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学年度上学期月考2023-2024高二英语试题
2023.12注意事项
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上第一节（共5小题;每小题
1.5分，满分
7.5分）听下面5段对话每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍
1.Where isJennifer workingnowA.In acollege.B.In ahospital.C.In adrug store.
2.What doesthe manadvise the woman tobuyA.A redskirt.B.A whitesweater.C.A pairof bluejeans.
3.What isthe probablerelationship between the speakersA.Mother andson.B.Business partners.C.Boss andsecretary.A.Do hishomework.B.Take the piano class.C.Pick upthe package.
4.What doesthe womanask Johnto do
5.How muchwill the man payA.$
15.B.$
30.C.$
60.第二节（共15小题;每小题
1.5分，满分
22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第
6、7题
6.What arethe speakersmainly talkingabout“The plants can useour mistakesfrom thepast,“says Sheida Sattari,whose2012analysis found global soils containenough legacy phosphorus tocut theexpected demandfor newfertilizer inhalf by
2050.
12.What was the disadvantageof Lawes5fertilizerA.The costof producingit was a bithigh.B.Too muchof it would doharm toplants.C.It couldonly bepartly absorbedby plants.D.It ledto theloss ofsome mineralsin the soil.
13.What wasWithers attitudeto phosphorusoveruseA.He feltuncertain of it.B.He wasin favorofit.C.He wasworried aboutit.D.He showedno interestin it.
14.What doesparagraph4mainly focusonA.The increasingcosts offertilizer.B.The shortageof phosphorusresources.C.The ineffectivenessof insurance-based farmingD.The phosphoruspollution of the environment.
15.What doSattaris wordsmean in the last paragraphA.Crops canlive onlegacyphosphorus.B.Phosphorus is a necessityto growcrops.C.Unused phosphorusis causingbig trouble.D.It iswrong to use a large amount of phosphorus.【答案】
12.C
13.B
14.C
15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章介绍一项研究，表明过去强调的每年要给农作物足够的磷肥是错误的，其实农作物可以靠遗留下来的磷生存【题详解】12细节理解题根据第二段中“The fertilizerLawes producedcontained aform ofphosphorus that plantscan easily use.Butas soon as the phosphorus hit thesoil,a largepart ofit reactedwith soilminerals,forming substancesthat cropscant access.生产的月日料含有——种植物很容易利用的Some alsogot lockedaway inequally unavailableorganic forms.Lawes磷但一旦磷进入土壤，其中很大一部分就会与土壤矿物质发生反应，形成作物无法接触到的物质有些还被锁在同样不可用的有机形式中）”可知，的肥料缺点是只能部分被植物吸收故选项Lawes C题详解】33推理判断题根据第三段中“In fact,it wasonce soilscientist Paul Withers5job to spread theword.As agovernment farmadvisor in the1980s,he drovea redVolvo stationwagon around the windingroads ofrural Englandtelling farmers to makesuretheir cropsgot plentyof keynutrients.This method,which Witherscalls insurancebased farming,,9is stillwidely used（事实上，传播这个信息曾经是土壤科学家的工作世纪年代，作为一名政around theworld.PaulWithers2080府农业顾问，他驾驶着一辆红色的沃尔沃旅行车在英格兰农村蜿蜒的道路上行驶，告诉农民要确保他们的庄稼获得足够的关键营养）”可推知，汕对磷的过度使用持赞成态度故选项W ersB【题详解】14主旨大意题根据第三段中“This method,which Witherscalls insurance-based farming,is stillwidely usedaround the（称之为“保险农业”的这种方法至今仍在世界各地广泛使用）”和第四段中world.WithersEnglish crop scientist Roger Sylvester-Bradley hastaken afirst commonsense step:They stoppedadding phosphorusfertilizer to half the barley field to see how the plants would grow.Eight yearslater,they haveonly just started to observe.（英国作物科学家迈出了合乎常理的第一步他the firstsigns ofphosphorus shortageRoger Sylvester-Bradley们停止向一半的大麦田添加磷肥，以观察植物的生长情况八年后，他们才刚刚开始观察到磷短缺的最初迹象）”以及（我们的产量没有改变）”可知，本段强调说明了“保险农业”的无效性，“Our productionisnt changing.即没有必要每年都使用那么多磷肥故选项C【题详解】15推理判断题根据最后一段中“The plantscan useour mistakesfrom thepast/says SheidaSattari,whose2012analysis（植物foundglobalsoilscontainenough legacyphosphorus tocut theexpected demandfor newfertilizer inhalf by
2050.可以利用我们过去的错误，说，他年的分析发现，到年，全球土壤中遗留的磷含量足SheidaSattari20122050以将新肥料的预期需求减少一半）”可推知，的话说明农作物可以靠遗留下来的磷生存故选项Sattari A第二节（共5小题;每小题
2.5分，满分
