第05讲　冠词代词（知识讲解巧学巧练）（学生版）

目标1冠词和代词用法相关解题技巧目标2第讲冠词、代词05基础知识第讲冠词1考点精讲一不定冠词a/an【情境导入】My friendLinda is an honestgirl studyingin auniversity

1.We areof anage,and weboth drinkacup ofmilk aday,.So wethink acow isvery useful.［规则感悟］不定冠词的用法

①表示泛指“某个”当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an

②表示“同一，相同”

③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈

④表示每一，相当于per/each/every

⑤表示“一类”事物o

1.不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”He missesthe goldmedal in the highjump,but hewill get a secondchance in the longjump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会

2.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个，相当于some/a certainAMr Whitewith somebig bagsis waitingto seeyou at the schoolgate.一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你

3.不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等具有此用法的名词有物质名词rain,snow,fog,wind,drink,coffee,beer,fire,paper等；抽象名词上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the+单数名词/不可数名词”

③the one替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the+单数名词”

④theones替代复数名词，相当于“the十可数名词复数”

⑤those替代复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时），相当于“the+可数名词复数”

⑥ones替代复数名词所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them

1.another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”，表示“另外的……（多少）”“基数词/few+other+复数名词”也表示“另外的……（多少）”Another threestudents wentto thatparty.=Three other students wentto thatparty.另外3个学生去了那个聚会

2.no one,none,nobody,nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定当not与不定代词all,both,everyone,everybody,everything等或“every+名词”连用时，不管not在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定None of us wasgoing to the party.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会Not all of themsmoke.=All of them don t smoke,他们当中不是所有人都吸烟【对点练习】

1.Success isjust on the side.You have to wantit enough,and bewilling enoughto getit.

2.Many singlessay theregular datingscene hasjust ledthem fromone badexperience toand arereadyto trysomething else.

3.Nobody likes to talkabout death,but thereality is-everyone isgoing todie atone point,but of usknow theday,or the hour.；

4.Both teamswere inhard trainingwas willingto lose the game.

5.Mr Zhanggave me a veryvaluable present,that I have neverseen.【解题策略】作主语——用人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词作宾语、表语——用人称代词宾格、不定代词、名词性物主代词句子成分作宾语、表语且与主语为同一人或物——用反身代词分析法作定语——用形容词性物主代词作形式主语或形式宾语指代上文提到的同一个事物强调句型或含有it的固定结构指天气、时间、距离或环境情况句子结构L分析和指

1.As thesong goes,this longand windingroad“will neverdisappearv,and itwill alwaysstick in the visitors memory.lt代判断itsure does in（I）.（2021•新高考全国I）

2.Data aboutthe moons position,such ashow muchice andother treasuresit contains,could helpChinadecide whether（it）plans fora futurelunar（月球的）base arepractical.（2020・全国I）

3.It wassweet andfresh.Mary lovedit.She wasextremely pretty,and herhouse was a reflectionof（she）,everything ingood tasteand inperfect order.（2021•方斤江6月）

4.Many westernerswho eto Chinacook muchless thanin theirown countriesonce theyrealize howcheapcan beto eatout.（2018•浙江6月）1圉过关检测I单句语法填空

1.（2018•浙江嘉兴基础测试）Later,her roleas QueenAmidala inStar Warsmade herinternationalsuperstar.

2.（2018•河南洛阳第一次统考）“As soonas heopens（he）mouth andsings inChinese,theChinese arevery surprisedand theyfeel proudof him,n saidhis musicteacher.

3.（2018•太原模拟）Then heopened one of hisbags andgave mehandful offreshlypicked cherries,explaining that he hadjust takenthem fromhis orchard.

4..（2018•浙江金、丽、衢十二校联考）Linda,please tellmealittle bitabout（you）.

5.（2018,江西赣中南五校一模）Dating sitesalso makeeasy toavoid someonewhoyou arenot interestedin.

6.（2018•山东师大附中模拟）At thatmoment anattractive younglady whonoticed mybook（）came up to me and introducedher.

7.（2018•江西九江一中第一次月考）is alsofun to eat inrestaurants there.

8.（2018•湖北八校第一次联考）1suddenly realizedI hadgrown upand that I hadto lookafter（）meandlive independently.

9.（2018•云贵川百校联考）But itsdifficult for me todecide what activities weshould organize（）and howto planthey.

10.（2018•长沙一模）After work,he learnedto playguitar.He likedliving onthefarm,for thelife wassimple.II单句改错

1.（2018•河北邯郸联考）At first,I decidedtoeatless inorder tolosetheweight.

2.（2018•洛阳统一考试）1could onlytell hima truth.Instead ofscolding,he praisedmy honestyandthen encouragedme toapologize toour neighbor.

3.（2018•石家庄检）U一）In thefact,this happensin manyplaces ofinterest.I havesomesuggestions tosolve this problem.

