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新课（语法写作预习）2Unit1Back toschool素养目力
1.语法句子成分和基本句型
2.Writing倡议书知识梳理语法精讲句子成分和基本句型）I子成分概述:句子是表达思想的基本单位句子成分是指在句中起着不同语法作用的部分英语的句子成分（sentenceelements）主要有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语
（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等［观察例句］黑体部分在句中作什么成分？
1.The earlybird catchesthe worm.
2.They areChinese travellingabroad.
3.In the morning weoften hearthe birdssinging merrily.
4.She boughther childa storybook.
5.There isa pictureon thewall.
6.The managerasked thecollege studentto ein.
7.Girls preferto seewomen doctors.
8.Light travelsmost quickly.句子成分意义位置例句主语
1.The roomis veryclean.主语是一个句子所叙一般位于句首（名词）subject S述的主体，主语是谓语
2.We oftenspeak English.（代词）讲述的对象.
3.Eight is my luckynumber.（数词）4To teach them Englishismyjob.（动词不定式）5Swimming isgood forour health.（动名词）
6.What wcneed isfood.（句子）
7.The poorare everywhere.（the+/族容词）谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语谓语一般放在主谓语说明主语所做的语之后
1、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成Verb V动作或具有的特征和状He practicesrunning everymorning.态；谓语必你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性；
2.保护海洋的倡议注意
1.词数100左右；
2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好Our Oceans,Our ResponsibilityJune8th wasofficially namedby theUN in2009as WorldOceans Day.拓展培优6min主题语境学校生活语篇类型记叙文难易度建议用时I expectedmy first day ofsenior high school to be anxious.I firstwent to the gymfor the school meetingthat wascrowdedwith studentsand teachers.I feltanxious because I didntknow anybody.I sat down andmet anew friend,Nick.Weexchanged greetingsand watchedthe cheerleaders（（®啦队队员）perform.I startedto like high schoolbecauseI had neverseensuch awonderful performancebefore.Nick and I walkedout ofthe gymto ourfirst classof high school.My first class wasMr.Maloufs history class.I walkedwithNick throughthe hallways（走廊），looked fora teacherand asked,Where isMr.Maloufs class”The teacher,who welaterknew wasMr.Charles,showed usthe direction.When wemet Mr.Malouf,he wasof mediumheight withbrown hair.We couldtell fromhis introductionthat heknew howeveryone in the classfelt-anxious.We feltless awkwardafter Mr.Malouf said,“OK,I knowthat this is yourfirst day of highschool,and I want this to bea good first classof yourhigh schoolbecausethisisalso my first class!”My nextclass wasMr.Kellys biology class.When wesatdown,he introducedhimselfand hopedthat hewould be the mostexcellent teacherthat wewould have at school.He calledme Mayfieldand Ifelt thatheneeded topractise myname more.He wasthe firstteacher toput us to workon myvery firstschool day.This upsetme greatlybecauseusually therewas notmuch homeworkon the first day.After school,I wastaken homeby mymom.When Igot home,I thankedGod forsuch awonderful day.I hadimaginedmy firstday wouldbe likethe onein themovie.The firstdayofhighschoolin themovie isthat ateenager isleft aloneand heorshe sits by himselfor herselfat lunch.
1.What madethe authorstart tolikehighschoolA.The cheerleaders1performance.B.Teachers*help.C.The firsthistoryclass.D.Mr.Kellys class.
2.Who showedthe authorthe waytothehistory classroomA.Nick.B.Mr.Malouf.C.Mr.Charles.D.Mayfield.A.He didntknow anybody.B.Mr.Kelly calledhim bythe wrongname.C.The teachertaught hima lesson.D.There wasmuch biologyhomework.
