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泰安一中新校区学年第一学期高二年级月份学情诊断
2023.202412英语试题
2023.12（时间分钟，满分分）120150第一部分听力（共两节，满分分）30第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）5L
57.5听下面段对话每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选5A BC项，并标在试卷的相应位置听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅10读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍A.To Paris.B.To Berlin.C.To London.
1.Where willthe womango nextA.Chicken.B.Tomato.C.Egg
2.What doesthe mandislike in the sandwich
3.Why doesthe womanwant tochange herbookingA.To preparefor ameeting.B.To attenda party.C.To gohome earlier.
4.What doesthe mansuggest the woman doA.Go to the concert.B.Play somemusic.C.Go for a run.A.His boss.B.His colleague.C.His wife.
5.What relationis the woman toHenry第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）15L
522.5听下面段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项5A BC中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍55听第段材料，回答第、题667A.In abank.B.At abike shop.C.At home.
6.Where doesthe conversationmost probablytake placeA.A bicycle.B.Movie tickets.C.A remotecontrol car.
7.What wouldthe womanespecially like to buy听第段材料，回答第至题7810身体排泄物的价值故选
8.What impressedthe womanmost inOgasawara D【题详解】13细节理解题根据第二段“It ismuch cheaperthan alternative sampling techniques,and flexibleenough tomonitor.（它比其他抽样技术便宜得多，而且足够灵活，可以监测everything from drug use to diet and evenmental health从药物使用到饮食甚至心理健康的一切）”可知，与其他采样技术相比，废水监测的优势是有更多的用途故选A【题详解】14主旨大意题根据第三段u Wastewater surveillance has become an essential tool in over70countries formonitoring andmanaging public health.This innovativeapproach involvesanalyzing wastewatersamples todetect andtrack thepresence（寄生虫）.of various viruses,bacteria,and parasitesBy monitoringthe geneticmaterial of them in wastewater,scientistsand publichealth officialscan gainvaluable insightsinto thespread ofdiseases withincommunities.This isespecially true.（废水监测已成为多个国家监测和管理公共in poorcountries,where alternativemeans oftesting areexpensive70卫生的重要工具这种创新的方法包括分析废水样本，以检测和跟踪各种病毒、细菌和寄生虫的存在通过监测废水中它们的遗传物质，科学家和公共卫生官员可以获得有关疾病在社区内传播的宝贵见解在贫穷国家尤其如此，在那里，替代检测手段是昂贵的）”可知，第三段的主要内容是废水在疾病检测中的应用故选C【题详解】15推理判断题根据倒数第二段It couldalso be applied tomany otherareas.For example,the policecan adoptthe tooltospot criminal behavior.Anything fromconsuming illegaldrugs tohandling bombingredients couldpotentially bedetected.（它也可以应用于许多其他领域例如，警方可以采用该工具来发现犯罪行为从吸食非法毒品inwastewater到处理炸弹原料，任何事情都有可能在废水中被检测出来）”以及最后一段“Butfor wastewater surveillance to fulfillits potential,todays systemsmust betransformed intosomething morestable and organized.In addition,testing bodiesshould be open about the extent of their capabilities,and exactlyhow datawill be used.They shouldalso consultwith the（但是，为了使废水people beingmonitored.It wouldbe ashame ifprivacy worriescaused supportfor it to disappear.监测发挥其潜力，今天的系统必须转变为更稳定、更有组织的系统此外，测试机构应该公开其能力的范围，以及如何准确地使用数据他们还应该咨询被监控的人如果对隐私的担忧导致对它的支持消失，那将是一件憾事）”可推知，作者提到了废水监测的好处以及缺点，即对废水监测持谨慎态度故选B第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）
52.
