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必修1Unit4Natural Disasters单元语法讲义关系代词引导的限制性定语从句Part1读后续写素材积累六招高分开头技巧Part2单元语法+读后续写即时检测Part3Part1单元语法讲义关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1.that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语指人时，相当于或；指物时，相当于不who whom which能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语
2.which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语如（主语）The bookwhich/that wason thedesk wasbought bymy father.
3.who,whom,whose（）主格，在从句中作主语，只可指人1Who:（）宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人2whom:（）表所属关系，在从句中作定语译为某人的，某物的3whose:（）名词（某物的）=（某人的）4whose+=the+n.+of whichhe+n.+of whom注意
①关系代词作介词宾语（在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后表人用；表物用）whomwhich
②关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可放于从句之首，也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义关系代词和用作介词宾语时，介词必须放在句末）who thatThereare30students inthis class,who arefrom thenorth ofChina.这个班里有名学生，他们来自中国北方30Do youknow theboy whosehandwriting isvery beautiful你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？Fd likea roomwhose windowlooks outover thesea.一Id likea room,the windowof whichlooks outover thesea.一Id likea room,of whichthe windowlooks outover thesea.我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间
1.As作为关系代词，常常用于固定句型中a asthe same…as,as,such....as,so….as学生参加毕业典礼以及作者的感悟.续写线索观察到一位成绩和表现不符的学生——帮助——了解生活背景——鼓励参加毕业典礼——感悟
2.词汇激活3行为类
①参力口attend/participate in
②改变transform/change/turn
③目的是,为了:be meant to/be designedto情绪类
①沮丧地gloomily/pessimistically
②热切地eagerly/earnestly【点睛】【高分句型11I toldhim that he waswrong,because onthat day,I wouldbe thereas wellas hissix otherteachers who had the unbelievableopportunity to see himtransform intoa studentof selfworth,diligence,and potential.（使用了引导的宾语从句，引导的原因状语从句从句以及引导的定语从句）that becausewho[高分句型（使用了引导的宾语从句）2]I have learned that lessons are not always meantto be for students.that正如人人都能看到的那样as eveiybodycan see正如所预料的那样as isexpected众/听周知as everyoneknows/as iswell known正如经常发生的那样as oftenhappens如前所述as hasbeen saidbefore正如上面提到的那样as ismentioned above情况往往是这样as isoften thecase（作主语）They couldonly readsuch storiesas had been rewrittenin simpleEnglish.as他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事（作宾语）These housesare soldat such a lowprice aspeople expected.as这些房子以人们期望的低价出售（作宾语）This isthesameknife asI lost.as这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似与的区别b such...as...such…that…中的引导的是定语从句，而中的引导的是结果状语从句当引导定语从such...as...as such…that…that as句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而引导结果状语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分as that thatThis issuch adifficult problemas mostof uscant work out.这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题（从句中的缺少宾语，前面的是关系代词，用作的宾语）workoutas workoutShe issuchakind girlthat manystudents likeher.她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她（状语从句是完整的句子，前面的只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分）thatPart2读后续写素材积累六招高分开头技巧第一招副词开头.他小心翼翼地踩过了所有的碎玻璃Carefully,he steppedover all the brokenglass,他很高兴地跳过了街道Joyfully,he skippedup thestreet立刻，一片黑暗笼罩着森林Immediately,an absolutedarkness ruledthe forest.第二招形容词短语开头他好奇地想知道里面是什么,踮着脚尖走进了黑暗的Curious toknow whatwas inside,he tiptoedinto thedark cave.洞穴一句话也说不出来，他就楞在了原地Unable tosay aword,he wasrooted to the spot.突然，一只小兔子跳到了我的马前Suddenly alittle rabbitjumped outin frontof my horse.我害怕我会伤害这个可Afraid thatI mighthurt thelovely smallcreature,I automaticallylet outa cryto stopmyhorse.爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊叫来阻止我的马文章给的提示句是我们不知道自己在哪里，天变黑了We hadno ideawhere wewere andit gotdark.我又累又饿，想知道我们能不能找至去的路第Exhausted andhungry,I wonderedif wecould findour wayback.UtD三招非谓语开头.他小心翼翼地环顾四周，溜进了房Looking aroundhim cautiously,he slippedinto theroom andsoftly closedthe door间，轻轻地关上门简感到失望，不得不再呆一夜Feeling disappointed,Jane had to stayalone foranother night..她感到神清气爽，继续沿着小溪散步，Feeling refreshed,she continuedto walkalong thestream tofind the way out寻找出去的路第四招对话或独白开头“Lets seewho getsthere first!,,Rachel shouted,as shepedaled fastand zoomedpast Jenny.让我彳门看看谁先至那里去！瑞秋一边叫着，一边飞快地蹬着车从珍妮身边冲过去上车!”保罗对麦克喊道“Get intothe car.”Paul shoutedat Mac.第五招背景描写（我们开车穿过了几个州，沿途看到了很We drovethrough severalstates andsaw lotsof greatsights alongthe way多好风景）I lookedout of the carwindow,winding rivers,lofty mountains,sunny beachesand deepvalleys,holding meentirely intheirfascination.我望着车窗外，蜿蜒的河流，高耸的山脉，阳光明媚的海滩和深邃的山谷，完全吸引了我的注意力第六招行为描写Furry startedwagging histail andrunning aroundin circleswhen hesaw hismaster takinga leashout fromthe drawer.Furry wasall readyfor hisevening walk.当他看到他的主人从抽屉里拿出一条皮带时，开始摇，绕着圈跑准备好了晚上的散步Furry Furry爸爸和我相互看了一眼为什么不露营来满Dad exchangeda glancewith me.Why notcamp tosatisfy Mom足妈妈？Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、定语从句（浙江月卷）
