Unit5WorkingtheLand人与社会农业耕作（原卷版）（人教版2019选择性必修一）

选择性必修第一册（人教版）Unit5Working theLand2019人与社会农业耕作单元引言解读My lifelongpursuit isto keep all thepeople awayfrom hunger.Yuan Longping一释义Yuan Longpingsbiggest wishfor riceresearch isto stoppeople starvingaround the world.启示本单元引言“我毕生的梦想是让所有人远离饥饿”出自我国著名农业科学家袁隆平引言不仅与单元主题相呼应，还反映了粮食生产与世界人民的饥饿问题密切相关名言名句积累人与社会农业耕作

1.Food is as fundamentalto manas thepeople areto thestate.—Chen Shou国以民为本，民以食为天——陈寿

2.Food bringspeople togetheron manydifferent levels.Its nourishmentof thesoul andbody;its trulylove.Giada DeLaurentiis一食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱——吉娅达•德•劳伦蒂斯

3.The moreyou eat,the lessflavor;the lessyou eat,the moreflavor.多吃少滋味，少吃多滋味

4.People cantlive withoutagriculture as they cantlive withoutwater.人们离不开农业，就像离不开水

5.We allknow withoutfood equals no lives.Therefore,agriculture isgreatly helpfulfor thelives.我们都知道没有食物就没有生命因此，农业对生活有很大的帮助

6.Not onlyis foodproduction importantbut takingcare of the environmentis alsoimportant.不仅粮食生产重要，环保也很重要

7.However,what concernedhim mostwas thatfarmers oftenhad poorharvests and sometimes evenhad aseriousshortage of food to eat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺

8.Today,it isestimated that about60percent ofdomestic riceconsumption in China isprised ofcropsgenerated fromYuan*s hybridstrains,and hisstrains haveallowed Chinas farmers toproduce around200milliontons ofrice peryear.

9.算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种（形成trapped at thebottom of the ocean.Packed withnutrients thisthick band of coldwater,known asthe midAtlantic cold pool,is avital homeforshellfish species.Extending atits seasonalpeak from Nantucket,Massachusetts,to CapeHatteras,North Carolina,thecold pollcreates adiverse ecosystemranging fromalgae（海藻）to fish一andsomeof the most valuableshellfish fisheriesin the UnitedStates.Now,however,two pressureshave scientistsworrying aboutwhether the cold poolwill last.The firstis nosurprise:climate change.Over the past fivedecades,climates changehas destabilizedthe coldpool,causing itto warmand shrink,pared with1968,the coldpool isnow13℃warmer andhas lostmore thanonethird of its area.The secondconcern isless certain.In2023,the USfederal governmentapproved planstoinstall（安装）98windturbines（涡轮机）off theNew Jerseycoast,covering anarea ofmore than300square kilometers.Yet puttingso manyturbines to theseafloor couldhave unexpectedconsequences for the coldpool.Thats whyTravis Miles,a researcheratNew JerseysRutgers University,and his colleagues areinvestigating.So far,Miles and hiscolleaguescant definitivelysaywhat willhappen to the coldpool,saying moreresearch is needed to assess howclimate changeand offshore wind,together,could affectthe coldpool.However,their initialanalyses suggestthe coldpool shouldbe fine—at leastin normalconditions.New Jerseysoffshorewindplans arestrongly opposedmainly byfossil fuelindustryfunded efforts.Miles worriesthatan overabundanceof cautionor fearof potentialimpacts,including on thecoldpool,might slowdown thedevelopmentof renewableenergy,...its quiteclear that climate change is farmore damagingthan installingwind fhrmsJ he says.Idont thinkany scientistwould arguewith that.”

5.What dowe knowabout themidAtlanticcoldpoolA.It formsin earlyspring.B.Its abandofcold nearbottomwater.C.It servesas ahabitat ofmost seaspecies.D.It extendsfromNantucketto NewJersey.

6.What does the underlinedword shrink“in paragraph2meanA.Break down.B.Get polluted.C.Dry up.D.Bee smaller.