4.What can bethebest titlefor thetextA.A SchoolMeeting B.The FirstDay ofHigh SchoolC.A BoringBiology ClassD.Happy HighSchool Life
3.Why didthe authorfeel upsetin thebiologyclass7min主题语境学校生活语篇类型记叙文难易度建议用时When I was asenior highschool student,mathematics lookedlike abig barrier（障碍）for me and severalof myclassmates.Mr Iyer,a strictmaths teacher,was alsoour class teacher.He alwaysstuck to his discipline.We hadto arriveontime,and payundivided attention to hislectures,and darednot forgetany ofhis homework.Even so,as ourclassteacher,we got to knowhim better.Noticing someof uscouldnt sitstill andseemed anxiousoneday asthe mid-term examswere ing,he stoppedsolving a mathematical problemto askus why.“Theres too much todo Jwe sighed.WeTe frightenedthat we*ll nevermanage tofinish revisingbefore theexam.”Nothing isimpossible/9Mr Iyertold us.This classroomis on the secondfloor.Do youhave problemsreaching here”Wereplied withblank stares面无表情的凝视.No,you dont!he said,answering hisown question.You havea staircaseto helpyou climbup tothis level.No oneexpectsyou to make itin twogiant leaps大跨步・You simplytake onestep at a time.Any problemcan besolved ifyouconcentrate on the immediate action to be taken.The restwill takecare ofitself ifyou keepat it.One stepatatime.Thafs thesecret.^^Then hewrote downan oldmotto thatleft adeep impressionon meon theblackboard—the longestjourney startswitha singlestep.Having heardhis staircaseanalogy比拟,we understoodwhy heasked usthe questionand wesaw himina newlight.At last,most of my classmatesscored highlyin maths.And Iwent onto beean English teacher.To thisday,whenever Ipasson Mr Iyers invaluableadvice tomy ownstudents,they brightenup atthe prospectof alighter academicburden.
5.What isthe mainidea ofthefirstparagraph A.The wayMr Iyertaught hisstudents maths.B.The reasonwhy mathswas hardfor the author.C.The students*points ofview onMr Iyerscharacter.D.The briefintroduction ofthe authorsmaths teacher,Mr Iyer.
6.Why didMr Iyerstop solvingamathematicalproblem inclassA.MrIyerwas alittle tiredand wantedto havea rest.B.Some studentsmade troubleand affectedthe class.C.Themathematical problemwas ratherpuzzling.D.Some studentsseemed impatientand upset.
7.What isthe secretof reachingones goalaccording toMr IyerA.There isonly onestep betweensuccess andfailure.
8.Take actionquickly andmake progresslittle bylittle.C.It isimportant tomake useof a good opportunity.D.Dont hesitateto askfor helpwhen meetingwith barriers.
9.How doestheauthorlike MrIyers adviceA.Strange andimpractical.B.Incorrect andmisleading.C.Meaningful andvaluable.D.Simple anduninteresting.语法填空1773min［主题语境亨乐王语篇类型言破三难易度工建议用时On thefirstdayofmysenior highschool,I1wake up early andgottomy newschool,eager toget toknow it.Howexcited Iwas toexplore it!During myfirstclass,Mr.Meng,our Englishteacher,asked usto introduce2we oneby one.Hewent first,but Iwas toonervous3concentrate,wondering howI couldmake agoodfirstimpression.Iwasorganising mywordswhen myturn came.4hear myself-introduction,everyone inmy classstarted laughing,so I looked at them in panic.However,my teachersaid witha smile,Nice toknow weshare5same name.Although Igot awkward,his wordsmade mealot more6relax.Then,Mr.Meng explainedthat in senior highschool life,we mightsometimes meetmany7difficulty andit alldependson8we do.9final,he toldustokeep calmand beprepared soas tomake gooduse10the timeat seniorhigh.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.须是动词，体现时