12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项（病菌）Do youoften goout forshopping How to avoid germs when shopping in the grocery store
16.Firstly,go tothe grocerystore brightand earlywhen they9re justopening.This mightbe yourbest option.By avoidinglarge groups of people,
17.as the virus ismainly spreadthrough closecontact withother people.（被污染的）One of the easiestways tospread the virus isby touchinga contaminatedsurface and thentouching your face,eyes,nose,or mouth.18・This isa lotharder thanit sounds,because peopletouchtheir facesmore than20times in a singlehour.While amask canhelp preventyou fromtouching yourmouth andnose,it isstronglyrecommended towear one.（过道）
19.This maybe assimple asavoiding acrowded aisleand circlingback afew minuteslater.Since othershoppers mightnot be as mindfulas youare aboutmaintaining social distance,be politein yourrequest thatthey keep their distance with a polite“excuse me.”Just as youre beingthoughtful aboutyour ownhealth,be thoughtful about the health of others,suggests Dr.Larkin.
20、see ifyou canshop fbrthem orteach them to usean onlineand deliveryoption/9she says.“Be patientand kindwith oneanother,especially theworkers keepingthe storesopen andfunctioning-and ofcourse,if youareill,please stayhome anddont exposeothers.”A.If youhave anelderly neighborwho needshelpB.You hadbetter stayat homeinstead ofgoing outC.Therefore,avoid touching your facewhile shoppingD.As aresult,you shouldwear amask when you goshoppingE.Moreover,try tomaintain asafe,six-foot distancefrom othershoppersF.Before youhead outto one,you needsome guidelinesto ensureyour safetyG.you decreaseyour riskof becominginfected【答案】
16.F
17.G
18.C
19.E
20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述了出去购物时避免感染病毒的几个建议【题详解】16根据上文（病菌）（在杂货店购物时如何避免细菌呢？）”“Howto avoidgermswhenshoppingin the grocerystore可知，空前提出问题根据下文u Firstly,go tothegrocerystore brightand earlywhen they5re justopening.（首先，在杂货店刚开门的时候，早点去杂货店）”可知，下文介绍具体的方法，所以项FuBefore youhead outto one,you needsome guidelinesto ensureyour safety（在你出去进一个杂货店之前，你需要一些指导来确保你的安全）”承上启下，符合语境，故选项F【题详解】17根据下文（由于病毒主要通过与其他人的密切“asthe virus ismainly spreadthrough closecontact withother people接触传播）”可知，空后是引导一个原因状语从句，结合空前as“By avoidinglargegroupsofpeople（通过避免接触人群）”可知，项（你就能减少感染的风G^you decreaseyour riskof becominginfected险）”切题，故选项G【题详解】18空前提至（被污染的）ll“One of the easiestways tospread thevirus isby touchinga contaminatedsurface and then（病毒传播最容易的一种方法就是通过接触被污染的表面，然后摸你的脸，touching yourface,eyes,nose,or mouth.眼睛，鼻子或者嘴巴）”，所以要避免感染就不要在购物时摸脸，项C Therefore,avoid touchingyourfacewhile符合语境项中与上下文呼应，且空后的指代项内容，故选项shopping^C“touchingyourface”This CC【题详解】19空处位于句首，是段落主题句，根据本段最后一句Since othershoppers mightnot be as mindfulasyouare aboutmaintainingsocialdistance,be politein yourrequest that theykeeptheirdistancewithapolite“excuse me.^^（由于其他购物者可能不像你那样注意保持社交距离，所以在要求他们保持距离时要礼貌地说一句“对不起“）”可知，本段主要讲要保持距离，项（此外，E“Moreover,try tomaintain asafe,six-foot distancefrom othershoppers尽量与别的购物者保持安全的六英尺距离）”切题，故选项E【题详解】20根据空后的祈使句以及空后的“逗“see ifyou canshop forthem orteach themto usean onlineand deliveryoption”号”可知，空格处应填入一个从句上文提到“Just asyoure beingthoughtfulaboutyour ownhealth,be thoughtfulabout在关心自己健康的同时，还要关心别人的健康，thehealthofothers,suggests Dr.Larkin.”结合空后（看看你是否能帮他们购物，“see ifyou canshop forthem orteach themtousean onlineand deliveryoption或者教他们使用网上配送选择）”可推知，项A“If youhave anelderly neighborwho needshelp（如果你有年迈的邻居需要帮助）”切题，故选项A第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Edmond wasa schoolbus driverfor22years.One morning,the rainpouring down,he and the busmonitorValentine werecalled to21a studentwho missedthe bus.What22them wasthat the student didnt turn up when theyreachedthe specifiedplace.Edmond andValentine didntexpect theyhad alarger23to achieve.Just aroundthe corner,they foundtwo children24in therushing floodwaters.The boyand thegirl werestruggling to hold onto a25to avoidbeing sweptaway.Edmond andValentine couldnt26to savethem,but neithercould swim.Jumping intoaction meantputtingtheir own27on the line.Since thebus wasfor special needs children,it was28with removableseat belts.They gotan