512.5根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项There is an oldSpanish sayingwhich states,Tomorrow is often thebusiest dayof theweek.How manytimes have（推迟）we putoff ourdreams tilltomorrow16We have to go for themnow!Tomorrow is not promised.Nobody likesto talkabout death,but eveiybodyis goingto dieat onepoint.None ofus knowthe dayor thehour.17（坟墓）Dont goto yourtomb withunrealized dreams.Make the decision to go afterevery dream,big orsmall rightnow.18One of the biggestdream killersis fear.Many peoplecould haveachieved amazingthings ifonly theywerent afraid.Just thinkabout allthe thingsyouve wanted to go,but allowedfear toconvince（使..・相信）you that you werentgifted,or goodenough.Fear isnot real.It isa productof thoughtsyou create.Take actionsto realizeyour dream.You candream aboutwriting agreat play,but itsnever goingto happen unless you actually putpen topaper.You candream about finding a cure for cancer,but itwill neverhappen unlessyou actuallyhave thenecessary toolsto findthat cure.19Possibilities arewaiting foryou.There areso manyamazing opportunitiesand peoplewaiting foryou.How doyou getto themSimple!Follow yourdream.20Youll neversee thosedoors if you sitaround waitingforadream to come true,instead of actually workingtomake itcome true.A.Dont letfear win.B.Therefore,today isall we have.C.Youll bemuch happierifyou goforit.D.Our dreamsshould not,and cannotwait.E.In other words,dreams dontwork unlessyou do.F.You wereborn into the worldwith aunique gift,which nobodycan copy.G.Doors thatyou couldnt imagine open up when yougo after what you want.【答案】
16.D
17.B
18.A
19.E
20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文有句古老的西班牙谚语明天常常是一周中最忙碌的一天有多少次我们曾把梦想托付给明天？作者认为梦想不应等待，也经不起等待，因为未来并不确定，要实现梦想就要立刻采取实际行动作者陈述了为什么我们应该立刻就追求自己梦想的原因【题详解】16根据后句（我们现在就得去追它们!）”可知，我们应该现在就去追求梦想，所以We haveto gofor themnow!前句应该提到有时候我们会拖延梦想所以，（我们的梦想不应该D IjjiOur dreamsshould not,and cannotwait.等待，也不能等待）切题故选D【题详解】17根据前面的内容（但每个人都会在“but everybodyis goingto dieat onepoint.None ofus knowthe dayor thehour某一时刻死去我们都不知道具体的时间）”可知，每个人都会死去，但是都不知道时间，所以建议我们要珍惜现在所有的所以，项（因此,我们只有今天）切题，呼应小标题B Therefore,today isall wehave.“Tomorrow（明天是没有保证的）故选isnotpromised.B【题详解】18空处为本段小标题根据文中（恐惧是梦想最大的杀手之一）”，可知，One of the biggestdream killersis fear该段主要是关于所以，项（不要让恐惧获胜）切题故选fear ADoni letfear win.A【题详解】19该段的标题是（采取行动去实现你的梦想）”，结合上文“Take actionto realizeyour dream.“You candreamabout（你可以findingacureforcancer,but itwill neverhappenunlessyouactuallyhave thenecessary toolsto findthat cure.梦想找到治疗癌症的方法，但除非你真的有必要的工具来找到治疗方法，否则这种梦想永远不会实现）”推知，空处建议我们要行动起来，否则梦想始终是梦想所以，项（换E Inotherwords,dreams dontwork unlessyou do.句话说，如果你不去做，梦想就不会实现）切题故选E【题详解】20根据最后一句话（如果你坐等梦想实现，“Youll neversee thosedoors ifyou sitaround waitingon adream tohappen你将永远看不到那些门）”可知，如果你就坐在那里等着梦想的话，你永远没有成功的希望所以，项G Doors（当你追求自己想要的东西时，你无法想象的thatyoucouldn*timagineopenupwhenyougoafterwhat youwant.大门会为你敞开）切题，是关键词故选doors G第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分分）30第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）15115阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选A BC D项When an infectious disease broke outand supermarketshelves were21,Daniel andNancy decidedtheyno longerwanted to22others forfood.The coupledecided tostart ayear-long23where they wouldnt buy a single、thing to eat.24they wouldgrow,raise orcatch everything.Daniel said,“It issomething thatwehavewantedtodo.When thedisease
25.it gave us thatextra、
26.At thattime wewere both27and thatgave useven moremotivation to see ifwe could28ourselves.^^The pairbuilt ahouse forchickens andducks andstudied onlineabout where they wouldget allthethings theyneeded.Daniel adds,“We hadto learnso manynew thingslike howto growmushrooms and29salt from the ocean.”“Now afterfive months,they bothfeel wellbut Daniel30the firstfew weekswere difficultas theirbodies adjusted to31coffee,wine andsugar allon the same day,“he says.After threeweeks ourdesiresfor them32and now we feelgreat.Now Februaryhas come to an
