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第三讲非谓语动词教案定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以充担句子的任何成分状种类时态主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语语一般To doTo bedone■■■.■■式不定式进行式To bedoing完成To haveTo havebeen式done done•股■■■■Doing Beingdone式动名词完成Having beenHavingdone式done一般■■■■Doing Beingdone现在分式词Having been完成式Having donedone过去分■■■■Done一般式词形式功能动词不定式动词不定式（to）+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征否定式not+（to）do以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下
（1）一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之C.used totell D.used to tellingA.to doB.doing C.with D.to bedoing
5.Go on the otherexercise after you have finished this one.MET
896.—What doyou think of thebook—Oh,excellent.It sworth asecond time.MET89A.to readB.to beread C.reading D.being readA.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
8.There wasa terriblenoise thesudden burstof light.MET89A.followed B.following C.to befollowed D.being followed
9.Good morning.Can Ihelp yourd liketo havethis package,madam.MET89A.be weighedB.to beweighed C.to weighD.weighed
10.She pretendedme whenI passedby.MET98D.having notseenA.not tosee B.not seeingC.to notsee
11.more attention,the treecould have grown better.MET90A.Given B.To giveC.Giving D.Having given
7.Do youknow theboy underthe bigtree MET
8912.Most of the artiststo the party were from South Africa.MET90A.invited B.to inviteC.being invitedD.had beeninvited
13.Tom keptquiet aboutthe accidentlose his job.MET90A.so notas toB.so asnot toC.so as to notD.not so as to
14.She searchedthe topof thehill andstopped on a bigrock bythe sideof thepath.MET90A.to haverested B.resting C.to restD.rest
15.Last summerI tooka courseon.MET90A.how tomake dressB.how dressbe madeC.how to be madedress D.how dressto be made
16.The secretaryworked lateinto thenight,a longspeech for the president.MET91A.to prepareB.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
17.Shes upstairsletters.NMET91A.writes B.is writingC.write D.writing
18.The speakerraised hisvoice butstill couldn，t makehimself.NMET91A.hear B.to hearC.heating D.heard
19.The murdererwas broughtin,with hishands behindhis back.MET91A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to betied D.tied
20.On Saturdayafternoon,Mr.Green wentto themarket,some bananasand visitedhiscousin.MET91A.bought B.buying C.to buyD.buy
21.Jane wasmade______the truckfor aweek asa punishment.MET91A.to washB.washing C.wash D.to bewashing
22.Mr.Smith warnedher daughterafter drinking.MET91A.never todrive B.to never driveC.never drivingD.neverdrive
23.The lightin theoffice isstill on.Oh,I forgot.MET91turn itoffA.turning itoff B.D.having turnedit offC.to turnit offtheAtlantic Oceanin fivedays.MET
9124.I canhardly imaginePeter acrosssailingD.to havesailedA.sail B.to sailC.MET
9225.Shall wego skatingor stayat homeWhich_____do yourselfwouldyou ratherA.do yourrather B.E.should youratherC.will yourather高三英语总复习语法专项练习非谓语动词高考题选参考答案
1.A see是感官动词，后接不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，表示从小看到长大成人的全过程
2.B sit与chair有逻辑上的动宾关系sit是不及物动词，故需要介词on,且to sit on只能用主动表被动〃It is+adj+to do〃为固定句式，用主动表被动
3.A从原题中的before这一信息词可暗示考生remember后接having done/doing/to havedone等表示〃记得做过了〃
4.C从原题中when we were young这一信息句可判断，应用used to/would表示过去常常A项〃被使用去做…〃B项〃现在习惯于做…〃D项是语法错误
5.A从原题中afteryouhavefinishedthisone和the otherexercise这一信息句可知，A项表示继续做与原来不同的事B、C项是表示继续做与原来相同的事D项不符合语法
6.C bewell worthdoing是惯用法，其中doing是主动形式表示被动意思
7.D lying是现在分词作后置定语，相当于who islying这样的定语从句lie是不及物动词〃躺〃的意思
8.B noise与follow之间是主动关系，故用现在分词following作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句whichfollowed thesudden burstof light.
9.D原题中的have只能理解成使役动词，故have sth.done是找人干某事如果把have理解成〃有〃的意思，答语应改为I havea packageto beweighed.
10.A pretend后只接不定式作宾语，且not应放在不定式to之前
11.A give与主句中的主语the tree之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且从主句看，考生应知，这是一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句故该句相当于If thetree hadbeen givenmore attention,the treecouldhavegrownbetter.
