2024年全国成考（专升本）之英语（专升本）考试全真模拟题（附答案）945

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一、选择题1At theUniversity of Kansas artmuseum,scientists testedthe effectof differentcolored wallsontwo groupsof visitorsto anexhibit ofpaintings.For the first groupthe roomwas paintedwhite;for the second,dark brown.Movement of eachgroup wasfollowed by an electricalequipment underthe carpet.The experimentshowed thatthose whoentered thedark brownwalked morequickly,covered morearea,and spentless timein the room thanpeople in the whiteone.Dark brownmade peoplemoreactive,but the activity endedsooner.Not only the choiceof colorsbut also the generalappearance of a roomaffects thoseinside.Anotherexperiment presentedpeople withphotographs offaces whoseenergy was to becommented.Threegroups of people wereused;each wasshown the same photos,but eachgroup was in anordinaryroom-a niceoffice.The thirdwas in a tastefullydesigned living room withcarpeting.Results showed that the people in the beautifulroom tend to give higher marks to thefaces thanthosein theugly roomdid.Other studiesthat studentsdo betteron teststaken incomfortable roomthanin ordinary-looking orugly rooms.密.（）封According to the passage,we mayconclude that the whitera roomis线A.the longerpeople like to stayin itB.the soonerpeople in it willleaveC.the moreactive people initwill becomeD.the moreexcited people、（误解）2Have youever arguedwith yourloved onesover simplemisunderstandings Littlewonder.We oftenbelieve weremore skillfulin gettingour pointacross thanwe actuallyare,according toBozaKeysar,a professor at theUniversity ofChicago.In hisrecent study,speakers tried to expresstheirmeaningsusing unclearsentences.Speakers whothought listenersunderstood werewronghimclosely aboutwhether he was walkingfrom the right bankto theleft orfrom theleft banktotheright,in order to decidewhich townshould beblamed for the accident.But hecould not--:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------remember;since hegot drunkthat night.轴Some timelater.,a car was crossingthe bridgeand brokean axlebecause of the hole.Neithertown paidany attentionto theaccident,as the traveler was not goingfrom oneto the other,butwasmerely passingthrough.The angrytraveler gotout of the carand askedwhy the hole wasnotmended.On hearingthe reason,he declared,*T11buy thishole.Whos theownerBoth townsat oncedeclared that they ownedthe hole.One orthe other,whoever ownsthe holemust proveit.How shallwe proveitasked bothsides.Thats simple.Only theowner of the holehas the right to mend it.Til buythe holefromwhoevermends the bridge.People fromboth townsrushed to do the job while thetravelersmoked acigar andhisdriverchanged theaxle.They mendedthe bridgein notime and asked for the money for the hole.HWhat holeThetraveler lookedsurprised.!cant seeany hole.Kve beenlooking for ahole forseveralyears now.Tm preparedto paya goodprice forit,but theresno holehere.Areyou pullingmyleg orwhat He got intohis carand droveoff.Both townsrushed to mend the hole in order toprove that.0A.they ownedthe wholebridgeB.they hadtherightto sellthe holeC.they wereable to mend the holeD.they couldafford tomend thehole24I toldnothing toyour motheryou havegone.A.besides B.in additionC.except thatD.except for、25Scientists whostudy thebrain havefound outa greatdeal abouthow welearn.They have21thatbabies learnmuch morefrom thesights and sounds around them thanwe22before.You canhelpyour babyby takingadvantage of her hungerto learn.From the23beginning,babies tryto imitatethe24they hearusmake.They,read,,the25on our faces and our movements.That is26it is soimportant to talk,sing andsmile toyour child.Hearing youtalk is your babys first27towardbecoming a reader,because it28herto love language andto learn words.As your child growsolder;29talking withher.Ask herabout the things shedoes.Askherabout theevents and people in the story you30together.Let herknow you arecarefully31what she says.By keepingher in32and listening,youare33encouraging yourchild tothink asshe speaks.34,you areshowing that you respect herknowledge and her ability to35learning.、26It wassuggested thatthis hardworkinggirlan examplefor otherstudents.A.be setB.will be setC.could besetD.had beenset、27Of the two bags,the littlegirl chose.A.the lessexpensive oneB.one mostexpensiveC.a leastexpensiveD.the mostexpensive of them、28Open thewindow,_A.do youB.dont youC.will youD.wont you、29I oncewent to a townin thenorth ofEngland onbusiness.It was about7:30in theevening when I reachedthe hotel.The manageress^strict old lady ofabout60,showed meto myroom.When I asked herwhat timedinner was,she said there was onlyonesitting at6:30,and I had21it.Never mind/l said.Tm notvery hungry.Kll justhave adrink in the bar酒吧and asandwich.HBar!she22her voice.This is a respectablehotel,young man.If youwantbeer,youmust gosomewhere else.She spoke23a glassof beerwas a dangerousdrug.I went to abar and had somebeer andsandwiches and then went to thecinema.At about11:30I

24.Everything was in darkness.I knockedat the door;but nothinghappened.The25soundwas thechurch clock opposite,which suddenlystruck thehalf-hour withsuch forcethat itmade mejump.26a windowopened upstairs.Theold lady27and askedme whatwas going on.lexplained whoI was and sheletme28after tenminuteswait.She was in hernightdress.Shetold meseriously thatguestswere29to beback in the hotelby11oclock.I went to bedbut could not sleep.Every quarterof an hour thechurch clockstruck and at midnightthewhole hotelshook with the noise.Just beforedawnj finally30When Iarrived atb rea kf a st,eve ryo ne elsehad nearly31and there was notenoughcoffeeto goround.Did you32well,young manntheold ladyasked.33,1dont think I could go through another night in that room/l replied.!hardlyslept at all.”Thats becauseyou were34all nightdrinking!she saidangrily,putting35to theconversation.30Jim wasintelligent,but hehated hardwork.He said,“You workhard,and make a lot of money,and thenthe governmenttakes most of it.I wanteasy workthat givesme lots of moneyand that thegovernment doesntknow about/So hebecame athief—but he did notdo thestealing himself.He gotothers to do it.They weremuchless intelligentthan he was,so hearranged everythingand told them whatto do.One day they werelooking forrich familiesto rob,and Jimsent one of themto a large beautifulhousejust outsidethe town.It wasevening,and when the manlooked throughone of the windows,he sawa youngman and agirl playingon a piano.When hewent back to Jim,he said,“That familycant havemuch money.Two people were playingon the samepiano there/It can be concludedfrom the story that.AJim andhis mandidnt robthe familyB.the familythey were going to rob was not richin factC.the thiefwho wassent to the beautifulhouse wasfoolishD.the youngman and the girlwere husband and wife、31All thehousewives whowent to the newsupermarket hadone great amhition:to Detheluckycustomer whodid nothave to pay for her shopping.For thiswas what the noticejust insidetheentrancepromised.lt said:Remember,once a week,one ofour customersgets freegoods.ThisMay BeYour LuckyDay!For severalweeks Mrs.Edwards hoped,like ninny of her friends,to be the luckycustomer.Unlike herfriends,she nevergave uphoping.The cupboardsin kitchenwere full of thingswhichshe did notneed.Her husbandtried to advise heragainst buyingthings butfailed.She dreamedofthe daywhenthe managerof the supermarket wouldapproach herand say:Madam,this isYour LuckyDay.Everything in your basket is free.One Fridaymorning,after she had finishedher shoppingand hadtaken itto hercar,she found thatshe hadforgotten to buy anytea.She dashedback to the supermarket,got thetea and went towardsthecash-desk.As shedid so,she sawthe managerof the supermarket approach her.,^adam/hesaid,holding outhis hand/l want to congratulateyouiYou areour luckycustomer andeverything youhavein your basket is free!Mrs.Edwards must have beenA.pleasedB.delightedC.proud

0.disappointed、32At theUniversity of Kansas artmuseum,scientists testedthe effectof differentcolored wallsontwo groupsof visitorsto anexhibit ofpaintings.For the first groupthe roomwas paintedwhite;for the second,dark brown.Movement ofeachgroup wasfollowed by an electricalequipment underthe carpet.The experimentshowed thatthose whoentered thedark brownwalked morequickly,covered morearea,and spentless timein theroom thanpeople in the whiteone.Dark brownmade peoplemoreactive,but theactivity endedsooner.Not only the choiceof colorsbut alsothe generalappearance of a roomaffects thoseinside.Anotherexperiment presentedpeople withphotographs offaces whoseenergy wasto becommented.Threegroups of people wereused;each wasshown the same photos,but eachgroup wasin anordinaryroom-a niceoffice.The thirdwasin a tastefullydesigned livingroom withcarpeting.Results showedthat the people in the beautifulroom tend to give higher marks to thefaces thanthosein theugly roomdid.Other studiesthat studentsdo betteron teststaken incomfortable roomthanin ordinary-looking orugly rooms.Which of the followingis the best expressionof the main idea of this passage A.People inbeautiful roomstendto givehigher markstophotos offaces thanpeople inugly roomsB.The color and generalappearance of a roomhave a deeper effecton thebehavior of thepeople initC.The University ofKansashas studiedthe effectsof thecolor ofroom onpeoples behavior

0.Beautifully furnished,light-colored roomsmake peoplemore comfortablethan ugly,dark rooms、33lie promisedthat he would to get ustwo ticketsof thesoccer game.A.manageB.fulfilC.accomplish

0.succeed34Every yearjust afterChristmas theJanuary Salesstart.All the shops reducetheir prices and fortwoweeks,there arefullof people looking for bargains.My husbandand I do notnormally go to thesalesas wedon*t likecrowds andin anycase areshort of money aswe have to buylotsofChristmaspresents.Last year,however,I tookmy husbandwith meto thesales at the largeshop in the centerof London.We bothneeded somenew clothesand werehoping to find a television set.When wegot toOxfordStreet,it wasso crowdedthat wedecided tosplit up and meet again at the undergroundstation.So Ileftmy husbandstarted lookingaround theshops.Unfortunately all the clotheswere invery largesizesand sowere notsuitable forme.But Idid buy atelevision at a very cheapprice,so Ifelt quitepleasedwith myself.When Iarrived at the station,my husband was notthere.So Isat downin anearby cafeto have a cupoftea.I quicklyfinished mytea whenI sawmy husbandand wentout tomeet him.He lookedveryhappy.Then Isaw he was carryinga largeand heavycardboard box.7Oh,dear!〃I thought.Yes,wehad no new clothesbut twotelevision.We shallnot begoing thesales again.The phrasee splitup，zin the second paragraph means〃.A.break apartB.cause tobreakC.become pricesD.go indifferent directions、35Ias well as all yourfriends busyto preparefor yourbirthday party.A.amB.areC.isD.who36Archimedes was a famousGreek mathematicianand scientist.He was born around287B.C.andhe diedin theyear212B.C..Archimedes ismost well-known for one specificidea that he cameup with.Archimedess Principlestatesthat asolid objectwhich isin aliquid ispushed upby aforce which is equalto the weight of thewater that the object moves.For example,if youput a piece ofwood andapieceof goldthe samesizein water,onlythewood willfloat.Both thewood andgold move the sameamount of water,but thewoodweighs less than thiswater,whilethegold weighsmore.It is believed thatArchimedes discoveredthis principlewhentheking ofSyracuse askedhim to solve aproblem.The kingwanted to know ifhis crownwas puregold or a mixtureof gold and silver.The king,of course,did notmelt hiscrown to find out.The ideacame toArchimedes ashe loweredhimself intohisbath.He noticedhow the water spilledout of the tub.He decidedto use the sameidea for thecrown.He knewthat agold crownimmersed inwater wouldweigh more than onemade ofsilver.Theexperiment wasdone and the goldsmithwas provedguilty oftrying tocheat theking.The word“immersed in thesecond paragraphmeans〃〃.A.carryB.takeC.arouseD.under water37I couldexplain anything,Lily criedout andran away.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.As38PassageOneThe smallnumber ofnewborn babies,which has been caused by high prices and the changingsocialsituation of women,is one of the most seriousproblems inAsia.When peopletalk aboutit,you canheara wordinvented inJapan/DINKS,which meansDouble IncomeNo Kids.In manymajorAsian cities like Seoul,Singapore,and Tokyo,the cost of ahouse isextremelyhigh.A youngcouplewho want to buytheir ownhouse mayhave to pay about$300,000though priceshavefallen.For a flat withone bedroom,onedining-room,a kitchen,andabathroom,the couplewill payabout$900amonth.Whats morejfthey want to have a child,the childseducation isveryexpensive.Forexample,most kindergartencharges are at least$5,000a year.ln sucha situation,its difficult to affordchildren.The number ofmarried women who want to continue working increases rapidly because theyenjoytheir jobs.However,if they want to have children,they immediatelyhaveserious problems.Thoughmost companiesallow womento leave their jobsfor ashort time to have a baby,they expectwomenwith babiesto give up their jobs.In short,if they want tobring upchildren properly,both parentshavetowork,but it is hardfor mothers to work.Indeed,women who want to continueworking have tochoose between having children or keeping their jobs.In a word,Asiangovernments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon aspossible.Tobuy aflat and send a child tokindergarten,how muchwill acouple payeach yearA.$5,000B.$5,900C.$10,800D.$15,80039Every morning,kids froma localhigh schoolare workinghard.They aremaking andselling specialcoffeeat acoffee cafe.They are also making a lot of money.These students can make up totwelve hundreddollars aday.They areselling theirspecial coffeetoairplane passengers.After the students getpaid,the restof themoney goesto helpinga localyouthproject.These highschool studentsuse a space in the Oaklandairport.It isusually verycrowded.Many peoplewhofly on the planesliketodrink thespecial coffee.One customerthinks that the coffeecosts a lot but it isgood andworth it.Most customersarepleasant butsome areunhappy.They do not likeit if the cafeis notopen forbusiness.The studentsearn$