1.20241Of course,shops arenot charities—they pricegoods in thewaywill make them themost money.【答案】that/whicho【解析】考查定语从句句意当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为所以应用关系代词或故填way,that which that/whichoo（全国乙卷）
2.2023But forall itsancient buildings,Beijing is also a place welesthe fastpaceddevelopment ofmodernlife,with21stcentury architecturalwonders standingside byside with historical buildingsof thepast.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句句意但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，世纪的21建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为，在定语从句中担当主语,所“aplace”以用关系代词或引导故填which thatwhich/that（新高考卷）
3.2021II Idecided thatif Ilearned of a panyused alot ofplastic,Id sendit anemailurging itto cutback.【答案】或which that【解析】考查定语从句句意我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料分析句子结构，是一个定语从句，修饰先行词关系词在从句中作主语，指物，used alot ofplastic apany,用或引导该从句，所以填或which thatwhichthat（W匕京卷）
4.2021When yousleep,your brainsorts througheverything happenedduring theday,trying tolink newexperiences toold memories.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句句意当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词关系词在定语从句中作主everything,语，所以此处需用关系代词引导定语从句故填thatthat（浙江月卷）
5.20211BMI isan internationallyrecognized measurementtool givesan indicationofwhether someoneisahealthy weight.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词或that whicho（新高考卷）
6.2022I TheGPNP isintended toprovide strongerprotection forallthespecies livewithinthe Giant Panda Rangeand significantlyimprove thehealth of the ecosysteminthearea.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句关系词句意该计划旨在为生活在的所有物种提供更有力的保护，GiantPandaRange并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为且先行词前为修饰，只能用关系代词故填species,all thatthat（新高考卷）
7.2020The80,000objects collectedby SirHans Sloane,for example,formed thecore collectionof theBritishMuseum openedin
1759.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的万件藏品构成了年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏81759品此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词引the BritishMuseum,which/that导故填which/thato（全国卷）
8.2019II NowIrene Astburyworks from9am to5pm dailyat the pet shopin Macclesfield,she openedwith herlate husbandLes.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构可知，先行词为在非限制性定语从句中作叩一thepetshop,ened词的宾语，故用whicho（全国甲卷）
9.2023Yet,the formof thefable stillhas valuestoday,Rachel Carsonsays in“A Fablefor Tomorrow”.【答案】aso【解析】考查定语从句句意然而，正如雷切尔・卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词引导故填as as（浙江月卷）
10.20221Kim Cobb,a professorat theGeorgia Instituteof Technologyin Atlanta,is oneof asmall butgrowingminority ofacademics arecutting backon theirair travelbecause ofclimate change.【答案】that/who【解析】考查定语从句句意亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授是一个少数但是不断增加的少数Kim Cobb学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行名词后为定语从句且在从句中作主academics语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who（全国甲卷）
11.2022On the1,
100.Kilometer journey,the manCao Shengkang,lost hiseyesight atthe ageof eightina caraccident,crossed40cities andcounties inthree province.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句句意在公里的旅程中，岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的11008个城市和县分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为指人，在从句中40Cao Shengkang,作主语，应用关系代词引导故填who who（全国乙卷）
12.2023The colorshe chosecame ina boxwhich hada pictureofawoman haircolor lookedjustperfect.【答案】whoseo【解析】考查定语从句句意她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是关系词在从句中作的定语，应用关系代词引导woman,hair whose故填whoseo（全国卷）
13.2020HI Inancient Chinalived anartist,paintings werealmost lifelike.The artistsreputation hadmadehim proud.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句句意中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词故填whose whose（天津卷）
15.2023There wasonce atown inthe heartof America,all lifeseemed toenjoy peacefulexistence withissurroundings,her fablebegins,borrowing somefamiliar wordsfrom manyageold fables.【答案】whereo【解析】考查定语从句句意“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词句中先行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词引导故填where where（天津月卷）
16.20223Kenny still remembers the class discussionthe teacherasked studentsto sharewhatthey wantedto bewhen theygrew up.A.why B.which C.that D,where【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句句意仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样Kenny的人分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词先行词在定语从句中作地点状the classdiscussion语，意为“在课堂讨论中“，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词引导定语从句故选where D（天津卷）
