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考点动词的被动语态14高考频度★★★★★【命题解读】动词的语态是历年高考的重点,也是高考的必考点高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查,动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点【命题预测】预计年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在,考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主,2018很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查【复习建议】掌握被动语态的基本时态变化;
1.掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式;
2.掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况;
3.掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况
4.知识网络常用被动语常用被动语序号构成序号构成态态一般现在时过去进行时1am/is/are asked6was/were beingasked过去时现在完成时2was/were asked7have/has beenasked一般将来时过去完成时3shall/will beasked8had beenaskedshould/would bewill/would have been过去将来时将来完成时49asked askedam/is/are being含有情态动词can/must/may beasked现在进行时510asked的被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加短语动词的被动态不可漏not,注意事掉其中介副词固定结构变为被动态时,只be goingto,used to,have to,had better项需将其后的动词变为被动态如题组三体验真题【解析】考查被动语态,此处表示过去的被动,故填
1.were usedwere used【解析】考查动词的时态和语态根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时
2.was told/has beentold或现在完成时的被动形式,又因主语是第三人称单数,故填Sarah wastold/has beentoldo【解析】题目考查时态和语态句意学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)一定会得到
3.D回报根据句意可知,回报是将来要发生的事情,应该用将来时;和是被动关系,应efforts reward该使用被动语态,故选D【解析】考查时态语态句意正如报道的那样,在未来几年将做出的努力,以加速供给结构改革的
4.B速度本句的时间状语在未来的几年里”和将来时连用,且与动词构“in theyears aheadefforts make成被动关系,所以使用被动语态所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式,故正确B【解析】考查时态和语态根据句意可知,作者是被允许走近这些动物,
5.was allowedbe allowedto dosth被允许做某事”【解析】考查时态和语态本句的时间状语时(最近几年来),该时间
6.has beenregarded inrecent years状语常和现在完成时连用,且句子的主语和动词之间构成被动关系,所以要用现在完成时stress regard的被动语态形式has beenregardedo【解析】句意大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,
7.is lovedThe giantpanda是单数第三人称形式,故填is loved夏天不应该种树Trees shouldnot beplanted insummer.这个男孩被他的同学取笑The boywas madefun ofby hisclassmates.报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里Newspapers usedto besent hereby thelittle girl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示如It isbelieved that...It isgenerally consideredthat...It issaid that...It iswell knownthat...It must be pointedout that...It issupposed that...It isreported that...It mustbe admittedthat...It ishoped that...卜面主动形式常表不被动意义如The windowwants/needs/requires repairing.The bookis worthreading twice.The doorwont shut./The playwont act.The clotheswashes well./Thebook sellswell.The dishtastes delicious./Water feelsvery cold.下面词或短语没有被动态leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to,take place,break out,come about,agree with,keep upwith,等等consist of,have on,lose heartzx.xk]考向一被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由过去分词构成,随时态的变be+be化而变化以为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为do现在过去将来过去将来体is/am/are一般was/were donewill/shall be done would/should be donedoneis/am/are was/were being进行//being done donehave/has beenwill/shall havewould/should have been完成had beendonedone beendonedone被动语态的特殊结构形式()带情态动词的被动结构其形式为情态动词+过去分词1be+The babyshould betaken goodcare ofby thebaby-sitter.()有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语2仍然保留在谓语后面通常变为主语的是间接宾语His mothergave hima presentfor hisbirthday.可改为He was given apresent byhis motherfor hisbirthday.()当”动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动3Someone caughtthe boysmoking acigarette.可改为The boywas caught smoking acigarette.()在使役动词以及感官动词等4have,make,get see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加toSomeone sawa strangerwalk into the building.可改为A strangerwas seento walkintothebuilding.()有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如”动词+介词”,”动词+副词”等,也可5以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开其中的介词或副词也不能省略The meetingis to be putoff tillFriday.粪例制折(•北京卷•单项填空)
