns withwoodfurniture andhandcrafts madeusing skillshanded downfrom theirancestors.We startedwith onlyfive rooms,thenwe increasedthe numberand boughtother oldhouses.Today wehave15rooms andthere areplans tocontinue expandinguntilwe reach50J Al-Abri said.At analtitude ofmorethan1,000meters,the tinyvillage whichis hometohistribe isa charmingcollection of（＜|、巷）traditional houseslocated alongdozens ofsmall alleysoverlooking landsbursting withbanana plantsand citrusandpalm trees.It ispartofa regionknown asthe GrandCanyon ofOman wheretourists canhike therocky mountainsandvalleys,and explorethe oldways oflocal people.The regionisalsofamed forits centuries-old storiesthat arestill widelytoldin similarvillages acrossthecountry.Renoda,a Dutchpsychologist livingin Muscat,was visitingwith threeof herfriends.uIfs perhapsthe10th timethat Ihavevisited thishotel sincelast year.I ehere fora nightor twoevery monthseeking calm,relaxation andfbrt Jshe toldAFP.

1.What doestheunderlinedword topple“in paragraph2meanA.Move.B.FalLC.Disappear.D.Shrink.

2.What arethe roomsofthe village hotelslikeA.Splendid.B.Outdated.C.Ordinary.D.TraditionaL

3.What isparagraph4mainly aboutA.The uniquelifestyle ofthe localpeople.B.The specialsituation ofthe smallvillage.C.The reasonsforthepopularity ofthevillage.D.The introductionofthehistory ofthevillage.

4.What canbe inferredabout RenodaA.She livesa stressfullife inthe city.B.She enjoysadventurous traveling.C.Visiting thevillagers ispartofher work.D.She wantstoliveinthishotel permanently.四Think backto whenyouwereinamaths classroom,andtheteacher seta difficultproblem.Which ofthe twofollowingresponses iscloser tothewayyou reactedA:Oh no,this istoo hardfor me.Fm noteven goingto seriouslytry andwork itout.B:Ah,this isquite tricky,but Iliketopush myself.Even ifI dontget theanswer right,maybe THlearn somethinginthe attempt.Early inher career,the psychologistCarol Dweckof StanfordUniversity gavea groupof ten-year-olds problemsthatwere slightlytoo hardfor them.One groupreacted positivelyand lovedthe challenge.She saysthey hada growthmindset“and focusedon whattheycouldachieve inthefuture.But anothergroupofchildren feltthat their intelligence wasbeingjudged andthey hadfailed.They hada fixedmindset“and wereunabletoimagine improving.Some ofthem lookedforsomeone whohad doneworse thanthemtoboost theirself-esteem.Professor Dweckbelieves thatthere isaproblemineducationatthemoment.For years,children havebeen praisedfor（脆弱的）theirintelligenceor talent,but thismakes themvulnerable tofailure.They bee。