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选择性必修第一册（人教版）Unit4Body Language2019人与社会人际沟通单元引言解读一What Ihide bymy language,my bodyutters.Roland Barthes释义Body language can revealwhat peopleare thinking.启示开篇页的名人名言出自法国作家、社会评论家和文学评论家罗兰•巴特这句话的字面意思是“我的身体会说出我用言语掩饰的话”在实际生活中，因为各种原因，言语表达并不完全真实可信的情况确实普遍存在通过逻辑推理并观察行为表现、肢体语言甚至微表情，人们对言语表达的意思会形成更为综合的印象或者判断因此，中文里也说“察言观色名言名句积累人与社会人际沟通
1.Smile is the most beautiful languagein theworld.微笑是世界上最美的语言
2.A gentlemanuses his tongue butnot hisfists.君子动口不动手3・What theear hearsis false,but what the eyesees istrue.耳听为虚，眼见为实
4.By learningbody languagewe canbroaden ourhorizons andincrease ourknowledge invarious fields.通过学习肢体语言，我们能够开阔我们的视野，增加我们在各领域的知识
5.To municatesuccessfully,you mustalso learnthe body language of that culture.为了成功地交流，你还必须学习那种文化的肢体语言
6.People from different culturesmay misunderstand the gesturesthey use.来自不同文化背景的人们对彼此使用的手势很有可能产生误会
7.Standing withones handson oneships showsthat aperson is angry inmany cultures,such asMalaysia,Argentina,and Mexico.在马来西亚、阿根廷和墨西哥等许多文化中，双手放在臀部站立表示一个人是愤怒的
8.Many Mexicanslike totouch peopleon thearm.This showsthat theywant to be friendly.许多墨西哥人喜欢触摸别人的手臂这表明他们想要友好
9.When municatingwith someonefrom Tanzaniaor Kenya,do notuse yourleft hand when givingor
7.If yourmum wavesher firstfinger,she wantsto_.
1.wish forgood luckB.stop you
2.praise youD.help you【答案】
5.C
6.C
7.B【导语】文是一篇说明文文章主要对人类的两种手势进行了详细说明推理判断题根据第——段理
5.Understanding ourgestures is not as difficult as some people would have you believ”解我们的手势并不像有些人想让你相信的那么难广可推知，有些人故意使阅读手势困难故选C细节理解题根据第二段
6.“As such,people believe that crossingthe fingerswhen tellinga liesomehow gets away from（因此，人们相信在说谎时交叉手指以某种方式摆脱了谎言的邪恶广可知，一名基督徒交叉手the evil of the lie.指的意思是避免谎言的邪恶故选C细节理解题根据最后——段
7.“If translatedinto language,it wouldsay Stop whatever you are doing and pay attention（如果翻译成语言，它会说“停止你正在做的任何事情，注意to me.I amyour superiorand I am warningyou!”我我是你的上级，我警告你!”广可知，妈妈摇晃她的第一个手指的目的是阻止你故选B
（三）（高二上•全国•课后作业）2324Ross Griffithswoke upone morningonly tofind himselfunable tospeak.This（诊断）fiveyearold boywas onlytwo weeksago diagnosedwith acondition sounusual thatit hasntbeen namedand isinsteadknown as15ql
1.
2.Ross Griffithshas struggledto getback hismunication skills,but has always been too shy to use his signlanguageaway fromhome andschool.But afterseeing avideo ofMiddlesbroughs ClevelandCentre Father Christmas signingwiththreeyearold MaliWilliams,Ross toldhis mumthat hewanted to sign with Father Christmas,too.Ross andhis familywent to see Father Christmas yesterday,along with Mali,who wasinvited backfor asecondvisit.Father Christmasset upthe specialsecond meetingwithMaliwhere hegave hera lovelydoll.As crowdsof childrenand parentsawaited thearrival of the bigman at the shoppingcentre,Father Christmastooksome timeout beforehis dutiesto meetagain withMali andwith Rossbefore going on tosee allthe otherchildren.Rosss mumBecky Lanehoped that a visitto thespecial FatherChristmas wouldhelp Rossget overhis shyness.TheFather Christmaseveryone believesin evenlearned Makatonspecially for his meetingwith Ross,as this is the municationmethod theyoung boyuses.“He wastoo frightenedto usehis signlanguage outsidethe house,but whenhe sawthe videoof thegirl signingwithFather Christmas,it showedhim hedidnt have to beshy.He didreally well.And hegot aPacMan gameasagift.Now hesnota shyboy anymore,“Becky said.
