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【语法详解】定义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式具体如下【语法详解】不定式常用形式
①基本形式to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）t bedone
③进行式（表示主动和进行）to bedoing
④完成时（表不主动和完成）to have done
⑤完成被动式（表示被动和完成）to have been done
⑥完成进行式（表示主动和完成进行）to have been doing语法功能1）主语To mastera foreignlanguage is very important.）表语2My jobis todrive themto thecompany every day.）宾语3Do youwant tovisit the Great Wall Can yougive us some adviceon what to donext）宾补4The teacheradvised usto havea restfirst.I didntnotice themcome in.）定语不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如5Who wasthe firstone toset to the topof thehill yesterday/He isthe man todepend on/to believe in.）状语目的状语6A.She readsChina Dailyevery dayin orderto/so as to/to improveher English.注可以位于句首或句中，不能位于句首in orderto soasto原因状语B.Fm gladto seeyou.结果状语.他们一直活到见到家乡解放C.They livedto seethe liberationof theirhome town△在.结构中表”太…结果不能”,如too…to..He is too weakto do the work.注之前如果有表非常、“很意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意如too only,only tooThey areonly.他们很幸运去国外访问另外，后如果是之类形容词时，不定式也too luckyto goabroad fora visittoo happy,glad表肯定意,如She wastoo happyto meether oldfriend in the street.△在“形容词/副词不定式结构中表足以能如+enough+He isstrong enoughto dothe work.疑问词+不定式可作主语、表语或宾语
4.如（主语）（宾语）How tofinish thework intime is a problem.We dontknow whenand whereto go.不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系
6.）一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制例如1She hopes（在谓语动作之后）to gothere again.（无时间限制）It isnecessary andimportant to read Englisheveryday.（无时间限制）The factoryto makeradios isover there.）完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前2如Im sorryto havekept youwaiting./She seemsto havebeen a teacher formany years.）进行式表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.3如She happenedto bewriting aletter in the room when Icome in.不定式的被动式如
7.What is to bedone isunknown./The bridgeto bebulit thereis verylong.【语法详解】动名词常用形式
①基本形式（表示主动）doing
②被动式（表示被动）being done
③完成式（表示主动和完成）having done
④完成被动式（表示被动和完成）having beendone语法功能作主语.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用的形Your smokingtoo muchwill doharm to your healthsbs式，此句中的不可改为）Your You作宾语I dontlike his/him stayingwith us.作表语（不能改为）My joyis hiswinning thetable—tennis game,his him.在等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就remember,forget,regret,excuse,apologize可以表示完成式的概念如I rememberlending/having lenthim somemoney before.He forgotpromising/having promisedme that./After finishinghis homework,he wentout fora walk.动名词的被动式如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式如The problemis farfrom beingsettled.动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较作主语（）多数情况两者可以互换例如:1Seeing isbelieving.=To seeisto believe.Talking is easy anddoing is difficult.=To talkiseasyand to do isdifficult.⑵如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式例如（愿望）.It tookhim twohours tofinish thework.To be a scientistis hisdesire（）如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词例如3Getting upearly is a goodhabit.作宾语有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多•等begin,start,continue,love,prefer有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有.有些动词后只能跟动名wish,hope,expect,demand,refuse,decide词作宾语，已学过的这类词有finish,imagine,insist on,enjoy,escape,consider,cant help,admit,avoid,mind,miss,（延迟）（）practise,put off=delay,suggest.feel like,look forwardto,devote...to doing,be worth.（）有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有4forget,remember,regret,stop,mean,try,want,need,require,go on忘记要做某事A.forget to do sth.忘记做过某事=forget doing sth.forget having done sth.=forget to havedonesth.记住要做某事记住做过某事B.remember to do sth.remember doing sth.遗憾（要）做某事懊悔做了某事C.regret to do sth.regret doing sth.,停下（原事）去做某事.停止做某事D.stop to do sthstop doingsth【语法详解】现在分词常用形式
①基本形式doing（表示主动和进行）
②被动式（表示被动和进行）being done
③完成式（表示主动和完成）havingdone
④完成被动式（表示被动和完成）having beendone一般主动式用法作定语（）A.The sleepingchild isonly fiveyears old.=The childwho issleeping is.../The girlwriting aletter（）there canspeak Englishvery well.=The girlwho iswriting aletter can...（）The factorymaking TV sets is very large.=The factorywhich makesTVsetsis verylarge.作表语B.The storysounds veryinteresting./The newsis veryexciting.作宾补学用于等动词之后C.see,watch,hear,feel,find,have,keep如We cansee steamrising fromthe wetclothes./I sawTom comingout of the house./Dont keepthe studentsdoinghomework allday.注例如（不可改为）I heardthem singingin theroomwhenI passedit.singing singDo youoften hearthem singin the（不可改为）roomsing singing与的区别前者后者有时表意，有时表（雇用）”have sb.do sth.have sb.doingsth.have=let,have“keep”“employ意如我将让他和我一块去Ill havehim gowith me.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作ril havehim workingin mycompary.,不要让机器整天工作Doift have the machineworking allday作状语D.