2、复合谓语a.情态动词+v:He canspeak English.态和语态b.助动词He doesntlike speakingChinese.c.系动词I amseeing thefilm.表语说明主语的状况，系动词之后
1.1am a teacher.（名词）predicative性质，特征等
1.1am ten.（数词）
3.He becamerich andsuccessful.（形容词）P
4.Everyone ishere.（副词）
5.They areat homenow.（介词短语）
6.My jobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）宾语1He issitting onthe piano.（名词）表示动作所涉及的对动宾介宾object:O2He oftenhelps me.（代词）象，内容或承受者3He likesto watchTV.（动词不定式）
4.He likeswatching TV,（动词ing）说明宾语的状况，宾语后1We calledhim DongMing.（名词）宾语补足语性质，特征等2We sawhim playingsoccer.（现在分词）object3We sawhim playsoccer.（省to不定式）plement:C4We foundmath difficult.（形容词）状语自由
1.Tom runsquickly.（副词）修饰动词，形容词，副adverbial:A
1.1get up at sixevery day.（名词）词或全句的句子成分
3.In theclassroom,the boyneeds apen.（介词短语）
4.Having tofinish it,the boyneeds apen.（分词）
5.The boyneeds apen todo hishomework（不定式）定语定语是用来修饰、名词/代词前
1.These areappleattributive限制名词或代词的后trees.（名词）
2.The menhere arebusy workingon thefarm.（副词）
3.There isnothing todotoday.（不定式）同位语名词/代词
1.We studentsshould studyhard.若两个语法单位指同后
24..PTrhoefessmsoilrinWg abnogy,naefeadmsoaupsesncbioenugtihstt,bwyihllisgimveotuhsera.（tal现k.在分词，appositive一个人或事物，并且句过去分词短语）法功能也一样，那么后一项代词称为前一项的同位语对点特训分析下列句子成分J_apologized herfor steppingon herfoot.
①②⑥1•‘°®The meetingheld yesterdaywas important.2;
①②演
④Dont forgetto wakeme upat sixtomorrow morning.
3.
①②③We sawthem playingfootball onthe playground.
①④⑤4•Every dayhe wasforced towork frommorning tillnight.
5.
①@@
④基本句型概述按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫作简单句简单句有八种基本句型［观察例句］下列句子属于什么句型？
1.Everyone breathes,drinks andeats.
2.Tom canspeak Chinese.
3.My brothersare allcollege students.
4.My sistertold mea story.
5.We findthe bookinteresting.
6.My parentslive inBeijing.
7.Ilookedattheminpanic.
8.There aremany treesaround our school.1A.主+谓SV这例种如句型Th中e的wa谓te语r i动sb词oi是lin不g及.物动词，没有直水接开宾了语；但常带有状语They havebeen waiting.他们一直在那儿等The trainwill leave.火车就要开了2B.主+谓+宾SVO这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去），否则会视为“句子不完整”Tom hasa brother.汤姆有一个弟弟They wantedto havea rest.他们想歇息一会儿He successfullycarried outhis plan.他成功地实行了他的计划3）C.主+系+表（SP）英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词这类动词常见的有常见的系动词:
1.表状态be,keep,remain,stay（保持）
2.表感官:look,feel,sound,smell,taste（〜起来）
3.表变化:bee,go,grow,turn,fall,get（变成）
4.表似乎:seem,appear（相似、显得）
5.表结果;prove（证明是）,turn out（结果是）例如This machineis ingood condition.The gardensmells pleasant.这台机器的情况良好Silk feelssoft andsmooth.这座花园香气怡人4）D.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVIODO）丝绸摸起来又软又滑此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语“间接宾语”多由代词或名词充当；“直接宾语”，往往由名词充当这类句型常有”给某人某物“、”送某人某物“、”留给某人某物”等意思常见的这类谓语动词有buy,bring,get,give,pass,read,tell,take,teach,write,award（授予某人），hand（递给某人）,lend,leave,pay,rent,remend（将某人推荐给），send,show等例如（注上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中）He broughtmeacoat.他给我带来一件大衣Pass methe dictionary,please.请将词典递给我I lendhim mybicycle.