Unit5LearningAboutLanguage（导学案原卷版高二英语学与练（人教版2019选择性）

Unit5First Aid导学案Period2Learning AboutLanguage学习目标2024年课程标准学习目标【语言能力】本单元主题为First Aid,该主题属于“人动词ing形式作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分；复习与自然”范畴下“灾害防范”主题群，涉和归纳动词ing形式的各种用法和功能及的子主题内容为“安全常识与自我保【思维品质】护”；同时也属于“人与自我”范畴下在语境中正确使用动词ing形式的各种结构“做人与做事”主题群，涉及子主题内容【文化意识】为“生命的意义与价值”学习急救知识，掌握救援方法和流程预习导学【观察例句】1Caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver,they wereall wet.=Because theywere caughtinaheavyraininVancouver,・・•2Taking aboat rideout intothe bay,they couldsee marvelousscenery.^Because theytook aboat rideout intothe bay,•••3When passing through the Canadian Rockies,they sawbeautiful mountainsand forests.=When theywere passingthrough theCanadian Rockies,・・・4When/If givenanother chance,they willpay avisit toToronto oncemore.=When/If theyare givenanother chance,・・•5They areplanning tofly toVancouver,followed bya traintrip.二They areplanning tofly toVancouver andthen thetrip isfollowed bya traintrip.6The twogirls aroseearly totake thetrain toLake Louise,passingthrough theCanadianRockies.=The twogirls aroseearly totake thetrain toLake Louiseand atthe sametime,they passedthroughtheCanadianRockies.探究提升复习动词形式・ingAL动词・ing形式的基本情况

1.动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种动词ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语

2.动词ing形式的时态和语态语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doing beingdone完成式having donehaving beendoneReading aloudis agood wayto learna language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法Having studiedhis lessonsvery hard,he passed the exam.努力学习了功课，他通过了考试The buildingbeing builtnow willbe finishednext month.正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工A

2.动词・ing形式作主语

1.动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首Saying is one thing,and doingis another.说是一回事，而做是另一回事Having awalk every day helpsto makeone ke叩healthy.每天散步有助于一个人保持健康［名师点津］动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数Climbing mountainsis reallydifficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难

2.形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语此类句式常见的有Itk a waste of time doingsth.做某事是浪费时间Its useless/worthwhile doingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It*s no good/use/fun doingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思It is awasteoftimepersuading such a personto joinus.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间It isnogood/use regrettingfor thepast.悔恨过去是没用的

3.v.ing形式和to do作主语时的区别v.ing形式和to do都可以作主语v.ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作Playing withfire isdangerous.玩火危险（泛指）Singing is my hobby,and tosing atmy friendsbirthday partyismydream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想

43.动词4邛形式作宾语

1.作动词的宾语接v.ing形式作宾语的常用动词短语有avoid,miss,delay/put off避免错过少延期advise,finish,practise建议完成多练习enjoy,imagine,canthelp喜欢想象禁不住admit,deny,envy承认否定与嫉妒escape,risk,excuse逃避冒险莫原谅stand,keep,mind忍受保持不介意He admittedreferring tohis notesin theexam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记She cantstand beinglooked downupon inpublic.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉Would youmind openingthe window你介意打开窗子吗？He triedto avoidanswering myquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答

4.动词-ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况1动词・ing的复合结构+动词・ingHis/Toms beinglate madethe teachervery angry.他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气Would youmind my/me closingthe window你介意我关上窗户吗？Would youmind Marys/Mary closingthe window你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？［名师点津］动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为形容词性物主代词/代词宾格/名词/名词的所有格+notdoing…Jerrys notarriving ontime madethe peoplepresent angry.杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气⑵某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing作宾语

①动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词-ing作宾语，意义基本相同They continueddiscussing/to discussthe planafter havinga rest.休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划

②动词love,like,hate等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词-ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作I lovewalking withmy friendon asunny day.习惯我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步It isa pleasantday today,so Ilove to have awalk withmy friend.具体今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步

③一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别He forgotturning thelight off.他忘记他已经关了灯The lightin theoffice isstill on.He forgotto turnit off.办公室的灯还亮着他忘记关了⑶用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式其结构如下主语+it++doing...I foundit useless/no usearguing aboutit.我发现争论这件事没有用Do youconsider itany goodtrying again你觉得再试会有用吗？

（4）在动词need,require,want,deserve后，用动词・ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deservedoing=need/require/want/deserve tobe doneThese clothes needwashing.=Theseclothesneed tobe washed.这些衣服需要洗The houserequires repairing.=The houserequires tobe repaired.这座房子需要修理

（5）在（be）worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义The filmis worthseeing asecond time.这部电影值得再看一次A

5.动词・ing形式作表语作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词

1.动名词（短语）作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置One of his weaknessesis tellinglies.=Telling liesisoneof hisweaknesses.他的缺点之一就是说谎His hobbyis readingbooks inhis spare time.=Reading booksinhissparetimeis hishobby.他的爱好是在业余时间读书