29.Immediately theytied the seat beltstogether soas to30the children.Close byneighbors additionallygot hereto3],and the group made combined efforts to32the boyand thegirl from the tree.They createda humanchain and33the tiedbelts outuntilEdmond gota firmhold on the childrenand pulledthemtosafety.The twochildren were_____34_____of Edmond,giving hima bighug.Surrounding them,everyone presentwasfilled withhappiness,though wetall over.This greatrescue operationwent viralon socialmedia anddrew praisefortheir_____35_____from allquarters.
21.A.look afterB.send forC.pick upD.call on
22.A.discouraged B.bored C.excited D.impressed
23.A.dream B.goal C.success D.mission
24.A.diving B.playing C.stuck D.prepared
25.A.tree B.belt C.seat D.bus
26.A.offer B.wait C.pretend D.long
27.A.lives B.future C.jobs D.family
28.A.covered B.decorated C.filled D.equipped
29.A.suggestion B.idea C.belief D.conclusion
30.A.lock B.search C.reach D.hang
31.A.assist B.cheer C.respond D.watch
32.A.protect B.tell C.free D.tear
33.A.extended B.pushed C.threw D.kicked
34.A.proud B.appreciative C.fond D.tired
35.A.attitude B.description C.action D.fortune【答案】
21.C
22.A
23.D
24.C
25.A
26.B
27.A
28.D
29.B
30.C
31.A
32.C
33.A
34.B
1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Once turningon theprime timeTV in Ghana,a WestAfrican countrywith over30million people,audiences nowhaveplenty ofchoices36spend theirleisure timewith varioustypes ofshows,among37the Chinese dramas arestanding out.According toHan Junyong,Country Directorof Chinesemedia groupStarTimes inGhana,Chinese TVdramas havegainedincreasing38popular amongviewers inGhana recently.Ghanaians prefernot onlyclassic dramas39feature描述Chinas traditionalfairy tales,but modemones portrayingurban life.Ebenezer Eshun,a52-year-old educationistinGhana,still rememberedthe40wonder momentwhen“Journey totheWest”was41initial introducedto Ghanaover20years ago.“It really42win thehearts ofGhanaians.I enjoyedthe turns拥护，and twistsin thestory,and alsothe virtuesit espousedwhich inspiredmany peopleindeed Jsaid Eshun.“There isno doubt43Chinesedramashave offeredlocal viewersa windowinto Chinesepeoples lives,“Han said.Inrecent years,the TVdramas44play anessential part45the culturalexchangebetweenthetwo sides.”【答案】
36.to spend
37.which
38.popularity
39.featuring
40.wonderful
41.initially
42.won
43.that44have played
1.向老师表示祝贺；
2.自己对围棋非常感兴趣，希望得到老师指导
3.注意写作词数应为个左右；
1.80请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
2.参考词汇第五届围棋大赛the Fifth Go MatchDear Mr.Smith,Yours,Li Hua【答案】DearMr.Smith,I amone ofyour students,Li Hua.I amwriting toexpress mysincere congratulationson yourwinning firstprize intheFifthGoMatch inour city.As aforeigner,it isnot easyto learn Go,let alonewin firstprize insuch asignificant contest.Thus,your achievementhaswon myadmiration.I amconvinced that it isyour hardwork andoutstanding abilitythat makeyou succeed.By theway,I desire to be given a chance to get your instruction in Go because I am keen on it.Please letme knowatyour convenience.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文假定你是李华，你得知学校外教老师在你市第五届围棋大赛中Mr.Smith荣获一等奖请你给他写一封邮件，向他表示祝贺【详解】.词汇积累1表达机会出色的比赛expressf conveychance-*opportunity outstandingfexcellent contestfcompetition.句式拓展同义句转换原句3As aforeigner,it isnot easyto learnGo,let alonewin firstprize insuch asignificantcontest.A.Inexperienced drivers.B.A terriblecar accident.C.Safe drivingon theroad.
