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情态动词的意义和用法和d.will would和可用于其次人称疑问句,表示请求和建议等l.will would比委婉客气would willwill you havesome tea你喝点茶,好吗?will youshare yourhappiness withus你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗?would youpass thisbook to the studentin thelast row请你把这本书传给最终一排的学生好吗?必背表示请求和建议的答复willwould you...确定答复是的,请yes,please.当然可以certainly.当然了sure.好啊!all right.否认答复对不起,不行im sorry,i cant.的you areher mother,you ought to lookafter her.你是她的母亲,你应当照管她(是道义上的责任,不能和互换)shouldwe shouldencourage himfor weare hisclassmates.我们应当鼓舞他,我们是他的同班同学啊!提示表示“义务〃时,我们在口语中可以用或had betterbe来代替和supposed toshould ought toif youare notwell,you hadbetter askalice togoinstead.假如你担心适,你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去im supposedto bethere at8oclock.我应当八点到那里g.used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但此时此l.used to刻已不存在he used to drinktea but now hedrinks coffee.他过去总是喝茶但此时此刻他喝咖啡了(强调此时此刻不喝茶了)i knowwhere there used to be ariver here.我知道这儿以前哪里有条河(此时此刻没有河了)when iwas achild ididnt useto like tomatoes.我小时候不宠爱吃西红柿he isnot whathe used to be.他已不是原来的他了where didyou useto livebefore youcame here来此之前你住在什么地方和的用法区分
2.would used to表示过去与此时此刻或过去某时与后来的
①usedto状况有不同,强调“现已无此习惯了〃,而只表示would过去的状况,与此时此刻无关他年轻时总是吸许多烟(不含有和此时此刻比拟,when hewas young,he wouldsmoke alot.此时此刻他或许还在抽,或许不抽了)he usedto livein the country,butnowhe livesin the他过去住在乡下,此时此刻住在城里city.可表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而
②usedtowould只表示过去的习惯动作kate usedto bevery thin.以前凯特特殊瘦thereusedto bea buildingat thestreet corner,but ithasbeen pulleddown.街道拐角处过去有座楼房,此时此刻拆了(不用)would可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态,而表示
③usedtowould过去的习惯动作时,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语【误】we wouldplay hide-and-seek inthe fields.【正】we usedto playhide-and-seek inthe fields.我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏【正】whenever wewere inthecountry,we wouldplayhide-and-seek inthe fields.每当我们在乡下,我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏不,不行no,thank you.
2.will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心,用于各种不,不行no,i wont.人称陈述句i willdo anythingfor you.我愿为你做任何事i willnever tellyou thesecret.我恒久不会告知你这个隐私none isso blindas thosewho wontsee.不愿看的人眼睛最瞎they wouldnot lethim inbecause hewas poorlydressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧和可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作
3.will wouldwill表示此时此刻的习惯动作,表示过去的习惯动作wouldhe willsurf theinternet everynight.他每天晚上都在上网the boywill sitthere hourafter hourlooking atthetraffic goby.那男孩时时坐在那儿好几个钟头,看着车辆行人通过he wouldbe nervouswhen hemet strangers.遇见生疏人时他总是很惊惶in classhe wouldask somesilly questions,and hisclassmateswould laughat him.课上,他总是问一些蠢问题,他的同学们总是讪笑他可表示固执坚持,这时不行运用中的简洁形
4.will will式用于非人称主语时,表示物体的固有性质和倾向i willtake thejob,and noone canstop me.我就要这个工作,没有人可阻挡我he wontdo whathes told.他就是不愿按所嘱咐的去做the windowwont open.窗子打不开this glasswill notcrack underheavy pressure.这种玻璃在重压下也不会裂开表示将来时间时,不行用于条件状语从句,但表
5.will will示意愿或决心时,可用于条件状语从句if youwill readthe book,ill lendit toyou.假如你情愿读这本书,我会把它借给你if youwill giveup smoking,your healthwill improve.假如你情愿把烟戒掉的话,你的安康状况就会好转和可表示推论或推想
6.will wouldthepatient tookthe sleepingpills anhour ago.he willbeasleep now.病人一小时前吃的安眠药,此时此刻应当睡着了it wouldbe aboutten whenhe lefthome.他大约在十点钟离开的家i thoughthe wouldhave toldyou aboutit.我认为他已告知你此事it wouldbe rainingwhen shewent home.她回家时可能正在下雨比拟…表示邀请would youlike…表示习惯do youlike-----do youlike goinggo the cinema你宠爱看电影吗?-----yesj go tothecinema alot.是的,我常常去看电影-----would youliketogotothecinematonight今日晚上去看电影好吗?-----yesjd loveto.特殊乐意和e.shall should
1.shall
①表示征询看法或请求指示,用于
一、三人称疑问句shall icarry itfor you我来帮你搬它,好吗shall wesing asong我们唱一支歌,好吗shall theywait outside让他们在外面等吗?shall thewaiter bringmeals toyour room要效劳员把饭送到你房间去吗?提示shall iopen thewindow我翻开窗子好吗?willyouopen thewindow你翻开窗子好吗?shall heopen thewindow他翻开窗子好吗?