6.10anhourplus tips.They alsoget schoolcredit whielthey learnhow torun abusiness.Many of the studentsenjoy thework althoughit tooksome time to learnhow to do it.They have to learnhow tosteam milk,load thepots,and addflavor.It takessome skilland sometimesmistakesare made.The mostcommon mistakeis forgettingto addthe coffee..（）By sellingspecial coffeeat acoffee cafe,the studentsareA.gaining a lot ofexperienceB.makinga lot of moneyC.having a lot oftrouble

0.learning a lot ofknowledge40Passage Four（矮个子）Thediscovery of a dwarfedhumanbeingwho lived in Flores,lndonesia,up to18,000yearsago ischangingthe waywe thinkabout thehuman family.ThisFlores Humanwasth reefoot talland（黑猩猩）her brainwas smallerthan thatof theaverage chimp,yet sheand herrelatives apparentlylivedfully humanlives.They seemto have made tools,worked together to findfood andcookit,andperhaps evenburned theirdead withceremony.It was a majorsurprise to find toolsassociated with the newhuman family member.The toolsare like（化石）（智those formerlyseen onlywith Europeanfossilsfrom our own species;Homo sapiens人）;and theoldest of them weremade9,400years ago.Homo sapiensisthought to have arrivedin theisland about4,000years ago,much toolate tobe responsible for the tools.If thistiny humanmade the（结构）tools,then theinsidestructure of its brainmust have been morelikeour ownthan achimps,despite beingjust athird thesize ofours.ThisHnew humanwassuspected to be a dwarfed branch ofHomo erectus（直立人,）.When creaturesareseparated inregionswith rareresources butfew enemies,being bigis adisadvantage,andevolutiontends toshrink them,a processknown asisland dwarfing.Could naturalselectionmake ahumansmaller whilekeeping-even improving-mental abilityQuitepossibly,believes ChristopherWillsof theUniversity ofCalifornia.Has theFlores Humaneven shown the abilityoflanguagel findit difficult to imaginethat peoplecould make tools,use fire,and killlarge animalswithout fairlyadvanced communication,HWillssays.DidFlores Humanpossessthe basiccomponents ofhumanculture-such as the buryingof thedead with ceremonyEmilianoBruner of theltalian Institutepoints outthat Indonesiashot,wetenvironment isbad forfossilization.lt isreasonable to assume,he says,that the18000-year-oldbones of,the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved becauseshe wasburiedwith specialcare.The underlinedpartthis tinyhumaninParagraph2refers to_A.a chimpB.Flores HumanC.Homo sapiensD.Homo erectus41I willdo itwhether myplan have been agreedor not.A.withB.toC.overD.on42Mr.Smith was a wealthyindustrialist,but hewas notsatisfied withlife.He did not sleepwellandhis fooddid not agree withhim.This situationlasted for some time.Finally,after severalsleeplessnights,he decidedto consulthis doctor.The doctor advised achange ofsurroundings.Goabroad/hesaid.But Imnot goodat foreignlanguage/said Mr.Smith.It doesnt matter/saidthedoctor.:lt wonthurtyou to talk alittle less.Go on a voyage.Take plentyof exercise.Tryto reduceyour weight.Avoidrich food.Mr.Smith wentto Switzerland.He did not knowFrench orGerman,and had to communicatethroughgestures.He attendeda physicaltrainingcourse.The instructormade himbend hisknees,swing hisarmsstretch hisneck andshake his head rapidly.He had to lieon the ground andraisehis rightandzleft legsalternately.After atimehis musclesgrew hardand firm.He forgot the financialcrisis and theimportanceof raisingthe level of production.He evenbegan tonotice individualtreesand individualbirds.Finally hereturned home.But unfortunatelyhis improvementwasonlytemporary.Soon hewasanormal businessmanagain,worried abouthis property;his profits,his savings,his advancementinatechnological society,and thingsin general.In thesecondparagraph,the wordgestures,means0A.body movementsB.simple wordsC.pens orpencils

0.handshakes43Almost everyfamily buysat leastone copyof a newspaper everyclay.Some peoplesubscribetoas manyas twoor threedifferent newspapers.But whydo peopleread newspapersFive hundred years ago,news ofimportant happenings-battles lostand won,kings orrulersoverthrownor killed-took monthsand evenyears totravel from one countryto another.Thenewspassed byword ofmouth and was neveraccurate.Today wecan readin ournewspapers ofimportanteventsthat occurin farawaycountries on the samedaytheyhappen.Apart fromsupplyingnews fromall over the world,newspapers giveus a lot ofother usefulinformation.There areweatherreportsjadio,television andfilm guides„book、reviews,stories,and ofcourse,advertisements.There are all sortsof advertisements.The biggeronesare put in bylargecompanies tobring attentionto their products.They paythe newspapersthousandsof dollarsfor theiradvertisingspace,butit isworth themoneyjor newsof theirproductsgoes into almost everyhomein the country.For those who producenewspapers,advertisements arealso important.Money earnedfromadvertisements makes it possiblefor themto selltheirnewspapers at a lowprice and still makeaprofit.Which of the followingstatements isNOT trueA.Fivehundredyears agonews did not takea longtime toreach othercountriesB.Large companiesput bigadvertisements in the newspapersto make theirproductsknown C.Thenews that we needin ournewspapers isup-to-dateD.Though the newspapers are sold ata lowprice,their ownersstill gainprofit44Thenumber of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to have beenabout fivemillion.Today it is estimatedthat some260million peoplespeak itas aan21language,mainlyin theUnited States,Canada Great Britainjreland,South Africa,Australiaand New Zealand.In addition to thezstandard varieties of English found inthese areas,22are a greatmany regional and socialvarieties ofthe language as well as23levels ofusage that are employedboth in its spoken and written forms.In fact,it is24to estimatethe numberofpeople in the world who have acquired an adequate workingknowledge ofEnglish in addition to their ownlanguages.The25for Englishlearningand the situationsin which such learning takes place are so varied that itis26to explain and still moredifficult tojudge27forms anadequateworking knowledge for each situation.The mainreason forthe widespread28for English is itspresent dayimportance as a worldlanguage.Besides29the indefiniteneeds ofits nativespeakers,English is a languagein which some ofimportantworks inscience,technology,and other30are beingproduced,and not always bynative气象的speakers.lt iswidely usedfor31purposes asmeteorological andairportcommunicationsjnternational conferences,and the32of informationover theradio andtelevisionnetworks of many

33.lt is a languageof widercommunication for a number of developingcountries,specially formerBritishcolonies.Many of these countrieshave multilingual

34.and needalanguage for internalcommunication in such matters as government,commerce,industry„law and35aswell as for internationalcommunication and for entrance to the scientific andtechno-logicaldevelopments in the West.45Researchers havefoundthatREM rapideye movementsleep is important tohuman beings.Thistype of sleep generallyoccurs fouror five times duringone nightof sleeplasting fiveminutes tofortyminutes for each occurrence.The deepera personssleep becomes,the longerthe periodsof rapideyemovement.There arephysical chargesin the body to show thata personhas changedfrom NREMnon-rapid eyemovementto REM sleep.Breathing becomesfaster,the heartrate increases,and,as thenameimplies,the eyesbegin tomove quickly.Accompanying thesephysical changesin the body isa veryimportant characteristicof REMsleep.It isduringREMsleepthata person dreams.According to the passage,how oftendoes REMsleep occurin onenight A.OnceB.ThirdC.Four orfivetimes

0.Uncountable、46Exercise,everyone advises!But immediately,when youtry,you runinto trouble.There isso muchcontradictory,sometimes incorrect adviceabout exercisingthat becomeconfused.Test yourselfonthe followingtrue-false quiz.It tellsyou what you needto know.

1.To loseweight you should alwayswork upa goodsweat whenexercising.False.Sweating onlylowers bodytemperature toprevent overheating;it doesnot helpyou reduceweight.You mayweight lessimmediately aftera workout,but this is dueto waterloss.Once youreplacethe liquid,you replacetheweight.

2.You burn more caloriesjogging onemile thanwalking the same distance.False.You use,thesameamount of energy whetheryou walkor jogthe mile,since inboth casesyouare movingthesameweight thesame distance.The speeddoesntmatter.Of course,if youjog ratherthanwalk for30minutes,youll covermore distance,and thereforeburnmorecalories.

3.If your breathing doesntreturn tonormal withinminutes afteryou finishexercising,youveexercised too much.True.Five minutesorsoafter exercising,your breathingshould be normal,your heartshouldntpounding,and you shouldnt exhausted.Beneficial exerciseis nottoo difficult,unpleasant,andexhausting;it isenjoyable andrefresh.

4.Walking is one of the bestexercises.True.Walking helpscirculation ofblood throughoutthebody,and thushas adirect effecton youroverallfeeling ofhealth.The authorbelieves.A.walking isbetter thanjoggingB.working upa goodsweat is the bestwayC.walking is one bestexerciseD.over-exercising is the bestway47To getthejobstarted,I needis yourpermission.A.only whatB.all whatC.all thatD.only that48Human needsseem endless.They mightbe regardedas makingup severallevels.When there isenough money to satisfyone level of needs,another levelappears.The firstand mostbasic levelof needsinvolves food.Once this level issatisfied,thesecondlevel ofneeds,clothing and some sortof shelter,appears.By theend ofWorld War0,these needsweresatisfied for a greatmajority ofAmericans.Then athird levelappeared.It includedsuch itemsasautomobiles andnew houses.By1957or1958this third levelof needs wasfairly wellsatisfied.Then,in thelate1950s,a fourth levelof needsappeared:the〃life・enriching level.While the other levelsinvolve physicalsatisfaction,thatis,the feeding,comfort,safety,and transportation,this levelstresses mentalneeds forrecognition,achievement,and happiness.It includesa varietyof goods and services.Among themare vacationtrips,the bestmedical anddental care,and recreation.Also includedhere arefancy goodsand thelateststyles in clothing.On the fourth level,a lot of moneyis spenton services,while on the firstthree levelsmore is spent ongoods.A fifthlevel wouldprobably involveneeds thatcan be achieved bestby communityaction.Consumersmay bespending moreon taxestopay for governmentaction againstdisease,ignorance,crime,andprejudice.After fillingour stomachs,our clothesclosets,our garages,our teeth,and ourminds,wenow mayseek toensure the health,safety,and leisureto enjoymore fullythe goodthings on the firstfourlevels.What is the mainconcern ofman on thefourthlevelA.The morefoods thebetterB.The moreluxury itemsthe betterC.The moremental satisfaction the betterD.The moremoney thebetter49The twoteachers taughthim30years ago,but of them canrecognize himnow.A.eitherB.noneC.each