7.When doesthe womanfeel nervousA.A carcuts in at will.B.A caris closebehind hercar.C.A carturns withoutturn signals.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题
8.How longdid ittake toget toNanjing beforeA.2hours.B.
1.5hours.C.1hour.
9.Why didthe mancome toChinaA.To havea trip.B.To workasateacher.C.To visita Chineseuniversity.
10.Where doesthe conversationprobably takeplaceA.On atrain.B.At aticket office.C.In awaiting room.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题
11.How longhas theman playedthepianoup tonowA For10years.B.For15years.C.For20years.
12.What dowe knowabout themanA.He startedto writemusic atten.B.He enjoysgiving concertsin schools.C.His CDshave becomethe bestseller.
13.How doesthewomanlike themanA.Creative.B.Excellent.C.Just soso.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题
14.Where doesAmanda want to spendher summerholidayA.In Beijing.B.In London.C.In NewYork.
15.What doesAmandas motherwant herto doA.Learn aboutChinese culture.B Lookafter hergrandmother.C.Offer somehelp on the farm.A.His friends.B.His mother.C.His grandmother.
16.Who didthemanplan togo toLondon with拓展句Not onlyis itnot easyfor aforeigner tolearnGo,but alsowinning firstprize insuch asignificant contestisabigchallenge.［点睛］［高分句型11By theway,1desiretobegivenachancetogetyourinstructioninGobecauseI amkeenonit.（运用了引导原因状语从句）because［高分句型］（运用了弓虽2Iamconvinced thatit isyour hardwork andoutstanding abilitythat makeyou succeed.调句）第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
47.One summerafternoon,my grandpaand Iwere outin hisboat fishing.After fishingfor overthree hours,we didntcatchone fish.1felt sodisappointed andimpatient.Whats worse,soon after,I brokemy fishing pole byaccident.Grandpafelt sorryfor me,so hehanded mehis bestblack fishing pole touse.After Ithrew the end of the fishing line into the lake,the black fishing poleescaped myhands andwent flyinginto thelake.I triedto catchit beforeit felldown into the darkwater,but it was toolate.I jumpedintothewater atonce,but theblack fishingpolewent downwithout stopping.I failedto catchit.I climbedback intothe boat,feeling totallydefeated.Grandpa came up witha planto pullout the blackfishingpole（鱼钩）with ourgreen pole,by tryingusing thepoles hooksto catchsome part of theblackfishingpole.We triedaboutfive times,but wehad noluck.I feltso bad.It wasGrandpas favoritepole,and nowit waslost forever.Grandpa,not willingto giveup yet,said,Okay,Max,holdon;lefs justhave another try.Not wantingto seeGrandpasuffer from another struggleand failure,I walkedcloser tohim,deciding totalk himout ofcontinuing anothertry.But justbefore Iopened mymouth,my grandma,who haddied twomonths earlier,came intomy mind.And Irememberedher words:Max,whenyouface challengesand feelhopeless,be patientand confident.If so,youll probablyhave goodluckin the end.Thinking abouther words,I decidednot to prevent Grandpafrom havinganothertry.（鱼饵）I watchedGrandpa fixhis specialsilver lureto onehook ontheend of the fishing line.The otherhooks wereleftempty.The heavylure couldhelp thehooks reachthe bottomof thewater.When hefinished fixingthe lureinto place（拖）he threwtheend of thefishinglineintothe lake anddragged itaround onthe bottom.注意续写词数应为左右；