②表示说话人的意愿,有〃叮嘱、承诺、警告、决心〃等意思,用于其次、三人称陈述句中you shalldo asi say.按我说的做(叮嘱)he shallbe sorryfor itone day,i tellyou.我告知你,总有一天他会后悔的(警告)you shallfall behindin yourexam ifyou keepplaying.假如你始终玩,你就会在考试中落后nothing shallstop usfrom carryingout theplan.什么也阻挡不了我们执行这项准备(决心)he shallhave thebook wheni finishreading.我看完这本书就给他看(承诺)i shalldo myhomework afterreading thisstory book.读完这本故事书后我就做作业
2.should
①表示义务,意为〃应当(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称children shouldobey theirparents.儿童应当听从他们的父母one shouldnt be selfish.人千万别自私customers whoget badservice shouldcomplain,shouldnt they没有得到满意效劳的顾客应当埋怨,不是吗?
②常与what,等词连用,表示意外、惊异等心情how,whyhow shouldi know我怎么会知道呢why shouldi fear我为什么会害怕?what shouldshe dobut cryfor help除了呼救外,她还能干什么?i dontknow whyyou shouldthink idid it.我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的
③表示对过去、此时此刻或将来状况的某种推想,可译为〃可能、照说应当〃it should be finetomorrow.明天可能天是晴天he shouldbe takinga bathnow.他可能在洗澡its nearlyseven oclock,jack shouldbe hereat anymoment.已经快七点了,杰克随时都可能到这儿the filmshouldbevery goodas itis starringfirst-classactors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好
④表示对此时此刻或以前的动作的指责、指责(应做的事却没做)the boysshouldntbeplaying football,they shouldbe atschool.这些男孩子不应当在踢足球,他们应当在上课you shouldnthave enteredthe teachersoffice withoutpermission.没有允许你们不应当进老师办公室f.ought to表示义务,意为〃应当”(因责任、义务而该做),口气L比稍重shouldwe ought to defendour country.我们应当保卫我们的国家(每一个公民应尽的义务)you ought to respectyour parents.你应当敬重你的父母oughtnt weto doeverything possibleto stoppollution莫非我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗?.表示推想,暗含很大的可能,可译为〃应当是,会是〃2prices oughtto comedown soon.价格可能会很快下跌han meioughttoknow histelephone number.韩梅该知道他的电话号码theres a fine sunset;it oughtto beafineday tomorrow.今日有晚霞,明天应当是个好天和一样,表示对此时此刻或以前应做的
3.oughttoshould事却没做的指责、指责you oughttobewashing yourclothes,why areyouplaying ping-pong你应当在洗衣服(可是你没洗)为什么你在打乒乓球?you oughtto havehanded inthe exerciselast week.你上周就应当交练习(可你没交,含指责的意思)he oughtto haveasked mebefore hetook mybike.他在用我自行车之前应当和我讲一声与的比拟
4.oughttoshould和的含义较近,但不完全一样oughttoshould ought表示〃应当〃,是从〃义务〃或〃按理推断〃的角度来讲to的那么是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲should。