8.According to the text,we canlearn thatRoss Griffiths.A.caught adeadly diseaseB,was afraidof municatingwith strangersC.found ithard tolearn signlanguageD.dreamed ofbeing aFatherChristmas
9.Seeing thevideo,Ross mightfeel.A.proud B.angry C.calm D.excited
10.What doesthe underlinedword Makaton”most probablyrefer toA・A formof signing.B.A foreignlanguage.C・A Christmassong.D.A kindof dance.
11.After meetingFatherChristmas,we canlearn thatRoss.A.knew howto shopwisely B.wanted to go toschool againC.rebuilt confidencein himselfD.could speaklike normalpeople【答案】
8.B
9.D
10.A
11.C【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个名叫罗斯・格里菲斯的五岁男孩，因为一种罕见的疾病而失去了说话能力通过与圣诞老人的特殊交流经历，罗斯克服了害羞，学会了使用手语进行交流，从而重建了自信细节理解题由第二段中的
8.Ross Griffiths..has alwaysbeentooshyto usehissignlanguage awayfirom homeandschool.（罗斯・格里菲斯一直太害羞，以至于不敢在家庭和学校之外的地方使用他的手语）”可知，Ross Grifths害怕和陌生人交流故选B推理判断题由第二段中的
9.But afterseeing avideo...Ross toldhis mumthat hewantedtosignwithFatherChristmas,（但在看了一段视频之后，罗斯告诉他的妈妈，他也想和圣诞老人一起用手语交流）”可知，看到那too.Ross个视频时应该感到很兴奋，所以他也很想和圣诞老人用手语对话故选D词句猜测题由该词后的（这是这个年轻男孩使用的交流方
10.thisis themunicationmethod theyoung boyuses法）”可知，是指一种手势语故选Makaton A推理判断题由最后一段中所说的（现在他不再是一个害羞的男孩
11.Becky“Nowhdsnot ashyboy anymore了）”可知在见过圣诞老人后找回了自信心故选Ross C
（四）（高二上•陕西咸阳•期中）2324Everyone talkswith their hands atleast sometimes.Some peopleshandtalking,（手势）or gesturingmatches theirmessages well.Other peoplelike to make gesturesthat canbe confusing.And stillothersdont usetheirhandsmuch at all.No matterwhich groupyou arein,its importantto payattention to your hand gestureswhile you are municating.And alsoremember handgestures canhave culturalmeanings.A fewyears ago,I wasa speakerat aconference inLisbon,Portugal.It wasmy firsttime in Portugal,and Ibecame（糕点）immediately fondof thespecial pastriesthat Lisbon and Portugalare knownfor.One morningI wentinto abakeryand orderedtwo of the pastries.I didso byholding uptwo fingers,similar to the“victory”or“peace“gesture in the UnitedStates.The personbehind thecounter putthree pastriesin thebox.I laterlearned that the gesturefbr twowould raisethumband index finger.Even thoughmy thumbwasnt showing,the personbehind thecounter thoughtI wassignaling forthree.I waslucky thatI didntget intomore troublethan anextra pastry.Many handgestures are not universal.Beforespeaking in a country that you arenot familiar with,do someresearch tofind outwhich gesturesmight bemisunderstood,not understoodat allor rude.
12.Why didthe authorgo toLisbon,PortugalA.To tastepastries.B.To takea holiday.C.To attenda meeting.D.To learnPortuguese culture.
13.What doesthe underlinedword“universal“refer toin para.3A.Normal.B.Independent.C.mon.D.plex.
14.What canwe learnfrom the authors experienceA.One shouldbe carefulwhen orderingfood inPortugal.B.Hand gesturesmay havedifferent meaningsin different cultures.C.The personbehind thecounter understoodthe authorsgesture.D.The personbehind thecounter cheatedthe author.