1.150,请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答2I watchedthe linecircle aroundthe lake.Then,we sawthe green poles hookscatch theblack poleand alsoa fish!【答案J Onepossible version:I watchedthe linecircle aroundthelake.When Grandpabegan pulling the line back,a smilecrossed hisface.Itseemed thatthis timehe hadcaught thepole.He continuedpullingthe greenpoles lineback.And then,his favoriteblackfishing polestarted comingout of the depthsof thelake!I couldntbelieve it!As hekept bringingthe greenpoles lineback,he noticeda suddenstrong pullontheendof the line.He pulledit veryslowly.Then,we sawthe greenpoles hookscatch theblack poleand alsoa fish!Grandpa andI couldnthelp laughing.Afterwe calmeddown,we carefullypulled outthefishand alsotheblackfishingpole.Then,we continuedfishing andgladlycaught morefish.Even Icaught abeautiful fish.After that,every timeI cameacross someunpleasant things,mygrandma9words wouldcome tomy mindand cheermeup.【解析】【导语本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和爷爷去钓鱼，钓了三个多小时，一条鱼也没钓到作者感到I非常失望和不耐烦，还不小心折断了鱼竿最后作者在爷爷的鼓励和坚持下，成功钓到了鱼，爷爷的话也一直鼓励着作者【详解】.段落续写1
①由第一段首句内容“我看着鱼线绕着湖转”可知，第一段可描写作者钓到鱼的经过
②由第二段首句内容“然后，我们看到绿竿的钩子钩住了黑竿和一条鱼！”可知，第二段可描写他们把鱼拉上了岸，然后继续钓到了更多的鱼,续写线索鱼上钩一一拉鱼上岸一一继续钓鱼一一钓到更多鱼一一作者高兴一一作者感悟
2.词汇激活3行为类开始:begin/start看见see/spot/notice继续continue/go on情绪类漂亮beautiful/gorgeous不愉快的unpleasant/displeasing【点睛】[高分句型1]As hekept bringingthegreenpoleslineback,he noticeda suddenstrong pullontheendof the（运用了引导时间状语从句）line.as[高分句型（运用了引导时间状语从句）2]When Grandpabegan pullingthelineback,a smilecrossed hisface.when听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17.What willhappen in2022A.A newspace labwill bebuilt.B.The firstspace hotelwill open.C.Astronauts willlive in the spacehotel.
18.How manyguests canthe spacehotel holdat atimeA.Two.B.Four.C.Six.A.Cook food.B.Watch movies.C.Have avideo chat.
19.What canguests doin the space hotelA.Relaxing.B.Dangerous.C.Expensive.
20.What doesthe speakerthink ofthespacetrip第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题
2.5分，满分
37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项There aremany scholarshipsrewarding particulartalents,so justfind theright onethat worksfor you.■Spirit of Giving ScholarshipDeadline:July31,2021Award Amount:$1,000Overview:It isavailable tohigh school seniors andcurrent collegestudents.You mustsubmit anessay ofbetween500and750words on one ofthe followingthree topics:How haveyou advancedthe spiritof givingHow hasthe spiritofgiving affectedyou personallyHow willyour presenteducation allowyou tobe ofservice toothers■Ocean AwarenessContestDeadline:June15,2021Award Amount:Up to$1,500Overview:It isopen tostudents betweenthe agesof11and
18.Students areinvited tolearn about the climatecrisisand itsimpact onoceans,discover solutionsand creatework thatexplores hopein action.Submissions areaccepted invisual art,film,music,or poetry.■Atlas Shrugged Essay ContestDeadline:September19,2021Award Amount:$25,000Overview:Essay conteston AynRands novel,Atlas Shrugged.There are59prizes,and firstprize is$25,000!Toenter,submit an800to1,600word essayonone ofthespecific topicsaboutthenovel,which canbe viewedon thescholarshipproviders website.■Coca-Cola ScholarsProgram ScholarshipDeadline:October31,2021Award Amount:$20,000Overview:It isa scholarshipawarded tograduating high schoolseniors,who arerecognized fortheir capacityto leadand serve,as wellas theircommitment tomaking asignificant impacton theirschools andcommunities.Applicants mustbe expecting completion of a high school diploma at the time of applicationand planningto pursuea degreeat apostsecondaryinstitution.
1.What isrequired towin Spirit ofGiving ScholarshipA.Students agedfrom11to
18.B.The capacityto leadandserve.C.Submitting anessay.D.Applying forit beforeOctober31,
2021.
2.Which scholarshipis suitablefor Jacksonwho likesreading andwritingA.Spirit ofGiving Scholarship.B.Ocean AwarenessContest.C.Atlas ShruggedEssay Contest.D.CocaCola ScholarsProgram Scholarship.