4.（2018・湖d匕武汉武昌区高三调研）Finally,I workedharder thanever andmade greatprogressin hermath.____________________

5.（2018•河南毕业班适应性考试）A manimmediately rushedto thegirl togive himfirst aid.------success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,wonder,fort,danger,shock等After weprepared allthe equipmentfor anoutdoor photography,suddenly aheavy raincame.我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后，突然下起了大雨Tony isa famouspianist.rmabsolutely certainthat hisconcert thisSunday will be asuccess.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功

5.a+most+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”，most在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very,而“the+most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”For agreat manymen andwomen,romance can be amost importantpart ofmarriage.对许多男人和女人来说，爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分It isone of the mostoriginal worksof imaginationin theEnglish language.它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一

1.In Chineseculture,each yearis relatedto_Chinese animalaccording to the12year cycle.

2.He notonly isthe beststudent inour class,but alsohas excellentsense ofhumour.

3.He smiledback asif togive mea receiptand I would preservehis smilefor_long time.

4.One thingwe cando tohelp solvethisproblemis walkor use_bicycle whenpossible.考点精讲二定冠词the【情境导入】Mr Smithisateacher fromthe UnitedStates

1.He wasthe firstforeign teacherI hadmet.In the1990s3,he andhis wifewere travelingalong theYangtze River1when aship waswrecked.The Smithscameuptohelp theinjured andsaved a boy bycatching himby thearm.The boys parentssaid theywerethe kindestpeople inthe world2They wouldremember thecouple forever.［规则感悟］定冠词的用法

①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前

②用于序数词之前

③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”

④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前

⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”

⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物

⑦摸/打/抓（等表动作的词）+sb+介词+the+身体部位

⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前

⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物

1.被演奏的西洋乐器前用the,但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词As faras Iknow,he likesplaying thepiano butdoesn,t likeplaying football.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球

2.用在表计量的名词前,如by thehour,by theday,by thedozen,by themeter等但是如果是在抽象名词前,则不用冠词,如by weight,by time,by length,by size等I gotpaid bytime.To beexact,I gotpaid by thehour.我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱

3.定冠词的常见固定搭配at themoment止匕亥lj；目前intheend最后,最终to tellthe truth说实话on the other hand另一方面bytheway顺便说一下in themiddleof在……中间atthesame time同时on thecontrary相反on thewhole总的来说inthedistance在远处to thepoint中肯；切题make themost/best of充分利用【对点练习】

1.She stayedup untileleven thirtyone eveningon purposejust to see moonlight.

2.Robert Bruce,leader ofthe Scotsin13th century,was hidingin acave fromthe Englishthen.

3.Smoking isoneofbiggest causesof preventabledeaths inEngland.；

4.Greens area happycouple theyhave beenmarried for30years.

5.injured havebeen sentto hospitalwhere theywillbetreated.考点精讲三零冠词【情境导入】When learningthat teachersare badlyneeded inremote districts\Lily volunteeredto

②teach in a remoteplace.Local peoplehave madeher headmasteroftheschool since her arrivaland sheteachesChinese,maths”,and Englishherself fromspring towinter1and fromMonday toSunday

1.On weekends,she teachesherstudents to playvolleyball andchess’.When shefinds manychildrenattending schoolwithout havinglunch,she raisesmoney forthe childrens meals.［规则感悟］常用零冠词的几种情况

①表泛指的可数名词复数或不可数名词前

②表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时

③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词

④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词

⑤名词前已有this,that,my,her,some,each等限定词时不再用冠词

⑥表示球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词

⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠词

1.用于固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”Young manas heis,he hasseen muchoftheworld.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富

1.While youre inChina,Mount Huangshanis_must tovisit!（2021•新高考全国I）

2.Of nineteenrecognized polarbear subpopulations,three aredeclining,six arestable,one isincreasing,and ninelack enoughdata.（2019•全国I）第讲代词2考点精讲一人称代词、物主代词和反身代词*【情境导入】11am asenior highschool studentand11want tojoin our2school footballteam,but the

（2）person incharge hasrejected me.1havetospend my~spare timepracticing footballto improvemyself.Look!The footballunder thebed ismine.lt has been wornout.［规则感悟］

①为人称代词的主格形式作主语

②为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语

③为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语

④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语

⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语

（一）代词的形式类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词I memy minemyself第一人称we usour oursourselvesyou you your yoursyourself第二人称youyouyour yoursyourselveshe himhis hishimselfshe herher hersherself第三人称**its itsitselfIt Ittheythem theirtheirs themselves

（二）反身代词的习惯用法by oneself独自地for oneself亲自；为自己of oneself自动地与介词搭配in oneself本质上；本身apply oneselfto专心致志于behave oneself举止得体；行为检点dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣devote oneselfto致力于；献身于help oneselfto随便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得与动词搭配开心seat oneself就座；入席make yourselfathome另客气teach oneself自学

