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第讲名校高中自主招生阅读表达（阅读回答问题）03❖考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接说明名校高中自主招生系列，试题由名校老师精心撰稿，均有答案详细解析；部分试题有一定难度，供参考、选用以解题技巧~此类题型不仅要求考生读懂文章，还要求考生能够用自己的语言简要地回答有关问题；既考查考生的阅读理解能力，也考查考生的英语表达能力和概括能力另外，对考生的拼写能力、语法掌握能力也提出了一定的要求，再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，加大了做题的难度要想取得较好的成绩，好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的本题型答题应注意以下五点
一、在答题前，先快速浏览短文之后的问题以便于在阅读的时候，有意识地留意文中出现的与问题有关的信息
二、认真细读全文及所给图表，了解短文及图表中的细节内容，包括人物、时间、地点、内容、原因、数量、结果及图片各个要素之间的关系等，等基本要素信息，并EP who,when,where,what,why,how many,how作出不同的标记，以备答题时一目了然，提高答题速度和效率
三、仔细阅读问题，在理解题意的基础上，从文中或图片中提取所需要的信息进行逐一回答，此时一定要注意图片之间的内在联系，读懂图片以后，再认真组织语言，注意书写的清晰度与准确性，注意语言表达的逻辑性和严密性
四、对于具有归纳与总结性的问题，需要对所给图文中的信息材料进行甄别与筛选，综合相关信息进行必要的转换、归纳和概括
五、对于开放性试题，考生一定要读懂题意，搞清楚问什么，有几个问题，防止遗漏」此类试题一般都和文章的话题相关，对于考生来说并不陌生重要的是要注意回答问题的人称和时态等比如问过去的inventing things.【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章主要通过讲述作者发明无袋吸尘器的经历，揭示了“失败为成功之母”的道理根据文章第一段末尾句内容（真空吸尘器）
40.I hatedchanging thevacuum cleanerbag andpicking upthingsthe machine did not suck up.Twenty yearslater,in1978,with thislifelong dislikeof the way the machine worked,I我讨厌换真空吸尘器的袋子，讨厌把吸尘器吸不进去的东西捡起来二十年后，decided to make a bagless one.”也就是年，我对这台机器的工作方式一直很反感，于是决定做一台无袋的可知，对于真空吸尘器的反1978感导致了作者研制一种无袋吸尘器细节理解题根据文章第三段内容
41.“The majorvacuum makershad builta businessmodel basedon theprofitsfrom bags and filters.No onewould licensemy idea,not because it wasa badone,but becauseit wasbad forbusiness”可知，没人会认可作者的想法是因为真空吸尘器的包装袋和过滤器能够给商家带来盈利，而作者发明的无袋吸尘器会使商家失去原有的能够带来盈利的部分，因此商家担心其不能带来盈利反而可能会导致损失.作者在文章末尾点明主旨，揭示道理42Today,I stillembrace riskand thepotential forfailure aspart of the可知，作者的“无袋吸尘器”发明经历使他明白了风险和失败process.Nothing beatsthe excitementof invention.在发明过程中是可能存在的（略）
43.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题No.
4.Home alone:Are youreadyDo youknow thatin theUS almosthalf ofall kidsaged6to13are home alone forpart of the dayThe boysin theHomeAlone moviescertainly havefun,but thewhole experiencecan befreaky sometimes.These days,even a lot ofadultsare scaredto be alone in the house!Its totallyunderstandable ifyou orsomeone youknow arenervous about beinghome alone.Take Jessi and herbrother Joeyas an example.For overfive yearsnow,theyve beentaking careof themselvesuntiltheir mumcomes homefrom work.Jessi saysthat theworst thingabout it is whenshe or herbrother islocked out.Then theyhave towait on the porchuntil theother getshome!Sometimes,both of them get lockedout!Fortunately,they eachhave acellphone so they cancall theirmum whenthat happens.Your parentsthink youreready,but do youAt firstit soundscool to be home alone,right Thinkof thefreedom youdhave aroundthe house!Theres nobody tostop you from playingvideo games or watching your favourite TV show!Joey admitsthat helikes beingable towatch TV shows orlisten tomusic helikes.“Its morefreedom,“he says,“butit*s alsomore responsibility.^So thereyou arelistening tothat CDyour parentshate.Then whafsthat Youhear anoise outside.It soundslike itcouldbeaperson onthe frontdoorstep,and there*s beena stringof robberiesin thearea lately.Suddenly,your没人监管的tmsupervised freedomdoesnt feelso safeanymore.Ifs anormal feelingand itdoesnt meanyoure ababy”.Theres alwaysstuff goingon in the worldto shakeourfeelings ofsecurity.You mightfeel totallyfine aboutbeing alonewhen youre
10.Then,two yearslater,somethinghappens thatmakes youfeel differentabout it.Every person and everyhome environmentis unique.If youhave worriesaboutbeing homealone,its reallyimportant tospeak outabout them,even thoughit maycostmoney to get asitter oryour parenthas torearrange hisorherschedule.