3.Who areCocaCola ScholarsProgram Scholarshipdesigned forA.Those studyingin college.B.Those tograduate fromhighschool.C.Those witha highschool diploma.D.Those inpostsecondary institutions.【答案】l.C
2.C
3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文文章介绍可以获得奖学金的几个项目【题详解】1细节理解题根据奖学金项目中的SpiritofGivingScholarship“You mustsubmit anessay ofbetween500and750（你必须提交一篇至字的短文，题目如下三个）”可知，想要words ononeofthe followingthree topics500750获得此项目的奖学金，必须提交关于所提供话题的一篇论文故选C【题详解】2推理判断题根据题干的要求，喜欢阅读和写作，文中第三个奖学金项目Jackson AtlasShruggedEssayContest是一个征文比赛，故推断出第三个奖学金项目适合参加故选Jackson C【题详解】3细节理解题根据奖学金项目中的Coca-Cola ScholarsProgram Scholarship“It isa scholarshipawarded tograduatinghigh schoolseniors（这是一项颁发给即将毕业的高中毕业生的奖学金）”和uApplicants mustbeexpecting（申请人在申请时必须即将完成高中文凭）”可知，completionofahighschooldiplomaatthetimeofapplication申请者必须是高中的学生，在申请此项目的时候即将从高中毕业故选BBLanguage changesall thetime.New words and phrasesappear.The wordsused byyoung peoplein theUK are（多元文化的）different fromthose used by adults.Living in a multicultural society hasan effecton language,especiallyon the language ofthe young people,whose friends are often froma mix of backgrounds.Young Britishpeople uselots oflanguage thatyou usuallycant findin manydictionaries.These extremelyinformal（俚语）words andexpressions areknown asslang”.It isnot possibleto makea complete list ofmodern British slang-by thetime thelist wasfinished,it wouldbe outof date!New wordscome andgo likefashion.However,not everybodyuses slangand noteverybody likesit.A schoolin Sheffield,in thenorth ofEngland,recentlyinstructed its students to stop usingslang words.The headteacher saysthat ifyoung peoplelearn tospeak“coirectly”,itwill help them get a place at universityand agood job.When Britishpeople uselanguage likethis,ifs notsurprising that some internationalstudents saythey cantunderstandnative speakers.But perhapslearners dontneed toworry aboutcommunicating withnative speakersso much.Research showsthat mostoftheEnglish spokenin theworld todayis spokenbetween non-native speakersofthelanguage.In fact,when wethink aboutInternational English”,there isno suchthing asa nativeor anon-native speaker.So,how importantis itto understandthese slang wordsandexpressions If you watch films or television programs in（歌词），English,read magazinesin English,chat online in English or are interested in English song lyrics thenunderstandingslang canbe veryuseful.
4.Why doyoung peopleuse differentwords thanadultsA.The younglive ina moremulticulturalsociety.B.The youngwanttokeep upwith thesociety.C.The youngcome fromdifferent backgrounds.D.The youngare educateddifferently atschool.
5.What dowe knowabout modern Britishslang wordsA.They areconstantly changing.B.They appearin manydictionaries.C.They areclosely relatedto fashion.D.They canbe includedina completelist.
6.Why areslangwordsforbidden ina schoolin SheffieldA.Teachers theredont likeslangwords.B.Using slangwords harmsstudents5future.C.Slang wordsare notallowed inuniversities.D.Students therehave poorcommunication skills.