7.Miles attitudetoward installingwind farmscan bedescribed as.A.supportive B.dismissive C.overcautious D.skeptical

8.What is the best title for the textA.The ColdPool Playsa Roleon speciesB.Opinions Divideon OffshoreWind FarmsC.Scientists EyePotential Risksto theCold PoolD.Renewable EnergyHelps toRace AgainstClimate Change

（三）（2023•广东广州•广州市协和中学校考一模）What mightbe theglobal impactof extremelosses of the Amazonrainforest-the worldslargest rainforestA newstudy hasfound thatrapid deforestationof the Amazon rainforestcouldinfluence thetemperature andrainfall overasfaraway asthe Tibetan plateau andAntarctica.Saini Yangat BeijingNormal UniversityinChinaand hercolleagues analysedglobal climatological data from1979to2019to identifycorrelations intemperature andrainfall betweenthe Amazon rainforest andother areas.Such linksarecalled“teleconnections（遥相关）They focusedon the Amazonrainforestin particularbecause of its significanceas amajor carbonsink andas aclimatic“tipping point（临界点）“that couldsee foreststurn totropical grasslandsbeyond acertain limitof warmingandhumandriven deforestation.The researchersfound thatsince1979,warm temperaturesin the Amazon wasassociated withwarm temperaturesoverthe Tibetanplateau andthe West Antarctic ice sheet;more rainfallin theAmazon wasrelevant toless rainfallin thoseregions.By analysingchanging temperaturesin theregions betweentheAmazonand thosedistant areas,they were also abletotrace thepath throughwhich energyor materialssuch asblack carbonreleased inforest firemight propagatethrough theatmosphere.Their analysisshowed theroute remainedconsistent underdifferent futurewarming circumstances.The collapseof theWestAntarcticicesheetis aknown tipping point.Melting snowontheTibetanplateauis not,butthe regionis warmingmore rapidlythan muchof therest of the globe,and changesto snowand icethere couldhaveconsequences fbrecosystems andthe billionsof peoplethat relyon itssnowmelt forwater.“If theAmazon doeshave aninfluence onthese regions,it couldmean there is a higher risktheAmazontippingpoint mightset othersoff,says Jothanat thePotsdam Institutefor ClimateImpact Researchin Germany.“It addsanadditional potentialdomino that can fhlL”

9.How didthe studyidentify teleconnectionsA.By recordingtemperature andrainfall.B・By findingthe similaritiesbetween regions.C.By examiningprevious dataon globalclimate.D.By analysingclimatologicaldataof theAmazon.

10.The underlinedword“propagate“in paragraph5probably meansA.spread B.absorb C.launch D.switch

11.What Jothansuggests about the AmazonA.It isnow atahigherrisk ofdisappearing.B.It indeedhas aneffect onthe tworegions.C.Deforestation iscaused byhuman activities.D.The tippingpoint mightcause achain reaction.124Which canbe thebest titleof the passageA.Changes within theAmazon.B,The Amazonatatippingpoint.C.The Tibetanplateau andAntarctica.D.Global impactsof theAmazon deforestation.