33.As they survive winter,
21.A.dusty B.firm C.empty D.full
22.A.look forB.come acrossC.fall behindD.rely on
23.A.challenge B.charity C.construction D.research
24.A.Nevertheless B.Instead C.Therefore D.Besides
25.A.went B.dropped C.failed D.hit
26.A.burden B.push C.debt D.excuse
27.A.unemployed B.unconcerned C.occupied D.confused
28.A.guarantee B.protect C.feed D.control
29.A.supply B.save C.invent D.harvest
30.A.argues B.admits C.doubts D.denies
31.A.quitting B.demanding C.changing D.consuming
32.A.returned B.reduced C.existed D.doubled
33.A.head B.stop C.end D.point
34.A.positive B.hesitant C.regretful D.bored
35.A.rarely B.instantly C.merely D.officially【答案】
21.C
22.D
23.A
24.B
25.D
26.B
27.A
28.C
29.Dthey feel34about continuingwith thisway ofliving,with theirchallenge35ending inAugust.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文主要讲的是当面对在超市无法购买到食物的困境时，和这对夫妇决Daniel Nancy定自己制作食物，挑战一年不购买东西吃【题详解】21考查形容词词义辨析句意一场传染病爆发，超市货架都空了，这时丹尼尔和南希决定不再依靠别人来获取食物布满灰尘的；坚固的；空的；满的由上文的A.dusty B.firm C.empty D.full“When aninfectious diseasebrokeoutv及常识可知，传染病爆发时超市的食物被抢购一空故选C项A
32.B
33.C
34.A
35.D
30.B
101.515阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Located in the northwestof HunanProvince,about300kilometers away from Changsha,capital ofHunan,Zhangjiajie,36covers atotal areaof9,563square kilometers,isatourist cityfor itsunique natural scenery and abundanttourism resources.Zhangjiajie37award thetitle ofWorld GeologicalPark”in
2004.38actual,Zhangjiajie,honored as the mostfantastic mountainunder heaven^^and awalking Chineselandscapepainting”,is alsowidely praisedas39enlarged pottedlandscaping,,a minifairyland”and“a迷宫maze ofnature”,attracting agrowing numberof tourists40home andabroad.Since it was discoveredin the1980s,tourism industry41become theleading industryin Zhangjiajie,which hasstimulatedthe developmentof otherindustries42relate totourism.At the same time,eco-tourism hasbeen developedrapidlyin Zhangjiajie.When youcometo Zhangjiajie,you canfully appreciate43it magnificentnaturalsceneryand experienceappealing folkcustom aswell asother thrillingtourist44activity,and youwill bedeeply impressedby45is performedby theminorities there.It must be anexciting,joyful andunforgettable tourtoZhangjiajie.【答案】
36.which
37.was awarded
38.Actually
39.an
40.from/at
41.has become
42.related
43.its
44.activities
45.what【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文作者从地理位置，风景和所获称号等方面介绍了张家界【题详解】36考查非限制性定语从句句意张家界位于湖南省西北部，距湖南省会长沙公里，覆盖面积平方公里3009563先行词为指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填Zhangjiajie,which【题详解】37考查谓语动词的时态和语态句意张家界在年被授予世界地质公园称号事件发生在年且张家界20042004作主语，和动词是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填award was awarded【题详解】38考查副词句意实际上，张家界评为“天下最神奇的山”和“行走中国山水画”，也被广泛誉为“一个扩大的绿化盆栽”“迷你仙境”和“自然迷宫”，吸引了越来越多的国内外游客这里用副词修饰整个句子，故填Actually【题详解】39考查冠词句意实际上，张家界评为“天下最神奇的山”和“行走中国山水画”，也被广泛誉为“一个扩大的绿化盆栽”“迷你仙境”和“自然迷宫”，吸引了越来越多的国内外游客这里是泛指，意为“一个大的盆景，的首字母发音是元音，故填enlarged an【题详解】40考查介词的搭配句意实际上，张家界评为“天下最神奇的山”和“行走中国山水画”，也被广泛誉为“一个扩大的绿化盆栽”“迷你仙境”和“自然迷宫”，吸引了越来越多的国内外游客from home and”来自国内外”，在国内外”均符合语境故填abroad at homeandabroad from/at【题详解】41考查动词时态句意自从世纪年代被发现以来，旅游业现已成为张家界的领头产业，这也刺激了其他208与旅游业相关产业的发展根据前面的可知用现在完成时，主语是单数，故填since tourismindustry hasbecomeo【题详解】42考查非谓语动词句意自从世纪年代被发现以来，旅游业现已成为张家界的领头产业，这也刺激了其2080他与旅游业相关产业的发展前面已经有谓语动词此处用非谓语动词，与是被动has stimulated,industries relate关系，此处用过去分词，构成过去分词短语作后置定语故填related【题详解】43考查人称代词句意当你来到张家界的时候，你可以充分领略它壮丽的自然风光，体验迷人的民俗风情和其他激动人心的旅游活动，那里的少数民族表演将给你留下深刻的印象此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词scenery,指代张家界的,故填its【题详解】44考查名词复数句意当你来到张家界的时候，你可以充分领略它壮丽的自然风光，体验迷人的民俗风情和其他激动人心的旅游活动，那里的少数民族表演将给你留下深刻的印象这里意为“旅游活动”，不只一项活动，修饰名词复数，故填other activitieso【题详解】45考查名词性从句句意当你来到张家界的时候，你可以充分领略它壮丽的自然风光，体验迷人的民俗风情和其他激动人心的旅游活动，那里的少数民族表演将给你留下深刻的印象介词后面的宾语从句缺少主语，表by示“所……的（东西）”，用引导故填what what第四部分写作（满分分）40第一节（满分分）
