第04讲　形容词和副词（知识讲解巧学巧练）

第讲形容词和副词04学习目标目标形容词和副词的基本用法1目标形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2基础知识考点精讲一形容词和副词的基本用法【情境导入】I boughtan interesting novel yesterday.The bookis sointeresting2that I can hardly let goof it.Worried aboutmy study,my mothertook itaway.However,I foundmy motherabsorbed1in it.My motheris readingthe novelattentively nowand she is quitemoved by it.Obviously\she wontreturn thebook to me soon.［规则感悟］

①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语

②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语

③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语

④在“感官或使役动词+宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态

⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度

⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子形容词的构词规则

1.例词类别加y cloudfcloudy,luck-plucky,healthf healthy,fogfoggy加ed giftfgifted,talent-talented,advance-*advanced,exciteexcitedsurprise^surprising,convincefconvincing,frightenfrightening,appealf appealing,加ingreward—rewarding,invite—invitingmeaning-^meaningful/meaningless,care^careful/careless,help-helpful/helpless,harm^harmful/harmless,加ful/lesscolour^colourful/colourless,use-useful/useless,thank^thankful/thankless答案

5.roughly解析考查副词此处修饰数字用副词“大约”，故填roughly roughly答案

6.as解析考查原级比较形容词/副词原级+为固定用法，故填“as+as”as答案

7.whether/if解析考查宾语从句根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句作的宾语，意为“是ask否，故填whether/if答案

8.thirds解析考查数词此处是分数的表达方式，分子如果大于分母要用复数形式，故填2/31,thirds o答案

9.invitation解析考查名词此处需填入名词作动词的宾语，故填declined invitation答案

10.a解析考查冠词此处表示一个积极的改变，表泛指，且的发音为辅音音素开头，所以应really该用不定冠词a0fortf foilable,knowledge^knowledgeable,accept^acceptable,respect^respectable加able加，OUS dangerfdangerous couragef courageous,humouL humorous变ceconfidence-*confident,difference-*-different为tmusicfmusical,personfpersonal,nation-national,education-educational,加altraditiontraditional加ly friend-friendly,weekf weekly,lovef lovely加en woodfwooden,wool fwoolen加ive/ativeattract-1^attractive,talktalkative,prevent-preventive,protect-*protectiveenergyenergetic,foolfoolish,pleasure^pleasant/pleased,science-scientific其他常见变化【注意】以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加y如等以结尾的名词加变形容词时要去掉再力口如y,sun-sunny,funf funnye ye y,noisef noisy,等ice-icy,taste-tasty形容词变副词的规则

2.类别例词1一般形容词变副词直接在其后加lyo quickfquickly,anxious^anxiously2以辅音字母+e结尾的形容词直接加ly,以元音immediate^immediately,polite-^politely，字母结尾的形容词去掉再加+e ely true-^truly以辅音字母结尾的形容词要去掉再加3+le eypossible-possibly,probableprobably以辅音字母结尾的形容词要变为再加4+y yihappyf happily,healthyf healthilyly5以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加allyo economic-*^economically,basic-basically6以11结尾的形容词要在其后加y fullfully,dullfdullyo【注意】下面这两个单词是特殊的形式wholcfwholly publicfpublicly常见的以结尾的形容词

3.ly表示时间的形容词每小时的；每天的；每周的；每月的；1hourly dailyweekly monthlyyearly每年的；及时的,适时的timely表示人的形容词有男子气概的；女性特有的；慈母般的；慈2manly womanlymotherly fatherly父般的；同志般的radely⑶表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词可爱的；友好的；难看的；lovely friendlyugly活泼的；孤独的；不友好的；亲切的；多病的；年长的lively lonelyunfriendly kindlysickly elderly（）表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词可能的；整齐的;致命的；4likely orderlydeadly寒冷的；乱七八糟的；不大可能发生的chilly disorderlyunlikely如何区分结尾的形容词与结尾的形容词

4.ed ing（l）ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”⑵ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile（微笑），（外貌），（面部表情），（声音），（表情），appearance facevoice lookexpression（表情）等表示人的情绪状况的名词He hada pleasedsmile onhis face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑He toldme thenews ina veryexcited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息常考的连接性副词

5.然而，可是；在此期间；因此，所以；though meanwhiletherefore/thus/consequently而且，此夕卜；而且，另夕卜，还有；然而；相反，代moreover/furthermore besideshowever instead替；尽管，即使这样；否则anyway/anyhow otherwiseTheyoung mancouldn tafford anew car.Instead,he boughta usedone.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的The house was tooexpensive andtoo big.Besides,V dgrown fondof ourlittle rentedhouse.这个房子太贵、太大了而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了意义不同的同根副词

6.或加.不远地；接近地close（）15密切地[closely ado.而免费地free（）

21.自由地[freely ado努力地hard ado.（）

3..几乎不[hardly4d迟[late adv.^9⑷i…苴公加.近来[lately非常;几乎，差不多most ado.⑸V〃曲.主要地[mostly尽可能远地；充分地wide QQ.一61广泛地[widely adafhighadv.高⑺[highly ado.高度地.深地；在深处deep ado〃而.深刻地[deeply在附近near ado.91〃而.几乎[nearly【对点练习】

1.The oldpeople therewere talkativeand theytold us their personalpersonstories cheerfully.