1.2017ln the1950s in the USA,most familieshad justone phoneat home,and wirelessphones yet.A.haven t invented B.haven tbeen inventedC.hadn,tinventedD.hadn tbeen invented【答案】D【解析】句意在美国世纪年代的时候,大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话,并且无线电话还根本没有2050发明出来根据句意可知用被动语态,排除和事情发生在过去,与现在无关,不用现在完成时,排除A C,B,故选过去完成时的被动语态D,(天津卷•单项填空)
2.2017•Nowadays,cycling,along withjogging andswimming,as oneof thebest all-round formsof exercise.A.regard B.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards【答案】B【解析】句意现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一根据动词短语regard,as...0E……看做……和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除和由介词短语连接的三个名词作主语,谓语动词A D;along wifli应该就前一致,即用单数,排除故选C B•新课标卷•语法填空
3.2017I Whenfat andsalt64remove fromfood,the foodtastesas ifis missingsomething.【答案】are removed【解析】考查被动语态句意当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉分析可知和之间是被动关系,fat,salt move脂肪和盐分是两种东西,且是被人们去掉,所以用被动语态故填are removedo考向二不能用被动语态的几种情况所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态
1.1表示状态的谓语动词,如、等2last holdbenefit containequal fit表示归属的动词,如、、等3have ownbelongto表示希望、意图”的动词,如、、、、等4wish wanthope likelove hate宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态5考向三主动形式表被动意义的情况系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词等在主系表结构1feel,sound,taste,book,feel中常以主动形式表示被动意义当等词带状语修饰2cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep语时;当、、等动词词组表示”发生、关3break outtake placeshut offturn offwork out闭、制定”等意思时;后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义4want,require,need用主动形式表示被动含义5be worthdoing在”形容词中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动6be++todo”另外受谴责,出租也用主动形式表被动be toblame beto rent典例制折As timewent on,Einsteins theoryto becorrect.A.proved B.provesC.is provedD.was proved【答案】A【解析】句意随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的证明是“,这里用作连系动词,要用prove”主动形式表被动含义,故选A【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用有人称、时、数变bedone,be完成时态被动将加中间have done,been一般将来被动变为shall willdo,do bedone将来进行无被动,shall will be doingo现在完成进行同,have has been doingo现、过进行被动加be doing,be beingdone情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变否定助后加疑问一助置主前not,主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前一般情助加双宾多将间宾变bedone,复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变注释
①”有人称、时、数变”即有人称、时态和单、复数的变化be be
②情助”是指情态动词和助动词等一律随新主must,may,can,shall,will语多是主动句中的宾语来变化
③”疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前检测训练题组一基础过关用被动语态的形式完成下列句子
1.Dont be nervous,and theywill tellyou where to sit.f Dontbenervous,and youwheretosit bythem.
2.People refersto Californiaas theGolden State.f Californiaas theGolden Stateby people.
3.In orderto stop the air pollution,the governmenthave takena lot of measures.f Alotofmeasures bythe governmentin ordertostoptheairpollution.
4.We arediscussing howto spendthe summerholidays now.f Howto spendthe summerholidays now.
5.Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting,so herstudents respecther.f MissLicanmakeherclasslivelyandinteresting,so sheby herstudents.
6.Two whaleshavewash upon thebeach.
7.Tom wascaughtsmokingin school,and hepunishfor it.