15.假定你是李华你的澳大利亚朋友写信告诉你，他将参加他所在城市举行的“我所了解的中国美46John食”的演讲比赛，请求你为他推荐一种中国美食请你给他回信，要点包括收信时的感想；
1.推荐并介绍中国美食；
2.预祝对方取得好成绩
3.注意.词数左右；180可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯2:【答案】Dear John,Im soproud thatyour cityis goingto holdsuch aspeech competitionto promoteAustralians9awareness ofChineseculture.China hasmany deliciousfood,but Idliketorecommend myfavorite fbods-Stewed PorkBall inBrown Sauceto you,which Ioften cookathomeor eatin restaurants.This dishis composedof fourbrown meatballs,representing blessingoflife,longevity andhappiness,so itisoftenserved as the lastdish inwedding,birthday andother feasts.If youneed moreinformation about the dish,just feelfree toask me.Wish yousuccess inthe competition!Yours,sincerelyLi Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生给澳大利亚朋友写信，为他推荐一种中国美食John【详解】.词汇积累1比赛举行美味的competitionf contesthold-host delicious—tasty组成be composedof-consist of句式拓展2同义句转换原句If youneed moreinformation about the dish,just feelfree toask me.拓展句When youneed moreinformation aboutthe dish,just feelfree toask me.【点睛J[高分句型1]Im soproud thatyour cityis goingto holdsuch aspeech competitionto promoteAustralians9（运用了引导的结果状语从句）awareness ofChinese culture.that[高分句型（运用了引导条件状语从句）2]If youneed moreinformation aboutthe dish,just feelfree toask me.if第二节（满分分）25阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
47.Sally hadlonged tobecome adancer sincethree.However,a terriblecar accidentmade thatambition nearlycome toanend overnightin
2011.Sally,then a15-year-old highschool studentin Californiawas injuredseverely inthe accident（瘫痪的）that lefther paralyzedfromthewaist down.For mostpeople,that wouldhave dashedany hopeof adancingcareer.But forSally,itwasjust thebeginning ofnew life.Instead ofbeing abarrier,her wheelchairmade hermorecourageous.I wantedto proveto mycommunity andto myselfthat I was stillnormalJshesaid with a determinedlook「Whatever normalmeant.”Tn hereyes,Normal meantdancing,so Sallydid itin herwheelchair rightalongside hernondisabled highschooldance team.Half of my bodywas takenawayfromme,and Ihavetomove itwith myhands,“Sally said.It definitelytooka lotof learningand patience.”After graduation,Sally expandedher dancenetwork toinclude womenwho hadthesamesituation asher.She met（脊髓损伤），people onlinewho hadsuffered variousspinal cordinjuries andinvited themto dancewith herby sharingherdetermination.It wassuch anamazing experience.^^Hoping toreach more people ina largercity,Sally movedto LosAngelesin2016and formeda teamof dancerswith disabilitiescalled DREAM.“I want to showthat danceis dance,whether yourewalking oryoure rolling.”In Sallysdancing team,there wasa girlElla aged12,who hadbeen feelingdepressed sincethe terribleaccident.Having knownaboutthegirls situation,Sally madeefforts toseek everychance tohelp the little girlfind backtheconfidence to live.Thanks to Sallys continuousefforts,thelittlegirl recoveredphysically andmentally dayby day.Theother day,an invitationtoanational dancingcompetition arrived.After aheated discussion,they reachedan agreementthat theywouldrecommend Ellato thecompetition onbehalf of the team.注意.续写词数应为左右；1150A.Clear water.B.Colorful fish.C.White beaches.
9.What didthe womanthink of the fourbig fishA.Unusual.B.Horrible.C.Cute.
10.What arethe speakersmainly talkingaboutA.The womansfavorite place.B.The womansweekend activities.C.The womansswimming experience.听第段材料，回答第至题
8111311.What doesthe manusually getatthemoviesA.Some popcorn.B.A hotdog.C.A sandwich.
12.What doesthe womanmean byreal foodA.Food thatsclassic.B.Food thatscooked athome.C.Food thatssimilar tothat ata cafe.