0.neither50Animals havedifferent waysof protectingthemselves againstwintertime weather.Some animalsgrowheavy coatsof furor feathers,while othersdig into the groundtofinda warmwintertime home.Some animalsspend thewinter in a deepsleep becauseby going to sleepthey avoidthe timeof theyearwhen foodis scarceand thetemperatures arelow.Their sleep is known asThere ismuch abouthibernation thatpuzzles scientists.For example,they arewondering howhibernationcame into being.Some scientistshave exploredthe possibilitythat animals release achemicalthat startsthem hibernating.One thingthat scientistsare certainabout is that animalshibernate onlywhen it is cold.Hibernation isa seasonal practice.Some animalsthat fallinto a winter timesleep are not true hibernators because they spendonly apart of thecold seasonasleep.Bears,for example,can easilybe awakenedfrom theirwinter nap.Theyare not true hibernators.nearly halfthetime.Heres somegood adviceto reducemisunderstanding:1Dont trustwhat yousee from the listener.Listeners oftennod,look atyou orsayuhhuhtobepolite ormove theconversation along.But itseasy toconsider theseas signsof understanding.编辑2Train the editor in your head.If yousay/Beth discussesher problems withherThusband/its notclear whethershezs talkingto her husband orabout him.Try instead,Bethtalksto herhusband abouther problems.orBeth talksto othersabout the problems withherhusband.3Ask listenersto repeatyour message.Introduce yourrequest bysayinglwant to be sureIsaidthat right.Questions likeHowdoes thatsoundorDoes thatmake sensemayalso work.4Listen well.When on the receivingend,ask questionsto be sure youreon thesamepage.Afteralljt isntjust the speakers job to make his speechunderstood.By Train theeditor in your head,the speakersare advisedA.to getthemselves trainedby a good editorB.to discussproblems with their husbandsor wivesC.to expressthemselves inlong butsimple sentencesD.to makesure eachsentence hasonly onemeaning3There aremany commonlyheld beliefsabout eyeglassesand eyesightthat are not proven facts.Forinstance,some peoplebelieve that wearing glassestoo soonweakens the eyes.But there is noevidenceto showthat thestructure ofeyes ischanged bywearing glassesata young age.Wearing thewrong glasses,however,can proveharmful.Studies showthat for adult there is nodanger,butchildren candevelop lossof visionif they have thewrongglasses.We have all heardsome of the common myths abouthow eyesightget bad.Most peoplebelieve thatreading in dimlight causespoor eyesight,but thatis unique.Too littlelight makesthe eyesworkharder,so they do gettired andstrained.Eyestrain alsoresults fromreading a lot,readinginbet,andwatching toomuch television.But althougheyestrain maycause somepain orheadaches,it doesnotpermanently damageeyesight.Another mythabout eyesis that they can be replaced,or transferredfromonperson to another.There areclose toon millionverve fibersthat connectthe eyeballto brain,and asif yetit isimpossibleto attachthem allina new person.Only certainparts of theeye-the cornea and theretina-can bereplaced.But if we keepclearing upthe mythsand leaningmore about the eyes,someday afulltransplant maybepossible!From this passage onecan conclude that.A.doctors arestill learningthings abouteyesightB.headaches are only causedby eyestrainC.everyone shouldwear glassesD.people onlybelieve thingsthat areprovenfacts、4Looking back onmychildhood,I amconvinced thatnaturalists areborn and not made.Although wewerebrought upin thesame way,my brothersand sisterssoon abandonedtheir pressedflowers andinsects.Unlike them,Ihad no earfor musicand languages.I wasnot anearly readerand Icould notdomental arithmetic.Before World WarHwe spentour summerholidays inHungary.I haveonlythedim memory of theSometimes it is difficultto determine whether a particular animal isa true hibernator.For example,some micehibernate,but othersdo not.The sameis trueof bats.Some of them hibernate.Others donot.Some scientistsbelieve thathibernation isstarted by.A.a lackof foodB.calcium deposits

二、多选题C.a bodychemical D.a lackof water录肖51If women are mercilesslyexploited Uyear afteryear,they areonly themselvesto blame.Because theytremble at the thoughtof beingseen inpublic inclothes that are out of fashion,they arealwaystaken advantage of by the designersand thebig stores.Clothes whichhave been worn only afew timeshave to be putaside because of thechange of fashion.When youcome tothink ofit,onlya衣|巨woman iscapable ofstanding infront of a wardrobepacked fullof clothesand announcingsadlythat she has nothingto wear.Changing fashionsare nothingmorethan the intentionalcreation ofwaste.Many womenspend vastsumsof moneyeach yearto replaceclothes thathave hardly beenworn.Women whocannot affordtothrow awayclothing in this way,waste hoursof theirtime alteringthe dressesthey have.Skirts arelengthenedor shortened;necklines arelowered orraised,and soon.No onecan claimthat thefashion industrycontributes anythingreally importantto society.Fashion耐用designers arerarely concernedwith vitalthings likewarmth,comfort anddurability.They areonlyinterested inoutward appearanceand theytake advantage of the fact thatwomen willput upwith any amount of discomfort,as longas theylook right.There canhardlybe a man who hasntatsome timein hislife smiledat thesight ofa womanshaking ina thindress onawinterday,delicatelypicking herway throughdeep snowin high-heeled shoes.When comparingmen and women in the matter of fashion—••••••——.—•♦———•the conclusionsto bedrawn areobvious.Do theconstantly changingfashion of womens clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities ofinconstancyand instabilityMen aretoo cleverto letthemselves betreated byfashion designers.Dotheir unchangingstyles ofdress reflectbasicqualitiesof stability and feasibilityThats foryou todecide.According to the passage,which of the followingstatements isTRUE A.New fashionsinclothingare createdfor thecommercial exploitationofwomen B.The constantchangesin women*s clothingreflect theirstrength ofcharacter C.The fashion industry makesanimportant contribution to societyD.Fashion designersshould notbe encouragedsince they areonlywelcomed bywomen、52The presidentMr.Baker medicaladviser.A.promisedB.praisedC.imagined

0.appointed、53Reading aloudevery daycan be one ofthe most waysto improveyour spokenEnglish.A.evidentB.effectiveC.favoriteD.favorable54Passage Four（矮个子）Thediscovery ofadwarfedhumanbeingwho lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to18,000yearsago ischangingthe waywe thinkabout thehumanfamily.ThisFlores Humanwasth reefoot talland（黑猩猩）her brainwas smallerthan thatof theaverage chimpyet sheand herrelatives apparentlyzlivedfully humanlives.They seemto havemade toolsworked together tofindfood andcookzit,andperhaps evenburried theirdeadwithceremony.It wasa majorsurprise tofind toolsassociated withthe newhumanfamily member.The toolsare like（化石）（智those formerlyseen onlywith Europeanfossilsfrom ourown species;Homo sapiens人）;and theoldest of them weremade9,400years ago.Homo sapiensisthought to have arrivedin theislandabout4,000years agomuch toolate toberesponsible for the tools.If thistiny humanmade thez（结构）tools,then theinsidestructure ofits brainmusthave been morelikeourownthan achimps,despite beingjust athird thesize ofours.（直立人,）Thisnew humanwassuspected to beadwarfed branchofHomo erectus.When creaturesareseparated inregionswith rareresources butfew enemies.being bigisadisadvantage,andevolutiontends toshrink them,a processknownasisland dwarfing.Could naturalselectionmake ahumansmaller whilekeeping-even improving-mental abilityQuitepossibly,believes ChristopherWillsof theUniversity ofCalifornia.Has theFlores Humaneven shownthe abilityoflanguagel findit difficultto imaginethat peoplecouldmake tools,use fire,and killlarge animalswithout fairlyadvanced communication,Willssays.DidFlores Humanpossessthe basiccomponents ofhumanculture-such as the buryingof thedeadwith ceremonyEmilianoBruner of theltalian Institutepoints outthat Indonesiashot,wetenvironment isbad forfossilization.lt isreasonable toassume,hesays,that the18,000-year-oldbonesof the mostcompleteFloreswomanwerewell-preserved becauseshe wasburiedwith specialcare.According to the passage/FloresHuman_A.lived apartly humanlifeB.wasabranchofHomo sapiensC.used toolsbefore Homo sapiens arrivedD.had abrain aslarge asa commonchimps、55Thenumber ofspeakers ofEnglish inShakespeares timeis estimatedto have beenabout five（）million.Today it is estimatedthat some260million peoplespeak itasaan21language,mainlyin theUnited States,Canada’Great BritainJreland,South AfricaAustraliaand NewZealand.ln addition to the,standardvarieties ofEnglish foundinthese areas,22are a greatmany regionaland socialvarieties ofthelanguage as well as23levels ofusage thatare employedbothin itsspoken andwritten forms.In fact,it is24to estimatethe numberofpeople in the worldwho have acquired anadequate workingknowledgeofEnglish in addition totheir ownlanguages.The25for Englishlearningand thesituationsin whichsuch learningtakes placeare sovaried that itis26to explainand stillmoredifficult tojudge27forms anadequateworking knowledgefor eachsituation.The mainreason forthewidespread28for English is itspresent dayimportanceasa worldlanguage.Besides29the indefiniteneeds ofits nativespeakers,English isa languagein whichsome ofimportantworks inscience,technology and other30are beingproduced,and not always bynativez（气象的）speakers.lt iswidely usedfor31purposes asmeteorological andairportcommunications,international conferences,and the32of informationover theradio andtelevisionnetworksof many

33.lt isa languageof widercommunicationfor anumber ofdevelopingcountries,specially formerBritishcolonies.Many of these countrieshave multilingual

34.and needalanguage for internalcommunication insuch mattersas government,commerce,industry,,law and35as well as for internationalcommunicationand forentrance tothe scientificandtechno-logicaldevelopments in the West.56There isno creaturethat doesnot needsleep orcomplete restevery day.If youwant toknow whyjusttry goingwithout sleepfor along periodof time.You willdiscover thatyourmind andbody would become tootired to work properly.You would become irritableand findithard tothink clearlyor concentrateon yourwork.So sleep is quitesimply the time whenthe ceilsofyour body recoverfrom thework of the dayand buildup suppliesof energyfor thenext periodofactivity.One of thethingswe allknow aboutsleep is thatweare Unconsciousin sleep,We do not knowwhat isgoingon aroundus.But thatdo.esnt meanthebodystops allactivity.The importantorgans continueto work duringsleep,but most of thebody functionsare sloweddown.For example,ourbreathingbecomes slowerand deeper.The heartbeats moreslowly,and theblood（柔软的）pressure islower.Our armsand legsbecome limpand musclesare atrest.lt would beimpossible forourbodyto relaxto suchan extentifwewere awake.So sleepdoes forus whatthemostquiet restcan notdo.Your bodytemperature becomeslower whenyou areasleep,which isthe reasonpeople go to sleep（反射动作）under somekind ofcovers.And eventhough you are unconscious,many of your reflexes（使觉得痒）still work.For instancejfsomeone ticklesyour foot,you willput itaway inyour sleeporzeven brusha flyfrom yourforehead.You do these thingswithout knowingit.When you are sleeping,A.all ofyou reflexesstop workingB.mostof your reflexesstop workingC.many of your reflexesstill workD.all ofyour reflexesstill work、57Animals havedifferent waysof protectingthemselves againstwintertime weather.Some animalsgrowheavy coatsof furor feathers,while othersdig intothegroundtofinda warmwintertime home.Some animalsspend thewinter inadeepsleep becauseby goingto sleepthey avoidthe timeof theyearwhen foodis scarceand thetemperatures arelow.Their sleep is knownasThere ismuch abouthibernation thatpuzzles scientists.For example,they arewondering howhibernationcame into being.Some scientistshave exploredthe possibilitythat animals release achemicalthat startsthem hibernating.One thingthat scientistsare certainabout is that animalshibernate onlywhen it is cold.Hibernation isaseasonal practice.Some animalsthat fallintoawinter timesleep arenottruehibernators becausethey spendonly apart of thecold seasonasleep.Bears,for example,can easilybe awakenedfrom theirwinter nap.Theyare nottruehibernators.Sometimesit is difficulttodeterminewhetheraparticularanimalisatruehibernator.For example,some micehibernate,but othersdo not.The sameis trueof bats.Some of them hibernate.Others donot.Some scientistsbelieve thathibernation isstarted by.A.a lackof foodB.calcium depositsC.a bodychemical D.a lackof water、58The jobapplicant wasworried about theinterview hewas wellprepared.A.ifB.becauseC.When

0.though、59Susan wantstoknowwhether themeasures have been agreed.A.toB.withC.overD.on60Enough sleepis importantto health.The amount of sleep21depends on the ageof thepersonand theconditions in which sleep

22.The youngmay needmore sleepthan theold,but23eighthours isenough for the healthof grown-ups.Some cando withless thanthis amountbut24may needmore.Every personknows his own need.It isthen amatter ofhow to25it.Sleep should be always松弛enough to make onerelaxed andready for26work.酉心睡Fresh airis27to sound sleep.lt isnot28reason forsome people to insistthat it is practicalto sleep in the openair.29a personcan keephimself warm,out of-door sleepingprobably givesthebody30complete relaxtion.Ability to sleepislargely ahabit.The conditionsreferred toonly leadto sleep.Out-of-door31,a goodhabitof regulardrinking and the avoidanceof lateeating and32are allhelpful to sound sleep.Suchfactors arelargely within the33of anyperson.A bathat34,neither hotnor coldbut ofbodytemperature,may behelpful tosleep.Sleeping pillsshould neverbe takenexcept whensuggested by