①时间状语Reading theletter,I couldnt help thinkingof myschool life.
②原因状语Being ill,I didntgo toschool yesterday.
225、want wouldlike wishhelp hopelearn manageoffer planafford agreearrange askbeg care、、choose decidedemand determineexpect fearprepare pretendpromise refuse.只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的个常用动词
328、、practice considerenjoy finishgive upimagine keepput offrisk suggestadmit adviseallow appreciate、、avoid delaydeny discussdislike escapeexcuse fancyforbid mentionmind misspermit prohibit,既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的个动词48记住要做某事（未做）,记得做过某事（已做）remember to do sth.remember doingsth忘记去做某事（未做）忘记做过某事（已做）forget to do sth.forget doingsth.遗憾要做某事（未做）后悔/抱歉做过某事（己做）regret to do sth.regret doingsth.,努力做某事.尝试做某事try to do sthtry doingsth计戈做某事意味着做某事mean todo sth.ij meandoingsth..不能帮助做某事.情不自禁做某事cant helptodo sth cant help doingsth.继续做另一件事go ontodo sth.继续做同一件事go ondoingsth停下来去做另一件事停下正在做的事情stop todo sth.stop doingsth..所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如、、和5to havedone to havebeendone tohavebeendoing havingdonehaving beendoneo【经典练】
1.Its verykind youothers whentheyre inneed.A.for;to helpB.of;to helpC.for;helping D.of;helping
2.An oldman on the sideoftheroad wasfound,and hewas sentto thehospital bythe busdriver andpassengersimmediately.A.lies;dies B.lay;died C.lain;dead D.lying;dying
3.The paintingis reallyvaluable to him.He will never agreeit.A.sell B.sells C.sold D.to sell
4.His cousinis ahumorous man.He makesus all the time.A.laughs B.laughing C.to laughD.laugh
5.,—Would you like shoppingwith me一Sorry,I feel like thebook at home.A.to go;read B.to go;reading C.going;to readD.going;reading
6.The newyear iscoming.Teachers encourageus newhobbies.A.develop B.developing C.to developD.developed
7.Mr.Brown toldhis sonnot thepaintings inthe museum.A.touch B.to touchC.touching D.touched
8.-----How isyour grandma------Shes fine.She usedto TVathomeafter supper.But nowshe isusedtoout fora walk.A.watch;go B.watching;go C.watching;going D.watch;going
9.Look!The childrenare havinga greattime asnowman inthe snow.A.make B.makes C.making D.tomake
1.The teacher I willnever forget is Mr.Wang,my primaryschool mathteacher..年龄、外貌、喜好、性格方面:2Mr.Wang is30years old.He isof mediumbuild andhasshort hair.He likessports andhe isgood atplaying basketball.He isvery patientand is neverangry withus..典型事例3I stillremember onemorning whileI wascopying mydeskmate*s mathhomework,Mr.Wang cameinto theclassroom.I wasso afraidthat I didnt knowwhat介绍人物todo at that time.To mysurprise,he wasnt angry with me.Instead,he toldme copying homework wasn*tgoodfor meand thenhe saidhe couldhelp me if I neededhelp.I wasso movedthat Idecided notto copyanyones homeworkanymore.From thenon,I didmy homeworkby myself.And withhis help,I madegreat progressin math.I willnever forgetMr.Wang.I hopehe willbe happyand healthyinthefuture.