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2024年外研版英语初二上学期复习试题及解答参考
一、听力部分(本大题有20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1Listen to the conversation and choosethe bestanswer to the questionyou hear.Question:What is the weatherlike todayA.SunnyB.RainyC.CloudyD.WindyAnswer:AExplanation:The womansays,It sa sunnyday today,“which indicates that the weatheris sunny.
2、Listen to the dialogueand complete the followingsentence with the missingwordyou hear.Question:The man is planning to this weekend.A.go to the beachB.stay athomeC.visit afriendD.go shoppingAnswer:CExplanation:The mansays,I mplanning tovisit afriend thisweekend,“C.Both Alex and Sarahare going to amusic festival.Answer:BExplanation:The conversationindicatesthatSarah isexcited abouther hikingtripin the mountains,making optionB the correct answer.Alex mentions that hewill stayintown,implying that he hasother plans.
18.You heara newsreport about a neweco-friendly initiativein your city.A.The cityis implementinga newrecycling program.B.The governmentis offeringtax incentivesfor electricvehicle purchases.C.Local businessesare requiredto usesolar energy.Answer:BExplanation:The newsreport specificallymentions thegovernments taxincentivesfor electricvehicle purchases,which alignswith optionB.The reportdoes notmentiona recyclingprogram orthe requirementfor solarenergy use,making optionsA andCincorrect.
19.You arelistening to a conversationbetween twostudents in a library.Student A:Hey,have youseen thenew sciencebook weneed forour projectStudentB:.A.Yes,it sright overthere on the shelf.B.No,I haven t,but I saw it on the list.C.I’ve readit,but Idon t think it s availablenow.D.It snot onthe list,but I can helpyou findit.Answer:BExplanation:Student Bresponds that they haven,t seen the book but sawitonthelist,indicating theyare awareof thebookbuthaventphysically seenit in the library.Thecorrect answer is B.
20.You arelistening toa radioannouncement about a localevent.Announcer:.A.The citypark willhost afree concertthisweekendstarting at6PM.B.All librarieswill beclosed nextMonday for a stafftraining day.C.The localmuseum isoffering freeentry tostudents thismonth.D.The schoolsports dayhas beenpostponed due to theweather.Answer:AExplanation:The radioannouncement is about afree concerthappening at the cityparkthis weekend.The correct answer is A.The otheroptions referto differentevents orannouncements.
二、阅读理解(30分)Reading ComprehensionPassage:In the small townof WillowCreek,there was a locallibrary thathad beena cornerstoneof the communityfor overa century.The librarywas knownfor itsquaint charmand thefriendlyatmosphere thatmade everyvisitor feelwelcome.One of the mostbeloved featuresof the librarywas itsold,wooden reading room wherepeople couldsit andenjoy agoodbook inpeace.One sunnyafternoon,a young girl namedEmily enteredthe library for the first time.She wasimmediately drawnto the readingroom,where shenoticed anelderly womansittingat atable,surrounded bystacks ofbooks.Emily approachedthe woman,who wasnamed Mrs.Thompson,and struckup a conversation.^Good afternoon,Mrs.Thompson,v Emily said with a smile.I’ve never been in thisroom before.It sso peacefulhere.”Mrs.Thompson smiledwarmly.Yes,it is.This roomhas seenmany generationsof peoplecomeand go.I vebeen cominghere sinceI wasa child.”Emily wascurious.Do youhave afavorite bookfrom thisroom”Mrs.Thompson pausedfor amoment,then replied,“Oh,yes.It sa bookcalled TheTimelessGarden.‘It sa story about ayounggirlwho discoversa magicalgarden hiddenbehindher house.The bookhas taughtme so much aboutlife andfriendship.”As Emilylistened,she felta sense of wonder.She knewshe hadto findthis bookandread itherself.She promisedMrs.Thompson shewould returnsoon todiscuss thestorywith her.Questions:l.What is the mainfeature of thereadingroom in the libraryA.Tt hasmodern technology.B.It issurrounded bybooks.C.It isvery quietand peaceful.D.It isfilled withchildren,s books.