35.A.falls downB.breaks outC.wakes up、D.takes place61There arevarious waysin whichindividual economic units caninteract withoneanother.Three basicways may be describedas the market system,the administeredsystem,and thetraditionalsystem.In amarket systemindividual economic units arefree tointeract amongeach other in themarketplace.It ispossible to buy commoditiesfrom othereconomicunitsor sellcommodities to them.In amarket,transaction maytake placevia barteror moneyexchange.In abarter economy,goods such asautomobiles,shoes andpizzas aretraded againsteach other.Obviously,finding somebodywho wantstotrade myold carin exchangeforasailboat may not alwaysbe aneasy task.Hence,the introductionof money asa mediumof exchangeeases transactionsconsiderably.In themodern marketeconomy,goodsand-services arebought orsold formoney.An alternativeforthemarket systemis administrativecontrol bysome agencyover alltransactions.This agencywill issueedicts ordersor commandsastohow muchofeachgood andservice shouldbeproduced,exchanged,and consumedby eacheconomicunit.Central planningmay beone wayofadministering suchan economy.The centralplan,drawn upby the government,shows theamounts ofeachcommodity producedby thevarious firmsand allocatedto differenthouseholds forconsumption.This isan exampleof completeplanning of production,consumption,and exchangeforthewholeeconomy.In atraditional society,production andconsumption patternsare governedby tradition;everypersons placewithin theeconomic systemis fixedby parentageorigin,religion,and custom.Transactions takeplace on the basisof tradition,too.People belongingtoacertain groupor castesocialclass mayhave anobligation tocare forother persons,provide themwith foodand shelter,care for their health,and providefor theireducation.Clearly,inasystem whereevery decisionismade on the basisof traditionalone,progress may be difficultto achieve.A stagnantunchangingsociety mayresult.According tothe passage,who has the greatestdegree ofcontrol inan administeredsystem A.Individual householdsB.Small businessC.Major corporationsD.The government、62All thehousewives whowenttothe newsupermarket hadone greatamhition:to Detheluckycustomer whodidnothave topay forher shopping.For thiswas what the noticejust insidetheentrancepromised.lt said:“Remember;once aweek,one ofour customersgets freegoods.ThisMay BeYour LuckyDay!For severalweeks Mrs.Edwards hoped,like ninnyofherfriends,to bethe luckycustomer.Unlike herfriends,she nevergave uphoping.The cupboardsin kitchenwere fullof thingswhichshe didnotneed.Her husbandtried toadvise heragainst buyingthings butfailed.She dreamedofthe daywhenthe managerof thesupermarket wouldapproach herand say:Madam,this isYour LuckyDay.Everything inyour basket is free.One Fridaymorning,after she had finishedher shoppingand hadtaken itto hercar,she foundthat shehadforgotten to buy anytea.She dashedback tothesupermarket,got thetea andwent towardsthecash-desk.As shedid so,she sawthe managerof thesupermarket approachher.Madam he/said,holding outhis hand,I want to congratulateyouiYou areour luckycustomer andeverything youhaveinyourbasketisfree!The housewiveslearnt about the informationof freegoodsA.on TVB.from the managerC.at thesupermarketD.from thenewspaper63A thiefbrokewhen I was leavingfor myoffice.A.inB.upC.outD.off64Passage FiveWouldyou liketo spend all eveningreading alovely storywith beautifulillustrationsand make$35,000atthe same timeMillions ofpeople allover the world tried todojust that.Only onesucceeded.Thebook is called Masquerade,andwaswritten byBritishpainter Kit Williams.Within itspages areclues tothelocation ofa goldenjewel,and whoeverfigured outthe cluescould findand keep the treasure.Some yearsago,Williams was asked towrite a childrens book.Wanting todo somethingno oneelsehaddone before,he decidedto burya goldentreasure andtell whereit wasinthe book.He be-ganpainting withouta clearideaofwhatthe story wouldbeabout,where he would burythe treasure,oreven whatthe treasurewouldbe.Ashe painted,he decidedthat in the storya hare,or rabbit,wouldtravel throughearth,air,fire andwater todeliver agift from the moontothe sun.Afterthree years,hefinished thepaintings and then wrotethestory.The treasurebecame an18-carat goldhare,adorned withpreciousstones,and it was made by Kit Williams himself.This beautifuljewel,wortharound$35,000,depending ongold prices,was buriedsomewhere in Britainjreeto anyonewhocould decipherthe clues.Williamss bookkept peopleof allagesamused trying to solvethemystery ofMasquerade.The rabbit was finallyfoundin thespring of1982,bya48-year-old designengineer.lt wasburied inaparkabout thirty-five milesfrom London.We canconclude from the passage that.A.the cluesin Masqueradeare easy todecipherB.KitWilliamshas manyartistic talentsC.many peoplebury.treasures in Britain、D.KitWilliamssaid he would pay$35,000to whoeverfound thetreasure65Mrs.Peters stoppedplayingthe pianowhen she began to work.She hadlivedinaverysmallflat,and therehad beennoroom forapiano.But whenshe married,shehada newflat whichwasbig enough forone.So shedecidedto getone and herhusbandagreed andhelped her.She savedsomemoney,andherparentsgave hera generousamountof money forher birthday.Then shewentto ashop andsaid/TII choosewhicheverpiano doesnot costtoomuchand fitsinto mylivingroom.（调When shehad paidforthe piano,theshopassistant asked her ifshe wouldlike him to getittuned音）evey fewmonths.Mrs.Peters agreed.A fewmonths latershe heardfrom theshop thata man was comingto tunethepianoat tenthatmorning.Now shehad notcleaned thehouse yet,so it was dustyand untidy.Mrs.Peters hatedhavingeventhe leastamountofdirt,and feltashamed wheneverstrange peoplesaw herhouse likethat.So shehad tohurry..to cleaneverything carefully.lt meanta lotof effort,and itmade herhot andtired,but anyhowby thetime the man arrived,everything wasfinished.,She openedthedoor,and themanwasstanding therewith abig dog.!Good morning,themansaidpolitely/Will itdisturb youif Ibring mydog in,pleaseKm blind,andheleads mewhereverl go.It meanta lotof effort,and itmade herhot andtired.Hereitrefers toA.hating dirtB.cleaning everythingC.waiting forthe manD.feeling ashamedof thedirty anduntidy house66^Scientists whostudy thebrain havefound outa greatdeal abouthow welearn.They have21thatbabies learnmuch morefrom thesights andsounds aroundthem thanwe22before.You canhelpyour babyby takingadvantage ofher hungerto learn.From the23beginning,babies tryto imitatethe24they hearus make.They readthe25on ourfaces and our movements.That is26it isso importantto talk,sing andsmile toyourchild.Hearingyou talk is your babys first27toward becominga reader,because it28hertolove languageand tolearn words.As yourchild growsolder,29talking withher.Ask herabout thethings shedoes.Ask herabout theevents and people in thestory you30together.Let herknow youare carefully31what shesays.Bykeeping herin32and listening,youare33encouraging yourchild tothink asshe speaks.34,you areshowingthat yourespect herknowledge andher ability to35learning.A.continueB.stopC.beginD.try67Youd bettertake anumbrella withyou itrains.A.neverthelessB.althoughC.in caseD.so that、68The northernparts of the UnitedStates getvery coldin thewinter.lt snowsa greatdeal andthetemperatureoften goes21zero degreein January,22and March.But thenortheasternandnorthcentral regionsof23have beenfinancial andindustrialcenters,and they are heavilypolluted.In recentyears,people in these regionshave begunto takevacations24these coldwintermonths.They goto southernparts ofthe country25it iswarmer.Many gotoFlorida wheretheweather is

26.Others gotothesouthwestern statesofArizona,New Mexicoand Texaswhere they.27dry desertclimates.It hasbecome28nowadays.for oldpeople tomove southto theseplaces29theyretire.Typically thesepeople selltheir housesin theirhomecommunities andmove southto beginanew life30senior citizens.Their childrenlikely havehomes31and many of themare movingsouth32communitieswhere they were

33.The southernandsouthwestern parts ofthe country arenow growing34anyother part.Business andindustry35many officesand factoriesin thesouth.California isalreadythe mostpopularstate in the country.69With outthe helpofpeoplefrom everycorner ofthe country,people inWenchuan County,recovered veryquickly from the MayTwelfth Earthquake.A.must nothaveB.couldnt haveC.may nothaveD.cant have、70Passage ThreeEverycountry has its heroes.They maybesoldiers orsports people,doctors orfilm stars.We admirethemfor theircourage,theirstrength,their devotionto dutyortheirtalent.Their exampleinspires ustolivebetterj workharder.Terry Fox wasayoungstudent wholoved lifeand wholoved sports.When hewas just18years oldaterribletragedy occurred:his rightleg had to becut offbecause ofcancer.Such anexperience wouldhavedestroyed aweaker person-but Terry Foxwasafighter.He refusedto giveup.Instead,while hewasrecovering from theoperation,an ideaslowly formedin hismind.He decidedhewouldrunacrossCanada-in orderto raisemoneyforcancer research.Slowly andcarefully,hebegan to train.Every stepwas extremelypainful,but heinsisted,increasingthedistance coveredday byday.Sixteen monthslater,in thespring of1980,hewasready forthe longjourneyacross Canada-his Marathonof Hope.lt wasatime ofinspiration andheart-breakingemotion.Through television,every homesawhis distinctivestyle ofrunning-a kindofhalf-hop andhalf-run.Thousands ofpeople lined theroute to encourage himand towish himwell.They alsogavemoneyto fightcancer.Then onSeptember lst,1980,after143days and morethan5,000kilometerszcompleted,everything cametragically to an end.Terry hadtostop.He livedon foranotherninemonthsand diedon June28th,

1981.He wasalmost

23.TerryFoxran hisjourney.A.with thousandsofpeoplesupporting himB.without raisingany moneyC.with fewpeople watchinghim onTVD.with histeachers andclassmatesfollowing him、71Space isa dangerousplace,not onlybecause ofmeteors but also because of rays from thesun andother stars.The atmosphereagain actsas ourprotective blanketon earth.Light getsthrough and thisis essential for plants to make the food which weeat.Heat,too,makes our environment endurable.Various kindsof rayscome throughthe airfrom outerspace,but enormousquantities of radiationfrom thesun are screened off.As soonas menleave the atmosphere theyare exposed to thisradiation.But theirspacesuits orthe wallsof theirspacecraft,if theyare inside,do prevent alotofradiation damage.Radiation isthe greatestknown dangerto explorersin space.The unitof radiation iscalledrem.Scientists havereason tothink thata mancan put up withfar moreradiation than

0.1rem withoutbeingdamaged;the figureof60rems has been agreedon.The troubleisthat it isextremely difficultto be sure about radiation damage—a personmay feelperfectly well,but thecells ofhis orher sex畸形的organs maybe damaged,and thiswill notbe discovereduntil thebirth ofdeformed childrenor even grandchildren.Missions ofthe Apolloflights havehad tocross beltsof highradiation and,during theoutward andreturn journeys,the Apollocrew accumulatedlarge amountof rems.So far,no dangerousamounts of radiation have been reported,but the Apollo missionshavebeen quiteshort.We simplydo notknow yethow menare goingto geton when they spendweeks and monthsoutside the protection oftheatmosphere,working ina spacelaboratory.Drugs mighthelp todecreasethe damage done by radiation,but noreally effective ones havebeen found so far.The besttitle forthispassagewouldbe.A.The Atmosphereand OurEnvironmentB.Research onRadiationC.Effects ofSpace Radiation

0.Importance ofProtection AgainstRadiation、72Thenumber ofspeakers ofEnglish inShakespeares timeis estimatedtohavebeenabout fivemillion.Today it is estimatedthat some260million peoplespeak itas aan21language,mainlyin theUnitedStates,Canada GreatBritain,Ireland,South Africa,Australiaand NewZealand.In additionto thezstandardvarieties ofEnglish foundintheseareas,22area greatmany regionaland socialvarieties ofthelanguage as well as23levels ofusage thatare employedbothin itsspoken andwritten forms.In fact,itis24to estimatethe numberofpeople intheworldwho have acquired anadequate workingknowledgeofEnglish inadditiontotheir ownlanguages.The25for Englishlearningand thesituationsin whichsuch learningtakes placearesovaried that itis26to explainand stillmoredifficult tojudge27forms anadequateworking knowledgeforeachsituation.The mainreason forthewidespread28for Englishis itspresent dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besides29the indefiniteneeds ofits nativespeakers,Englishisa languagein whichsome ofimportantworks inscience,technology,and other30are beingproduced^ndnotalways bynative气象的speakers.lt iswidely usedfor31purposes asmeteorological andairportcommunications,international conferences,and the32of informationover theradio andtelevisionnetworksof many

33.lt isa languageof widercommunicationforanumber ofdevelopingcountries,specially formerBritishcolonies.Many ofthese countrieshave multilingual

34.and needalanguage forinternalcommunication insuch mattersas governmentcommerce,industry law and35as/zwell asforinternationalcommunicationand forentrance tothe scientificandtechno-logicaldevelopments inthe West.、73As theBeatles representthe mostimportant Englishcontributiontorock inthe1960s,Bob Dylanisthe mostimportant Americancontributor.It istrue inspite ofthefactthathehas neverreached thetopsale listoftherecord industryintheway theBeatles have.Bob Dylanemerged from the popularfolk movementduring1962and