结束语■范文The teacherI willnever forgetTheteacherI willnever forgetisMr.Wang,my primaryschool mathteacher.Mr.Wang is30years old.He isofmedium buildand hasshort hair.He likessports andhe isgood atplaying basketball.He isvery patientandisnever angrywithus.I stillremember onemorning whileI wascopying mydeskmates mathhomework,Mr.Wang cameinto theclassroom.I wasso afraidthat Ididnt knowwhattodoatthattime.To mysurprise,he wasn*tangrywithme.Instead,hetold mecopyinghomeworkwasnt goodfor meand thenhe saidhe couldhelpmeifIneededhelp.I wasso movedthat Idecided notto copyanyones homeworkanymore.From thenon,Ididmy homeworkby myself.And withhishelp,I madegreat progressin math.I willneverforgetMr.Wang.I hopehe willbe happyand healthyin thefuture.我永远不会忘记的老师我永远不会忘记的老师是王老师，我的小学数学老师王老师今年岁他中等身材，留着短发他喜30欢运动，擅长打篮球他很有耐心，从不生我们的气我还记得一天早上，当我抄同桌的数学作业时，王先生走进了教室我当时非常害怕，不知道该怎么办令我惊讶的是，他并没有生我的气相反，他告诉我抄作业对我不好，然后他说如果我需要帮助，他可以帮助我我非常感动，决定不再抄袭任何人的作业从那时起，我自己做家庭作业在他的帮助下，我在数学上取得了很大进步我永远不会忘记王先生我希望他单元小结04将来快乐健康Section A重点单词
1.survey n.调查标准，水平
2.standard n.一排，一歹一行
3.row c.n.U,键盘式，电子乐器，键盘
4.keyboard c.n.方法，措施
5.method c.n.指示，命令
6.instruction c.n.指令，命令指导者instruct v.instructor课文，文本
7.text c.n.水平，等级
8.level c.n/u.n..加倍，是…的两倍两倍的，加倍的
9.double vadj.级别或地位高的
10.senior adj.体贴人的，关心他人的
11.caring adj.more-most-祝贺
12.congratulate v.n.congratulation克月艮，战月生
13.overcome v.overcame,overcome将要，将会
14.shall modal.v
二、重点短语特别的回忆
1.special memories满足…的要求
2.meet thestandards of...这群朋友
3.this groupof friends连续做…
4....in arow建议某人做…
5.advise sb.todo...教学方式
6.teaching methods明确的指示
7.clear instructions指导某人做…
8.guide sb.todo...的主题
10.morning readings战胜恐惧
11.overcome fear回望…
12.look backat...弄得一团乱
13.make amess保持淡定
14.keep onescool高中
15.senior highschool时间逝去，过去
16.go by英语水平
17.English level发音有困难
18.have problemswith pronunciationSectionB
一、重点单词学位，度数,程度
1..degree c.n.经理，经营者
2.manager c.n.先生,名中土
3.gentleman c.n.gentlemen pl.典礼,仪式
4.ceremony c.n.ceremonies pl.任务，工作
5.task c.n.翅膀，翼
6.wing c.n..单独的，分离的分开，分离
7.separate adjv.u.n.separation毕业，获得学位毕业生
8.graduate v.c.n.毕业graduation n..体贴人的，关心他人的
9.caring adjmore-most-级别或地位高的
10.senior adj.渴望的，口渴的.渴，口渴渴望，渴求
11.thirsty adj.thirstier thirstiestthirst nv.感谢的，感激的
12.thankful adj.v.thank thank you=thanks pl.thankfully adv.有责任心的
13.responsible adj.责任心responsibility n.pl.responsibilities最后最后的持续
14.lastly adv.last adj.v.向前面,在前面
15.ahead adv.获得商业学位相信
1.get abusiness degree
5.believe in
2.be thirstyfor...对…充满渴望
6.make mistakesalong theway——路犯错对…负责踏上各自的路
3.be responsiblefbr...