15..The authorsmain purposein writingthe passageis to.A.tell usthat handgestures arenot the same worldwideB.explain thegeneral useof gesturesC.ask us to usecorrect handgestures inPortugalD.share afunny storyinPortugal【答案】
12.C
13.C
14.B
15.A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要介绍了手势在不同文化中的含义差异，并通过个人经历强调了了解并注意使用手势的重要性细节理解题根据第二段（几年前，我是葡
12.“A fewyears ago,I wasa speakerat aconference inLisbon,Portugal.萄牙里斯本一个会议的演讲者）“可知，作者是为了开会才去葡萄牙的里斯本的故选项C词句猜测题根据第三段中
13.Before speakingin acountry thatyou arenot familiar with,do someresearch tofind out（在——个你不熟悉的国家说话之前，做一些which gesturesmight bemisunderstood,not understoodat allor rude.调查，看看哪些手势可能会被误解，根本不被理解或是粗鲁的厂可知，不同的国家里对手势的理解可能是不同的，许多手势并不是通用的由此可知，划线词与（通用的）意思接近故选项universal monC推理判断题根据第二段中
14.I laterlearned that the gesturefor twowould raisethumb andindexfinger.Even though.（后来我知道，两个的手my thumbwasnt showing,the personbehind thecounter thoughtI wassignaling forthree势是竖起拇指和食指尽管我的拇指没有显示出来，柜台后面的人认为我是在发出要三个的信号广及第三段中“Before speakingin acountry thatyouarenotfamiliarwith,do someresearch tofind outwhich gesturesmight be.（在一个你不熟悉的国家说话之前，做一些调查，看看哪些手势可能misunderstood,not understoodat allor rude会被误解，根本不被理解或是粗鲁的广可知，葡萄牙的手势的意义和作者的是不同的，手势在不同的文化中可能有不同的含义故选项B推理判断题根据第三段中
15.Many handgestures arenot universal.Before speakingin acountrythatyouarenot.（许多familiarwith,do someresearch tofind outwhich gesturesmight bemisunderstood,not understoodat allor rude手势并不是全球通用的在一个你不熟悉的国家说话之前，做一些调查，看看哪些手势可能会被误解，根本不被理解或是粗鲁的户可知，不同的国家里对手势的理解可能是不同的，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们，手势在世界各地并非都相同故选项A
（五）（高——下胡匕•阶段练习）23244Mr.Smith,the professorat mybusiness class,had aunique way of goingoverthe answersto ourweekly tests.For eachquestion,he wouldask arandom studentfor theiranswer and then continue（盘问追问）to grillhim/her,forcing him/her todefend that answer.It wascertainly amemorable wayto review.How IwishedId been a more experienced student and got used tothe professor^grilling!I wasnt,though.（解剖学）But inmy anatomyclass,Dr.Cuddy introducedhigh power and low power”body positions,saying“high power“positions involvetaking upmuch space and makingyourself lookbig,while“lowpower”poses,in contrast,involve makingyourself looksmall,keeping your arms and legs crossed and held close.People tend toseeothers withhighpower posesas naturalleaders,and aremore willing to hirethem.Her researchfinding was that spendingjust twominutesstanding in a highpower pose increased a persons feeling of powerand selfconfidence.She wantedus to try itout.On mynext quizreviewday,instead ofbending overmy bookstudying quietly,I satup straightand spreadout mybooksand notebookson theentire surfaceof mydesk.When ourteacher askedif anyonehad anyquestions aboutthematerial beforewe beganour quizreview,I raisedmy hand.The effectwas surprising.My professoranswered myquestion asif talkingto acolleague,and Ihad awonderfulfeeling ofcalm.Suddenly,I realizedthattheimportant thingwas thatI wasparticipating.I justneeded toengage fullyinthe classand learn.Today,before apresentation ora test,I spenda fewminutes thinking big”-taking upspace andbeing seen.Itcalms me down andwhen I do,my bestalways turnsout to be prettygood.
16.How didtheauthorperform inhis businessclassA.He wasgood atdefending hisanswer.B,He haddifficulty gettingused tothe professor.C.He didgood memorizationforhisweekly tests.D.He feltconfident toquestion againstthe teacher.