（四）（2324高二上,浙江•单元测试）“Eat local.Its oneway to reduce humaneffect onthe planet.Eating localmeansto tryto buyand consumefoods thatare grownin placesclose tohome.However,most of the foodsold atsupermarkets isnotlocally grownor produced.Trucks andplanes deliverthese foodsfrom hundredsor thousandsof miles away.During thetransportation,greenhouse（温室）gases areproduced,causing globalwarming.So theshorter thedistance yourfoods musttravel,the less harm isdone to the environment.But howdo youget localfood ifyou livein alarge city,hundreds of milesawayfrom farmsEnvironmental healthscientistDickson Despommierandhisstudents cameup withthe ideaof a vertical（垂直的）fhrm”.A vertical farm is a glasswalledstructure thatcould bebuilt astall asa skyscraper（摩天大楼）.Since thegarden isbuiltupwards,rather thanoutwards,it requiresmuch lessspace thanan ordinaryfarm.The worldis quicklyrunning out ofroom forordinary farming.Vertical farmscould be a keyto thissituation.Despommier imaginesa30storey buildingwith agreenhouse oneveryfloor.The wallsof thebuilding wouldbe clearto allowcrops to get asmuch sunlightas possible.Depending ona cityswaterresources,Despommier thinkshydroponic（水培的）farming is another methodforthe vertical farmwhich needsnosoil to grow plants.Despommier saysthe hydroponicgreenhouses would use asystem thatwouldusea city*s wastewater andfill itwithnutrition to make thecrops grow.If thismethod works,it wouldprovide foodtoacity andsave millionsof tonsof water.The ideaof a verticalfarmhas attractedthe attentionof governmentofficials aroundthe world.Scott Stringer,agovernment officialfrom NewYork City,thinks the city issuitable forthe vertical farming.Obviously wedont havemuchland leftfor usJ Stringersaid.But the sky isthe limit in Manhattan.”Despommier admitsthat there is stilla lot of workto dotomakevertical farmsa reality.But Ithink verticalfarmingis anidea thatcan workin a big way」hesays.

13.Why arepeople advisedtoeatlocalA.Because itmeans convenienceto people.B.Because itcan helppeople savea lot of money.C.Because localfood hasmore nutrition.D.Because it is environmentallyfriendly.

14.Which isone of the verticalfarms benefitswhen paredwith ordinaryfarmingA.It produceshealthier food.B.It doeslessharmtothecities.C.It needsmore spaceof thecity.D.It requiresless transportcosts.

15.By sayingtheskyisthelimitin Manhattan”,Stringer means.A.people canmake fulluse ofvertical spaceof ManhattanB.thereis a limitfor usingempty landin ManhattanC.the heightof buildingsinManhattanis limitedD.Manhattan canspread asfar aspossible

16.What canwe learnabouttheverticalfarmingin thepassageA.No soilisneeded to grow plants onaverticalfarm.B.It hassolved theproblem of the foodshortage ina bigway.C.The wallsofthebuilding wouldbe clearto letpeople seethe plantsclearly.D.Crops aremainly grownin therainwater onaverticalfarm.

（五）（2425高二上,全国•课后作业）In astreet largelyunchanged sinceit was built in the1800s,Hobart*s Battery Pointis probablythe lastplace youwould expectto finda farm.In onecorner ofPeter Handysbackyard isa controlledenvironment unitthat housestheverticalfarm（垂直农场），the firstofitskind inthe southernhemisphere（半球）.Mr.Handy ischanging thedefinition ofwhat itmeans tobeafarmer.I knowits reallyfunny,because whenpeople sayto me,Wheres yourfarm\1*11say,Its inBattery Point/and theyrelike,No,there*snofarm inBatteryPoint.J he said.People thinkthe Martians（火星人）have landedbecause wevegotthis massivepink lightthat esoutofit fromthe bottom,but otherthan that,they haveno idea/9Not justa backyardproject,Mr.Handy isrunning abusiness.Its herebecause Ineed tobe asclose aspossible tomycustomers,the chefsand restaurantsof HobartJ hesaid.I aimto usethe fewestfood milesand makethis asuperefficientbusiness.Using LEDlights andhydroponic nutrients,the farmgrows leafygreens,root vegetablesand floweringplants.Idon!t haveto worryabout floods,winds,wild animals,electric fences,turning thesoil over,Mr.Handy said.Using95percent lesswater thantraditional farming,the farmticks allthe boxesenvironmentally.I mean,this isdefinitely nottheanswer to food sustainability（可•持续，性）inthe world.But itsdefinitely partofit.”Science writerJulian Cribbbelieves aworld food crisis ising,due toa binationof loss of water,loss oftopsoil,climate changeand overuseof chemicals.We^e going to needto change the waywe producefood andchangethehumandiet at the sametime,“hesaid,“and newurban farmingmethods wouldmake mostofthe worlds greatcities feedthemselves.Mr.Cribb saidAustralia wasstill quitea way off fromadopting urbanfarming.But hebelieves thatit posesa ratheruniqueopportunity forAustralian farmersto selltheir professionalknowledge tocities,teaching peopleto growfood inurbanenvironments.