7.go yourseparate way踏上新的旅程
4.set outon yournew journey
二、重点短语:高中时间逝去，过去
14.senior highschool
15.go by英语水平发音有困难
16.English level
17.have problemswith pronunciation获得商业学位相信
18.get abusiness degree
19.believein对…充满渴望一路犯错
20.be thirstyfor...
21.make mistakesalong theway
22.be responsiblefor...对.・,负责
23.go yourseparate way踏上各自的路踏上新的旅程
24.set outon yournew journey句回我记得在年级见过你们所有人
1.1remember meetingall of you inGrade
7.
725.Someone wasadvised totake abreak fromrunning byateacher.有人被老师建议不要跑步，休息一下
26.Which teacherswill youmiss themost afterjunior highschool,Clara初中毕业后你最想念哪个老师？无论多么难
27.She helpedyou towork outthe answersyourself no matter howdifficult theywere.的问题她总是帮助你自己算出答案
28.He alwaystook thetime toexplain thingsto meclearly whenever I couldntundersta anything.每当我不能理解的时候，他总是花时间把事情对我解释清楚
29.Because ofher,I putmore effortand myexam scoresdoubled.因为她，我付出更多努力，所以我的考试分数翻倍提高无数个小时的训练战胜恐惧后脸
30.The manylong hoursof training.Pride ofovercoming fear.上的豪气
31.First ofall,Id liketo congratulateall thestudents whoare heretoday.首先，我要祝贺今天在这里所有的学生但今天我
32.But todayI seea roomfull oftalented youngadults whoare fullof hopefor thefuture.看到一屋子充满天赋的并对未来充满希望的年青人在过去
33.Although youveall workedvery hardover thelast threeyears,none ofyou didit alone.的三年里虽然你们已经非常的努力，但是你们中谁也不是独自就能成功的
34.Please considerwhat theyvedone foryou andwhat theymean toyou.请认真考虑他们为你们所做的，想想他们对你们意味着什么
34.1don*t needto tell you thatlife insenior highschool willbe harderthat youhave manydifficult我不需要告诉你们高中的生活会更加艰苦，在你们的面前有许多困难的任tasks aheadofyou.务
13.Behind eachdoor youopen arechances tolearn newthings,and youhave theability toI.你们打开的每扇门的后面是你们学习新鲜事物的make yourown choices机会，你们有能力做出自己的选择
14.Choose wiselyand beresponsible foryour decisionsand actions.Although youhave togo yourseparate waynow,I hopethat in a few yearstime,youUl comeback tovisit ourschool.明智的选择并对自己的决定和行为负责虽然现在你们不得不踏上分手之路，但我希望几年以后你们能回来参观我们的学校
2.no matter how的用法【教材原句1She helpedyou towork outthe answersyourself no matterhowdifficult theywere.【句型剖析】no matterhow意为“无论怎样，相当于however,引导让步状语从句不论我们离你多远，我们都会想念你No matterhow farwe arefrom you,we willmiss you.【知识拓展】疑问词”结构”no matter等引导让步状语从句时，可与等转换no matterwho/what/when whoever,whatever,whenever不管谁敲门，都不要开门No matterwho/Whoever knocks,dont open the door.无论你何时抵达，打给我No matterwhen youarrive,call me.无论你怎么想,他是个好人No matterwhat youthink,hesa niceperson.无论有多难,都别放弃No matterhow harditis,don,t give up.【经典练】difficult itis.A.no matterwhat B,no matterwhereWe willnever give up studying,C,nomatterhow D.nomatterwhen【写作佳句】No matterhow hardI tried,I stillcouldnt dowellinit andalmost gaveit up.