7.What canwe inferfromthelastparagraphA.Slang helpsus toconnect tothe peoplearound.B.Non-native speakersof Englishneednt learnslang.C.Slang isused invarious waysin Englishtoday.D.English slangwill enjoya wideruse.【答案】
4.A
5.A
6.B
7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述了新的单词和短语一直在出现，语言一直在变一些语言比如说俚语在字典里是找不到的，但是俚语对于外语学习者也有很大影响【题详解】4细节理解题根据第一段“The wordsusedbyyoung peopleintheUK aredifferent fromthose usedby adults.Living in（多元文化的）a multiculturalsociety hasan effecton language,especially onthelanguageoftheyoung people,whose.（在英国，年轻人用的词和成年人用的词不一样生活在一个多元文friendsareoftenfromamixofbackgrounds化的社会中会对语言产生影响，尤其是对年轻人的语言，因为他们的朋友往往来自不同的背景）”可知，年轻人生活在一个更加多元化的社会，所以他们和成年人的用词不同，故选A【题详解】5细节理解题根据第二段“It isnot possibleto makeacompletelist ofmodernBritishslang-by thetime thelist was.（要歹！］出一份完整的现代英国俚语清单finished,itwouldbe outof date!New wordscome andgo likefashion是不可能的——当清单完成时，它已经过时了!新词像时尚一样来来去去）”可知，现代英国俚语变化非常快，故选A【题详解】6细节理解题根据第三段“A schoolin Sheffield,inthenorth ofEngland,recently instructeditsstudentstostopusingslang words.The headteacher saysthat ifyoungpeoplelearn tospeak“correctly”,it willhelpthemgetaplaceatuniversity（英国北部谢菲尔德的一所学校最近要求学生停止使用俚语校长说，如果年轻人学会“正确”and agood job.说话，这将有助于他们在大学里获得一个好位置和一份好工作）”可知，谢菲尔德的一所学校禁止使用俚语，这样做是为了他们在大学里获得一个好位置和一份好工作，即学校禁止使用俚语是因为俚语对学生的未来有害，故选B【题详解】7推理判断题根据最后——段中“Ifyouwatchfilmsortelevisionprogramsin English,read magazinesinEnglish,chat（歌词），（如果onlineinEnglishorareinterestedinEnglishsonglyricsthen understandingslang canbe veryuseful.你看英语电影或电视节目，读英语杂志，在网上用英语聊天，或者对英语歌词感兴趣，那么理解俚语会很有用）”可推知，英语俚语在很多领域，以很多方式被运用故选CC（）An anti-viral genecalled BTN3A3often foundin peopleslungs andbreath tracts,which blocksmost bird flu fromjumpingto people,has beenidentified,helping scientistspredict whichbird flu viruses could cause outbreaksin humans.The discoverywas madeby theWorld HealthOrganizations chiefscientist,Prof JeremyFarrar,attheMRC-UniversityCentre forVirus Research.The teamcompared howour genesworked whenfaced witheither ahuman orbird fluvirus,and foundthat BTN3A3blocked mostbird flu viruses,but notthe seasonal fluvirusespeople catchregularly.The studyalso foundthat someofthe（变异）bird fluviruses whichhave occasionallyinfected people,such asH7N9,also havegenetic mutationswhich meansthey can bypass the blocking effects of BTN3A
3.This meansthe presence of BTN3A3inabird fluvirus maybeastrongsignal thatit couldcause a wider outbreak in people,they said.（免疫变种）Identifying BTN3A3resistant variantswhen theyfirst appearin birdsmight help prevent humaninfections,said DrRute MariaPinto,the firstauthor ofthe study.Now,when wefind casesof bird flu,we canbasicallyexamine sickbirds andfind outwhether thevirus canovercome theBTN3A3gene,simply bylooking atits orderanddetermining ifthis virusis likelyto infecthumans Jshe said.“If thevirus canin factovercome BTN3A3,then strictermeasurementsshould beput inplace toprevent spreading.”The papercomes aftera newtype ofH5N1bird fluvirus,which transmitseasily amongwild birds,has causeddestruction in animals globally.There have been concernsthat theincreased spreadoffers moreopportunities forthevirus（哺乳动物）to infectpeople,especially asmore andmore mammalshavebeen infected.And ProfMassimo Palmarini,aco-author ofthe reporttold theBBC thatjust over50percent ofvirus samplesfrom birdsand sevencases inpeople wereresistantto BTN3A
3.
8.Why isit importantto identifyBTN3A3A.Because thegene blocksbird flu from infectinghumans.B.Because thegene canprevent bird flufrombreaking out.C.Because thegene oftendoes harmto peopleslungs andbreath tracts.D.Because thegene canforecast theoutbreaks ofbird fluviruses in humans.
9.What canbe inferredfromthe study inparagraph2A.H7N9could bewidely spreadfrom peopleto people.B.Genetic mutationsare causedby theblock ofBTN3A
3.C.People whooften catchseasonalfluvirus lackBTN3A
3.D.Human fluviruses dogreater harmto peoplethan bird fluviruses.
10.What isthe mainidea ofparagraph3A.The wayto examinethevirus.B.The significanceof identifyingBTN3A
3.C.The measurementstopreventvirus spreading.D.The approachesto preventinghuman infections.