17.What mightpeople thinkof Mr.Handys farmA.Scary.B.Impressive.C.Disappointing.D.Confusing.

18.What doesMr.Handy sayabout hisfarmA.It is not affectedby weather.B.It mainlyproduces flowers.C.It servescustomers fromnear andfar.D.It isthe solutiontofoodshortages.

19.Whats thepurpose ofMr.Cribbs wordsin Paragraph5A.To praisehis contributionto science.B,To explainhow urbanfarming works.C.To stressthe necessityof urbanfarming.D.To presentthe seriousnessofthefoodcrisis.

20.Whats thepassage mainlyaboutA.Cities arestruggling toget food.B.Technology ischanging peopleslife.C.Peter Handyisasuccessful businessman.D.Food productionis beingmoved intocities.

（六）（2324高二上•全国•单元测试）Vegan AgricultureVegan farming（全素农业）has beemore andmore popular.It isone ofthemostenvironmentallyfriendly formsofagriculture.Veganfarmingisagood waytogrow plants such as vegetableswithout usinganimalderived materialssuch astheirwaste.21Such anapproach tofarming alsohelps preservethe environmentand regainsoil richnessand improveitsbiodiversity.22Organic farminguses naturalproducts togrowplants—thatcaninclude evenanimal wasteas fertilizers.Onthe otherhand,vegan agriculturerejects animalderivedproducts andusually stickswith plantbasedorganic pounds,whichmeans that,in general,vegan agriculturehas stricterrules thanorganic farming.Additionally,vegan farmingusually choosesmore naturalways toprotect theplants,like breakingcycles ofplantsdiseases withmixed cropping（混作），using mechanicalbarriers（机械屏障）such asnets,or evenattracting opposingorganismsto fightthe harmfulones.23However,they mightbe lesseffective againstcertain plantdiseases orpests.One ofthe reasonsto developvegan agricultureis that the veganwayoffarming replacessynthetic（合成的）pesticides anduses organicpesticides or other nonchemicalmethods toprotect thecrops.By contrast,in conventionalagriculture,synthetic pesticidesare ona veryhigh level.24In thefuture,itisof greatsignificance notto relyon animals5waste to feed plants.Doing sois notonly beneficialtovegans.25Even iftodays methodsof vegan agriculture mightnot beperfect,scientists worldwide,together withveganfarmers,are workingtowards developingplantbased solutionsas alternativesto animalderivedfertilizers.A.Accordingly,the amount of themin foodproducts ismuch higher.B.Also,vegan farmersare farfrom applyingsynthetic fertilizers.C.It isapparent thatveganagricultureis notthe sameas organicfarming.D.In todaysworld,the vegandiet andlifestyle areincreasingly popular.时文拓展阅读的作物）让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米Two WinWorld FoodPrize forSecuring AgriculturalSeedsAbout20years ago,Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wantedto preventhunger andprotect theworlds food supply.The twomen imagineda socalleddoomsday vaultfor plantseeds.A vaultisasecure storage structure.Fowler andHawtin*s goalwas tokeepasupply ofseeds safeif existingseed bankswere threatenedby war,climatechange,orothercrises.They decidedto buildtheir storagebuilding into the sideof amountain northoftheArctic Circle.nTo alot ofpeople today,it soundslike aperfectly reasonablething todo,Fowler saidfrom Saudi Arabia inaninterview withthe Associated Press.Seeds,he added,are avaluable naturalresource thatneeds protection.But Fowlersaid:Fifteen yearsago,shipping alotofseeds tothe closestplace tothe NorthPole thatyou canfly intoandputting theminside amountain...did notsound reasonable.In hiswords,it was...the craziestidea anybodyeverhad.The World Food PrizeTheiridea becamethe SvalbardGlobal SeedVault onthe Norwegianisland ofSvalbard.The vaultopened in2008and nowholds