3.shall的用法【教材原句】Shall weget eachof thema cardand giftto saythank you我们给他们每人一张卡片和一份礼物来表示感谢，好吗？【句型剖析】
（1）shall的主语必须是第一人称I或we,句型”Shalll/we...”表示建议或征求对方意见，意为“我/我们可以……吗？”或”……好吗？”对此类表建议的句型作肯定回答时，常用Goodidea./Sure./Certainly./Yes,lefs...H等我把窗户打开，把门关上，好吗？Shall Iopenthewindow andclose thedoor
（2）作情态动词，意为”将要；将会”，其后接动词原形，表示一般将来时，用在陈述句中时其主语shall必须是第一人称下周我就在苏格兰了Next weekT shallbe inScotland.【经典练】-we gotothecinema tonight——Im afraidI cantI have tohavemy pianolesson.A.Need B.Must C.Can D.Shall考点
4.whenever的用法【教材原句1He alwaystook thetime toexplain thingsto meclearly wheneverI couldntunderstandanything.【句型剖析】take thetime todosth.表示花费时间做某事；explain sth.to sb.表示”给某人解释某事.我们的英语老师经常花费时间给我们解释课文Our Englishteacher often,takes thetime toexplain thetext tous作连词或副词，具体用法如下whenever作连词，意为“任何时候,不论何时例如1Come wheneveryoulike.你什么时候想来就来作连词，意为“每当、每逢、每次例如2Whenever weseehimwe speaktohim.每次见到他，我们都和他说话You seemtohavea ready-made answer,wheneverIask youa question.每逢我问你问题，你总好像有现成的答案作副词，意为“任何时间任何时候，例如3On Monday,Wednesday orwhenever.星期一，星期三或随便什么时候Its noturgent,sowe candoit nextweek orwhenever.不是急事，我们可以下星期做或其他时候做作副词，意为“究竟什么时候”例如4Whenever didyou buythat那你到底是什么时候买的？【经典练】As adriver,we shouldobey thetraffic ruleswe driveontheroad.A.wherever B.whenever C.whatever D.however【写作佳句】Whenever Imeet adifficulty,ril lookup inreference booksor searchfbr ananswer online..考点
5.shall的用法【教材原句】Shall weget eachof thema cardand gifttosaythankyou【句型剖析】shall modalH将要；将会shall用于第一人称，表示“将来，将会”；用在问句中表示征求对方意见，主要用于第
一、第二人称；用于陈述句中的第
二、第三人称，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等明年我就三十岁了I shallbe thirtynext year.你明天可以将它拿回You shallhave itback tomorrow..他必须躺在床上He shallstay inbed【经典练】—Shall wego swimmingA.Thanks.B.Good idea.C.Lets goswimming.D.Yes.・点6，“用法【教材原句】rm tryingto keepmy cool.【句型剖析】cool作名词，表示“冷静”keep one^cool意为“保持沉着，不让自己失去控制”例如:Even whenyou argue,you shouldtry tokeep yourcool.即使在争辩时，你也要尽力保持冷静【拓展】用作名词时，还可意为“凉爽；凉爽的时间或地方广例如lcool她走入了凉爽的过道She walkedinto thecool ofthe hallway.用作形容词时，意为“凉爽的；冷静的，沉着的“，常做定语或表语例如2coolThe hallis niceand cool.大厅既漂亮又凉爽Be cool.Everything willbe allright.冷静一点，一切都会没问题的也可用于口语中,意为“很棒的，极好的，酷”例如:3coolThat singingstar isreally cool.那位歌星实在很棒【经典练】一It isreported thatthe threeShenzhou XIVastronauts returnedto Earthsuccessfully.—!Im soproud ofthem.A.Its OKB.Thats coolC.Its apity D.Thats noexcuse【写作佳句】As fbrthe weather,its alittle hotin Beijingin summer,so pleasebring somecool clothes.［教材原句］Please considerwhat theyvedone fbryou andwhat theymean toyou.考点