1963.His firsttwo records,“Bob Dylanand theFreewheelin Bob Dylan”,appeared inthose yearsand establishedhis nationalreputation.This reputationgrew slowly,andwashelped by his appearancearound New York Cityandat collegeconcerts.As earlyas1962,Dylan becameknown forthe qualityand quantityof hissong-writing.And Dylansmaterial hasreflected asocial awarenessand has always involvedprotestagainst injustice.It has aroused abroad trend of similarsongs inthe present-day market.Theseelements,in combinationwith Dylansparticular sound,havemadehim oneofthe most remarkablefiguresinthehistory ofrock.BobDylanbecame famousto moreandmore people because.A.he producedtwo recordsB.he wrotemany goodsongsC.he travelledto New York CityD.he oftenput onperformances、74Jim wasintelligent,but hehated hardwork.He said,“You workhard,and makealotofmoney,andthenthegovernmenttakes mostofit.I wanteasy workthat givesme lotsofmoneyand thatthegovernment doesntknow about/So hebecameathief—but hedidnotdo thestealing himself.Hegototherstodo it.They weremuchless intelligentthan hewas,so hearranged everythingand toldthem whattodo.One daythey werelookingforrich familiestorob,and Jimsent oneofthemtoa large beautifulhousejust outsidethe town.It wasevening,and whenthemanlooked throughoneofthe windows,he sawayoungman anda girlplayingonapiano.When hewent backto Jim,he said,“That familycant havemuch money.Two peoplewere playingonthe samepiano there//It can be concludedfrom thestory that.AJim andhis mandidnt robthe familyB.the familytheyweregoingtorob wasnot richin factC.the thiefwho wassent tothe beautifulhouse wasfoolishD.the youngman andthe girlwere husbandand wife、75I oncewenttoa towninthenorth ofEngland onbusiness.It wasabout7:30intheevening whenI reachedthe hotel.The manageress,a strictold ladyofabout60,showed meto myroom.When Iaskedherwhat timedinner was,she saidtherewasonlyonesitting at6:30,and Ihad21it.酒吧Never mind,I said.Tm notvery hungry.Kll justhave adrink inthe bar and asandwich.Bar!she22her voice.This isa respectablehotel youngman.If youwantzbeer,youmust gosomewhere else.She spoke23a glassof beerwasa dangerous housewe livedin,of myroom andmy toys.Nor doI recallclearly thelarge familyof grandparents,aunts,uncles andcousinswho gatherednext door.But I do have a crystalclearmemoryofthe dogs,the farmanimals,the localbirds,and aboveall,the insects.I ama naturalist,notascientist.I have a stronglove ofthe naturalworld andmy enthusiasmhad ledmeinto variedinvestigations.I lovediscussing myfavorite topicsand enjoyburning themidnight oilwhilereading aboutother peoplesobservations anddiscoveries.Then somethinghappens thatbringsthese observationstogether inmy consciousmind.Suddenly youfancy yousee theanswer totheriddle,because itall seemsto fittogether.This hasresulted inmy publishing300papers,and books,whichsomemight honourwiththetitle ofscientific research.But curiositya keeneye,a goodmemoryand enjoymentoftheanimal andplant worlddo notmakeascientist:one theoutstandingand essentialqualities requiredis self-discipline,a qualityI lack.A scientistrequires not onlyself-discipline buthard training,determination anda goal.A scientist,up toa point,canbe made.Anaturalist isborn.If you can combinethetwo,you getthe bestof bothworlds.The firstparagraph tellsus theauthor.A.wasborntoanaturalists familyB.didnt likehis brothersand sistersdost hishearing whenhewasa childD.was interestedin flowersandinsects inhis childhood、5Many peoplebelieve thatAmericans lovetheir carsalmost morethan anythingelse.They are21about cars.Not onlyisthecar the22means oftransportation inthe States,it has23become a“plaything”.24thetime youngsters becomefourteen yearsold oreven25,theyre likelyto start26of havingtheir owncars.In theUSA,the27family,if thefather isnot28work,can affordto buyanewcar everyfive years.However,many youngpeople29after schoolinorderto savemoneyto buya car.Learning todriveand gettinga driverlicense maybeoneofthemost exciting30ofayoung personslife.Driver31isone ofthemostpopular courses.At theend ofthe coursethestudentwill32a drivingtest foralicense.33many,that pieceof papermeans thatthey havegrown up.In the UnitedStates,many menand women34tohavecars.People usecars togotowork.35drivecars togo shopping,to take the childrento schoolor forother activities.A.almostB.nearlyC.evenD.also、英国石油公司6There aremany interestingnews itemsin BP/s annualEnergy Outlookjustpublished.But perhapsthemostastonishing suggestioninthereport isthe ideathat cuttingbackon plastic use代couldmakematters worse.This mightbe whatyou wouldexpect BPto say.A erall,as oneof theworlds biggest oil companies,it makesalotofmoneyfrom sellingproducts inplastic.But letslook atthethinking behindBPs argument.If thecurrent opposingidea about the useof plasticcontinues,there could beaworldwide bandrug.I wenttoabarandhad somebeer andsandwiches andthen wenttothecinema.At about11:30I

24.Everything wasin darkness.I knockedatthedoor,but nothinghappened.The25soundwas thechurchclock opposite,which suddenlystruck thehalf-hour withsuch forcethatitmade mejump.26a windowopened upstairs.Theold lady27and askedme whatwas goingon.lexplained whoI wasand sheletme28after tenminuteswait.She wasin hernightdress.Shetold meseriously thatguestswere29tobeback inthe hotelby11oclock.I wentto bedbut couldnot sleep.Every quarterof anhour thechurchclockstruck andat midnightthewhole hotelshook withthe noise.Just beforedawnj finally30When Iarrived atb reakfast,eve ryone elsehad nearly31and therewasnotenoughcoffeeto goround.Did you32well,young manHtheoldladyasked.33J dontthinkIcouldgothroughanothernightinthatroom,l replied.Ihardlyslept at all.Thats becauseyou were34all nightdrinking!she saidangrily,putting35to theconversation.、76Advertisement canbe thoughtof asthe meansof makingknown inorderto buy or sell goods orservice.Advertisement aimsto increasepeoples awarenessand arouse interest.It triesto inform说明出版工and topersuade.The:C:\Users\^l\AppData\Local\Temp\1533286745l.jpg are allused tospread themessage.The pressoffers afairly cheapmethod,and magazinesare usedto reachspecialsections ofthemarket.The cinemaand commercialradio areuseful forlocal market.Television,although moreexpensive,canbevery effective.Public noticesare fairlycheap andmorepermanent in their powerof attraction.Other waysof increasingconsumers interestare throughexhibitionsand tradefairs aswell asdirect mailadvertisement.There canbenodoubt thatthe growthin advertisementis oneofthemost strikingfeatures oftheWestern Worldinthiscentury.Many businessessuchasthose handlingfrozen foods,liquor;tobaccoand medicineshavebeenbuilt uplargely byadvertisement.We mightask whetherthe costof advertisementis paidfor by the producersor by the customers.Since everyadvertisement formspartofthe costofproduction,which has tobecovered bythe sellingprice,itisthe customerswho payfor advertisement.However,if largescale advertisementleads toincreaseddemand,production costsare reduced,andthecustomers payless.It isdifficulttomeasure exactlythe influenceof advertisementon increasingdemand.When themarketis shrinking,advertisement maypreventabigger fallin salesthan wouldoccur withoutitssupport.What isclear isthat businessmenwould notpay largesums foradvertisement if they werenotconvinced ofits valuetothem.Advertisement isoften usedto.A.serve customersB.beautify theproductC.promote thesale D.arouse suspicion、77Scientists whostudy thebrain havefound outa greatdeal abouthow welearn.They have21thatbabies learnmuch morefrom thesights andsounds aroundthem thanwe22before.You canhelpyour babyby takingadvantageofher hungerto learn.From the23beginning,babies tryto imitatethe24they hearus make.They readthe25on ourfacesand ourmovements.That is26itisso importanttotalk,sing andsmile toyourchild.Hearingyou talkisyour babysfirst27toward becominga reader,because it28hertolovelanguageand tolearnwords.As yourchild growsolder,29talking withher.Ask herabout thethings shedoes.Ask herabout theeventsandpeople inthestoryyou30together.Let herknow youare carefully31what shesays.Bykeeping herin32and listening,youare33encouraging yourchild tothink asshespeaks.34,you areshowingthat yourespect herknowledge andher abilityto35learning.A.didB.wishedC.watched

0.thought、78It seemsthat beautyandwomen are twins.You arejoking No,I amnot.Observe foryourself.Ads onfashion floodTV screens,radio programs,magazines,newspapers,andthestreets.Whether包围theyhaverealized ornot,womenarebesieged byaseaoffashion.They aretaught tothinkthat withoutbeautiful clothesthey willgrow oldand losetheir charm.So whodares toneglectdressing upatthe costof their appearanceand youthButI do not agree withtheopinion thatwomen have to show their beautythrough their looks.Therichness of their mindproves tobe morebeautiful andattractive than theirlooks.A womanwho hasexperiencedmany troublesand maybe calledaunt orgranny canstill maintainher beautyif shehassuch excellentqualities asknowledge,ability,a kindheart,great courageand concernfor others.In addition,oldandyoung,beautiful andugly arerelative concepts.People whokeep ayoung mindwillnever feelold.Curious about new thingsand eagerto learnmore,they keepup withthe tide.Plainly dressedwomen mayhave atype ofbeauty,whichispure andreal.Reading andlearning isthe bestway tokeep oneyouthful.Good booksare fertilesoil whichcan feedtheflower ofones heartand looks.What wecan inferfrom thepassage is.A.women have toshowtheir beautythrough theirlooksB.beautiful clothescan makewomen moreattractiveC.women shouldlay moreemphasis ontheir ownqualitiesD.womenaremore curiousaboutnewthings thanmen、79I learnedhow toaccept lifeasitis frommy father.21,hedidnot teachme acceptancewhenhe wasstrong andhealthy.My fatherwas22a strongmanwholoved beingactive,butaterrible illnesstook all that

23.Now hecanno longerwalk.Even talkingisdifficult.One night,I wentto visithim withmy sisters,we started24about life,and Itoldthemabout oneof my

25.I said thatwemust alwaysgive thingsup26wegrow ouryouth,but italways27that afterwe givesomething up,we gainsomething newin its

28.Then suddenlymy father29up.He said,“But,Peter,I gave up30!What didI gain”I thoughtandthought,but Icouldnot think of anything tosay.31,he answeredhisownquestion:a\gain thelove ofmyfamily/I lookedat mysisters,and sawtears intheir eyes,along withhope andthankfulness.（愤怒的）Iwasalso32byhiswords.After that,whenIbegan tofeel irritatedat someone,I33remember hiswords andbecome

34.If hecould replacehis great35with afeeling oflove forothers,then Ishouldbeable to giveupmy smallirritations.A.hopeB.experiencesC.plans

0.thoughts、80Enough sleepis importantto health.The amountof sleep21depends onthe ageofthepersonand theconditions inwhich sleep

22.The youngmay needmore sleepthantheold,but23eighthours isenough forthe healthof grown-ups.Some cando withless thanthis amountbut24may needmore.Every personknows hisown need.It isthen amatter ofhow to25it.Sleep shouldbe always（松弛）enough to make onerelaxed andready for26work.（酉甘睡）Fresh airis27to sound sleep.lt isnot28reason forsome people to insistthatitis practicaltosleep inthe openair.29a personcan keephimself warm,out of-door sleepingprobably givesthebody30complete relaxtion.Ability tosleepislargely ahabit.The conditionsreferred toonly leadtosleep.Out-of-door31,a goodhabitof regulardrinking andthe avoidanceof lateeating and32areallhelpful tosoundsleep.Suchfactors arelargely withinthe33of anyperson.A bathat34,neither hotnor coldbut ofbodytemperature,maybehelpful tosleep.Sleeping pillsshould neverbe takenexcept whensuggested by

35.A.childrenB.womenC.manD.few、（误解）81Have youever arguedwith yourloved onesover simplemisunderstandings Littlewonder.We oftenbelieve weremore skillfulin gettingour pointacross thanwe actuallyare,according toBozaKeysar,a professorattheUniversity ofChicago.In hisrecent study,speakers triedto expresstheirmeaningsusing unclearsentences.Speakers whothought listenersunderstood werewrongnearly halfthetime.Heres somegood adviceto reducemisunderstanding:

（1）Dont trustwhatyousee from the listener.Listeners oftennodjook atyou orsay,,uhhuhtobepolite ormovetheconversation along.But itseasy toconsider theseas signsof understanding.（编辑）2Traintheeditorinyourhead.If yousay,Beth discussesher problemswithherPhusband/its notclear whethershes talkingto herhusband orabout him.Try instead/Bethtalksto herhusband abouther problems.orBeth talksto othersabout theproblemswithherhusband.3Ask listenersto repeatyour message.Introduce yourrequest bysayinglwant tobesureIsaidthat right.,,Questions likeHowdoes thatsound,,orDoes thatmake sensemayalso work.4Listen well.When onthe receivingend,ask questionstobesure youreonthesamepage.Afterall,it isntjust the speakers job to makehis speechunderstood.In thelast paragraph,the wordsyoureonthesame pagemeanthatA.youre followingthespeakercloselyB.youre readingthesame page asthespeakerdoesC.youshouldknow whichpage thespeaker referstoD.your storyis writtenonthesame pageasthespeakers82man isreasoning animal.A.The;aB./；/C./;aD.The;the83Human needsseem endless.They mightbe regardedas makingup severallevels.When there isenough moneyto satisfyone levelof needs,another levelappears.The firstand mostbasic levelofneedsinvolves food.Once thislevel issatisfied,thesecondlevel ofneeds,clothing andsome sortof shelter,appears.By theend ofWorld War0,these needsweresatisfied fora greatmajority ofAmericans.Then athirdlevelappeared.It includedsuch itemsasautomobiles andnew houses.By1957or1958this thirdlevelofneeds wasfairly wellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,a fourthlevelof needsappeared:the life・enriching level.While theother levelsinvolve physicalsatisfaction,thatis,the feeding,comfort,safety,and transportation,thislevelstresses mentalneeds forrecognition,achievement,and happiness.It includesa varietyof goodsand services.Among themare vacationtrips,thebestmedical anddental care,and recreation.Also includedhere arefancy goodsand thelateststyles inclothing.On thefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspenton services,while onthe firstthree levelsmore isspent ongoods.A fifthlevel wouldprobably involveneeds thatcanbeachieved bestby communityaction.Consumersmay bespending moreon taxestopayfor governmentaction againstdisease,ignorance,crime,andprejudice.After fillingour stomachs,our clothesclosets,our garages,our teeth,andourminds,wenow mayseek toensure thehealth,safety,and leisureto enjoymore fullythe goodthings onthe firstfourlevels.It canbe inferredfrom thepassage thatbytheendofWorldWarII,most Americans.A.were veryrichB.livedinpovertyC.didnotown automobiles、D.had their own houses84It seemsso naturalto putupanumbrella tokeep thewater offwhen itrains.But actuallytheumbrella wasnot inventedas protectionagainst rain.Its firstuse wasasashadeagainst thesun!Nobody knowswho firstinvented it,but the umbrella was used invery ancienttimes.Probablythe firstto use itwere theChinese,as earlyastheeleventh centuryB.C.We know thattheumbrella wasused inancient Egyptand Babylonasa sunshade.And therewasastrange thingconnected withits use:it becamea symbol of honourand authority.ln theFarEast inancienttimes theumbrella wasallowed tobe usedonly byroyalty orby thosein highoffice.In Europe,the Greekswere thefirst tousetheumbrella asasunshade.And theumbrella wasincommonuseinancient Greece.But itisbelievedthatthefirst personsin Europetousetheumbrellaas protectionagainst therain werethe ancientRomans.During theMiddle Ages,the useoftheumbrella practicallydisappeared.Then itappearedagain inItalyin thelate sixteenthcentury.And againit wasconsidered asymbolofpower andauthority.By1680,theumbrella appeared in France,and lateroninEngland.By theeighteenth century,theumbrella wasusedagainst rainthroughout mostof Europe.Umbrellashave notchanged muchin styleduring allthis time,though theyhave becomemuch lighterin weight.ltwasnt until the twentiethcentury thatwomens umbrellasbegantobemade,inawhole varietyofcolours.This passagetalks mainlyabout_A.howtheumbrella wasinventedB.why theumbrellawasso popularin EuropeC.the developmentoftheumbrella D.who neededumbrellafirst85Teachers aresome ofthemostimportant professionalsintheworld.They areresponsible21preparing futuregenerations to become productiveand honestcitizens,who will22to societyforthe wholeof theiradult life.Obviously,themostcommon reason23teachers decideto teachistheabilityto make adifference.There aremany professionsthat givepeople theabilitytohavean24impact ontheworld andchange peopleslives,25few professionshaveadirect impacton26a bettersociety asteachersdo.People tendto27their teachersfor yearsafter theyfinish school,for goodteachers can28their studentstobecomesomething thatthey29thought theycouldbe,or towork30a fieldthatthey thoughtthey didnot

31.Teachers arealso importantbecausetheyprovide32for their students.In certainiow-income areas33some studentsmaynothave bothof theirparents34,teachers canprovide animportant influencethat helpstheirstudentsmaketheright35,even whentheyarenot inthe classroom.Generally,teachersimpact onstudentscanlast all throughtheir life.第题选查看材料26A.creatingB.discoveringC.inventing、

0.designing86Have youever hadto decidewhether togo shoppingor stayhome andwatch TVon aweekendNow you21do bothatthesame time.Home shoppingtelevision（网络）networks have becomea22for many people toshopwithout23having to leave theirhome.Some shoppersare24of departmentstores andsupermarkets------------------------------fighting thecrowds,waitingin longlines’and sometimeshaving slight25of findinganything theywant tobuy.TheydPrather sit quietly athome infront ofthe TVset andwatch afriendly announcerdescribe a product26a modelshows it.And theycan shoparound theclock,buying something27by makinga phonecall.Department stores and evenmail-order companiesare28to joininthesuccess of（频道）homeshopping.Large departmentstores arebusy29their ownTV channelstoencourage TVshopping inthe future.Customers canask questionsabout productsand place30,allthrough theirTV sets.Will shoppingby television31take theplace ofshopping instoresSome industrymangersthink so.32many peoplefind shoppingatareal storea greatenjoyment.Andfor many shoppersjt isstill importantto33or tryon dressesthey want tobuy.Thats34specialism saythat inthe future,home shoppingwill35together withstore shoppingbut willnever entirelyreplace it.、87The doghas alwaysbeen consideredmans bestfriend.Always notedfor beingparticularlyfaithfulin watchingover children,he alsohas hisplace bythe fireside,inthecow pastureon thesheeprangez（放牧区）,and besidethe hunterin forest.He iseasytotrain workshard,and oftenperformszastonishingfeats.And inthe frozenpolar regionshewas once theprincipal motivepower,before beinglatelydisplaced bythe planeand helicopter.Because hehowls orwhines inthe presenceof impendingdeath,the dogwasoncethought tohavesupernaturalpowers andbelieved tobe capableof seeinggods andghosts invisibletomen.Actually,the.basis forthese beliefslies inthe houndssensibility topeoples feelingsand hissuperiorhearingabilityandsense ofsmell,which enablehim todetect signshidden fromhumanobservation.His recordof savinglives isoutstanding,forheoften giveswarning offire and otherdangers notnoticed byhis master.The dogsmajor contribution,however,has beento medicalresearch.Both hisdiet andhisstructureare comparableto thoseofthehuman being,andsohehasbeen thesubject Ofcountlessdemonstrationsand experiments.Open-heart surgeryhasbeenmade possiblelargelybecause ofthedog.But hissacrifice hasrepaid hisown speciesaswellby safeguardingit fromrabies（狂犬病）,distemper’andotherdiseases.Dogs aresimilar tohuman beingsin.A.sizeB.structureC.temperament

0.appearance88Table topmagic requiresno secretformula.Even thesimplest mealwill bereceived withenthusiasmifthetable accessoriesare creativeand colorful.No matterwhat typeof dinnerwareyouown,you canenhance itsbeauty witha varietyof attractivetable linens.When selectinga supplyof tablecloths,place matsand napkins,choose easy-care orpermanentpressfabrics becausethese fabricswill reduceyour workloadwhen washdayrolls around.Anotherconsideration isthe suitabilityofyourlinens foryour diningstyle orthe typesof entertainingyou do.The shapeofyour table will also dictatethe kindof tableclothyou purchase.Circular orroundedtables lookbest coveredwith roundor ovaltablecloths.Square-cornered tablesrequire squaresorrectangles.Finally,yourtablelinens shouldcomplement yourdinnerware.An eleganttable settingrequires aneleganttablecloth.A settingof stonewarelooks bestwith heavyof colorfulfabrics.But sureto takeallthenecessary measurementsbefore youstart shoppingfor fabricofyourchoice.Itcould beembarrassing ifyour tableclothsarenotlong enough to coverthe tables.It isequallydistressing ifyour tableclothissolong thatyour guestshave towatch where they walk.The authorsuggeststhatyoupurchase tablelinens madeof.A.bleach-safe fabricB.preshrunk clothC.easy-care materialD.stain-resistant cotton89In Britain,people havedifferent attitudestothe police.Most peoplegenerally21them andthejob they do-although thereare certainpeople whodo notbelieve thatthe police22have thepowerthat theydo.What doesa policemanactually doIt isnot23jobtodescribe.After all,a policeman hasanumber ofjobsin one.A policemanoften has to controltraffic,either24foot inthe centerofatown,orinapolice caronthe roads,indeed,inBritain,he mightbe inthe TrafficPolice andspend all,oralotof,hittime25up anddown mainroads andmotorways.A trafficpoliceman has to help keep the trafficmoving,stop26motorists andhelp whenthereisan accident.A policemanhas to help keepthe27,too.If thereisafight orsome otherdisturbance,we28thepolice tocome andrestore order.And theyoften haveto dealwith situationat greatrisk totheir own

29.We expectthe policeto solvecrimes,of course,so anordinary policeman,even if he isnotadetective,will often havetohelp30and arrestcriminals.And31do wecall whenthereisan emergency-an aircrash,a fire,a roadaccident,orarobbery Wecallthe police.32a policemanhastobe preparedto faceany unpleasantemergency thatmay happeninthe33world.The policedo anabsolutely necessaryjob,theydoit34well andI supportthem,but Ido notenvypoliceman.Ido not think that Icould35do thejob ofa policeman.A.hardlyB.fore verC.everD.never、选出发音与其他不同的一项90A.failB.portraitC.rainD.main、91At theUniversityofKansas artmuseum,scientists testedthe effectof differentcolored wallsontwo groupsof visitorstoanexhibit ofpaintings.For thefirst grouptheroomwas paintedwhite;forthesecond,dark brown.Movement ofeach groupwasfollowed byan electricalequipment underthe carpet.The experimentshowedthatthosewhoentered thedark brownwalked morequickly,covered morearea,and spentless timeintheroom thanpeople inthe whiteone.Dark brownmade peoplemoreactive,but theactivity endedsooner.Not onlythe choiceof colorsbut alsothe generalappearance ofa roomaffects thoseinside.Anotherexperiment presentedpeople withphotographs offaces whoseenergy wastobecommented.Threegroups ofpeoplewereused;each wasshownthesame photos,but eachgroup wasinanordinaryroom-a niceoffice.The thirdwasina tastefullydesigned livingroom withcarpeting.Results showedthatthepeopleinthe beautifulroom tendtogivehighermarkstothefaces thanthoseintheugly roomdid.Other studiesthat studentsdo betteron teststaken incomfortable roomthanin ordinary-looking orugly rooms.Which ofthe followingisthebest expressionofthemain ideaof thispassage A.People inbeautiful roomstendtogivehighermarkstophotos offaces thanpeopleinugly roomsB.The colorand generalappearance ofa roomhaveadeeper effectonthebehavior ofthepeopleinitC.The UniversityofKansashas studiedthe effectsofthecolor ofroom onpeoples behavior

0.Beautifully furnished,light-colored roomsmake peoplemore comfortablethan ugly,dark rooms、92Danny wasjust tiredabouttheway thingsweregoing.His momcame tothe schoolandwent onand ontalking aboutRick Jackson.It seemedthat shewould neverstop talking.Somebodys gottostop thatboy!〃she wasshouting,Ricks troublingeverybody inthe neighborhood.And heloves topickon littleboys likeDanny/Mrs.Green,Dannys teacher;was concernedalot.zzl didntknowthat Danny wasbeing pickedon/sheanswered.Hes neversaid anythingabout thistome!〃Mrs.Green lookedatDanny.zzHow longhasthis beengoingonShe asked.Danny couldonly shakehisheadand lookatthefloor.He knewif hesaid a word about this,hewouldhave troubleafter school.Danny hadntsaid anythingabouttheproblem becausehe wantedto playwiththeboys intheneighborhood.After all,mostofthem werenice tohim Hehated to leave thejust because of Rick.Maybe thetime hadcome tofind newfriends.He feltit hardto makeup hismind.Danny didntsay anythingaboutthematter toMrs.Green because.A.Danny didntagree withhis motherB.theotherboys toldherC.he didnt want tobe introuble、D.his motherdidntwanthimtosay it93Space isadangerousplace,not onlybecauseofmeteorsbut also becauseof raysfrom the sunandotherstars.The atmosphereagain actsas ourprotectiveblanket on earth.Light getsthrough,andthis isessentialfor plantstomakethe foodwhich weeat.Heat,too,makes ourenvironment endurable.Various kindsof rayscome throughthe airfrom outerspace,but enormousquantities of radiation fromthesun arescreened off.As soonas menleave theatmosphere theyare exposedtothis radiation.But theirspacesuits orthe wallsoftheirspacecraft,ifthey are inside,do preventalotofradiation damage.Radiation isthe greatestknown dangerto explorersin space.The unitofradiationiscalledrein.Scientists havereason tothink thata mancan putup withfar moreradiation than

0.1remwithout beingdamaged;the figureof60rems hasbeen agreedon.The troubleisthatit isextremelydifficulttobesure aboutradiationdamage—a personmay feelperfectly well,but thecellsof hisorher sexorgans maybe damaged,and thiswill notbe discovereduntil thebirth of畸形的deformed children oreven grandchildren.Missions ofthe Apolloflights havehadtocrossbelts ofhigh radiationand,during theoutward andreturn journeys,the Apollocrew accumulatedalarge amountof rems.Sofar,no dangerousamounts ofradiation havebeen reported,but the Apollomissions havebeenquiteshort.We simplydo notknow yethow menare goingto geton whentheyspend weeksandmonthsoutsidethe protectionoftheatmosphere,working ina spacelaboratory.Drugs mighthelp todecreasethe damagedone byradiation,but noreally effectiveoneshave been foundso far.The besttitle forthispassagewouldbe_A.The Atmosphereand OurEnvironment B.Research onRadiationC.Effects ofSpace Radiation