1.25million seedsamples fromnearly everycountry intheworld.The structurewasbuiltintotheside ofamountain.It protectsthe seedsof over6,000kinds ofagriculturally importantplants.The CropTrust websitesays:nItspurpose isto backupgenebank collectionsto securethe foundationof ourfuture foodsupply.nLast week,Fowler andHawtin werenamed the2024World FoodPrize winnersfor theirwork.Fowler isnow theU.S.special diplomatfor globalfood security.Hawtin isan agriculturalscientist fromBritain.They werenamed thewinners ofthe yearlyprize atthe U.S.Department ofState inWashington.Secretary ofStateAntony Blinkenpraised themen atthe announcementfor theircritical rolein preservingcrop diversity/1Fear ofclimate changeFormany years,countries havecreated seedbanks tostore seedsfor futureuse.But Fowlersaid hewas concernedthatclimate changewould causedisorder inagriculture.This wouldmake theseed supplyeven moreimportant.Hawtin isan executiveboard memberattheGlobal CropDiversity Trust,an internationalnonprofit group.He saidtherewerealotofthreats tocrops inthepast,suchasinsects,disease,land degradation,and politicalunrest.He saidthatclimate changehas madethese problemsworse.So,he andFowler sawa need for additionalsecure seedstorage.Hawtin explainedthatclimate changeischanging pestsand diseases.He added,nClimate changeis puttinga wholelotof extraproblems onwhat hasalways beensignificant ones.Fowler andHawtin saidthey hopewinning theWorld FoodPrize willhelp themraise moremoney forseed banksaroundtheworld.Operating themisnottoo costly.However,the financialsupport needsto continueforever.This isreally achance toget thatmessage outand say,look,this relativelysmall amountof moneyis ourinsurancepolicy ourinsurance policythat weregoingtobe abletofeedtheworldin50years/Hawtin said.Norman Borlaugestablished theWorldFoodPrize.He receivedthe NobelPeace Prizein1970for hispart inwhat iscalledthe GreenRevolution/That wasabigeffort tomake cropsmore productiveso theworlds growingpopulationwould notgo hungry.This fall,FowlerandHawtin willaccept theprize inDes Moines,Towa,thecitywhere thefood prizefoundation isbased.They willalso splitthe$500,000award.This yearsprize will be presentedattheyearly NormanE.BorlaugInternational Dialogue.The conferencewillbeheld inDes Moinesfrom October29tothe