我把自行车借给他了5）E.主+谓+宾+宾补（SVOC）此句型概括了这样一种情况有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即宾语+宾语补足语）在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语“做什么“、“怎么样”等方面进行补充说明宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有ask,allow.appoin（t任命）,believe,call,cause,catch,consider,elec（t选举）,expect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,know,let,listen to,look at,make,notice,see,smell,start,watch,tell,think,want,wish等等例如我们选他当班长The newsmade mehappy.那消息使我很高兴We electedhim ourmonitor.We knowhim tobe anexpert.我们知道他是专家He heardsomebody openingthe door.他听见有人在开门I foundmyself indark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里6主语+谓语+状语SVA英语中的主语一般位于句首是句子陈述的对象谓语动词做谓语状语一般副词做状语，表示时间,地点，原因，方式.等的也是状语主谓状
1.He runsfast其中he是主语run是谓语动词fast副词做状语
2.He getsupearly in themorning.He是主语get up动词短语作谓语earlyinthemorning作状语The boyspoke loudlytohisteacher.He spokein alow voice.He talkedtoomuch.She wenthome verylate yesterdayevening.The meetingwill lasttwo hours.7主语+谓语+宾语+状语SVOAI forgotto mailthe letteryesterday.时间状语Unfortunately,I forgotto mailthe letteryesterday.时间状语Ihadmyfirstmaths classinseniorhighschool.地点状语8there be句型There be句型是英语中常用句型，意思是“有“，表示“人或事物的存在“或“某地有某物”There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义There be句型中的be应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“近主原则”，如There isa lamponthetable.There aresome applesinthebowl.There arefive books,two pensand a ruler inthe schoolbag.There isaruler,two pensand fivebooks intheschoolbag.w对点特一・Match thesentences belowwith thecorrect structures.Write theletters inthe brackets.a SVc SVOe SVOCg SVOAbSVP dSVOO fSVA
1.Weather mattersa greatdeal.
2.School mealsare freshand healthy.
3.Our schooloffers studentsa balanced diet.
4.A balanceddiet keepsthe bodyhealthy.
5.Students havefresh fruitand vegetables.
6.Amy likeswatching Englishfilms verymuch.
7.English learningis interesting,meaningful andpractical.
8.Focusing onusing Englishmakes Englishlearning moreeffective^
9.The speechbegan.
10.She acquiresagoodknowledge ofEnglish.二.句子成分和结构
1.We aredancing
2.Tom canswim verywell.
3.You mustget theyour workfinished bytomorrow.
4.He gavehis daughtersome adviceon reading.
5.Both Tomand Jackenjoy reading.
三、根据要求翻译句子1•你们必须在两周内看完这些书主谓宾
2.冬季白天短，夜里长主系表
3.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了双宾结构
4.明天我要找人来修理机器主谓宾补四.用所给句型翻译下列句子
1.我每天起得很早SVA__________________________________________
2.今天下午我想和你谈谈SVOA___________________________________________
3.奶奶给我讲了一个有趣的故事SVIODO
4.我要你把真相告诉我°SVOC__________________________________________
5.这个报告听起来很有意思SVP___________________________________________
6.汤姆已经离开了SV__________________________________________
7.我们完成了作业SVO__________________________________________
8.在拐角处有一家餐馆存现句_______________________________________________写作精讲倡议书倡议书属于应用文的一种，由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成一般用将来时或一般现在时题目常会给出标题、称呼、结尾、落款这四部分，考生只需完成正文即可这类写作的正文包括倡议的目的、内容以及呼吁［基本框架］
1.开头——点明发出倡议的目的；
2.主体——详细说明倡议的内容；
3.结尾——对特定对象发出呼吁注意事项该体裁观点鲜明，情感真挚观点鲜明，显示着说话者对一种理性认识的肯定，也显示着说话者对客观事物见解的透彻程度，能给人以可信性和可靠感，情感真挚才能打动人，引起共鸣［常用词块］
1.What Fmtalking abouttoday ismy dream.我今天要谈论的是我的梦想