2.There weremany peoplewaiting at the busstop,and someof themlooked veryanxious anddisappointeddisappoint.

3.r11never forgetthe amazingamazetrip Ihad inBeijing,China and I hope to gothere nexttime withmyfriends.

4.He spentseven daysin thewind andsnow,cold andhungryhunger.

5.In thestudy,GBS wasused to provide ahighlyhigh efficientway ofdemonstrating quantumputationalspeedup insolving sometasks.

6.The titlewill beofficiallyofficial giventomeat aceremony inLondon.

7.Luckily luckyhe alsohas acow whichproduces milkevery day.

8.I amterriblyterrible sorrythat Ican tgo to the bookstorewith youat theappointed time.考点精讲二形容词和副词的比较级和最高级【情境导入】In myfamily,my motheris thethinnest.My fatheris muchtaller2than herand me,but heis twiceasheavy asmy mother,and beingfatter andfatter

1.He isquite worriedbecause thefatter heis,the morelikelyheisto beill.［规则感悟］

①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加或以结尾的直接加或er est;e rst;以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母+结尾的词，》等y”变为再加或多音节词前面加或yier est;more mosto两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级

②比较级常常和连用，并且可以被等词修饰

③倍数表达than much,a little,a bit,even,far,still法谓语+倍数+比较级+•A+adj./adv.than+B谓语+倍数+./弗.原级（+名词）+•A+as+a4as+B谓语+倍数+名词（等）•A+the+size,length,height,weight+of+B

⑤“the+比较级...，the+比较级.表示“越……，就越……”少数以或结尾的双音节词，可以加构成比较级，加构成最高级

1.er,ow,yleer estcleveLcleverer fcleverestnarrow fnarrower-*narrowesteasy feasier-*easiestsimple fsimpler-simplest有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级

2.这类形容词有（正确的），（错误的），（可能的），（空的），（第right wrongpossible emptyfirst一的），（木制的），（最后的），（东方的），（最后的）等wooden finaleast last有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记

3.good/well-*^better^bestbad/ill fworse fworstmany/much fmore^mostlittle-Hessf leastold^older/elder^oldest/eldest（指具体空间上）farther^farthest（指抽象程度上）far—further-furthest比较级的基本用法

4.（）同级比较1

②当结构中有名词时，可用以下结构as…asas+形容词原级+a（n）+，

2.+as…可数名词复数+as+many+as…不可数名词+as+much+as…r mnot alittle tiredtoday aftergiving theroom athorough cleaningandI have neverhad astiring aday astoday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了（）比较级比较2“形容词/副词比较级+表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”形容词/副词原级+than”less+表示“一方不及另一方……”than”我比其I knowmy sisterbetter thananyone else.Once shehas madeup hermind,nothing canchange it.他任何人更了解我姐姐她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变比较级的特殊用法

5.

①“more+原级+than+原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”The girlwas morefrightened thanhurt.与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓

②“111自1m11+主语+©@11+谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”The beautyof thecity ismore thanIcandescribe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的

③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词Of thetwo sisters,Mary isthe cleverer.这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明比较级形式表示最高级含义

6.在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义

①比较级+可数名词单数than+any other+

②比较级+可数名词复数than+the other+

③比较级+than+anyone/anything else

④比较级+可数名词复数than+any of the other+

⑤“否定词+比较级”也可表示最高级含义China isthe largestcountry inAsia.That is,it islarger thanany othercountry inAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大No manis betterthan youin theworld.人世间没有人比你好I havent reada moreinterestingnovel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了最高级的基本用法

7.⑴形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的状语She isthe mostactive studentin ourclass.她是我们班最活跃的学生形容词最高级+名词复数2one of+Shanghai is one ofthe biggest cities in our countiy.=Shanghai isamong thebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一⑶序数词+形容词最高级+名词Africa isthe secondlargest continentin theworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲【对点练习】

1.The moremuchwe dofor thosein need,the happierwe11be.

2.Road safetyhas arousedwiderwide attentionofthepublic thanbefore.

3.During theend ofthe19th centuryand thebeginning ofthe20th century,Beijing Operafinally formedandbecame thebiggestbig of all operasin China.

4.I havenever meta kinderkindteacher thanMrs Smithbefore.

5.The electronicwaste streamis increasingthree timesfasterfast thantraditional garbageas awhole.

6.When youstudy thelocal map,you11find thistown istwice thesize ofthat one.