11.What isthe attitudeoftheauthor toH5N1A.He feelsworried aboutit.B.He thinksnothing ofit.C.He ispositive aboutit.D.He doesntconcern it.【答案】
8.D
9.A
10.B
11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了一种名为的抗病毒基因（通常存在于人的肺部和呼吸道中）已经BTN3A3被发现，它可以阻止大多数禽流感病毒传播给人类，这有助于科学家预测哪些禽流感病毒可能在人类之间爆发【题详解】8细节理解题根据第一段（）“An anti-viral genecalled BTN3A3often foundin peopleslungs andbreath tracts,whichblocks mostbird flufrom jumpingto people,has beenidentified,helping scientistspredict whichbirdfluviruses could.（一种名为的抗病毒基因（通常存在于人的肺部和呼吸道中）已经被发现，cause outbreaksinhumansBTN3A3它可以阻止大多数禽流感病毒传播给人类，这有助于科学家预测哪些禽流感病毒可能会在人类中爆发）”可知，重要的原因是因为这种基因可以预测禽流感病毒在人类中的爆发故选项BTN3A3D【题详解】9推理判断题根据第二段“The studyalso foundthatsomeofthebirdfluviruses whichhave occasionallyinfected people,（变异）such asH7N9,also havegenetic mutationswhich meanstheycanbypasstheblockingeffectsofBTN3A
3.Thismeans thepresenceofBTN3A3inabirdfluvirus maybeastrong signalthatitcouldcauseawideroutbreakinpeople,.（该研究还发现，一些偶尔感染人类的禽流感病毒，如也有基因突变，这意味着它们可以绕过they saidH7N9,的阻断作用他们说，这意味着禽流感病毒中存在可能是一个强烈的信号，表明它可能会在人BTN3A3BTN3A3类中引起更广泛的爆发）”可推知，可以在人与人之间广泛传播故选项H7N9A【题详解】10主旨大意题根据第三段uIdentifying BTN3A3resistant variants（免疫变种）whentheyfirst appearin birdsmight（“当而寸药性变异helppreventhuman infections,said DrRute MariaPinto,the firstauthor ofthestudy.BTN3A3首次出现在鸟类身上时，识别它们可能有助于预防人类感染，”该研究的第一作者博士说）”Rute MariaPint可知，第三段主要是关于识别的重耍性故选项BTN3A3B【题详解】11推理判断题根据最后一段The papercomes aftera newtype ofH5N1birdfluvirus,which transmitseasily amongwildbirds,has causeddestructioninanimalsglobally.There havebeen concernsthat theincreased spreadoffers more（哺孚动物）.opportunities forthevirusto infectpeople,especially asmore andmore mammalsL havebeeninfected（在这篇论文发表之前，一种很容易在野生鸟类之间传播的新型禽流感病毒已经在全球范围内造成了动H5N1物的死亡人们一直担心，传播的增加为病毒感染人类提供了更多机会，尤其是在越来越多的哺乳动物被感染的情况下）”可推知，作者对是担忧的故选项H5N1AD（磷）Plants needphosphorus togrow.At first,people usedorganic ornatural fertilizer.In1842English agriculturalchemistJohn BennetLawes patenteda processfor treatingphosphorus-rich bonesand rockswith acid,making iteasier forplantsto obtain,and soonthe worldsfirst human-made fertilizerbegan selling.Later scientistsdiscovered thatphosphorus wasa bittricky.The fertilizerLawes producedcontained aform ofphosphorusthatplantscaneasilyuse.But assoonasthephosphorushitthesoil,alargepartofit reactedwith soilminerals,forming substancesthat cropscant access.Some alsogot lockedaway inequally unavailableorganic forms.So scientistsconcluded farmersshouldnt cutback phosphorus.They shoulduse more,especially asthey racedto feedtheworlds growingpopulations duringthe20th century.In fact,itwasonce soilscientist PaulWithers Jobtospreadtheword.As agovernment farmadvisorinthe1980s,he drovea redVolvo stationwagon aroundthe windingroads ofruralEngland tellingfarmerstomake suretheir cropsgot plentyof keynutrients.This method,which Witherscallsinsurance-basedfarming”,is stillwidely usedaroundtheworld.（遗漏的）But isthe largeamountofunused phosphorusinthesoil-so-called legacyphosphorus actuallyas difficulttoobtain asscientists oncethought EnglishcropscientistRogerSylvester-Bradley hastaken afirst commonsense step:They stoppedadding phosphorusfertilizertohalfthebarleyfieldtoseehowtheplantswouldgrow.Eight yearslater,theyhave onlyjuststartedtoobservethe firstsigns ofphosphorus shortage.Barbara Cade-Menun,who overseessimilarexperiments inCanada,says,“Our productionisnt changing.。
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