17.What didDr.Cuddy wanther studentstotryoutA.Keeping theirarms crossedatatalk.B.Keeping theirdesks cleanin class.C.Using lowpower poses inclass.D.Taking ahighpowerposebriefly.
18.According tothe passage,which oneisalowpower poseA.Opening your arms aboveyour head.B.Sitting with your twofeet out.C.Standing uprightand makinga Vwith twofingers.D.Bending overand foldingyourarms.
19.What isthe authorsattitude towardsthinking big”A.Favorable.B.Doubtful.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.【答案】
16.B
17.D
18.D
19.A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了作者在商业课程中的经历，以及他如何通过采用高能量姿势来提高自己的自信心和参与度细节理解题根据第一段
16.How Iwished rdbeena moreexperiencedstudentandgotused totheprofessor^grilling!（我多么希望自己是一个更有经验的学生，并习惯教授的盘问！不过我没有厂可知，作者不适I wasnt,though.应史密斯先生的盘问方法故选B细节理解题根据第二段
17.Her researchfinding was that spendingjust twominutes standingin ahigh powerpose（她的研究发现，只需花两分increasedapersonsfeelingofpowerandselfconfidence.She wantedustotry itout.钟的时间以高权力的姿势站立，就能增强一个人的力量感和自信她想让我们试一试）”可知，想让学Cuddy生们试一试高权力的姿势站立故选D推理判断题根据文章第二段
18.“while lowpowerposes,in contrast,involve makingyourself looksmall,keeping.（相比之下，“低能量”姿势涉及到让自己看起来小，保持你的手臂和yourarmsandlegscrossedandheldclose腿交叉并靠近广可推知，低能量姿势包括弯腰和交叉双臂故选D推理判断题根据
19.Today,before apresentation ora test,I spenda fewminutes thinking big”—taking upspaceand•（今天,在演讲或考试之前，being seen.It calmsmedownandwhenIdo,my bestalways turnsout to be prettygood我会花几分钟“大显身手”——占据空间并被人看到它让我平静下来，当我这样做的时候，我的最佳状态总是很好广可知，作者从中受益匪浅由此推知，作者对持赞成态度故选thinkingbig“thinkingbig”Ao
（六）（2024•黑龙江齐齐哈尔•三模）How toRead Candidates9Body Languagein anInterviewBody language matters,especially ininterviews.20Our posture,gestures,movements orfacial expressionscanshape ourreputations.Learning toread body language isabout understandingcandidates5motives.Reading body language duringinterviews canprovide valuableinsights intoa candidatespersonality.21Here aresome mon interviewbody languagesignals thatyou canlearn toread.Observe extremebehaviour.A candidatesharmless actiondoesnt meanthey wontfit inwell atyour pany.But becarefulabout extremebehaviours,like aperson constantlychecking theirphone.22You canread peoplesbodylanguageby observingchanges in their movementsor posture.Imagine,forexample,that acandidate suddenlystarts tappingtheir foot.Maybe theyfeel theinterview istaking toolong.Or perhapstheyrefacing anunfortable question.Connect thedots.23For example,people maycross theirarms whentheyre cold.But,when yousee acandidate（咄咄crossing theirarms,crossing theirlegs andballing theirfists atthe sametime,prepare yourselffor anaggressive逼人的）answer.Candidate experiencegreatly dependsonaninterviewers bodylanguage.Positive bodylanguage canmake（弓|发）candidates relax and open up.Negative bodylanguage canspark defensive and reserved reactions.24A.Spotthe difference.B,Ask detailedquestions.C.Ifs notwhat you say,its howyou sayit.D.They dontnecessarily actthe sameway allthe time.E.However,understanding bodylanguage isntan exactscience.F.You cantalways tellwhat aspecific gesturemeans onits own.G.Be awareof mistakesto preservea positivecandidate experience.【答案】
20.C
21.E
22.A
23.F
24.G【导语】本文是一篇说明文肢体语言很重要，尤其是在面试中我们的姿势、手势、动作或面部表情会影响我们的声誉本文从不同方面就如何在面试时读懂对方的肢体语言给我们一些指导根据上文（肢体语言很重要，尤其是在面试中）可知，选
20.“Body languagematters,especially ininterviews.”项承接上文，继续说明肢体语言的重要性故选项“重要的不是你说什么，而是你怎么说”切题C howyousay呼应故选项it Body languagematterso C不艮据上文.