2.Who is the younggirl thatenters the libraryfor the firsttimeA.Mrs.ThompsonB.The librarianC.EmilyD.The author
3.What isthe titleof thebook thatMrs.Thompson mentionedA.’The MagicalLibraryB.’The TimelessGardenC.’The LibrarysSecretD.’EmilysAdventureAnswers:
1.C
2.C
3.B
三、完型填空(15分)Title:A Dayin theLife ofa TreeLastweekend,I wentonanature walkwith my friends.It wasa beautifulday,andwe decidedto go to thenearby forestto observethe plantsand animals.While wewerewalking,one ofour friendssuggested thatwe shouldspend sometime observinga singletreeto understand how itlives througha day.The treewe chosewasabig oak,its branchesreaching outlike openarms welcomingus.As wesat downat thebase of the tree,we noticedthat theleaves wererustling softlyin the wind.The sunwas shiningbrightly,and wecould seehow the tree wasenjoying thewarmth,as ifit weredrinking upthe sunlightwith every
1.After awhile,we noticedtiny insectscrawling upand downthe trunkof the tree.They seemedto becollecting sap,which isthe trees wayof providingfood for itselfand itsinhabitants.We realizedthat thetree isnot juststanding still;it svery muchaliveand
2.As theday progressed,clouds startedto gatherin thesky,and soonit beganto rainlightly.The raindropsfell gentlyonto theleaves andtrickled downto theground,soakinginto thesoil.This waterwould be absorbed by the rootsand transportedto allparts ofthetree,helping itgrow strongerand taller.The treeappeared tobe drinkingthe rainwatergreedily,as thoughit were3after along periodof drought.By lateafternoon,the rainhad stopped,and thesun cameout again.The leavesglistenedwith waterdroplets thatsparkled likelittle diamonds.Birds startedto singtheirevening songsfrom thebranches,and theair wasfilled with a senseof peaceandcalm.Our friendremarked thatjust likethetreeneeds waterand sunlightto live,wetoo neednourishment andwarmth togrow andthrive.The treeserves asa reminderof the4cycle oflife and the importance of beingconnected tonature.As wegot upto leave,we felta deepsenseofgratitude towardsthetreefor teachingussomuchabout itselfand lifein general.We leftthe forestfeeling moreconnectedto thenatural worldthan everbefore.The experiencemade usrealize thateven somethingseeminglystatic andsilent asa treehas a5story totell.
1.A.leaf B.branch C.pore D.root
2.A.dormant B.thriving C.stationary D.sleeping
3.A.blooming B.wilting C.thirsting D.blossoming
4.A.constant B.unchanging C.continuous D.ceaseless
5.A.silent B.vivid C.motionless D.tranquilKey:
1.C.pore
2.B.thriving
3.C.thirsting
4.C.continuous
5.B.vividThis exerciseaims totest the students vocabularyknowledge,reading comprehensionskills,and theirability todeduce contextuallyappropriate wordsbased onthe overallmeaningof the passage.
四、语法填空题(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1The studentswere askedto writea shortstoryabout their summer vacation,they hadjustexperienced.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what答案c解析此题考查定语从句的关系词根据句意,关系词应该表示时间,所以选C.wheno
2、If Iyou,I wouldnever leavemy friendsbehind in a difficulttime.A.wereB.amC.beD.is答案A解析此题考查虚拟语气根据句意,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用would+动词原形,从句用过去式,所以选A.were
3、Afterbe ontime forschool everyday,Tim wasrewarded with a certificateofpunctuality.Answer:beingExplanation:The correct form touse aftera prepositionlike“after“isthegerund“being.This sentencehighlights Tims consistentpunctuality and the positiverecognitionhe receivedforit.
4、The teachersuggested thatwe shouldallbring ourown waterbottles toreduceplastic waste.Answer:bringExplanation:In reportedspeech,the verbin the main clauseoften influencesthe verbin the reportedclause.Here,“suggested“does notrequire achange inthe tenseof theverbubring,“thus thebase form“bring“is used.The sentencepromotes environmentalawarenessby encouragingthe reductionof single-use plastics.
5.My motheralways tellsme toread morebooks,_I havenever beenable tofollow heradvice.A.although B.because C.since D.ifAnswer:AExplanation:The correct answer is“although“because itintroduces acontrast betweenthetwo clauses.The sentencemeans“My motheralways tellsme toread morebooks,butI haveneverbeenable tofollow heradvice.”