13.What doesthe womanimply inthe endA.Shes tiredof goingto theaters.B.Shell comeback to the theatersoon.C.Other theatershave similarfood choices.听第段材料，回答第至题
9141714.What makesthe womanwanttoquit hercurrent jobA.The poorjob prospects.B.The lowsalary.C.The endlessovertime work.
15.How didthewomanknow aboutthe positionA.From anewspaper.B.On theInternet.C.From afriend.
16.What jobis thewoman interestedinA.A director.B.A fashioneditor.C.An assistant.
17.When willthewomanprobably receivethe replyA.On May10th.B.On May12th.C.On May17th.听第段材料，回答第至题
10182018.What can be foundnear HongcunA.Mount Huangshan.B.A bigmuseum.C.Four ancienttrees.
19.What representsthe“legs”of HongcunA.Houses.B.Bridges.C.Rivers.
20.What dowe knowabout Hongcun.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答2On hearingthe decision,Ella feltmore thanworried.The audiencestood upand clappedfbr Ellas excellent performance.【答案】On hearingthedecision,Ella feltmore thanworried.She knewthat itwas theirtrust onher thatmade hergetthe chance to dance on that large stage.So shebegan topractice hardevery day.Whenever shemet withproblems,shewould turn to Sallyfbr help.The competitionday camefinally,and itwas Ellasturn toshow herself.Ella controlledherworry andexcitement,and dancedwith gentleelegance andstrength.The audiencestood upand clappedfor Ellasexcellentperformance.Ella lookedaround andnoticed thatSally andallher teammateswere sittingunder thestage,with theireyes filledwith tearsand smileson their faces.At thatmoment,Ella knewthat she was successful.She wasvery gratefultoSallyand allher teammates.Thanks to their supportand belief,she couldgain confidenceand succeedin dancingat last.She hadmade upher mindtogoon thisway forever.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要描述残疾人为追逐自己的舞蹈梦，即使下肢瘫痪，也仍然坚持学Sally习和训练，并且帮助和她一样有残疾又想跳舞的人实现梦想【详解】.段落续写1
①由第一段首句内容“听到这个决定，感到很担心”可知，第一段可描写听到这个决定之后的心理Ella Ella活动和行动
②由第二段首句内容“观众们都站了起来，并且为优秀的表演而鼓掌”可知，第二段可描写在表演Ella Ella成功之后的感想.续写线索担心一一训练一一登台一一成功一一感谢
2.词汇激活3行为类
①信任trust/have confidencein
②求助turn tosb.for help/ask forhelp情绪类
①担心worry/concern
②激动excitement/thrill/delight【点睛】【高分句型1]She knewthat itwas theirtrust onher thatmade herget thechancetodanceonthatlargestage.（由引导的宾语从句和引导的强调句型）that itwas…that【高分句型（由引导的时间状语2]Whenever shemet withproblems,she wouldturntoSally forhelp.Whenever从句）A.Visitors canvisit allthe housesthere.B.Many movieswere filmedthere.C.It isa WorldHeritage Site.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）50第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）
152.
537.5阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出最佳选项A BC DATheskin underthe eyes is delicate,which iswhy itsometimes appearssunken andhas darkercoloring thanelsewhereon theface.Aging andhealth problemsplay arole insunken eyesbut otherfactors cancontribute too,so itmay affectyoungerpeople aswell.DehydrationThe mostcommon causeof sunken eyesisdehydration,or nothaving enoughwater inthe body.Consuming toomuch coffee,soda,and prepackageddrinks mayincrease productionof urine,which maylead todehydration.Vitamin shortagesShortagesof vitamin C,vitamin K,and ironcan causeeyes tobecome sunken.Vitamin Chelps withabsorbing ironand decreasing bruising,while vitamin K isresponsible forblood thickening,the lackof which may causeunhealthy skin.Easy bruisingand unhealthy skin willresult insunken eyes.Weight lossMost people tend to lose weight in theirface first.Sometimes,the weightloss issudden enough to make bloodvessels belowthe eyeseasy tosee,and theskin clear,producing theappearance of sunken eyes.Sudden weightloss mayalso cause nutritional shortages,which canlead tosunken eyes.Not enoughsleep orpoor-quality sleepcan causesunken eyesandapersons DNAor thehabit ofsmoking can alsocontribute tosunken eyes.Most casesofsunken eyes relatetothequality of an individuaPsnutrition andhealthy living.When thesecauses arecorrected,sunken eyescan beresolved withoutfurther treatment.This meansthat causescan beavoidedor treatedin goodtime to prevent therecurrence ofsunken eyes.
1.What canwe dotopreventdehydration accordingtothetextA.Have certaindrinks less.B.Refuse coffee.C.Drink morewater.D.Say noto softdrinks.