40.What willJessiandJoey doif bothof themgetlockedout no more than6words
41.Whafs themain ideaof Paragraph4no more than6words
42.Please decidewhich partis falsein the following statement,then underlineit andexplain why.It iscool tobe homealone-freedom yourdhave aroundthe house!Therers nobodyto stop youfrom playinggames or watchingyour favouriteTVshow andenjoy yourbeing alone at home.
43.What willyou doto beingalone athome about40words}【答案及解析】本文是一篇议论文以和她的弟弟为例，阐述独自在家的利弊Jessi Joey
44.They willcall theirmother.细节理解题根据第二段的“Fortunately,they eachhave acellphone so they cancall theirmum whenthat可知答案happens.“
45.Freedom ofbeinghomealone.本段的内容主要讲述独自在家的自由，你可以看你喜欢的电视，没有人阻止你玩游戏等
46.It iscool tobe homealone-freedom youdhave aroundthe house!There fsnobodytostop youfrom playinggamesorwatchingyourfavouriteTVshowand bein^aloneathome.According to the passage,it soundscool beinghomealone,and nobodystopyoufromplayinggamesorwatchingTV,but youwill feelfreedom isunsafe whennobody is in chargeof you.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题No.
5.When I was inschool,the classI dreadedmost wasmy eighthgrade artclass.The teacherput downmy everyattemptat completingan assignment.I simplycouldnt produceart the way shewanted it.Luckily,Id alreadyprovenmyself inother creativeareas.Yet,that art teacher wassuccessful inconvincing methat I had no talent forpainting,drawing,or anythingrelated to them.Imagine mysurprise when I publishedmy naturephotography andbecame avolunteerartteacher!Unfortunately,my storyis alltoo familiarto manypeople whocome throughmy workshopsand practice.Evenmore unfortunately,the vastmajority ofpeople wereso discouragedin childhoodthat theycut offthe creativeimpulse（冲动）in mostareas of their lives.Their teachers,parents,or classmatesconvinced themthey had no talent,so theygaveup.The painof failurewas simplytoo great.Why havewe forgottencreativity is an experience,not aresult Lefsconsider whywe expresscreativity infirst（处理）place.To becreative istobehuman.Everything weveat ourdisposal is the resultof someonescreative（累赘），expression andwillingness totake arisk.Even so,for creativityto flowerand feelfree ofencumbrance itneedsto beabout thejoyful momentsspent creating,not justabout whatweve toshow fbrthose moments.Whatever patternyouneed tobreak,try to make itabout thepleasure and not about the outcome.Therefore,Id urgeyou tocurb yourperfectionism notenthusiasm!Perfectionism is the leadingkiller of artistic（本能地）expression.Relax alittle andbring backyour childlikenature whenyou create.Children instinctivelyknowhow togive overto thejoy--until someoneteaches themotherwise!Let yourcreation bewhatever itwants tobe.See ifit can leadyou ratherthan theother wayaround.Let yourunconsciousness comethrough,and letthe expressionofyourself bebeautiful regardlessof howit comparesto anythingelse.After all,its yours,andnoone butyou couldcreateit!
56.What madethe authorgive uphis dreamofartno morethan15words
57.What doesthe thirdparagraph mainlytell usno morethan10words
58.Please explain the underlinedword curbin English,no morethan5words
59.According to the passage,what isnecessary fora creativeperson nomorethan10words
60.Do you think youare morecreative asa studentPlease giveanexample,nomorethan25words【答案】
56.His teacherdiscouraged himand saidhe hadnotalent for art.Or:His teacherconvinced himthat hehadnotalentforart.
57.Creativity isan experience,not aresult.Or:We shouldenjoy beingcreative.
58.Limit./Control./Hold./Keep...within limits./Keep...under control.
59.The childlikenature ofcreativity.