6.The teacherasked usto writea compositionabout oursummer vacation,I decidedto write about my trip tothemountains.A.which B.that C.what D.whenAnswer:AExplanation:The correctanswer is“which“as itis used to introducea non-restrictiverelative clausethat providesadditional informationabout the main clause.The sentencemeans“The teacherasked usto writea compositionabout oursummervacation,which Idecidedtowriteaboutmytriptothemountains.”
7、Complete the sentence byfilling inthe blankwith the correct formof theverbin parentheses.Example:She workinthis company since she moved tothe city.Answer:has workedExplanation:The sentencerequires the present perfecttense toindicate anaction thatstartedinthepast andcontinues tothepresent.Has workedvisthe correctformto usehere.
8、Fill inthe blankusing theappropriate wordto completethe sentencecorrectly.Example:My brotheris a great cook;he canprepare mealsthat areboth nutritioustasty,a orb butc andAnswer:andExplanation:The sentencerequires aconjunction thatconnects twopositive attributeswithoutimplying acontrast orlimitation.“And isused tolist itemsinapositive sense,whereas“but”implies acontrast,and“or”suggests achoice between alternatives.Let sadjust theexample sentencesslightly to make themactual questions:
7、She workinthiscompanysinceshemovedtothe city.
8、My brotherisa great cook;he canprepare mealsthat areboth nutritioustasty.a orbbutc andWouldyou likeany modificationsor additionalquestions
9.In the9days,I havebeen working10hard onmy project.I hopeto finishit11the end of thismonth.A.last/more/byB.last/more/byC.last/much/inD.last/much/atAnswer:AExplanation:The correctphrase hereis“inthelast fewdays,“which means“inthe recentpast.The word“more isusedtoexpress theidea ofworking hard,and bytheendof”indicates the time bywhich theaction will be completed.
10.1f I9more time,I10finish thework.A.had/would haveB.had/wouldC.have/willwhich isthe missingword inthesentence.
3、You arelistening toa conversationbetween twostudents inthelibrary.A.The manis borrowinga book.B.The womanis returninga book.C.They are discussing a book theyrecently read.D.The manis askingfor helpfinding a book.Answer:DExplanation:In the conversation,the mansays,uExcuse me,could youhelp mefind thebookon ancientcivilizations”This indicatesthat he is askingfor helpfinding abook,makingoption Dthecorrectanswer.
4、You arelistening toa shortdialogue ata bookstore.A.The womanis lookingfor anovel.B.The manis recommendinga non-fiction book.C.The womanis askingfor helpwithaschool project.D.The manis suggesting abookfor a gift.Answer:BExplanation:The womansays,“I needabookon environmentalissues formy scienceclass.The manresponds byrecommending,“How aboutThe GreenPlanetIt sa greatoverviewof environmentalscience.This showsthat the manissuggestinga non-fiction book,makingoption Bthecorrectanswer.
5、You arelistening toa conversationbetweena student and a teacher.Student:Hello,Miss White.How wasyour weekendD.have/wouldAnswer:AExplanation:The correctstructure forexpressing apast possibilitywitharesultin thepresent is“if Ihad+past participle,I wouldhave+past participle.Thisstructure showsthat theaction inthefirstclause ishypothetical based onthepast,and thesecond clauseistheresult orconsequence ofthat hypotheticalaction.
五、简答题本大题有5小题,每小题2分,共10分、1In thestory“A DayOut,what wasthe mainreason the family decidedto goto thebeach,andhowdid theweather affecttheir plansAnswer:The mainreason thefamily decidedto gotothe beach wasto enjoya dayoutin thesun andhave fun.However,when theyarrived atthe beach,it startedto rain,whichruined theirplans forswimming andsunbathing.They hadto findother activities,likeplaying gamesinanearby cafe,tomakethe most of theirday.Explanation:This questiontests thestudents comprehensionof thenarrative andtheirability toidentify causeand effect.It alsoassesses whetherthey canrecallspecific detailsfrom thetext thatdescribe thechange inthefamily,s plansduetotheunexpected weatherconditions.