21.“Reading bodylanguage duringinterviews canprovide valuableinsights intoa candidatespersonality以通过阅读面试中的肢体语言，可以对求职者的性格有很有价值的了解）以及下文“Here are somemoninterview（以下是一些常见的面试肢体语言信号，你可以学习阅读）bodylanguagesignals thatyou canlearn toread.^^可知，上文谈到在面试中读懂肢体语言可以对候选人的个性提供有价值的见解也就是说在面试中读懂肢体语言的益处，然后接下来谈到“以下是一些你可以学会读懂的常见的面试肢体语言信号」故可知项“然而，理E解肢体语言并不是一门精确的科学”切题，说明它是可以学会读懂的故选项E根据下文（你可以
22.“You canread peoplesbodylanguageby observingchanges in their movementsor posture.^^通过观察人们动作或姿势的变化来解读他们的肢体语言）可知，本段主要在说要发现不同点故选项“发现A不同点”切题，为本段的小标题故选项A根据下文
23.“For example,people maycross theirarms whentheyre cold.But,when yousee acandidate crossing their（咄咄逼人的）arms,crossingtheirlegs andballing theirfists atthe sametime,prepare yourselffor anaggressive answer.”（例如，人们冷的时候可能会交叉双臂但是，当你看到应聘者同时交叉双臂、跷二郎腿和握拳时，你就要准备好接受一个咄咄逼人的回答了）可知，一个具体的动作可能表达不同的意思，所以你不能总是分辨出一个特定的手势本身的意思故选项“你不能总是分辨出一个特定的手势本身的意思”切题承接下文故选F F项根据上文（引
24.“Positive bodylanguage canmake candidatesrelaxandopenup.Negative bodylanguagecanspark发）（积极的肢体语言可以让应试者放松并敞开心扉消极的肢体语言会引发defensiveandreservedreactions.^^防御和矜持的反应）可知，选项总结上文，说明怎么样做到成为合格的候选人故选项“要注意错误，以G保持积极的候选人体验”切题故选项G
（七）完形填空（高二上•全国•课后作业）2324When wemunicate withother people,we oftenuse notonly wordsbut alsobodylanguage.Body language isthequiet,secret andmost powerfullanguage of all!It speaks25than words.According tospecialists,our bodiessend outmore messagesthan werealize.In fact,non-verbal munication takes up about50%of whatwe really26,And bodylanguageisparticularly27when weattempt tomunicate acrosscultures.Indeed,what iscalledbody languageis so28a partof usthat ifsactually oftenunnoticed.And misunderstandingsoccur asa resultof it.Forexample,different societiestreat the29between peopledifferently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodilycontact even with friends,and certainlynot with30,People fromLatin Americancountries,31,touch each other quitea lot.Therefore,its possiblethat inconversation,it maylook likea Latinois32a Norwegianall overthe room.The Latino,trying toexpress friendship,will keepmoving33,The Norwegian,very probablyseeing thisaspushiness,will keep34——which theLatino willin returnregard as35Clearly,a greatdeal isgoing onwhen people36,And onlya partof it is inthe wordsthemselves.And whenparties are fromdifferentcultures,theres astrong possibilityof37,But whateverthe situationis,the best38istoobey theGolden Rule:treat othersas youwould liketobe
3925.A.straighter B・louder C-harder D.further
26.A.hope B,receive C.discover D,mean
27.A.immediate B.misleading C.important D.difficult
28.A.well B.far C.much D.long
29.A.trade B.distance C.connections D.greetings
30.A.strangers B,relatives C.neighbours D.enemies
31.A.in otherwords B.on the other hand C.in asimilar wayD.by allmeans followingaway
32.A.disturbing B.helping C,guiding D.backing awayD.ing out
33.A.closer B.faster C.in D.coldness thinknervousness
34.A.stepping forwardB.going onC.advice pleased
35.A.weakness B.carelessness C.friendliness D.