2.What willlead tobruising belowthe eyesA.Lack ofvitaminK.B.Water shortages.C.Lack ofvitaminC.D.Nutritional shortages.
3.Which of the followingshould beavoided forpeople losingweightA.Pale faces.B.Sudden weightloss.C.Clean skin.D.Narrow bloodvessels.【答案】l.A
2.C
3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文眼睛下面的皮肤很娇嫩，这就是为什么它有时会凹陷，颜色比脸部其他部位更深老化和健康问题是造成眼窝的原因之一，但其他因素也有影响，文章主要说明了三个容易造成眼窝的影响因素【题详解】1细节理解题根据第二段中Consuming toomuchcoffee,soda,and prepackageddrinks mayincrease productionof urine,.可知饮用过多的咖啡、苏打水和预包装饮料可能会增加尿液的产生，从而导致脱whichmaylead todehydration水由此可知，我们可以少喝某些饮料来防止脱水故选A【题详解】2细节理解题根据第三段中Vitamin Chelps withabsorbing iron anddecreasingbruising,while vitaminK isresponsiblefor bloodthickening,the lackof whichmay causeunhealthyskin.Easy bruisingand unhealthyskin willresult insunken,可知维生素有助于吸收铁和减少瘀伤，而维生素负责血液增厚，缺乏它可能会导致不健康的皮肤eyes CK容易擦伤和不健康的皮肤会导致眼窝由此可知，缺乏维生素会导致眼睛下面的淤青故选C C【题详解】3细节理解题根据倒数第二段Mostpeopletendtoloseweightintheirfacefirst.Sometimes,the weightloss issuddenenough to makebloodvessels belowthe eyeseasy tosee,and theskin clear,producing theappearance ofsunkeneyes.,可知大多数人倾向于先在脸Sudden weightloss mayalsocausenutritionalshortages,which canlead tosunkeneyes上减肥有时候，体重突然下降，眼睛下面的血管容易被看清，皮肤也会变得透明，产生眼窝凹陷的现象体重突然下降还可能造成营养不足，从而导致眼睛凹陷由此可知，减肥的人应该避免体重突然下降故选BBMy familylived inTriumph,Idaho,the USAan oldmining townwithapopulation of
33.All of the kidsat myagewere boys.People ofall agesalways lookedout for me,but theyalso broughtme someembarrassment.Iwasborn athome.The doctoroverseeing myarrival wasa familyfriend.Dad hadthen beena soldierserving inthenavy andfigured weshould savesome money.At first,my parentsdidnt havea nameforme.My nameon mybirth certificatestill read Baby Girl.And thatswhatthey calledme untilwas almost
4.When theyplanned ourfirst traintrip toMexico forvacation,we neededpassportswhich madeit easierto comeup witha name.My fatherliked the sound ofPicabo,an oldNativeAmerican settlementinthesouth.My motherand fatheragreed onPieabo.As child,was afraidof thedark,but itwas manageable.Another fearwas theRhode IslandRed Each time I went out（啄）tothe hen house to get eggs,he alwayspecked meas ifI hadstolen theeggs laid by his lover.I begancarrying astickto keephim away.However,hewasalways followingme.Later webecame goodfriends.I also liked playinghide-and-seek withhim.Our housewas oneof fourthat stoodnext toeach otheronanupper streetin town.It wasa one-story whitecottage地窖）.with nobasement andno foundation,but Daddug cellarAll ofour heatcame froma woodburningstove,where ourfoodwas cookedover anopen flame.Both ofmy parents were great cooks.
4.Why didpeople inthe towntake careofthe authorA.she wasthe onlygirl ofthesameage.B.She wasthe daughterofaminer.C.Her fatherwasadoctors friend.D.Her parentswere livinginthetown.
5.Why didthe parentsdecide toname the authorA.To havethesoundof Pieabo.B.To goon foreigntrip.C Tomake anagreement witheach otherD.To realizethe authorswish.
6.What dowe knowabouttheRhode IslandRedA.He alwaysstole theeggsB.He lovedfollowing the authors parents.C.He wasa roosterfriend ofthe authors.D.He playedhide-and-seek withhis lover.