2、What lessoncan be learned fromthe dialoguebetween thetwo friendsin“The Giftof theMagiHow doeseach charactershow theirlove for the otherAnswer:The lessonthat canbelearnedis thatthe truevalue ofa giftlies inthethought andsacrifice behindit,rather thanits monetaryworth.Della sellsher beautifulhairto buyJim achain forhis pocketwatch,while Jimsells hischerished watchto buyDellaa setof combsfor herhair.Both charactersdemonstrate theirdeep loveandselflessness bygiving upsomething dearto them to purchaseagiftfortheother person.Explanation:This questionis designedto evaluatethestudent s understanding ofthe themeand moralofthestory.It requiresthem toanalyze theactions andmotivationsof thecharacters,and tointerpret thesymbolic meaningofthegifts and the sacrificesmadebythecharacters,which reflectthe essenceof loveand giving.
3、What isthe mainpurpose ofthe Internetin todays world答案The mainpurpose ofthe Internetin todays worldis toconnect peopleglobally,facilitate communication,provide accessto information,and enablevarious onlineservicesand activities.解析The Internetserves asa powerfultool forglobal connectivity,allowing peoplefromdifferent partsoftheworld tocommunicate,share information,and engagein variousonlineactivities.It hasbecome anessential partof everydaylife,impacting areassuchas education,business,entertainment^and socialinteraction.The primarygoal oftheInternet isto bridgethe gapbetween individualsand organizations,offering aplatformfor collaborationand informationexchange.
4、How canreading newspapershelp students improve their English skills答案Reading newspaperscan helpstudentsimprove theirEnglishskills by-exposingthem toa variety of vocabulary,sentence structures,and real-life contexts.解析Newspapers offera richsource ofauthentic Englishlanguage material,whichcan enhancestudents languageproficiency inseveral ways:•Vocabulary:Students canencounter awide rangeof newwords andphrases,which canexpand their vocabularyand helpthem understanddifferent aspectsofthelanguage.•Sentence Structures:Newspapers oftenuse complexsentence structures,which canhelpstudents learndifferent grammarrules andimprovetheirsentence construction.•Real-Life Contexts:Reading aboutcurrent eventsand articlesrelated tovarioustopics canprovide studentswith real-life contextsin whichthey canpractice usingEnglish.•Comprehension Skills:Analyzing newsarticles canimprove studentsreadingcomprehension skills,as theylearn toidentify mainideas,supporting details,anddifferentiate betweenfact andopinion.、5Describe whata typicalday lookslike for a studentin Britainbasedonthe textlearnedthis semester.Answer inno morethan5sentences.Answer:A typicalday forastudentin Britainstarts withwaking uparound7:00AM,followed byhavingbreakfast.They thengotoschool,which usuallybegins around9:00AM andendsat about3:30PM.After school,they mightparticipate inextracurricular activitiesorclubs beforereturning hometo dohomework andrelax.Dinner istypically around6:00PM,and afterward,they mightspend timewith familyor engagein leisureactivities beforegoing to bed.Explanation:This questionassesses thestudent sunderstandingofthe dailylife ofBritish studentsasdescribed inthe coursematerial.It requiresthemtosynthesize informationaboutmorning routines,school hours,after-school activities,and eveningroutines aspresentedin thetext.The answershould reflectan accuratesummary ofa Britishstudentstypicalday,demonstrating comprehensionand theability toorganize informationcoherently.This questionand its answer arecrafted tofit withinthe curriculum,s goalsof improvingbothlanguage skillsand culturalunderstanding.
六、书面表达题(15分)Suppose youare writingto yourfriend Lily,who hasrecently movedtoa new city.Youwould liketo introduceher to some popular places in yourcityand giveher sometips onhow tomakethe mostof hertime there.Write aletter toLily.Word limit:100wordsAnswer:Dear Lily,I hopeyou resettling in well inyour new city.I thoughtit wouldbe funto introduceyoutosomepopularplacesin mycity.Here area fewsuggestions:
1.The CentralPark:Its a great place to go fora walk ora picnic.
2.The ArtMuseum:You11find avariety ofart exhibitionsthere.