31.【译文欣赏】两人因保护农业种子而获得世界粮食奖大约20年前，Cary Fowler和GeoffreyHawtin希望防止饥饿，保护世界粮食供应这两个人想象了一个所谓的植物种子“末日金库”（保险库是一种安全的存储结构）Fowler和Hawtin的目标是在现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机威胁的情况下，保证种子供应的安全他们决定把储藏室建在北极圈以北的一座山上福勒在沙特阿拉伯接受美联社采访时说“对今天的很多人来说，这听起来是一件非常合理的事情他补充说，种子是一种需要保护的宝贵自然资源但福勒说“十五年前，把很多种子运到离北极最近的地方，你可以飞进去（并）把它们放在山上”听起来并不合理用他的话说，这是“……有史以来最疯狂的想法”世界粮食奖他们的想法变成了挪威斯瓦尔巴岛上的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库该种子库于2008年开放，目前拥有来自世界上几乎每个国家的125万个种子样本这座建筑建在山腰上它保护着6000多种农业重要植物的种子作物信托基金会网站上说“其目的是备份基因库藏品，以确保我们未来粮食供应的基础”上周，Fowler和Hawtin因他们的工作被评为2024年世界粮食奖获得者Fowler现在是美国全球粮食安全特别外交官霍廷是一位来自英国的农业科学家他们被华盛顿美国国务院授予年度奖项国务卿安东尼・布林肯在公告中赞扬了这些人“在保护作物多样性方面发挥的关键作用”对气候变化的恐惧多年来，各国建立了种子库来储存种子以备将来使用但福勒表示，他担心气候变化会导致农业混乱这将使种子供应变得更加重要Hawtin是国际非营利组织全球作物多样性信托基金会的执行委员会成员他说，过去农作物面临着许多威胁，如昆虫、疾病、土地退化和政治动荡他说，气候变化使这些问题更加严重因此，他和Fowler认为需要额外的安全种子储存Hawtin解释说，气候变化正在改变病虫害他补充道“气候变化给那些一直很重要的问题带来了很多额外的问题”Fowler和Hawtin表示，他们希望获得世界粮食奖将有助于他们为世界各地的种子库筹集更多资金操作它们的成本不太高然而，财政支持需要永远持续下去Hawtin说“这真的是一个机会，可以传达这一信息，说，看，这笔相对较少的钱是我们的保险单——我们的保险政策，我们将能够在50年内养活世界诺曼・博洛格设立了世界粮食奖1970年，他因参与所谓的“绿色革命”而获得诺贝尔和平奖这是一项使作物更具生产力的巨大努力，这样世界上不断增长的人口就不会挨饿今年秋天，Fowler和Hawtin将在食品奖基金会所在的爱荷华州得梅因市接受该奖项他们还将平分50万美元的奖金今年的奖项将在一年一度的诺曼E博洛格国际对话上颁发会议将于10月29日至31日在得梅因举行【词汇积累】doomsday-n.the endoftheworld orjudgement day最后的审判日；世界末日sample-n.a smallamountofsomething takenfor scientificstudy样本critical-adj.very important关键的diversity-n.having manydifferent kindsof things多样性degradation-n.the conditionof breakingdown anddecreasing inquality退化signiflcant-adj.notable orworth discussing值得注意的或值得讨论的insurance policy-n.a contractwith aninsurance panythat promisesto paythe holderor peoplenamed bythe holderacertain amountif thereisalossofthe coveredproperty bythe contract保险单【知识拓展】世界粮食奖，国际上在农业领域方面的最高荣誉，是由诺贝尔和平奖获得者美国人诺曼・博洛格博士1986年设立，每年由总部在美国艾奥瓦州得梅因市的世界粮食奖基金会颁发一次，目的是奖励那些”为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食作出突出贡献的个人”，得奖者可获得250,000美元中国科学家何康、袁隆平、崔振岭先后获此殊荣【词汇延伸】foodsupply食品供应食物供应食品供给菜篮子storagestructure存储结构储存结构数据存储结构climatechange气候变化Arctic Circle北极圈SaudiArabia沙特阿拉伯综合实战演练AssociatedPress美联社联合通讯社-2024•全国•高考真题We allknow freshis bestwhen itestofood.However,most produceatthestore wentthroughweeks oftravel andcovered hundredsofmilesbefore reachingthe table.While farmer^markets area solidchoice（）toreducethe journey,Babylon MicroFarmBMF shortensit evenmore.BMF isan indoorgarden system.It canbe setup fora family.Additionally,it couldserve alarger audiencesuch asahospital,restaurant orschool.The innovativedesign requireslittle effortto achievea reliableweekly supplyof freshgreens.Specifically,its afarm thatrelies onnew technology.By connectingthrough theCloud,BMF isremotelymonitored.Also,thereisa convenient app thatprovides growingdata inreal time.Because the system isautomated,itsignificantly reducesthe amountof waterneededtogrowplants.Rather thanwatering rowsof soil,thesystemprovides justtheright amountto eachplant.After harvest,users simplyreplace theplants witha newpreseeded pod（容器）togetthenext growthcycle started.Moreover,having asystem inthe samebuilding whereits eatenmeans zeroemissions（排放）fromtransporting plantsfrom soil to salad.In addition,theres noneedforpesticides andother chemicalsthat pollutetraditionalfarms andthe surroundingenvironment.BMF employeeslive outsustainability intheir everydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbike towork.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling andwaste reductionby limitinggarbage cansand avoidingsingleuse plastic.We arepassionateabout reducingwaste,carbon andchemicals inour environment,“said aBMF employee.