7.What mighttheauthorthink ofher childhoodlifeA.Boring B.InspiringC.Embarrassing D.Pleasing【答案】
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文作者童年时生活的小镇总人口人，而作者那时是全镇同龄人中唯一的女孩于33是，作者处处受到关照出生以来，作者一直没有名字，直到岁时丁作者父母要带我去坐火车，才为作者取4名文章还讲述到作者的好朋友（一只公鸡），还有作者家的房子【题详解】4细节理解题由第一段及第三段“All ofthe kidsat myage wereboys.”“My nameon mybirth certificatestill可知，作者是小女孩，而作者生活的小镇上同龄人都是男孩，因此镇上的人都很照顾作者结readBabyGirl.合选项可知，故选项A【题详解】5细节理解题由第三段“When theyplanned ourfirst traintrip toMexico forvacation,we neededpassports whichmadeoit easiertocomeup withaname.n可知，父母决定为作者取名是因为他们要为作者办护照以便坐火车去墨西哥结合选项可知，故选项B【题详解】6细节理解题根据第四段中的EachtimeIwentout tothehenhouseto geteggs,he alwayspecked meas ifI hadstolenthe eggslaidbyhislover.n可判断，文中的Rhode IslandRed是一只公鸡，再根据Later webecame goodfriends.I可知，这只公鸡后来变成作者的好朋友了故选项alsoliked playing hide-and-seek withhim.”C【题详解】7推理判断题根据文中的描述第一段中的（各个年龄段的人都很关心“Peopleofall agesalwayslookedoutforme.我）”,第四段中（后来我们成了好朋“Laterwebecamegoodfriends.I alsolikedplayinghide-and-seek withhim.友我也喜欢和它捉迷藏）”，第五段中u Bothofmyparentsweregreatcooks（我父母都是很棒的厨师）”，可知作者小时候有别人的照顾，有公鸡做作者的好朋友，有做饭好吃的爸妈，由此可以推断出，作者回忆中的童年是快乐又美好的，符合作者的态度故选项pleasing D【点睛】推理判断题着重考查考生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力考生要透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等要以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点）客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释如第小题，判断作者对童年的态度，需要考生从4文章的字里行间来推测作者的观点，通过文中多处描述可推断出，作者回忆中的童年是快乐又美好的故选D项CAccording toa reportby theUnited Nations,54percent ofthe worldspopulation livesin urbanareas andit predictsthat by2050,this figure will have increased to around70percent.But asmore andmore peoplemigrate fromthecountryside tothe city toget better opportunities,they canend upwith nowhereto live.This istrue inplaces suchas Riode Janeiro,where migrantscant rentor buya home,and theyend upbuilding theirowncommunities andhouses onunoccupied land.These arecalled shantytowns-poor communitieswherethehouses arebuiltout ofcheap materials—and oftendont haveany electricityor watersupply.（大城市）These are,of course,not themegacities ofthe futurewe wanttosee.Some seriousurban planningis needed（基石tomakeour citiesofthefuture good,safe andmodern places to livein.This involvesimproving theinfrastructure出设施），the housingconditions andalso theopportunities foreducation andemployment.Something urbanplanners arelooking atnow isthe creationof smartcities”.According toJohn Rossant,founderand chairmanofthenon-profit organizationNew CitiesFoundation,technology isthe wayforward.He thinksthat itsgenerallyaccepted thafcloudcomputing,ubiquitous internet,robust5G networks,etc,will transformour cities.He saystechnology is really“a gamechanger^^in urbanisation.It wouldcollect largeamounts ofdata abouthow a city isperformingand mayimprove howacityfunctions.（乌托邦似的）This maysound likea utopianview.For now,some bigcities aroundthe worldare tryingout morelow-tech schemes to try and makethem desirableplaces to live andwork in.Building shared-ownership housingandimproving publictransport aresome ways.And encouragingcycling andbuilding bikelanes cankeep thepopulationhealthy andcut downon smog.What wouldmake yourcity abetter placetolivein
8.Whafs thetext mainly aboutA.The cityofthefuture.B.The increaseofthepopulation.C.Urban construction.D.The functionof smartcities.
9.Why doestheauthormention Riode Janeiroin Paragraph2A.To showthe growthofthe world population.B.To showthe problemsin urbanization.C.To showpoor livingconditions ofthe city.D.To showfinancial troubleofthecity.
10.What playsan importantrole inthe creationof smartcitiesA.Technology.B.Urban planning.C.The infrastructureofthecity.D.Opportunities foreducation.