3.The ShoppingCenter:It haseverything fromsmall boutiquesto largedepartmentstores.Here area fewtips formaking themostofyour timehere:•Try thelocal cuisineatthefood stalls.•Take acity tourto learnmore aboutthe historyand culture.•Don thesitate toask localsfor recommendations.I cant wait to show you around.Lets catch up soon!Best regards,[Your Name]解析
1.开头问候:Dear Lily,I hopeyoure settlinginwellinyournewcity.这句话直接向莉莉问好,并表达了对她在新城市生活的关心
2.介绍土也方The CentralPark,It sagreatplace to goforawalkorapicnic.这句话介绍了中央公园,并说明了它的用途
3.继续介绍地方The ArtMuseum,You11find avarietyofart exhibitionsthere.这句话介绍了艺术博物馆,并说明了那里的特色
4.介绍购物场所The ShoppingCenter,It haseverything fromsmall boutiquesto largedepartmentstores.这句话介绍了购物中心,并说明了它的种类齐全
5.提供建议Try thelocal cuisineatthefood stalls.这句话建议莉莉尝试当地的美食
6.提供建议:Take acity tourto learnmore aboutthe historyand culture.这句话建议莉莉参加城市观光,了解当地的历史和文化
7.提供建议:Don thesitate toask localsfor recommendations.这句话建议莉莉向当地人寻求建议
8.期待见面:Icantwaittoshowyouaround.Let scatchupsoon!这句话表达了期待与莉莉见面的心情
9.结束语Best regards,[Your Name]这句话表达了友好和亲切的情感Teacher:Oh,it wasquite busy.I wenthiking withmyfriends.How aboutyou Student:Istayed athome andwatched somemovies.I watcheda comedyandahorror movie.Which onedidyou likemoreTeacher:I preferredthe comedybecause itwas funnyand relaxing.Question:What didthe teacherprefer to do duringthe weekendAWatch moviesB Go hikingCStay athomeD Visita friendAnswer:B Go hikingExplanation:The teachermentioned that she wenthiking withher friends,so thecorrectanswer is BGohiking.
6、You arelistening toa radioprogram abouthealthy eatinghabits.Host:Today,we rediscussing theimportanceofeating abalanced diet.Dr.Smith,can youexplain whyit simportant toinclude fruits and vegetablesin ourdaily mealsDr.Smith:Absolutely.Fruits and vegetables arerich invitamins,minerals,andantioxidants.They help boost ourimmune system,improve digestion,and reducethe riskof chronic diseaseslike heartdisease andcancer.Question:What arethemainbenefits ofeating fruitsand vegetablesaccording toDr.SmithA Boosting the immune system and improving digestionBLosing weightand reducingstressC Increasingenergy levelsandimprovingmemoryD Enhancingphysical appearanceand reducingthe riskofchronicdiseasesAnswer:A Boostingthe immunesystem andimproving digestionExplanation:Dr.Smith explainedthat fruitsandvegetableshelpboostthe immunesystemand improvedigestion,so thecorrectanswerisABoostingtheimmunesystemand improvingdigestion.
7、Listen totheconversationand choosethe bestanswer to completethesentence.A They arediscussingtheweather.B Theyare planning a trip.C Theyare talking aboutabook.Question:What arethe speakersmainly talkingaboutAnswer:BExplanation:The conversationis aboutplanningatrip,which isindicated bythe phraseslike“We shouldgo thereinthesummer^and“It sagreatplacetovisit.”
8、Listen tothe dialogueand answerthe question.Question:Why doesthemansuggest visiting the museumAHe thinksitsawaste oftime.B Hebelieves it willbean educational experience.C He doesn/t wantto goanywhere else.Answer:BExplanation:The mansuggests visitingthe museumbecause hementionsthatitwillbeagoodopportunity tolearn somethingnew/indicating thatitsaneducationalexperience.
9、You arelistening toa conversationbetween twofriends,Tom andLily.Theyaretalkingabout their weekendplans.Tom:Hey Lily,do youhave anyplans forthis weekendLily:Well,actually,I mplanning togo hikingwitha group of friends.How aboutyou,TomTom:That soundsfun!I wasthinking ofvisitingthecity museum.What doyou thinkLily:That sagreatidea!Maybe wecan gotogether afteryour visittothemuseum.Question:What isLily planning todothis weekendA.Visit thecity museum.B.Gohikingwith friends.C.Go shopping.D.Watch amovie.Answer:BExplanation:In theconversation,Lily says,“Well,actually,I mplanningtogohiking withagroupoffriends.This meansthat she is planningtogo hiking thisweekend.10You arelistening toa newsreport aboutanewresearch study.News Anchor:According toa recentresearch study,scientists havediscovered anewway to treat cancer.This newtreatment hasshown promisingresults inearly trials.Interviewer:That samazing!Can youtell usmore aboutthis newtreatmentScientist:Sure,this newtreatment involvesusing acombination of natural substancestotarget anddestroy cancercells.It sanon-toxic approachthat hasfewer sideeffectscompared totraditional treatments.Question:What isthemain topic ofthe newsreportA.A new way to treat cancer.B.The benefitsofnaturalsubstances.C.The historyof cancerresearch.D.The sideeffects oftraditional treatments.Answer:AExplanation:The newsreport startswiththestatement,“According toa recentresearchstudy,scientists havediscovered anew waytotreatcancer.”This clearlyindicates thatthemaintopicofthereport is aboutanewwaytotreatcancer.