7.consider的用法【句型剖析】consider作动词，意为“考虑，认为”它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语例如:请考虑我的建议Please considermy suggestion.你为什么不考虑去青岛参观？Why dontyou considervisiting QingDao我认为他是一个自私的人I considerthat heisaselfish man.【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳完成，实践，值得，忙；finish,practice,be worth,be busy考虑，建议，不禁，想；consider,suggest,canthelp,feellike继续，喜欢,（要）介意keep on,enjoy,mind错过,习惯，另！放弃；J miss,beusedto,giveup【经典练】B,keeping C,keeps D.to keepA.keep【写作佳句】Peter considersa petdog sothat hewont feellonely athome.Second,I willkeep watchingEnglish moviesand itis consideredtobethe bestway tolearn aboutWestern culture.【教材原句】First ofall,Id liketo congratulateallthestudents whoare heretoday.考点
8.First ofall的用法【句型剖析】first ofall意为“首先，第一”常常放在句首，后用逗号隔开，表示重要性上的先后例如:First ofall,let metellyouthe news.首先，让我告诉你这个消息【拓展】at first意为“开始，起初”，强调顺序上的先后例如At first,let meintroduce myfriend Miketoyou.Then...首先，我来给你介绍一下我的朋友然后……Mike,At firsthe refusedto acceptany responsibilitybut heended upapologizing.最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉【经典练】,please writedown yourname andphone number.A.At themoment B.First ofallC.Every dayD.From nowon【写作佳句】First ofall,Canton Toweris sogrand andbeautiful especiallyintheevening thatyou can*thelpbeing fascinatedby it.考点
9.although的用法【教材原句1Although youhavetogo yourseparate waysnow,I hopethat ina fewyears time,youll comeback tovisitour school.【句型剖析】although的意思是”尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句虽然他是个小孩子,但是他知道很多Although heisalittle child,he knowsa lot.引导的是宾语从句，作动词的宾语that hope我希望有一天我能够去参观长城I hopethat Ican visittheGreatWall someday.inafewyears5time的意思是“在未来几年的时间里“，采用了in+一段时间”结构，在句中作状语,主句使用一般将来时五个小时后我将离开Iwillleave infive hours.【经典练】He doesntgiveupEnglish itisdifficultenough forhim.A.although B.if C.so【写作佳句】Although Icouldnt swimvery well,I wasvery happy..口考点
1.Don,t+别站起来Dont standup.别粗心Dont becareless.别让他们玩火Dont letthem playwith fire.动词原形
2.Let*sletsb+not+对于这件事，咱们什么也别说Lets notsay anythingabout it.别让他们玩火Let themnot playwith fire..在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用名词形式结构，表示禁止做某事3No+/V-ing禁止拍照！NO PHOTOS!⑷.在动词引起的肯定祈使句前加构成其它成分Be Doni,Don,t be+.不要粗心Dont becareless【经典练】others andyou willfeel happyatthesame time.A.Help B.To helpC.Helping D.Helped【教材原句1Behind eachdoor youopen arechances tolearn newthings,andyouhave theability tomake yourownchoice.【句型剖析】you openv是省略that/which引导的定语从句此句为倒装句，原句顺序为主语为属于复Chances tolearn newthings arebehind eachdoor youopen,chances数形式，因此动词用倒装句起强调作用，强调主语be are,chances固搭:意为“有能力做某事”havetheability todosth.【经典练】一Rome wasntbuilt inone day.Only byhard workthe satisfyingresults.一Thats right.I cantagree withyou more.A.wecanget B.can weget C.get we【写作佳句】Only inthis waycan webecome agood Chineselearner.素养提升03一.语法精讲——非谓语动词非谓语动词知识点定义与结构01。
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