2.现在分词（短语）作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词Her performanceis veryentertaining,which bringsus muchpleasure.她的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多乐趣The tripis veryexciting,and wehave decidedtohavea similarone,这次旅行很是激动人心，我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行［名师点津］作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的常见的有moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物►

6.动词-ing作定语

1.动名词（短语）作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前There isa swimming pool inour school.我们学校有一个游泳池Students arenot permittedto speakaloud in the readingroom.在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗

2.现在分词（短语）作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句The boysgathering atthe schoolgate aremy classmates.=The boyswho aregathering atthe schoolgate aremyclassmates.聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学The girlperforming on the stagehas agift fordance.=The girlwho isperforming on the stagehas agift fordance.那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋

47.动词-也且形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语

1.动词-ing位于感官动词后feel,smell,listento,hear,watch,see,notice,observe等I feltsomeone pattingme onthe shoulder.我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀When hepassedtheswimmingpool,he sawsomeone swimminginit.当他经过游泳池时，他看见有人在游泳［名师点津］动词-ing与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义在see,hear,watch等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略t的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程I heardMary singingin thenext room.（动作正在进行）我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌I heardMary singa songin thenext roomlastnight.（动作全过程）昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌

2.动词-ing位于使役动词后have,keep,get,leave,set,make,send等She couldnthave himgetting awaywith tellinglies.她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚Please dontkeep thelittle boystaying alone.不要让这个男孩独自待着

3.用于with复合结构中I couldntdo myhomework withthe noisegoing on.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业With somany peoplelooking ather,she feelsnervous.这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张

48.动词7盛形式作状语

1.作时间状语Hearing thenews,he couldnthelp laughing.=When heheard thenews,he couldnthelp laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来

2.作原因状语Not knowingher address,I hadbetter telephoneher toe over.=As Idont knowher address,I hadbetter telephoneher toe over.由于不知道她的地址，我还是打让她过来为好

3.作条件状语Working hard,youll surelysucceed.=If youwork hard,youll surelysucceed.如果努力工作，你就一定会成功4,作结果状语The childslipped andfell,hitting his head against the door.=The childslipped andfell,and hithisheadagainstthedoor.那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上［名师点津］现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加nlyI hurriedto school,only tofind itwas Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天

5.作让步状语Having beentold manytimes,he stilldidnt learnthese rulesby heart.=Although he had beentold manytimes,he stilldidnt learnthese rulesby heart.尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住

6.作伴随状语Morris layonthegrass,staring atthe skyfor along time.=Morris layonthegrass andstared atthe skyforalong time.莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空The boysat infront ofthe farmhouse,cutting the branches.=The boysat infront ofthe farmhouse,and cutthebranches.那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝

7.作方式状语He camerunning backto tellme thenews.他跑回来告诉我这个消息［名师点津］动词-ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓04体系构建语【总结感悟】构建知识体系动名词的独立主格结构卜动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义不同

一、补全下面句子动词的定义

1.The violentoftheship upset动词・ing形式的句法作用分词的否定式•ing二^^丽・ing诲看美而赢卜his stomach,n.the actor processof moving

2.It wasJohns quickaction andmethods thatsaved MsSlade*s life.adj.able toprovide effectivesolutionsto problems

3.The doctorsmade onelast attemptto savethe boyslife.adj.feeling thatyou haveno hopeand arereadyto doanything tochange thebad situationyou arein

4.You shouldcarry yourcard withyou atall times,n.when someoneisamember ofa club,group,ororganization

5.The governmentplans toestablish anew hospitalin theto meetthe needsof people.n.the outerarea ofa town

6.These organizationshave foughtvery hardfortherights andof patients,n.physical andmentalhealth andhappiness,especially ofa person

二、完成下列句子

1.每一天他都按时交作业have的复合结构

2.我建议你和父母推心置腹地谈一谈heart toheart

3.在恶劣的环境下长时间的努力工作使他的健康状况不佳out ofshape

4.像很多其他女孩一样，她渴望在英语上取得很大的进步desperate

5.当谈到如何摆脱压力，你乐观的态度很重要count

三、语法填空Unluckily formy sonJoey,he wasborn withtwo diseasedfeet.The doctorsaid thathe wouldbe ableto walkwith

1.treat butwould neverrun verywell.The firstthree yearsofhislife

2.spend inhospital.By thetime Joeywas eight,hecould walkas

3.normal asothers.Children inour neighborhoodalways ranaround duringtheir play,

4.Joey wouldrunand play,too.In the seventh grade,he decidedto jointhe schoolrunning team.

5.know thatonly thetop sevenrunnerswould bechosen,he trained

6.hard thananyone else.He ranfour

7.five mileseveryday,even whenhehada fever.Oneday,I wentto seehim andfound him

8.run aloneintheplayground.I askedhim

9.he felt.“Pm OK,“he said.He stillhadtwo moremiles torun.So hekept running.Two weekslater,theseventeam memberswere pickedout,among

10.Joey wasnumbersix.Joeys effortspaid off.I wasvery proudof him.。