36.A.talk B.travel C.laugh D.
37.A.curiosity B.excitement C.misunderstanding D.
38.A.chance B.result D.time C.
39.A.noticed B.respected D.treated C.【答案】
25.B
26.D
27.C
28.C
29.B
30.A
31.B
32.D
33.A
34.C
35.D
36.A
37.C
38.D
39.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了肢体语言的重要性和在不同文化中的差异性考查副词词义辨析句意它胜于言语更笔直地;更响亮地；更努力地；
25.A.straighter B.louder C.harder D.further更远地根据空前的和空后的可知，这里指肢体语言在表达意思时比言语更响亮，是“speaks”“than words”actions（行动胜于言语）的变形故选speaks louderthan words B考查动词词义辨析句意事实上，非言语交流约占我们真正意思的希望；接收；
26.50%A.hope B.receive C.发现；意思是说，打算根据上文中的和空前的discover D.mean“our bodiessend outmore messages”“nonverbal可知，身体能够释放更多的信息，非言语交流约占我们真正意思municationtakesupabout50%of whatwereally”的故选50%D考查形容词词义辨析句意当我们试图跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要立即的；
27.A.immediate B.misleading误导的；重要的；困难的根据上文中的C.important D.difficult“Bodylanguageisthequiet,secret andmost powerful（肢体语言是最安静、最隐秘、最有力的语言！户可知，肢体语言是最有力的语言，在跨文化交language of all!流中尤其重要故选C考查副词词义辨析句意事实上，所谓的肢体语言很大程度上是我们的一部分，它实际上经常被忽视
28.A.well好；B.far远；C.much非常；D.long长久地空处修饰名词短语“a partofus”，表示程度，指的是我们的肢体语言很大程度上属于身体的一部分故选Co考查名词词义辨析句意例如，不同的社会对人与人之间的距离有不同的方式交易；距
29.A.trade B.distance离；联系；欢迎根据下文中的C.connections D.greetings Northern Europeansusually do not like having bodily contacteven with friends,and certainlynot with
6.People fromLatin Americancountries,可知，下文举了北欧人和拉丁美洲人对待人与人之间距离的不同方式，所30touch each other quitea lot.”以这里是说不同的社会对待人与人之间的距离有所不同故选Bo考查名词词义辨析句意北欧人通常不喜欢与朋友进行身体接触，当然也不喜欢与陌生人进行身体接触
30.陌生人;亲戚;邻居;敌人根据句中的A.strangers B.relatives C.neighbours D.enemies“do notlike havingbodily可知，北欧人不喜欢和朋友有身体接触，这里进一步说也不喜欢和陌生人有身体接触contact evenwith friends”故选A考查介词短语辨析句意另一方面，拉丁美洲国家的人们经常互相接触换句话说;
31.A.in otherwordsB.on另一方面；用相似的方式；当然行前面theotherhandC.in asimilar wayD.by allmeans“Northern Europeansusually讲述了北欧人不喜欢身体接触，后面讲do notlikehavingbodily contactevenwithfriends,and certainlynot with6了拉丁美洲人喜欢身体接触，这里是两个不同的方面故选B考查动词词义辨析句意因此，在谈话中，可能看起来像是一个拉丁美洲人在整个房间里跟着一个挪威
32.人打扰；帮助；指导;跟随根据下文A.disturbing B.helping C.guiding D.following“The Latino,trying toexpressfriendship,will keepmoving9,The Norwegian,very probablyseeing thisas pushiness,will一可知,在房间里，拉丁美洲人试图接近挪威人，而挪威人则keep10which theLatino willin returnregard as11不停地避开，看起来好像是一个拉丁美洲人在整个房间里跟着一个挪威人故选考查副词词义辨析句意Do
33.试图表达友谊的拉丁裔人将不停地靠近更近地；更快地;在里面；离开根据上A.closer B.faster C.in D.away文中的“People fromLatin Americancountries,7,touch eachother可知，拉丁美洲人喜欢身体接触，所以为了表示友谊，会不断地接近挪威人故选quitealotT A考查动词短语辨析句意挪威人很可能认为这是咄咄逼人，会不停地退缩——而拉丁美洲人则认为这是
34.冷漠主动站出来；发生，继续；躲避；出来根据上A.stepping forwardB.goingonC.backing awayD.ingout文中的可知,“NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehavingbodilycontactevenwithfriends,and certainlynot with6北欧人不喜欢身体接触，所以面对拉丁美洲人的靠近，他会不断地回避故选C.考查名词词义辨析句意参考上题虚弱；粗心;友好;冷35A.weakness B.carelessness C.friendliness D.coldness漠根据上文中的可知,拉丁美洲人表示友好的方式是“The Latino,trying toexpress friendship,will keepmoving9接近对方，所以面对挪威人的躲避，他会认为这是冷漠行为故选D考查动词词义辨析句意显然，当人们说话时，会发生很多事情谈话；旅行；笑；