（三）的用法it

1.指天气、时间、距离、环境等It isearly spring,but it is alreadyvery hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了It istwenty milesfrom heretothevillage.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路

2.代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词Although hedoesn tlike it,I decidetoseethe movieanyway,尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看3•指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人（由于某种原因而不知对方是谁）What willyou callit ifitisaboy要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？

4.用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句lit作形式主语的常用句型

①It+be+M/./zi.+for/of sb+不定式It isimportant forstudentstolearn Englishwell.对学生来说学好英语是重要的It wasfoolish ofhim toleave thedoor openafter heleft theoffice.他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了

②It isno good/use/useless doingsth.做某事是没有好处/用处的It isno usecrying overthe spiltmilk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的覆水难收

③It+be+名词词组a pity/a fact/no wonder.../adj.+that从句It isa pitythat you can tgo withher.很遗憾你不能和她一起去

④It+特殊动词短语seem/叩pear/turn out/occur tosb...+that从句It seemsthathehas madea seriousmistake.他似乎犯了一个严重的错误

⑤It+be+过去分词+that从句It isreported that20people werekilled inthe earthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震

⑥It takessb time/patience/effort/energy to do sthIttook himmuch energyto writethe novel.写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力2it作形式宾语的常用句型iin+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+\t+adj,ln.+for/of sbtodosth/宾语从句I findit easyto geton withJim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易He didnt makeit clearwhen andwhere themeeting wouldbe held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议3用于like,enjoy,hate,love,appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend011/叩011,56010等动词短语后，再接\¥116口，if,that等引导的从句r dappreciate itif youcould attendour party.如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激

5.1t的常用短语或句型lWhen itestolearning English,reading widelyis ofgreat importance.当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要21can thelp itif heis alwaysplaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法3We finallymade ittotheairport thoughit wasrainy.尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场4As someoneputs it,practice makesperfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧51take itthat youdon tagree withthe manager.我想你不同意经理的意见6It is/hasbeenthree yearssincehejoined thearmy.他参军已经三年了7It wasthree yearsbefore hereturned home.过了三年他才回家【对点练习】

1.He livesa veryregular life,studying everyday andnever allowingheto fallbehind inhisschoolwork.

2.When toldthat itwas aloss tohumans,the farmersburst intolaughter andresponded,“Our reallossiswe decreasingine.”

3.While makinga choicefrom variousways ofspending ourtime,we oughtto ensuresomething thatrestoresour lostenergy andcheerswe up.

4.I havemade clearthat I will notaccept thisjob.

5.Given hope,I amconvinced thata breakthroughcan eat anyage ifwe havefaith inourselves andkeeplearning andworking for.

6.There isa knockonthedoor.might bethe postman.*考点精讲二不定代词【情境导入】

1.all/every/both/each/neither/noneThere are50students inmy class.Though notallofus arestudying well,we all1study2hard.Every studenthas adream university,though notevery studentcanbeadmitted toa famousone.My deskmateand Iboth3like music,but bothofusdon twant toenter amusic academy.Each1ofus haschosen ourfuture college.We have14teachers inall,none ofwhom treatus badly.However,mydeskmate andI areboth fat,so neitherofuslove PEclasses.［规则感悟］

①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”o作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定

②every强调（整体中的）每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个，与not连用构成部分否定

③both表示“两者（都）”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”

④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个“，可以与of短语连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致

⑤none表示“（三者及三者以上中）无一个”或“没有一点儿后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可

⑥neither表示“（两者）都不单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可

2.anything/nothing/something/everything一Do youhave anythingto say about yourexam

②■一No,I havenothing to sayabout it.一I hopeyou canshare somethingspecial aboutyour school.一Ihavetold youthatIdonthave anything1tosayaboutit.Everything1has gonewrong.［规则感悟］

①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中

②nothing表示“什么也没有“，用于否定句中©something表示“某事（物）”，一般用于肯定句中

④every thing表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数

3.the other,another,others与the others一Excuse me.Can youexchange thisTshirt foranotherone Someothers2say itdoesn tfit mewell.

③；——Of course.This Tshirtesintwo sizesyoucantry onthe otherone.——Don tbother.There areso manyshops andIwillgo tothe others［规则感悟］

①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词

②others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用

③theother可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”

④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others

4.替代i司that,those,one,ones,the one,the onesI found abeautiful coatinashop,but itwas veryexpensive.Luckily,Ifoundone lookingthe sameonlineand itwas muchcheaper thanthat/the oneinthephysical shop.However,when Ireceived thecoat,I realizedthough theones1sold onlinewere muchcheaper,they werenot asgood asthose inphysicalshops.Iwouldrather spendmore moneyon betterones ofhigh quality.［规则感悟］

①one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an+单数名词”

②that替代。