12.A原题werefromSouthAfrica可知，theparty已开完故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成
13.B soasto相当于in orderto,它的否定式应放在不定式to之前［注意］soasto不用于句首
14.C stopto do sth.=stop anddosth.是停下来所做的事而去做另一件事stop doing是停止做某事
15.A疑问词how加不定式，可作介词的宾语
16.B用现在分词作伴随状语A项是不定式，可做目的状语，但目的状语前不用逗号C、D属语法错误
17.D可参看16题
18.D makeoneself done是惯用法在本题的意思是〃使自己的声音被别人听到〃
19.D在with结构中，hands与tie之间的关系是被动关系，故排除B项tied不仅表示被动，还表示完成动作，故排除A、C项
20.A从原题中的最后一个动作and visit6d可知，这是三个一连串的动作作谓语
21.A makesb.do这一句型变成被动语态时为bemadeto dosth.
22.A warnsb.not neverto dosth.是惯用法
23.C forgetto dosth.是〃是忘记去做某事“，forget与remember的用法一样可参看3题
24.C imagine后接动名词作宾语Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，也可写成Peters,它们合起来称为动名词的复合结构
25.B wouldrather dosth.是惯用法，变问句时，把would提前后.例如r mnice to meet you.很高兴见到你He seemsto knowa lot.他看起来懂得很多
（2）进行式不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如The boypretended to be workinghard.男孩假装工作得很努力He seemsto bereading inhis room.看起来他正在他的房间里面读书
（3）完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如I regrettedhaving tolda lie.我后悔我说谎了I happenedto haveseen the film.我偶然看过这部电影不定式的句法功能作主语To finish the workin tenminutes is very hard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式It is very hardto finishthe workin tenminutes.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的It means failure tolose your heart.灰心、意味着失败常用句式有
1、It+be+名词+to do2^It takessb.+some time+to do
3、It+be+形容词+of sb+to do常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语作表语Her jobis toclean thehall.她的工作是打扫大厅作宾语下面谓语动词后常和不定式联用want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,例如I wanttobea scientistin thefuture.At last,Tom managedto geton thebus andarrived ontime.注意如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如:Max foundit necessaryto keepthe goodhabit ofgetting upearly.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如I haveno choicebut towait for him here.我只能留在这里等他，别无选择He didnothing lastSunday butrepair hisbike.他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干作宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如With alot ofwork to do,he didn，t goto thecinema,他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加t，如I sawhim cross the road.我看见他横过公路He wasseen tocrosstheroad.他被我看见横过公路作定语动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后与所修饰名词有如下关系
①动宾关系（被动关系）I havea meetingto attend.我有一个会议要出席注意不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如He founda goodhouse to live in,他找到了一个居住的好房子What didyou openit with你用什么打开它如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词He hasno placetolive.他无处安身This isthe bestway towork outthis problem.这是解决这个问题的最好办法
②说明所修饰名词的内容We havemade aplan tofinishthe work.我们制定了一,个完成工作的计划
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语He isthe firstto gethere.他第一个来到这儿作状语
①表目的He workedday andnight toget themoney.他夜以继日地工作来赚钱She soldher hairto buythe watchchain.她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致To savemoney,every meanshas beentried.To savemoney,he hastried everymeans.为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数To learnEnglish well,a dictionaryis needed.To learnEnglish well,he needsa dictionary.为了学好英语，他需要一本词典
②表结果（往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外）常放在never only后He arrivedlate onlyto findthe trainhad gone.他来晚了，只见火车已经走了I visitedhim onlyto findhim out.我去拜访他，只见他出去了
③表原因常放在形容词后面They werevery sadto hearthe news.他们听到这条新闻非常伤心
④表程度Its toodark forus tosee anything.太暗了，我们什么也看不见The questionis simpleforhimto answer.这问题由他来回答是很简单的不定式的并列第二个不定式可省略toHe wishedto studymedicine andbee adoctor.他希望学医并成为医生练习1:判断下列句子中不定式的成分及功能To loseyourheartmeansfailure.It is very niceof youto helpme withthework.He appearsto havecaught acold.It isunwise of them todo likethat.Weve decidedto putonashort playnext week.She thoughtit unnecessaryto arguewith himabout it.The teacherasked usto recitethe texts.The childhas nothingto worryabout.To supporthis family,he workedvery hardday andnight.动名词动名词的形式Ving否定式not+动名词
1.一般式Seeing isbelieving.眼见为实
2.被动式He cameto theparty withoutbeing invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会
3.完成式We rememberedhaving seenthe film.我们记得看过这部电影
4.完成被动式He forgothaving beentaken toGuangzhou whenhe wasfive yearsold.