7.Ihaveseldom seenmy motheras/so pleasedwith myprogress asshe isnow.【解题策略】若修饰名词，要想到用形容词若修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词_______诵务分［Mthan连用，要想到用比较级析若并列词前或后用的比较级，则其形后或前也要用比较级容词若语境中暗含比较含义，要想到用比较级（二者之间）或最高级（三者及以、上）副词逻辑分」根据上下文的内在逻辑关系确定恰、析法当的连接性副词n•才斤江月

1.When thehousewasbuilt,it wasmuch smallersmallthan itis today.

202162.Local peoplewere providedwith financialfinanceaid andother benefits.画像

3.One daythe emperorwanted to get hisportrait doneso hecalled allgreat artiststo eand present•全国their finestfinework,so thathe couldchoose thebest.2020III

4.As thesmall boatmoved gentlygentlealong theriver hewas leftspeechless bythe mountainsbeing•全国silently reflectedin thewater.2020III圉过关检测,・lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.层级一基础达标练单句语法填空

1.Last October,while tendingher gardenin Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlssonpulled outa handfulof smallcarrotscarrotand wasabout tothrow themaway.

2.Handle themost importanttasks first,and you11feel areal senseof achievementachieve.

3.Although heresearches cloning,his intentionintendhas neverbeen tocreate copiesof humans.

4.In theearly fiftiesfifty,researchers foundthat peoplescored higheron intelligencetests ifthey spokemorethan onelanguage.

5.She isthe twelfthtwelvetutor,who hasetolook afterhis childrensince theirmother died.

6.The oldman goestothepark everythirdthree day,jogging with his fellows.

7.But thesuccessful testdrilling forfire icedoes notmean itcan beextracted forindustrialindustry use.

8.The worlds populationis increasingat asurprisingsurprise rateand ourenvironment isfacing greatpressure.

9.Nowadays it sthesecond largestlargecity inBulgaria anditsa significanteconomic,educationaland culturalcenter.层级二高

10.Indians startpracticing yogaat avery youngage,so theirbodies areeven strongerstrong.考真题练单句语法填空

1.John Olson,a formerphotographer photographand histeam turnpaintings intofully textured3Dmodels.2022・方斤江6月

2.Cao andWu alsocollected garbagealong theroad,in orderto promoteenvironmental全国甲protectionprotect.2022-

3..Cao believesthis willmake thehiking tripeven moremeaningful meaning.The twoof them•全国甲collected morethan1,000plastic bottlesalong the40day journey.

20224.In thelast fiveyears,Cao haswalked through34countries insix continents,and in2016,he reachedthetop ofKilimanjaro,Africa shighesthigh mountain.2022•全国甲

5.The GPNPs maingoal isto improveconnectivity betweenseparate populationspopulationandhomes ofgiant pandas,and eventuallyeventualachieve adesired levelof populationin thewild.2022・新高考全国I

6.On theday ofthe accident,Mrs Brownwas atwork andEric wasat homewithhisfather.They bothfellasleepsleep whilewatchingTV.2022・新高考全国H

7.When helooked down,he accidentallyaccidentalslippedand fellover theedge.2022・新高考全国II

8.This maybe dueto somedisadvantages forpeople livingin thecountryside,including lowerlowlevelsof ineand education,higher costsof healthyfoods,and fewersports facilities.•浙江月

202119.It iscalculated bydividing apersony spersonweight inkg bytheir heightin meterssquared,and a•浙江月BMI ofbetween19and25is consideredheal thy.20211•全国层级三语篇提能

10.Filled withcuriosity curious,the artistpacked hisbags andleft.2020III练语法填空•浙江月改编20221Kim Cobb,a professorattheGeorgia Instituteof Technologyin Atlanta,isone ofasmall butgrowingminority of

1.academic whoare cuttingback ontheir airtravel becauseof climatechange.Travelling toconferences,lectures,workshops,and thelike-

2.frequent byplane-

3.view asimportantfor scientiststogettogether andexchange information.But Cobband othersare nowquestioning一that ideapushing conferencestoprovidemore chancesto participateremotely andchanging their

4.person behaviorto dotheir partin dealingwith theclimate changecrisis.On awebsite calledNo FlyClimateSci,for example,

5.rough200academics-many ofthem climatescientists-have promisedto flyaslittle

6.possible sincethe effortstarted twoyears ago.Cobb,for herpart,started toask conferenceorganizers whoinvited herto speak

7.she coulddo soremotely；about two

8.three ofthe time,they agreed.When theanswer wasno,she declinedthe

9.invite.That approachbrought Cobb,s airtravel lastyear downby75%,and sheplans tocontinue thepractice.Ithas beenfairly rewarding,“she says—u

10.really positivechange.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文文章介绍了一个由学者团体发起的实践，目的是减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机答案

1.academics解析考查名词复数此句话中前面有所以后面名词应该用复数形式，故填oneof,academics答案

2.frequently解析考查副词此处所填单词应该修饰前面的动名词所以应用副词，故填travelling,frequently o答案

3.is viewed/has beenviewed解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与之间存在被动关系，故填或view isviewed hasbeenviewedo答案

4.personal解析考查形容词此处所填的单词应该修饰后面的名词所以应用形容词形式，故填behavior,personalo。