8.If youleave theclub,you______________________________________________________notallow backin.题组二能力提升单项填空
1.1got caughtin therain onmy wayhome andmy newsuit.A.has ruinedB.had ruinedC.had beenruined D.has beenruined
2.Now all the employeesexcept themanager towork onlineat home.A.encourages B.encourageC.is encouragedD.are encouraged
3.He everywherefor materialsand finallyhis effortspaid off.The medicineto bevery effective.A.looked;was provedB.explored;was provedC.sought;has provedD.hunted;was proving一
4.Whats thatnoise—Oh,I forgetto tellyou.The newmachine.A.is testingB.was beingtestedC.is beingtested D.hasbeentested
5.The planfor XionganNew Areaofficially onApril1,
2017.A.announced B.was announcedC.announces D.is announced
6.Ann acertificate at the endof theprogram toshow shehas learnedcomputer skills.A.will giveB.will begivenC.gave D.wasgiven
7.Martin LutherKing demandedthat peopleof allraces.A.were equallytreated B.should treatequallyC.be equallytreated D.are givingequal rights
8.Different typesof teasby skilledtea-tasters beforeappearing inthe TeaTrade Centre.A.are tastedB.were tastedC.tasted D.have tasted一
9.Do youthink hecan winthe prizefor therace—Impossible now.He todo so,but hehas justhad hisright leghurt.A.has expectedB.is expectedC.would expectD.was expected
10.Today,the forestshave almostgone.People mustdown toomany trees.A.stop to cut B.stop from cuttingC.be stoppedtocutD.be stoppedfromcutting题组三体验真题•新课标卷•语法填空
1.2017II Steamengines65use topull thecarriages andit musthave beenfairlyfairunpleasant forthe passengers,with allthe smokeand noise.•新课标卷•语法填空
2.2017III Sarah63tell thatshe couldbe Britainsnew supermodelearning amilliondollars inthe nextyear.•北京卷.单项填空
3.2016The studentshavebeenworking hardon theirlessons andtheir effortswith successinthe end.A.rewarded B.were rewardedC.will rewardD.willbe rewarded•江苏卷•单项填空
4.2016More efforts,as reported,intheyears aheadto acceleratethe supply-side structuralreform.zx*xk]A.are madeB.will bemade C.are beingmade D.have beenmade
5.2016•全国新课标卷I・语法填空So itwas agreat honourtobeinvited backstageatthenot-for-profit PandaBase,where ticketmoney helpspay forresearch,I62allow toget upclose tothese cuteanimals atthe600-acrecentre.•上海卷.语法填空
6.2016In recentyears,stress33regard asa causeof awhole rangeof medicalproblems,from highblood pressureto mentalillness.四川卷.语法填空
7.2016•The giantpanda41love bypeople throughoutthe world.答案解析,题组一基础过关用被动语态的形式完成下列句子l.willbetold
2.is referredto
3.havebeentaken
4.is beingdiscussed
5.is respected
6.been washed
7.was punished
8.will notbe allowed题组二能力提升单项填空【解析】考查动词时态句意我在回家的路上淋了雨,新衣服被毁了与的关系是被动关系,
1.D mysuit ruin要用被动语态;从题意可知,我的衣服是过去弄湿了,现在还是湿的,用现在完成时态;主语my newsuit是第三人称单数故选D【解析】考查时态和语态句意目前,除了经理外,所有的员工都被鼓励可以在家里在网上工作主语
2.D是谓语用复数;与之间是被动关系故选alltheemployees,encourage D【解析】考查动词辨析;时态和语态句意他到处寻找材料,最后他的努力得到了回报这种药被证明是3c非常有效的是不及物动词,’看”的也是;探索;探测;打猎;搜索在此是look explorehunt prove系动词,“证明是;发现为市的意思,不用于被动,后面跟形容词或结构故选tbe…C【解析】考查时态和语态句意一一这个噪音是什么?一一我忘记告诉你了新的洗衣机正在被检测
1.1根据问句而可知,新的机器正在被检测所以,本句要用现在进行时的被动语态故选“WWCthatn ePCo【解析】考查时态和语态主语是与谓语动词之间是被动关系,
1.8The planfor XionganNew Area,announce时间状语是年月号,所以用一般过去时的被动语态201741【解析】考查时态和语态句意在这个项目结束的时候,将会给一个证书以表
1.9Ann明她已经学会了计算机技能由句意可知,和之间是被动关系,且“给她证书”Ann give是这个项目结束时才会发生的事,故要用将来时态故选项正确B【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态句意马丁路德金要求所有种族的人被平等对待后面的宾
7.C demand语从句用虚拟语气,谓语用可以省略,而且和是被动关系,故选should do,should peopleof allraces treatCo【解析】考查时态语态句意在出现在茶叶交易中心之前,不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝和
8.A teastaste是被动关系,而且这句话表示客观事实,用一般现在时故选A【解析】考查时态、语态句意你认为他能在跑步比赛中获奖吗?现在几乎不可能
9.D了,他曾有希望获奖,但是他刚刚弄伤了右腿与之间是被动关系,而且这一动作发生在过He expect去,应该用一般过去时的被动语态,故项正确D【解析】考查动词语态和动词的用法是固定用法,意为“阻止某人做某事“;又
10.D stopsb.from doingsth.因主语和之间是动宾关系,所以此处应选People stopD。