0.Importance ofProtection AgainstRadiation94I couldntgotothe meetingbecause Ihadtomy brotherafter hisaccident.A.take afterB.look afterC.look overD.take over95The number ofspeakersofEnglish inShakespearestimeis estimatedtohavebeenabout fivemillion.Today itisestimatedthat some260million peoplespeak itasaan21language,mainly intheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,South Africa,Australia andNewZealand.In additiontothe standardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,22area great manyregionalandsocial varietiesofthelanguageaswellas23levels ofusage thatare employedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.In fact,itis24to estimatethe number ofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequate workingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheir ownlanguages.The25for Englishlearning andthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitis26to explainand stillmore difficultto judge27forms anadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.The mainreason forthewidespread28for Englishis itspresent dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besides29the indefiniteneeds ofits native speakers,Englishisa languageinwhichsome ofimportantworks inscience,technology,andother30are beingproduced,气象的and notalways bynativespeakers.It iswidely usedfor31purposes asmeteorological andairportcommunications,international conferences,andthe32of informationovertheradio andtelevision networksofmany

33.It isa languageof widercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,specially formerBritish colonies.Many ofthese countrieshave multi-lingual34and needalanguage forinternal communicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawand35aswellasforinternational communicationandforentrancetothescientificand technologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.A.providingB.servingC.supposing□.leaving、96-I thinkyoushouldphone Jakeand saysorry tohim.--.It washis fault.A.No wayB.No doorC.No chanceD.No longer97^It wasthree weekslater Iknew Ihad madea mistake.A.where B.thatC.beforeD.when98All thehousewives whowenttothenewsupermarket hadone greatamhition:to Detheluckycustomer whodidnothavetopayforher shopping.For thiswas whatthe noticejust insidetheentrancepromised.lt said:Remember onceaweek,oneofour customersgets freezgoods.ThisMay BeYour LuckyDay!For severalweeks Mrs.Edwards hopedjikeninnyofherfriends,tobethe luckycustomer.Unlike herfriends,she nevergaveuphoping.The cupboardsin kitchenwere fullof thingswhichshe didnotneed.Her husbandtriedtoadvise heragainst buyingthings butfailed.She dreamedofthe daywhenthe managerofthesupermarket wouldapproachherand say:”Madam,thisisYour LuckyDay.Everything inyourbasketisfree.One Fridaymorning,after shehad finishedher shoppingandhadtaken itto hercar,she foundthat shehadforgotten tobuy anytea.She dashedbacktothesupermarket.gotthetea andwent towardsthecash-desk.As shedid so,she sawthe managerofthesupermarket approachher.,,Madam he/said,holding outhis hand/l want to congratulateyouiYou areour luckycustomer andeverything youhaveinyourbasketisfree!Mrs.Edward s.A.is alwaysvery luckyB.hadnofriendsC.hoped toget freeshoppingD.gets disappointedeasilyon single-use plasticsby

2040.But thedocument arguesthat switchingplastic forother materialswill（排放）haveabigger costin termsofenergyand carbonemissions.That soundslike thelaw of（非故意的）unintended consequencesin action.When plasticbags aremeasured againstpaper orcottonsubstitutes,a BBCanalysis foundthere wasntagreatdeal ofdifference intheir environmentalimpact.Paper bagsrequire fewerreuses tomake themmore environmentallyfriendly thansingle-useplastic bags,which meanscustomers haveto replacepaper bagsmore frequently.Environmentalists,though,arenotentirely convinced.They thinkthat BPis stressingtheproblemofbanning plasticfor itsown interest/While itstrue thatit takesless energyto produceand transportplasticthan glass,a glassbottle canbe reuseddozens oftimes andis recyclable.Plus,materials likeglasswhentheyescape collectiondont goon pollutingour oceansand riversfor hundredsof years,said LouiseEdge,from GreenpeaceUK.Steps toencourage recyclingare beingtaken.The UK,for example,will introduceanewtax onthemanufacture andimport ofplastic packagingin

2022.There arealso lotsof developmentstaking placewith alternativematerials.These maybethefinaldefense againstthe unintendedconsequences ofplastic bans.What isastonishing aboutBPs annualreportA.BP hasearned alotofmoney byselling plasticproductsB.Cutting backon plasticuse maybring moreproblemsC.BP hasbecome oneoftheworldsbiggestoilcompanies

0.Cutting backonplasticuse mayaffect productquality（）7Last year,some poorpeople hadhardly thesevere winter.A.been inB.stayed C.kept

0.survived、8Well visitEurope nextyear wehave enoughmoney.A.lestB.untilC.unless

0.provided9Have youever hadto decidewhether togo shoppingor stayhome andwatch TVonaweekend（网络）Nowyou21do bothatthesametime.Home shoppingtelevisionnetworkshavebecomea22for manypeopletoshop without23having toleave theirhome.Some shoppersare24of departmentstoresandsupermarkets-fighting thecrowds,waiting inlonglines,and sometimeshaving slight25of findinganything theywant tobuy.Theyd rathersitquietlyathome infront ofthe TVset andwatch afriendly announcerdescribeaproduct26a modelshows it.And theycan shoparoundtheclock,buying something27by makinga phonecall.Department storesand evenmail-order companiesare28to joininthesuccess ofhome shopping.（频道）Large departmentstores arebusy29their ownTV channelstoencourageTV、99Enough sleepisimportantto health.The amountofsleep21depends onthe ageofthepersonand theconditions inwhich sleep

22.The youngmay needmore sleepthantheold,but23eighthours isenoughforthehealthof grown-ups.Some cando withlessthanthis amountbut24may needmore.Every personknows hisown need.It isthen amatterofhow to25it.Sleep shouldbe always（松弛）enoughtomake onerelaxed andready for26work.（酣睡）Fresh airis27tosoundsleep.lt isnot28reason forsome peopleto insistthatitis practicaltosleep inthe openair.29a personcan keephimself warm,out of-door sleepingprobably givesthebody30complete relaxtion.Ability tosleepislargely ahabit.The conditionsreferred toonly leadtosleep.Out-of-door31,a goodhabitof regulardrinking andthe avoidanceof lateeating and32areallhelpful tosoundsleep.Suchfactors arelargely withinthe33ofanyperson.A bathat34,neither hotnor coldbut ofbodytemperature,maybehelpful tosleep.Sleeping pillsshould neverbe takenexcept whensuggested by

35.A.the bestB.atallC.without D.agood100Modern scienceand technologyhas shortenedthe distancebetween peopleand broughtuscloser.A.mostB.muchC.tooD.very参考答案与解析、答案1A本题解析参考文章第二段，在深色墙壁的展室内人们比在浅色展示内走得更快，活动区域更大可推知A选项正确、答案2D本题解析【考情点拨】推理判断题【应试指导】由第三段所举的例子可知，有时一句话表达不清会有歧义，所以作者建议所讲的话应该只有一个意思，以免发生歧义、答案3A本题解析参考文章最后一段，如果澄清一些错误的说法，对眼睛作进一步的研究，总有一天眼睛整体移植会成为可能、答案4D本题解析参考本段第一句和倒数第二句可知选项正确D、答案5D本题解析Notonly…butalso…表示不但.....而且“、答案6B本题解析文章第一段第

一、二句提到，英国石油公司刚刚发布的年度《能源展望》中有许多有趣的新闻，但报告中最令人吃惊的建议可能是，减少塑料的使用可能会使事情变得更糟故选B

0.difficult答案D本题解析该空后面的就是提示stillmoredifficult、答案56C本题解析【考情点拨】推理判断题【应试指导】文章第三段最后一句的意思是，睡眠中，身体的重要器官继续工作，但是身体大部分的功能放慢了，且从最后一段…〃manyofyourreflexesstill work一句我们得出，答案为C、答案57C本题解析由第二段最后——句知，Some scientists...animalsreleasea chemicalthat startsthem hibernating.nJ项符合题意，故选C C、答案58D本题解析句意尽管求职者准备得很充分，但他还是对面试感到担心意为〃如果〃，意为〃if because因为〃，意为〃当……时候〃，意为〃尽管〃结合句意，前后为让步关系，when thoughthough表示让步关系，故选D、答案59D本题解析意思是“商定（方法、协议”）；意思是同意某人；.意思agree onagreewithsb.agree todosth是〃同意做某事〃、答案60D本题解析失败；爆发（战争）；醒来；发生，举行〃曲fall down=fail breakout wakeup takeplace题意知选Do、答案61D本题解析第三段第四句表明政府在该类型的管理系统中有最The centralplan,drawn upbythegovernment高控制权、答案62C本题解析【考情点拨】事实细节题【应试指导】由第一段第二句可知，她们是从超市入口处的广告牌中得知这一消息的、答案63A本题解析【考情点拨】考查词组词义辨析【应试指导】句意我正要动身去办公室的时候，一个窃贼突然闯了进来打断，突然闯入；打碎，拆散；（战争、灾难、瘟疫）breakin breakupbreakout突然爆发；折断，中断break off、答案64B本题解析从这段里我们知道，会写书、画画、做珠宝所以说他有很多的艺术天赋项是正确的Williams B、答案65B本题解析【考情点拨】词语理解题【应试指导】根据上下文可知，此句中〃〃指前一句所做的事情,即itclean everythingcarefully、答案66A本题解析句意为当孩子长大一些了，要继续跟她说话前文已提到要跟孩子说话，所以（继续）continue符合句意其他几个动词虽然都可以接动词的形式，但不符合句意故选ing A、答案67C本题解析【考情点拨】考查词义辨析【应试指导】句意你最好随身带把伞以防下雨然nevertheless而，不过；尽管；以防万一；目的是，以便although incaseSOthat、第题答案6829A.whenB.whereC.unlessD.though答案A本题解析【考情点拨】语法结构题【应试指导】这是一个由连词引导的时间状语从句when、答案69B本题解析本题考查虚拟语气题干的意思是〃如果没有全国人民的援助，汶川的人们不可能很快从大

5.12地震中恢复过来〃，意思是“不可能做某事〃couldnt havedone

70、答案A本题解析根据文中第三段第六句…〃可知,答案为项Thousands ofpeoplelinedthe routetoencourage himA、答案71C本题解析通读全文可知，文章开头提到，宇宙空间里存在很多辐射，第二段又紧紧围绕辐射对人类的影响展开论述故项符合题意C、第题答案是7225A.purposeB.causeC.effectD.method答案A本题解析根据上下文的意思可知，人们学习英语的目的不同，掌握语言的程度也不同、答案73D本题解析文章第二段第三行说明表演增加了他的名声This reputationgrew...at collegeconcerts、答案74C本题解析由文章最后一段可知，这个小偷认为两人共弹一架钢琴就断定这家人没钱，说明小偷愚蠢shopping inthe future.Customers canask questionsabout productsand place30,allthroughtheir TVsets.Will shoppingby television31taketheplace ofshopping instores Someindustry managersthink so.32manypeoplefind shoppingatareal storeagreatenjoyment.And formanyshoppers,itisstillimportant to33or tryon dressestheywanttobuy.Thats34specialists saythat inthe future,homeshopping will35together withstore shoppingbut willnever entirelyreplace it.A.needB.willC.have toD.can、10The smallnumberofnewborn babies,which.hasbeen causedby highpriceandthe changingsocial situationofwomen,isoneofthemost seriousproblems inAsia.When peopletalk aboutit,youcan hearawordinvented inJapan,DINKS,which meansDouble IncomeNo Kids.In manymajor Asiancitieslike Seoul,Singapore,and Tokyo,the costofahouse isextremely high.Ayoung couplewho wanttobuytheir ownhouse mayhavetopay about$300,000though priceshavefallen.For aflat withone bedroom,one dining-room,a kitchen,andabathroom,the couplewill payabout$900a month.Whats more,if theywanttohaveachild,the childseducation isvery expensive.For example,most kindergartencharges areat least$5,000a year.In sucha situation,its difficulttoafford children.The numberof marriedwomen who wanttocontinue working increasesrapidly becausetheyenjoytheir jobs.However,if theywanttohave children,they immediatelyhave seriousproblems.Thoughmost companiesallow womentoleavetheirjobforashorttimetohaveababy,they expectwomenwith babiesto gaveup their jobs.In short,if theywanttobring upchildren properly,both parentshavetowork,but itis hardfor motherstowork.Indeed,women whowanttocontinueworkinghaveto choosebetweenhaving children or keepingtheir jobs.In aword,Asian governmentsmusttake stepsto improvethe presentsituation assoonas possible.To buyaflatandsendachild to kindergarten,how muchwill acouple payeach yearA.$5,000B.$5,900C.$10,800D.$15,