36.A.talk B.travel C.laugh思考根据下文中的（其中只有一部分是在言语本身之中D.think“And onlya partof it is inthe wordsthemselves.广可知，这里指在人们交流的时候故选A.考查名词词义辨析句意当群体来自不同的文化时,很有可能产生误解好奇心;兴37A.curiosity B.excitement奋；误解；紧张根据句中的可知，当人们C.misunderstanding D.nervousness partiesarefromdifferentcultures来自不同的文化时，由于肢体语言不同，所以很可能发生误解故选C考查名词词义辨析句意但无论情况如何，最好的建议是遵守黄金法则像你想被对待的那样对待别人
38.机会；时间；结果;建议根据冒号后的”A.chance B.time C.result D.advice“treat othersas youwould liketbe15可知,这里是给人们提出如何交流的建议故选D考查动词词义辨析句意参考上题注意到；对待；尊重；使高兴
39.A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased根据空前的可知，这里指像你想被对待的那样对待别人故选“treat othersas youwould liketobe”B（）A语法填空（高二上•全国•课堂例题）语法填空2425I usedto liketo go to ourlocal cinema.It wasold andrather unfbrtable,but ithad character.Now theyvestopped40show filmsthere.The ownerwould liketogo on41run the cinema,but hewould need42make a lot ofimprovements,which wouldmean43spend tensof thousandsof pounds.I remember44watch thelast filmatthecinema.It wasamurder mystery.It wasfive minutesfrom theend,and wewere trying45work outwho themurderer waswhen suddenlyallthe lightswent outandthe film stopped.We satinthedark fora fewminutes,andthenthe ownerappeared witha torch.“I regret46tell you,“he said,that ourelectricity hasfailed.I dontmean47disappoint you,but Imafraid we cant showyou theend of thefilm.Weve tried48phone theelectricpany,but theysaid theycouldnt help.^^He wenton49explain tothe audiencehow thefilm ended.I didntunderstandthe story.But Idont regret50gotothecinemathat evening.【答案】
40.showing
41.running
42.to make
43.spending
44.watching
45.to work
46.to tell
47.to disappoint
48.phoning
49.toexplain
50.going【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，描述了作者在当地电影院的最后一次观影经历考查动名词句意现在他们已经停止在那里放映电影了本空用动名词放映”，作为介词
41.showing stopped的宾语，构成短语“stop doingsth”，意为“停止做某事故填showing0考查动名词句意电影院的所有者想继续经营这家电影院，但他需要进行许多改进，这将意味着要花费
42.数万英镑本空用动名词“经营”，作为短语的宾语，构成短语同一件事「意为running goon“goondoing sth“继续做某事:故填runningo
43.考查不定式句意同上本空用不定式to make“进行”，作为动词need的宾语，构成短语“need todo sth”，意为“需要做某事:故填to makeo考查动名词句意同上本空用动名词“花费”，作为动词的宾语，构成短语
44.spending mean“mean doingsth”,意为“意味着做某事故故填spendingo考查动名词句意我记得在电影院看最后一场电影本空用动名词“观看”，作为动词
45.watching remember的宾语，构成短语“remember doingsth”，意为“记得做过某事故填watchingo考查不定式句意我们正尽力弄清楚凶手是谁，突然所有的灯都熄灭了，电影也停了下来本空用不定
46.式to work作为动词try的宾语，构成短语“try todosth”，意为“尽力做某事故填towork考查不定式句意“我很遗憾地告诉你“本空用不定式告诉”，作为动词的宾语，构成短
47.t tell“regret语意为“很遗憾地做某事故填“regret todo sth”,to telLreceivingthings likea businesscard orgift.当与坦桑尼亚或肯尼亚的人交流时，在赠送或接受名片或礼物等物品时，不要用左手
10.In Vietnameseculture,the headis consideredthe mostimportant partof thebody.在越南文化中，头部被认为是身体最重要的部分