60.Open.Yes,perhaps Iam.I usedto drawa lotof imaginativepictures inchildhood.事情用一般过去时，表达自己或他人对某事的观点用一般现在时；人称上尤其要注意第三人称单数形式阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题辱骂According tonew research,recently,some terrible events that teachers wereabused onsome websitesbystudents happenedin the UK.It hada badinfluence onschools and the society.The BritishTeaching Uniondid asurveyof7,500teachers.We canget someinformation from thefollowingdata andknow howthe teacherswho wereabuseddealt with the problem.You knowteachers are often destroyedby theterrible abuse.Some havelost theirconfidence toteach andhave leftschool.The survey showed manyof the bad commentsrelated toteachers looks,abilities andbehaviors.Weve gotanotherdata fromit.lt shows thebad comments were made bynot onlystudents buttheir parents.Please lookat thefollowingchart.It isclear thatwe shouldtake somemethods toprotect teachersfrom the abuse.We thinkthat the way to solve theproblemis thebetter understanding among teachers,students andparents.Besides goodcommunication,respecting eachother is very important.If so,they canget onwell with each other.7,50----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5,000--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.500-------------------------------------------------------------------------3,7501,502,250reported abusetofeltthey hadbeennever feltbeingtheschool,thepoliceabused onlineabusedorthewebsile9%by amixofshilentsand parrnls
1.What resultdid theseterribleeventslead toaccording tothe passage
2.From ChartOne,how did50%of theteachers dealwiththe abuse
3.What percentof thebadcommentsweremadeby parentsin total
4.What isthewayto solvetheabuseproblem accordingtothe passage（现象）
5.After readingthe passage,what doyouthinkof thiskind ofsocial phenomenon【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文文章从教师被辱骂切题，指出了这一问题的现状及对教师产生的不好影响，并就这一问题给出了可行的方法
1.It hada badinfluence onschools and the society./You knowteachers areoften destroyedby theterrible abuse./Some havelost theirconfidence toteach andhave leftschool.【解析】细节理解题题干意为这些恶劣的事件导致了什么结果？根据文章第一段第二句It hada bad可知辱骂教师对学校和社会造成了不好的影响根据文章第二段第
一、二influence onschools and the society.句“You knowteachers areoften destroyedby theterrible abuse.Some havelost theirconfidence toteach andhave left可知这种行为可以毁掉一个老师也有部分老师会因此而失去信心，离开学校故得出答案school.”
2.They reportedtheabusetothe school,the policeor thewebsite./They reportedit totheschool/the police/thewebsite.【解析】数字计算题题干意为从表一可知，的老师如何处理辱骂问题？由表一可知，第一个柱50%状图即题干中提到的的老师可知这些老师会把辱骂事件上报学校，警方或者网站故50%3750=1500+2250,得出答案
3.36%./Thirty-six percent.【解析】数字计算题题干意为家长制造了百分之多少的不好言辞？由表二可知有的27%+9%=36%家长辱骂老师方法点拨对于数字计算题，要求考生就文章内容或所给图表提供的数据，以及数据与所提问题的关系作简单的计算和推断在做此类试题时要注意以下几点.抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义；弄清众
12.多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息；.要抓住关键用语的意义，不要孤立看待数字信息
34.The better understandingamong teachers,students andparents./Good communication./Respecting each other./Good communication and respecting eachother.【解析】细节理解题题干意为由这篇文章可知，解决辱骂问题的方法是什么？由文章最后一段“We thinkthatthewaytosolvethe problemisthebetterunderstandingamongteachers,students andparents.Besides good（尊敬）可得出答案communication,respectingeachotherisveryimportant.”
5.It isimportant forstudents torespect teachersbecauseitshowsthedevelopment ofthe society./1think weshouldtry toavoid it.lt canhurt bothteachers andstudents.【解析】开放性试题题干意为读完这篇文章，你认为这种社会现象怎么样？此题为开放性试题，只要论述清楚自己的观点即可方法点拨开放性试题具有设问的开放性、思维的多角度和答案的多元化等特点试题的设问特点是多层次、多角度地设问，可以从不同角度来回答因此针对此类试题，在平常的学习中，考生要加大课外阅读量，拓展自己的知识面，养成多思考、多总结的习惯此外，要注意句子的语法及单词的拼写，尽量使用自己有把握的简单句，答案中句子首字母需大写等实战演练”♦阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题No.