800、选出发音与其他不同的一项11A.equipB.mosquitoC.liquid

0.quarter12Deep insidea mountainnear Sweetwaterin EastTennessee isa badyofwater knownas theLostSea.lt islisted bythe GuinnessBook ofWorld Recordsastheworlds largestundergroundlake.The Lost Sea ispartofan extensiveand historiccave systemcalled CraigheadCaverns.、第题答案7522A.lostB.loweredC.droppedD.raised答案D本题解析【考情点拨】理解推断题【应试指导】raise one，s voice提高声音，符合题意、答案76C本题解析从短文第一段第一句可知广告的作用是推动销售Advertisement....tobuyorsellgoodsorservices.、答案77D本题解析句意为他们发现婴儿从看到和听到的事物中学到的东西要远远多于我们原来所认为的其他三项都不符合句意，故选thoughto D、答案78C本题解析作者一直在强调内在美，所以女人应该把注意力放在内在品质的提升上、答案79B本题解析根据上下文的内容，可以判断此处应选〃体验〃，即对生活的一种体验experiences、答案80A本题解析通过上句话中的可推断出本题的答案应是grown-ups,children、答案81A本题解析【考情点拨】句意理解题【应试指导】由此句后面一句makehisspeechunderstood,/nJ知.〃〃意为〃你能跟得上说话者的思路，能理解说话者的意思〃you*onthesamepage、答案82C本题解析本题考察冠词的用法分析句意可知，第一个空不是指一个人，而是人这个物种、因此不加冠词，第二个空表示一种，因此填a、答案83C本题解析根据第二段最后三句可知，到二战结束时，美国人满足了第二个等级的需求，之后出现了第三个等级的需求，即对车子和新房子的需求项是正确的C、答案84C本题解析【考情点拨】主旨大意题【应试指导】通观全文，作者讲述了首先使用雨伞的国家和地区，接着讲述了雨伞的用途和形状随时代的变化而变化，因此，选项雨伞的发展应为文章的中心C思想、答案85A本题解析本句句意很少有职业能像教师那样对创造一个更好的社会有直接影响意为创造〃,creating意为“发现〃,意为“发明〃,意为设计”根据句意,故选discovering,inventing,designing A、第题答案8629A.putting upB.making upC.setting up

0.looking up答案C本题解析【考情点拨】词义辨析题【应试指导】一些大型百货商店正忙于建立自己的电视settingup购物频道搭起，张贴编造；查阅，都不符合题意putupmakeuplook up、答案87B本题解析【考情点拨】事实细节题【应试指导】文章第三段第二句前半句指出，狗的饮食和身体结构与人类很接近、答案88C本题解析参考文章第二段第一句、答案89C本题解析这句话为否定前移，应为I thinkthat Icouldnot…〃A、D两项都是否定之意,双重否定表肯定，故排除；不合语境故选项forever C、答案90B本题解析此题暂无解析、答案91B本题解析本题为主旨大意题，需通读全文文章全面介绍了各种色调的室内装饰对人的影响、答案92C本题解析从第二段最后一句.可以推He knewifhesaidawordaboutthis,hewouldhave troubleafter school断没有把事情对格林老师说的原因是他不想陷入困境所以得出答案是Danny C、答案93C本题解析【考情点拨】主旨大意题【应试指导】通读全文可知，文章开头提到，宇宙空间里存在很多辐射，第二段又紧紧围绕辐射对人类的影响展开论述项符合题意，故选C C、答案94B本题解析句意；我不能去参加会议，因为我不得不在我哥哥出事后照顾他意为〃效仿，长得take after像，意为“照顾〃，意为“仔细检查〃，意为“接管〃故选look afterlook overtake overB、答案95B本题解析根据可知应选择表示对英语的需求the indefiniteneeds serving、答案96A本题解析No way在口语中表示“不可能句意为------我认为你应该给Jack打电话道歉------不可能，那是他的错、答案97B本题解析如果把去掉，此句为.句子仍然成立，所以该itwasThree weekslater Iknew Ihad madea mistake句为…强调句句意为三周后我才知道自己犯了个错itis…that、答案98C本题解析【考情点拨】事实细节题【应试指导】由第二段前两句可知答案为C、答案99C本题解析一些人认为在户外睡觉有助于睡眠是不无道理的＞答案100B本题解析句意现代科学技术缩短了人与人之间的距离，拉近了我们的距离分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个可以修饰形容词比较级的副词一般修饰形容词的最高级形式，可以closer mostmuch修饰形容词的比较级形式，和不能修饰比较级，故选too veryBThe cavernshavebeenknown andused sincethe daysoftheCherokee Indiannation.Thecaveexpands intoa seriesof hugerooms froma smallopening onthe side of themountain.Approximatelyone milefromtheentrance,inaroom called-The CouncilRoom,manyIndian artifactshave beenfound.Some ofthe itemsdiscovered includepottery,arrowheads,weapons,and jewelry.For manyyears therewere persistentrumors ofa largeunderground lakesomewhere ina cave,but itwasnot discovereduntil

1905.In thatyear,a thirteen-year-old boynamed BenSands crawledthrougha smallopening threehundred feetunderground.:He foundhimself inalargecave halffilledwithwater.Today touristsvisit theLost Seaand ridefar outonto itin glass-bottomed boatspowered byelectricmotors.More thanthirteen acresofwaterhavebeenmapped outso farandstillno endtothelakehas beenfound.Even thoughteams ofdivers havetriedtoexplore theLostSea’the fullextent ofit isstillunknown.It canbe inferredfromthepassage thatthe CraigheadCaverns presentlyserve as.A.an undergroundtesting siteB.an Indianmeeting groundC.a touristattractionD.a motorboat racecourse、13By thetimeyoureturn intwo years,your hometownwillanew look.A.have takenonB.take onC.havebeentaken onD.be takenon14Water ishydrogen andoxygen.A.made upB.made upofC.made byD.making by、15He didit gratitudefor everythingshehaddone forhim.A.withB.inC.withregardtoD.outof、16PassageOneThe smallnumberofnewborn babies,which hasbeencausedbyhighpricesandthechangingsocialsituation ofwomen,isoneofthemost seriousproblems inAsia.When peopletalk aboutit,youcanheara wordinvented inJapan,DINKSH,which meansDouble IncomeNo Kids.In manymajorAsian citieslikeSeoul,Singapore,and Tokyo,thecostofahouse isextremelyhigh.A youngcouplewhowanttobuytheir ownhouse mayhavetopayabout$300,000though priceshavefallen.For aflat withone bedroom,onedining-room^kitchen,andabathroom,the couplewill payabout$900amonth.Whats morejftheywanttohaveachild,the childseducation isveryexpensive.Forexample,most kindergartenchargesareatleast$5,000a year.ln sucha situation,its difficultto affordchildren.The numberofmarried womenwhowanttocontinueworking increasesrapidlybecausetheyenjoytheir jobs.However,if theywanttohave children,they immediatelyhaveserious problems.Thoughmost companiesallow womentoleavetheirjobsfor ashorttimetohaveababy,they expectwomenwith babiestogiveup theirjobs.In short,if theywanttobring upchildren properly,both parentshavetowork,butitis hardfor motherstowork.Indeed,womenwhowanttocontinueworking havetochoose betweenhavingchildrenorkeepingtheirjobs.In aword,Asiangovernments musttakestepstoimprovethepresentsituationassoon aspossible.What isthemainproblem beingdiscussedinthepassageA.The smallnumberofnewborn babiesB.The changingsocial situationof womenC.The highprices ofhouses andeducationD.The necessarysteps ofAsiangovernments17People enjoytalking about“first”.They liketo remembertheir firstlove ortheir firstcar.But notallfirsts arehappy ones.Few peopleenjoy recallingthe firststhatarebad.One ofhistorys badbut importantfirsts wasthefirstcar accident.Autos were still youngwhen ithappened.The crashtook placein NewYork City.The yearwas

1896.The monthwas May.A manwasvisiting thecity inhis newcar.At thetime,bicycle riderswerestilltryingtoget usedtothenew setofwheels ontheroad.No oneis surewho wasat fault.In anycase,the bikeandthecar collided.The manonthebike injured.The driverofthecar hadto stayin jailand waitforthehospital reportonthe bicyclerider.Luckily,the riderwasnotkilled.Three yearslater,another automobilefirst tookplace.The scenewas againNewYorkCity.A realestatebroker namedHenry Blissstepped offa streetcar.He washit bya passingcar.Once again,noone issure justhow ithappened orwhose faultitwas.The driverofthecarwasputinjail.Poor Mr.Bliss becamethefirstperson todie inacaraccident.We canconcludethataccidents involvingcars.A.happened mostoften inNewYorkCityB.donothappen asoften asthey didintheearly daysoftheautoC.have killedmorepeoplesince MisterBliss waskilledD.were alwaysthe driversfault18Bill lookedaround fora participant_A.making friendsB.tomakefriendsC.tomakefriends withD.made friends19The northernparts oftheUnitedStates getvery coldinthewinter.lt snowsagreatdeal andthetemperatureoften goes21zero degreein January,22and March.But thenortheasternandnorthcentral regionsof23havebeenfinancial andindustrialcenters,and theyare heavilypolluted.In recentyears,peopleinthese regionshave begunto takevacations24these coldwintermonths.They goto southernpartsofthecountry25itiswarmer.Many gotoFlorida wheretheweather is

26.Others gotothesouthwestern statesofArizona,New Mexicoand Texaswherethey.27dry desertclimates.It hasbecome28nowadays.for oldpeopletomove southto theseplaces29theyretire.Typically thesepeople selltheir housesintheirhomecommunities andmove southto beginanew life30senior citizens.Their childrenlikely havehomes31and manyofthemare movingsouth32communitieswhere theywere

33.The southernandsouthwestern partsofthecountry arenow growing34anyother part.Business andindustry35many officesand factoriesinthesouth.California isalreadythe mostpopularstate inthecountry.20In Britain,people havedifferent attitudestothe police.Most peoplegenerally21them andthejob theydo-although thereare certainpeople whodonotbelieve thatthe police22have thepowerthat theydo.What doesa policemanactually doIt isnot23jobtodescribe.After all,a policemanhasanumber ofjobsin one.A policemanoften hasto controltraffic,either24foot inthe centerofatown,orinapolice carontheroads,indeed,inBritain,he mightbe inthe TrafficPolice andspendall,oralotof,hittime25up anddown mainroads andmotorways.A trafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmoving,stop26motorists andhelp whenthereisan accident.A policemanhastohelpkeepthe27,too.If thereisafight orsome otherdisturbance,we28thepolice tocome andrestore order.And theyoftenhaveto dealwith situationat greatrisk totheirown

29.We expectthepolicetosolvecrimes,of course,so anordinary policeman,even ifheisnotadetective,will oftenhavetohelp30and arrestcriminals.And31do wecall whenthereisan emergency-an aircrash,a fire,a roadaccident,orarobbery Wecallthepolice.32a policemanhastobe preparedto faceany unpleasantemergency thatmay happeninthe33world.The policedo anabsolutely necessaryjob,theydoit34well andI supportthem,but Idonotenvypoliceman.Idonotthinkthat Icould35dothejob ofa policeman.A.howB.whereC.whatD.who、21Scientists whostudy thebrain havefound outagreatdeal abouthow welearn.They have21thatbabies learnmuch morefromthesights andsounds aroundthem thanwe22before.You canhelpyourbabyby takingadvantageofher hungertolearn.From the23beginning,babies tryto imitatethe24they hearusmake.Theyreadthe25onourfacesandourmovements.That is26itissoimportanttotalk,sing andsmiletoyour child.Hearing youtalkisyourbabysfirst27toward becomingareader,because it28herto lovelanguage andtolearnwords.As yourchild growsolder;29talking withher.Ask heraboutthethings shedoes.Askherabout theeventsandpeopleinthestoryyou30together.Let herknow youarecarefully31what shesays.By keepingherin32and listening,youare33encouraging yourchildtothink asshespeaks.34,youareshowingthat yourespectherknowledge andher abilityto35learning.、22Space isadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors butalsobecauseof raysfromthesunandother stars.The atmosphereagain actsas ourprotective blanketonearth.Light getsthrough,andthisis essentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too makesourenvironment/endurable.Various kindsofrayscome throughthe airfrom outerspace,but enormousquantities ofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.As soonas menleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedto thisradiation.But theirspacesuits orthe wallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,do preventalotofradiation damage.Radiation isthe greatestknown dangerto explorersin space.The unitofradiationiscalledrein.Scientists havereason tothinkthata mancan putup withfar moreradiation than

0.1remwithout beingdamaged;the figureof60rems hasbeen agreedon.The troubleisthatit isextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage—apersonmay feelperfectly well,but thecellsof hisorher sexorgans maybe damaged,andthiswill notbe discovereduntilthebirth ofdeformed（畸形的）childrenorevengrandchildren.Missions ofthe Apolloflights havehadtocross beltsof highradiationand,during theoutward andreturn journeys,theApollocrew accumulatedalargeamount ofrems.Sofar,no dangerousamounts ofradiation havebeen reported,but theApollo missionshavebeen quiteshort.We simplydonotknow yethow menare goingtogeton whenthey spendweeksand monthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratory.Drugs mighthelpto decreasethedamagedonebyradiation,but noreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.It canbe inferredfromthepassagethat_A.theApollomission wasvery successfulB.protection fromspaceradiationisno easyjob C.astronauts willhave deformedchildrenorgrandchildren D.radiationis nota threatto well-protected spaceexplorers、23There wasa riverwithasmall townon eithersideofit.The townswere linkedbyabridge.One day,a holeappearedinthebridge.Both townsagreed thattheholeshould bemended.However,disagreement cameup asto whoshould mendit.Each townthought thatit hadabetterreason fortheothertomendthehole.The townontheright banksaidthatitwasattheend oftheroad,sotheleft-bank townshould mendthehole.The townontheleft bank,ontheotherhand,insisted thatallthetrafficcame totheright-bank town,sitwasintheir interesttomendthebridge.The quarrelwentonand on,andsodid thehole.The moreit wenton,the morethe hostilitybetweenthetwo townsgrew.One daya manfell intotheholeand brokehis leg.People fromboth townsquestioned。