11.What canwe knowfromthelast paragraphA.High-tech planscan beeasily realized.B.Public transportis welldeveloped incities.C.Shared-ownership housesmake nosense.D.Ways oflow-tech areavailable atpresent.【答案】
8.A
9.B
10.A
11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文主要内容是说明了用城市化现象来说明城市未来的发展【题详解】8主旨大意题根据第一段的54percent ofthe worldspopulation livesin urbanareas andit predictsthatby2050,this（世界的人口居住在城市地区，该组织预测，至年，figurewillhaveincreasedtoaround70percent.54%U2050这一数字将增加到左右）及全文内容可知，文章主要谈论的是城市的在未来的发展，即城市的未来故选70%A【题详解】9推理判断题根据第一段的But asmore andmorepeoplemigrate fromthe countrysidetothecitytogetbetter（但是，随着越来越多的人从农村迁移到城市，以获得更好的opportunities,they canend upwith nowheretolive.机会，他们可能最终无处居住）和第二段的（在里约热内卢这样的地This istrue inplaces suchas Riode Janeiro方确实是这样）可知，第一段提出城市化现象，第二段用里约热内卢来进行举例说明，故作者在第二段中提到了里约热内卢的原因是展示城市化问题故选B【题详解】10细节理解题根据第四段的technology isthe wayforward（技术是前进的方向）He saystechnologyisreally t6a gamechangef,in urbanisation.（他表示，科技确实是城市化的“游戏规则改变者”）可知，技术在智慧城市中的创建中起着重要的作用故选A【题详解】11推理判断题根据最后一段的一some bigcities aroundtheworldare tryingout morelow techschemestotryandmake（目前，世界上的一些大城市正在尝试更多的低技术方案，试图使它们them desirableplacestolive andwork in.成为理想的居住和工作场所）可知，通过最后一段我们知道目前有许多低技术含量的方法故选DoD（排泄）If,asthesaying goes,you arewhat youeat,then itstands toreason youalso excretewhat you are.If wefollowthis logic,it impliesthat ourbodily wastereflects ourdiet andoverall health.For instance,analyzing humanexcreta canhelp detect abnormal levels of certain chemicals,which mightreveal signsof somediseases.A newstudy showsthat analysisofacitys wastewatercanalsoprovide insightsinto thehealth andbehavior ofits（监则）residents.Such surveillance1canbeapplied to sample alltoilet userswithout knowingtheir names.It ismuchcheaper thanalternativesamplingtechniques,and flexibleenoughtomonitor everythingfromdrugusetodiet andevenmental health.Wastewatersurveillancehasbecomeanessentialtoolinover70countries formonitoring andmanagingpublichealth.This innovativeapproach involvesanalyzing wastewatersamples todetect andtrack thepresence ofvariousviruses,（寄生虫）.bacteria,and parasitesBy monitoringthe geneticmaterial ofthem inwastewater,scientists andpublic healthofficialscan gainvaluable insightsinto thespread ofdiseases withincommunities.This isespecially truein poorcountries,where alternativemeans oftesting areexpensive.It couldalso beapplied tomany otherareas.For example,the policecan adoptthe toolto spotcriminalbehavior.Anything fromconsuming illegaldrugs tohandling bombingredients couldpotentially bedetected inwastewater.But forwastewatersurveillancetofulfillits potential,todays systemsmustbetransformed intosomething morestableandorganized.In addition,testing bodiesshouldbeopenabouttheextentof theircapabilities,and exactlyhow datawillbeused.They shouldalso consultwith thepeople beingmonitored.It wouldbeashame ifprivacy worriescausedsupport forittodisappear.
12.Why doestheauthormention theexample inParagraph1A.To revealsome signsof physicalillness.B.Tointroduce amethod todetect diseases.C.To explainthe importanceof dietto health.D.Toillustrate thevalue ofstudying bodily waste.
13.What isan advantageof wastewatersurveillance overother samplingtechniquesA.It servesmore purposes.B.Itrequires ahigher budget.C.It protectsresidents9privacy.D.It ismore difficulttosample.
14.What isparagraph3mainlyaboutA.The developmentof wastewatersurveillance.B.The meansof wastewatertesting forpoor areas.C.The applicationof wastewaterin diseasedetection.D.The potentialof wastewaterin identifyingcriminals.
15.What isthe authorsattitude towardswastewater surveillanceA.Hopeful.B.Cautious.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.【答案】
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了分析人类排泄物可以帮助检测某些化学物质的异常水平，这可能会揭示某些疾病的迹象一项新的研究表明，对城市废水的分析还可以洞察居民的健康和行为【题详解】12推理判断题根据第一段（邦目If,asthesaying goes,youarewhat youeat,then itstands toreason youalso excrete世）whatyouare.If wefollow thislogic,it impliesthat ourbodilywastereflects ourdietandoverall health.For instance,.analyzing humanexcreta canhelpdetectabnormallevelsofcertainchemicals,which mightreveal signsof somediseases（俗话说，你吃什么就是什么，那么很显然，你也会排泄出你是什么如果我们遵循这个逻辑，这意味着我们的身体废物反映了我们的饮食和整体健康例如，分析人类排泄物可以帮助检测某些化学物质的异常水平，这可能会揭示某些疾病的迹象）”可推知，作者在第一段提到这个例子是为了说明研究。
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