1.Do youlike readingbooks TheBritish do.In fact,a recentsurveyshowedthat readingisamost popularpastimeamong Britishadults.Yet Britishlibraries havebeen gettingfewer andfewer visitorsfor thepast20years.So justwhat isgoingonReading asa pastimeisingood healthin theUK,but how we read is changinghugely.One ofthe reasonsfor Britishlibraries having fewer visitors is that bookscan nowbe socheap to buy.Sales of books in theUKare alwaysrelativelyhealthy.They evengo upduring aneconomic downturnbecause peoplechoose tostay inwith a book ratherthan goout toa restaurant.However,now weare rightin theheart ofa readingrevolution.E-books andtheir digitalreading devices,audio books,multimedia books:We readin differentways,now usingnew technologies.But nevermind thehow,letslook atwhat theBritish liketo read.Here area fewofthemost populargenres.FantasyUK hasalways beenfamous forstories ofmagic andwizardry.There arestrong culturalmemories ofthe ancestorswhobuilt Stonehengeand ruledthe countrybefore thearrival ofthe Romans.Shakespeare wrotea fantasticalplay:AMidsummer NightsDream,fbr example.Frankston wasbom whenthe Englishpoet LordByron invitedMary Shelleyandothers tocreate ahorror storywhen holidayingin Geneva.The traditionof Britishfantasy isstill alive and kicking,Harry Potterby J.K.Rowling isjust oneexample.Celebrity autobiographiesIt seems thatevery minorcelebrity famousperson haswritten abook thesedays.Theyre notreally seriousauthorsand simplycashing inon their15minutes,of fame.Many ofthe books are“kiss andtell”.They areof interestto readersonly because ofthe secretsthey revealabout otherfamous people.This genreis popularbecause thecelebrity cultureiswell developedin theUK.Is thebook deadAs youcan seefromtheabove,the booksaliveand well.
1.Why dothe salesof booksincrease whenthe economybecomes worseBecause people wouldstay inwith abook ratherthan goout toarestaurant.Becausepeopletend tospend money onabook ratherthan a meal.
2.What attractsreaders withrespect toCelebrity autobiographiesThesecrets thesebooks revealabout otherfamous people.The privatelife offamous people.
3.Please decidewhich partis falseinthefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplain why.Fewer visitorschoose tovisit Britishlibraries notonly becausebooks arebecoming cheaperto buy,but alsobecausepeople wouldrather spendmoneyonamealthan onabook.Fewer visitorschoose tovisit Britishlibraries notonlybecausebooksarebecoming cheapertobuy,but alsobecausepeople wouldrather goto restaurantthem library.
①According tothe passage,another reasonfor Britishlibraries havingfewer visitorsis thatthe wayswe readhavechanged.©According tothe passage,another reasonfor Britishlibrarieshavingfewervisitorsisthathowwereadischanging,and nownew technologiesare used,such asE-books andtheir digitalreading devices,audio books,multimedia books.
4.Whether the Internet willreplace libraries.Please explain why.about40words©In myopinion,never willlibraries bereplaced bythe Internetmainly becauselibraries providean idealenvironmentin whichstudents areable toconcentrate on their workwithout thedistraction ofdigital devices,which arenotconducive tolearning.
①In myopinion,never willlibraries bereplaced bytheInternetmainly becauselibraries arenot justa repositoryforbooks,but alsoan oasisof peaceand sanityamid thehustle andbustle ofeveryday life,andthetranquil atmosphereinlibraries willhelp peoplefocus moreontheirlearning.
4.What genresofbooksdoyouprefer Please explain why.about40wordsCrime fictionoutweighs othergenres inmy heart.To beginwith,crime fictionincludes awealth ofstriking plots,attracting mealot.Besides,the casesand storiesin thesebooks oftenshed lighton whatis legaland illegal,fromwhich Ican realizethe importanceof obeyingrules andlaws.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题No.
2.（产生）Curiosity iswhat drives us tokeep learning,keep trying,keep pushingforward.But howdoes onegeneratecuriosity,in oneselfor othersGeorge Loewenstein,a professorof psychologyat CarnegieMellon University,offered ananswerintheclassic1994paper,The Psychologyof Curiosity.^^Curiosity arises,Loewenstein wrote,when attentionbecomes focusedonagap inone*s knowledge.Such（匮乏）information gapsproduce the feeling of deprivation labeledcuriosity.The curiousindividual ismotivated toobtain the missing information to reduce thefeeling ofdeprivation.Loewenstein*s theoryhelps explain why curiosityissuch aforce:it*s notonly amental statebut alsoan emotion,a powerfulfeeling thatdrivesusforward.Scientist DanielWillingham notesthat teachersareoften“so eagerto gettotheanswer thatwe donot devoteenough（刺」激）time todeveloping the question.Yet ifsthe questionthat stimulatescuriosity;being toldan answerstopscuriosity before itcan even get going.In his1994paper,George Loewensteinnoted that curiosity requiressome basicknowledge.Were notcurious aboutsomethingwe knownothing about.But assoon aswe knoweven alittle bit,our curiosityis arousedand we want tolearnmore.In fact,research showsthatcuriosityincreases withknowledge:the morewe know,the morewewantto know.Toget thisprocess started,Loewenstein suggests,take stepswith some interesting but incomplete information.Language teachershave longused communicationin exercisesthat openan informationgap andthen requirelearnersto communicatewith eachother inorder tofill it.For example,one studentmight begiven a series of pictures forthebeginning ofthe story,while thestudents partneris givenaseriesofpicturesshowing howthat samestory ends.Only（）by speakingwitheachother inthe foreignlanguage theyare learning,of coursecan thestudents fillin eachothers*information gaps.