17.2021At theChinese artfestival,there aredifferent standsartists demonstratetheir skillsandteach thevisitors.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句句意在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者分析句子成分可知，作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰从句中不缺主宾表，故选关stands stands,系副词，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用stands where（全国卷）
18.2020I Becausethe moonsbody blocksdirect radiomunication with a probe,China firsthadtoput asatellitein orbitabove themoon ina spotit couldsend signalstothespacecraft andto Earth.【答案】where【解析】句意中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，a spot,应用引导故填where whereo（江苏卷）
19.2020If youlook atall sidesofthesituation,youll findprobably a solution that___________everyone.【答案】suits【解析】考查定语从句动词时态句意如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人解决方案句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是从句谓语动词应使用asolution,第三人称单数形式（天津卷）
20.2021William Hastieonce suggestedthat historyinforms usof past mistakes fromwe canlearn without repeating them.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句句意威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错分析句子可知，为现行词，为定语从句，从句中谓语pastmistakeswe can learnwithoutrepeatingthem.动词可知，要从过去的错误中学习，从中学习“，可知应用引导定语从句canlearnlearn fromfrom which（江苏卷）
21.2020Many lessonsare nowavailable online,from studentscan choosefor free.【答案】hich【解析】考查定语从句句意许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，应使用关系代词引导
二、读many lessons,from which后续写（.山西.模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文2024As aneducator,I havediscovered thatthe lifelessons thatstudents bringwith themto schoolare theones thatI trulyneedto learn.One storythat describesthis awesomeresponsibility startswithasecond yearcollege student.Every day,he wouldeinto mymath class,sit inthe veryback andavoid eyecontact.When I would asktheclassquestions,I couldhear adeepvoice ingfrom hisdirection sayingthe correctanswer everysingle time.I immediatelybegan toinvestigate andfound thathehad highstandardized testscores buthis reportcard inschool didnot matchhis performances.I knewsomething hadtochange.（辅导制）Through ourschool mentoringprogram,I askedhim if he wouldlike tobe apart ofa supportteam thatwasspecifically designedto help him graduateon timewithhisclassmates.This programrequired meto visitall ofhisclassroom teachers,helphimplete everyassignment,provide himwith materialsto finishprojects,and constantlyremind（光荣榜）.him thatsuccess couldbe achievedifhestayed onthis path.In hissenior,he was able tomaketheHonor Roll（姊This studenthadbeenliving withhis greatgrandfatherinstead ofliving withhis motherand sixsiblings妹）.The conceptof familyhad notbeen demonstratedin hislife.However,at school,this programprovided himwith ateamthat focusedon hisacademic needsas wellas celebratedhis successes.The ideaof family,where he was caredforand wasseen asimportant,wasableto beea reality.Unfortunately,during hissenior year,his greatgrandfatherpassed away,which terriblyinfluenced hisnewlypositive viewof life.But becauseofthebond thatwas establishedover thepast twoyears throughthe program,I wasableto keephim focusedon whathe couldcontrol toachieve hisgoal.He showeddetermination andperseverance,and he注意became asenior withhis originalclass andhadtheopportunity tograduate withhis friends.续写词数应为个左右；
1.150请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
2.Sadly,when graduationday approached,he refusedto attendthe ceremony.I canstill rememberhis smileface ashe walkedacross thatstage toreceive hisdiploma.【答案】Sadly,when graduationday approached,he refusedto attendthe ceremony.He toldme gloomilythathewouldnot attendthe graduationceremony becauseno familymember wouldbe theretosee him walkacross thestage toreceivehis diploma.I toldhim thathewaswrong,because onthat day,Iwouldbe thereas wellas hissix otherteacherswhohadthe unbelievableopportunity toseehimtransform intoa studentof selfworth,diligence,and potential.I canstillrememberhis smileface ashe walkedacross thatstage toreceive hisdiploma.I stillthink tomyself,whatif thatmoment hadnever happenedWhat ifhis answerswere notheard Whatif the lessons hewas tryingto teachmewere notlearned Ihavelearnedthatlessonsarenotalwaysmeanttobeforstudents.As ateacher,I lookforward eagerlyeveryyear tothelessonsmy studentsbring tothe classroom,because Iknow theselives areready tobe changed.【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为一名教育工作者发现他的班级里有一名成绩和课堂表现不相符的学生通过学校的辅导计划，作者逐渐了解到这位学生的家庭背景和成长环境在作者的关注和辅导下，他表现出决心和毅力，并和原来的班级一起成为高年级学生，也有机会和他的朋友一起毕业但是，当毕业日临近时，他拒绝参加毕业典礼在作者的鼓励下，他微笑着走上台去拿毕业证书作者感悟到学生带到学校的生活课程是作者真正需要学习的【详解】.段落续写1
①由第一段首句内容“可悲的是，当毕业日临近时，他拒绝参加毕业典礼”可知，第一段可描写作者了解到这位学生拒绝参加毕业典礼的原因，并鼓励他成为有价值有潜力的人
②由第二段首句内容“我仍然记得他走上台去拿毕业证书时笑容「可知，第二段可描写作者成功的劝说这位。
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