2.Its niceto speakabout whatwe can do forour school,andIthink eachof uscandosomething.很高兴谈谈我们能够为学校做些什么，我认为我们每个人都可做到
3.Its myhonour tostand hereand saysomething aboutfriendship.很荣幸站在这里谈论关于友谊的话题
4.Nowadays,people inbig citiesare plainingabout theheavy traffic.现在，生活在大城市里的人们在抱怨严重的交通阻塞
5.Good listeningcan alwaysshow respect,promote understanding,and improveinterpersonal relationship.善于倾听能够显示出对于别人的尊重，促进相互理解，改善人际关系※正文佳句
1.As weall know,failure isthe motherof success,but fewpeople canreally understandwhat thesaying means.我们都知道失败是成功之母，但是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛
2.Now ifyou askme whatI wanttobewhen Igrow up,I willsay withouthesitation thatIwanttobeateacher,particularly anEnglishteacher!如今你若问我长大想干什么，我会毫不犹豫地回答我想当个老师，尤其是当一名英语老师！
3.Today Ialso havea dream-tomakeour countrystronger and more prosperous.今天我也有一个梦想——让我们的国家变得更加强大，更加繁荣
4.From thispoint ofview,we cansee moreandmorepeople tendto offerhelp tothose introuble.从这个角度来看，我们可以看到越来越多的人倾向于帮助那些处于麻烦中的人
5.No onecan denythe factthat exercisingregularly andkeeping abalanceddietbenefit ourhealth greatly.没有人能够否认这一事实经常锻炼和保持均衡的饮食对健康非常有益处
6.The thingwe shoulddo isto protectthe facilitiesin ourschool.我们应该做的是保护好我们学校的设施※余味结尾
1.If everyonedoes onething forourschool,I believewe willturn ourschool intoa betterplace to study andlive in.如果每个人都为学校做些事情，我相信我们学校会变成一个更有利于大家学习和生活的地方
2.In myopinion,we shouldtry todevelop healthyeating habitsto buildupastrong body.Only inthis waycan wehaveenough energytostudybetter.在我看来，我们应该尽力养成健康的饮食习惯来强身健体只有这样我们才能够拥有足够的精力以便于更好的学习
3.As longas wework together,we canmake theimpossible possible.只要我们众志成城，一切皆有可能
4.If youcherish it,you willhaveasuccessful life!珍惜它，你就会拥有成功的生活越来越多的汽车进入了我们的家庭，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如堵车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来了极大的危害请你以学生会的名义，就交通安全问题用英语给全体学生写一封倡议书内容包括
1.遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线；
2.别在街道或马路上玩耍；
3.劝父母不要酒后驾车注意
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯参考词汇斑马线zebra-crossing【学生习作】点评Dear schoolmates,
1.文章主体结构安排欠合理第二段可以分More andmore carsare ing into ourfamilies andwe arehappy成两段that they have greatlyimproved our life.But unluckily,theyhavealso2,句式较为单调有些句子可以适当整合以brought manyproblems,such asheavy trafficand trafficaccidents.提升句子质量，增强表达效果Traffic safetyis everybodys business.We mustobey therules.For example,we mustwalk onthe sidewalks,when we
3.词汇选择以初级词汇为主应多用一些高级词汇cross zebra-crossing,stop,look rightand left,and thengo acrossfast.Don*t playontheroad.We cantell ourparents not to drinkbeforethey drive,not torun throughred lights,nottotalk andlaugh whiletheyare driving.Cars areingintoourlife,but wecanbesafe todriveon roadsand walkon sidewalksonly wheneverybody thinkstrafficsafety iseverybodysbusiness.The Students*Union【升格作文】Dear schoolmates,Lets takeimmediateaction!The StudentsUnion对点特训假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你校正在开展“创建美丽校园”的活动请你用英语给全校学生写一封倡议书要点包括
1.创建美丽校园的重要性；
2.校园内存在的不文明现象；
3.你的态度注意
1.词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
4.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear fellowstudents,Pm writingto callon everyoneto takean activepart inbuilding abeautiful campus.。
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