5.否定式not+动名词I regretnot followinghis advice.我后悔没听他的劝告动名词的句法功能作主语Reading aloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的Collecting stampsis interesting.集邮彳艮有趣当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语Its nouse quarrelling.争吵是没用的作表语In theant city,the queen，sjobis layingeggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵作宾语They haventfinished buildingthe dam.他们还没有建好大坝We haveto preventthe airfrom beingpolluted.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句止匕外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it,例如We foundit nogood makingfun ofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid避免,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit承认，deny否认,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk冒险,appreciate感激,be busy,be worth,feellike,can，t stand,can，t help情不自禁地,thinkof,dream of,be fondof,prevent...from,keep...from,stop...from,protect...from,set about,be engagedin,spend...in,succeed in,be usedto,look forwardto,object to,pay attentionto,insist on,feel like任务2填入合适的词并找出动名词的成分
1.Can youimagine yourselfin alonely islandstay
2.I can，t understandyour atthat poorchild,laugh
3.She didn，t mindovertime,work
4.To makea living,he tried,,and variousother things,but hehad failedin all.write;paint
5.We arelooking forwardto Marys.e
6.She waspraised forthe lifeofthechild.save
7.She oughttobepraised ratherthan.criticize.
8.Is thereany possibilityof ourthe championshipwin
9.He cameto theparty without.invite现在分词现在分词的句法功能作定语现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语，放在名词后In thefollowing yearshe workedeven harder.The manspeaking to the teacheris ourmonitor，s father.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如in thefollowing years也可用in theyears thatfollowed;the manspeaking tothe teacher可改为the manwho isspeaking tothe teacher.作表语The filmbeing shownin thecinema isexciting.正在这家上演的电影彳艮棒The presentsituation isinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构作宾语补足语如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等例如Can youhear hersinging the song in the nextroom你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He keptthe carwaiting atthe gate.他让小汽车在门口等着现在分词作状语
①作时间状语While Workinginthefactory,he wasan advancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人
②作原因状语Being aLeague member,he isalways helpingothers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人
③作方式状语，表示伴随He stayedat home,cleaning andwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗
④作条件状语If Playingall day,you willwaste yourvaluable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间
⑤作结果状语He droppedthe glass,breaking itinto pieces,他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎
⑥作目的状语He wentswimming theother day.几天前他去游泳了
⑦作让步状语Though rainingheavily,it clearedup verysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格I waitingforthebus,a birdfell onmy head.All thetickets havingbeen soldout,they wentaway disappointedly.Time permitting;we，11do anothertwo exercises.有时也可用with without+名词代词宾格+分词形式With thelights burning,he fellasleep.他点着灯睡着了
⑨作独立成分Generally speaking,girls aremore careful.一般说来，女孩子更细心过去分词过去分词只有一种形式规则动词由动词原形加词尾ed构成不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住作定语Our classwent onan organizedtrip lastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行Those selectedasmittee memberswill attendthe meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会注意当过去分词是单词时:一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句作表语The windowis broken.窗户破了They werefrightened atthe sadsight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕作宾语补足语I heardthesongsung severaltimes lastweek.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语With thework done,they wentout toplay.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了作状语Praised bythe neighbors,he becamethe prideof hisparents.Once seen,it cannever beforgotten.Given moretime,I11be abletodoit better.Though toldofthedanger,he stillrisked hislife tosave theboy.Filled withhopes andfears,he enteredthe cave.练习单句改错
1.Children maynot developthe habitof readand theability toenjoy themselves.
2.It isvery difficultfor aforeigner learnChinese.
3.It wassilly ofyou believewhat hesaid.
4.I amthinking ofmaking atrip toLondon,and visitthe BritishMuseum andsome parks.2016四川卷
5.I willlet youto knowas soonas Ihear fromher.
6.I wavedto herbut failedattract herattention.
7.I havealready seenthefilmtwice.I don/t wantsee itany more.
8.I dreamof standingontheplatform inthe classroomand givelessons tolovely boysand girls.
9.It wasclear thathe wantedbe alone.
10.Most childrenare interestedin listento stories.
11.Walk quicklyis difficultfor anold man.
12.To behonest,it ismy honormeet youin personand havesuch agreat conversation.
13.be carefulin crossthe street.
14.The filmisvery interesting.It isworth seetwice.
15.Find workisverydifficult thesedays.
16.Most ofus studentsenjoy askquestions inEnglish.
17.Look,some ofmy classmatesare practicingspeak Englishover there.
18.Teach achild tosing anddance isveryinteresting.
19.He decidedto gotothesouth,find agood joband livingthere.
20.My friendJim isvery goodat makingthings andrepair things.非谓语动词高考题精选
1.They knewher verywell.They hadseen herup fromchildhood.MET88A.grow B.grew C.was growingD.to grow
2.The chairlooks ratherhard,but infact,it isvery fortableto.MET88A.sit B.sitonC.be satD.be saton
3.She didn，t remember________him before.MET88A.having metB.have metC.tomeetD.to havingmet
4.Mother usstories whenwewereyoung.MET88A.was usedto tellB.is usedtotelling。
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