11.W:Hi,John!Are youready forthe Englishtest thisweekM:Yeah,I vebeen studyinghard forit.I thinkI m prepared.Q:What doesJohn think abouttheEnglish testA:He thinksheisprepared forthe test.B:He isworried aboutthe test.C:Hedoesntthinkhesready forthe test.Answer:AExplanation:John says,I vebeen studyinghard forit.I thinkI,mprepared,v whichmeanshe believesheisready forthe test.
12.M:Hi,Lily!Have youheard aboutthe schooltrip nextmonthW:Yes,I have.We regoing tothe countryside.It sgoing tobe somuch fun!Q:Where isthe schooltrip going to beA:It sgoing tobe inthecity.B:It sgoing tobe inthe countryside.C:It sgoingtobe atthebeach.Answer:BExplanation:Lily answers,We regoingtothe countryside,“which indicatesthat theschooltrip isplanned forthe countryside.
13.Listen tothe dialogueand answerthe question.W:Hi,John.How wasyour vacationin BeijingM:It wasgreat!I visitedthe Forbidden City andthe Summer Palace.The scenerywas beautiful,andthepeople werefriendly.Question:What didJohn visitin BeijingAThe GreatWallB TheForbidden City andthe Summer PalaceCTiananmen SquareDThe BeijingZooAnswer:B TheForbidden CityandtheSummer PalaceExplanation:The questionasks aboutthe placesJohn visitedin Beijing.According tothe dialogue,John visitedthe ForbiddenCityandtheSummerPalace,so thecorrectanswerisB TheForbiddenCityandtheSummerPalace.
14.Listen tothe passageand answerthe question.The moonis Earths onlynatural satellite.It isabout384,400kilometers awayfromEarth.The moonisaboutone-quarter thesize ofEarth andit takes about27days tocompleteone orbitaround Earth.Question:How longdoes ittake forthe moon tocompleteone orbitaround EarthA24hoursB27daysC1monthD365daysAnswer:B27daysExplanation:The questionasks aboutthetimeit takesforthe moontocomplete oneorbitaround Earth.According tothepassage,themoontakesabout27days tocomplete oneorbitaround Earth,so thecorrectanswerisB27days.
15.W:Hi,John.How wasyour scienceprojectM:It wasquite challenging,but Ilearned alot aboutrenewable energysources.Q:What didJohn learnabout inhis scienceprojectA:Renewable energysources.B:Chemistry.C:Biology.D:Physics.Answer:AExplanation:The questionasks whatJohn learned about inhis scienceproject.In thedialogue,John mentionsthathelearnedalot aboutrenewable energysources,so thecorrectanswer isA.
16.M:Have youseenthenew movie“InceptionI hearditsreally amazing.W:Yes,Isawit lastweekend.The story is so intriguing thatI couldn t stopthinking aboutiteven afterthe movieended.Q:What didthe womanthinkaboutthe movie“Inception”A:It wasboring.B.Itwas awaste oftime.C.Itwas intriguing.D.Itwas predictable.Answer:CExplanation:The questionasks whatthe womanthought aboutthe movie“Inception”.Inthe dialogue,the womansays thestoryissointriguingthatshecouldntstop thinkingaboutit,which meansshe foundit interestingand captivating.Therefore,thecorrectansweris C.
17.You hearaconversationbetween twostudents,AlexandSarah,abouttheirweekendplans.A.Alex isgoingtovisit hisgrandparents inthe country.B.Sarah isplanningtogohikinginthemountains.。