1.When agap inknowledge arises,what willhappen toa curiousindividual
①The curiousindividual ismotivated/keen toobtainthemissinginformationtoreducethefeelingofdeprivation.
②He willbecome focusedon hislearning.
2.What can we doto startcuriosity
①We cantake stepswith someinteresting butincomplete information.
②We canfocus onsomeinterestingbutincompleteinformation
3.Please decidewhich partis falseinthefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplainwhy.Itsnot suggested thatteachers rush toget an answer without enough time devoted to analyzing the question becausethe process of working outthe question induces curiosity.Its notsuggestedthatteachersrushtogetan answerwithoutenoughtimedevotedtoanalyzingthequestionbecausethe process ofworking outthequestioninducescuriosityAccording tothe passage,itisnot theprocessofworkingoutthequestionthat stimulatescuriosity butthe questionitself;being toldananswerstops curiositybefore itcanevengetgoing/beforeitarises.
4.Pleaseexplainwhy curiositymatters alot.about40wordsTo beginwith,curiosity canstimulate ourthought inevery aspectand helpus focuson somethingthat maybe ignored.Besides,only bybeing curiouscanwedevelop/contrive newtechnologies andgenerate newideas,which impelsthesociety tomove forward/which propelsus upthe ladderof development.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题No.
3.I rememberdoing thehousehold choresto helpmy motherwhenIwas nine.I hatedchanging thevacuum cleaner真空吸尘器bag andpicking upthings themachinedidnotsuckup.Twenty yearslater,in1978,with thislifelongdislike ofthewaythemachineworked,I decidedtomakea baglessone.Easier saidthan done,of course.I didntrealize thatI wouldspend thenext fiveyears perfectingmy design,a样机process thatresulted in5,127different prototypesL.By thetime Imade my15th prototype,my thirdchild wasborn.By2,627,my wifeand Iwere reallycounting ourpennies.By3,727,my wifewas givingart lessonsfor someextracash,andwewere gettingfurther andfurther intodebt.These weretough times,but eachfailure broughtme closertosolving theproblem.In theearly1980s,I startedtrying toget licensingagreements formy technology.The realitywas verydifferent,滤网.however.The majorvacuum makershad builta businessmodel basedontheprofits frombagsandfilters Noonewould licensemy idea,not becauseit wasa badone,but becauseit wasbad forbusiness.But soonafter,the companiesthatI hadtalked withstarted makingmachines likemine.Ihadto fightlegal battleson bothsides ofthe Atlanticto protectthepatents onmy vacuum cleaner.Iwasstill infinancial difficultiesuntil1993,when mybank managerpersonally persuadedLloyds Bankto lendme$1million.Then Iwas ableto gointo production.Within twoyears,the Dysonvacuum cleanerbecame abest-seller inBritain.Today,I stillembrace riskandthepotential forfailure aspart oftheprocess.Nothing beatsthe excitementofinvention,
40.What drovethe authortomakeabaglessvacuumcleaner
41.Why didthe companiesrefuse tolicense the authors technology
42.Please decidewhich partis falseinthefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplainwhy.The processofthenew inventionis sotough,sotheauthor didnot wantto experiencethe riskinventing things.答案及解析
43.Is Failureisthemother ofsuccess truein ourdaily life.about40words
40.D.His discontentwith existingcleaners.
41.A.They thoughtthey mightsuffer loss.
42.The processofthenew inventionis sotough,sotheauthor didnot wa/to experiencethe riskinventing things.According tothe lastparagraph inthepassage,theauthorsaid“Today,I stillembrace riskandthepotential forfailure aspartoftheprocess.Nothing beatsthe excitementof invention.,,which meanshe willgo onwith。
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