1.What canbe learnedabout BMFfrom paragraph1A.It guaranteesthe varietyoffood.B.It requiresdaytoday care.C.It cutsthe farmtotabledistance.D.It relieson farmersmarkets.

2.What informationdoestheconvenientappofferA.Realtime weatherchanges.B.Current conditionoftheplants.C.Chemical pollutantsinthesoil.D.Availability ofpreseeded pods.

3.What canbe concludedabout BMFemployeesA.They havea greatpassion forsports.B.They aredevoted tomunity service.C.They arefond ofsharing dailyexperiences.D.They havea strongenvironmental awareness.

4.What doesthe textmainly talkaboutA.BMFs majorstrengths.B.BMFs generalmanagement.C.BMFs globalinfluence.D.BMFs technicalstandards.命题要点简析阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和总结能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主题，选择标题等形式主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度的概括和总结主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归纳题每篇文章都有一个主旨大意主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出（需要总结）做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,in short,to sumup等表达转折或总结的词语题型特征总览主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大

（一）命题方式把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式

1.What wouldbe thebesttitleforthetext/What isthe topicofthetext

2.The mainidea/The generalidea/The maintheme ofthis passageis

3.The lastparagraph endsthepassagewith anemphasis on.

4.What ismainly discussedinthetext二解答技巧特题型解题技巧占

八、、考查文章或段找主题句四窍门落主题1段落中出现表示转折的词语如however,but,in fact,actually等时，该句很可能是主题句的类内主⑵首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨旨容⑶作考有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词大4表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion等词意要求考生文章标题三特点标题⑴形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；类⑵短小精悍，精确性强；⑶涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意最佳标题Moreover,having asystem inthe samebuilding whereits eatenmeans zeroemissions fromtransportingplants fromsoiltosalad.having asystem inthe samebuilding为动名词短语作主语，where ifs eaten引导定语从句，修饰先行词building,.means为句子谓语翻译此外，在同一楼内的这一系统从种植到食用意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放adj.附加的；额外的；外加的adv.此外；另外dj」革新的，创新的v.创新，革新-_________________:rely v.依赖,^liable adj.可信赖的，可靠的，真实可信的specific;v.特别地，专门地；具体来说，确切地说row v.生长；成；种植一发育，生长；增长，发展mit v.发出idd v.增加radition n.n.排放物，散发物；（光、热、气等的）发出，射出传统,风俗一adj.传统的surround v.包围，环绕，围绕一adj.周围的，附近的adj.可持续的一sustainability n.recycle v.（使）再循环，回收利用；再次应用recycling n.________________________reduce v.减少，缩小，减少（程度、重耍性等）T_____________________n.减少，缩小，降低_________n.强烈情感，激情；酷爱-_____________________adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的employ v.雇用，聘请；运用，使用-____________________n.受雇者，雇工，雇员全文翻译我们都知道食物新鲜是最好的然而，商店里的大多数产品在到达餐桌之前都要经过数周的旅行和数百英里的运输尽管农民市场是减少这种旅行的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了这个距离BMF是一种室内花园系统它可以为家庭设置止匕外，它还可以为更大的受众服务，如医院、餐馆或学校这种创新的设计几乎不需要什么努力就能实现可靠的每周新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应具体来说，它是一个依赖新技术的农场通过云连接，BMF可以远程监控此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，提供实时生长数据由于系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量系统不是灌溉整排土壤，而是为每株植物提供恰到好处的水量收获后，用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植物，就可以开始下一个生长周期此外，在食用植物的同一建筑内拥有系统意味着从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中零排放此外，也不需要使用农药和其他污染传统农场及其周围环境的化学物质BMF的员工在日常生活中实践可持续性大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物我们热衷于减少我们环境中的废物、碳和化学物质，“一位BMF员工说

（二）（2024•全国•校联考一模）Every year,asthesurface watertemperature offthe UnitedStates midAtlanticcoastrises steadilyfrom latespring throughthe summer,a pocketof uncharacteristicallycool andcrisp watergets。