11.If aLebanese personstands closetoyou,donotfeel thatthey areentering yourpersonal space.Personal.如果一个黎巴嫩人站在你身边,不要觉得他们正在space isrelatively smallerin Lebanonand manyother places时文拓展阅读进入你的私人空间在黎巴嫩和其他许多地方，个人空间相对较小Is watching sports goodfor yourwellbeingIf yourea sportsfan,you maybe familiarwith the emotional rollercoasterthat eswith sportsspectatorship.Whetheryoure partof abuzzing crowdinastadium,or justwatching athome on TV,its easyto get caught upinthehighs andthelows whenyou celebrateor miseratewithyour favourite teamor athlete.Those feelingsaresostrong,in fact,thatastudyfrom Croatia,published inPubMed,showed thattheemotionalstress duringa footballmatch increasedthe risk of acardiovascularincident.But canwatchingsportsbe goodfor youtooThe evidencesuggests thatpeople whowatch livesporting eventsexperience greaterwellbeing than those whodont.A studypublished inFrontiers inPublic Healthby theAnglia RuskinUniversity inthe UK,found sportsspectators feltlesslonely andhad higherscores forlife satisfaction.Lead authorHelen Keyssaid ina pressrelease,watching livesportof alltypes providesmany opportunitiesfor socialinteraction andthis helpsto forgegroup identityand belonging.*Shesays thisthen reducesloneliness andboosts wellbeing.But,if forany reasonyou arentkeen ongoing tolive events,dont worry!Watching sportsonTVor onthe internetmayalso havepositive effects,according toa2021study byTsuji andcolleagues.They foundthat olderadults whowatchedsports wereless likelyto havedepressive symptomsthan thosewho didnt.On topofthat,the sportsspectatorstended to have richersocial networksthan nonspectators.The authorssuggest thatthe social networks yougain throughwatchingsports maylower theriskofdepressive symptoms.So,the cheersatalive sportsevent oreven casualchitchat withfriends aboutyourfavouriteteam canbring asenseof camaraderieand mayreduce lonelinessand depression.It seemsthe healthbenefits ofsports arenot limitedto physicalactivitythrough participationin them,but thatwecanmake gainsin ourgeneral wellbeingthrough social bonding.【译文欣赏】考查不定式句意我不是想让你失望，但是恐怕我们不能给你看电影的结尾了本空用不定式
47.tdis叩point“使失望”，作为动词mean的宾语，构成短语“mean todosth”，意为“打算做某事故填to disappoint0考查动名词句意我们已经尝试联系电力公司，但他们说他们无能为力本空用动名词打联系”，
48.phoning作为动词try的宾语，构成短语“try doingsth”，意为“尝试做某事故填phoning考查不定式句意他继续向观众解释电影是如何结束的本空用不定式“解释”，作为动词
49.t explaingo的宾语，构成短语意为“继续做某事（另一件事）故填on“go ontodo sth”,to explaino考查动名词句意但我不后悔那天晚上去了电影院本空用动名词去”，作为动词的宾语，
50.going regret思维素养提升构成短语“regret doingsth”，意为“后悔做过某事”故填goingoRi Task1写作项目---------Writea descriptionof bodylanguage本单元的写作项目是描述肢体语言，肢体语言是一种无声的语言，写作的关键有以下两点:准确的描写要对人的动作进行形象的描绘，以传达出动作所代表的具体含义，即先绘其“状”；
1.合理的想象要对动作传达出的意图和情感进行解释和阐发，即再明其“意”
2.写作时首先要点明其主题和目的，以便抓住读者的注意力；主体部分要有步骤地展开对主题的介绍；结尾总结时，要对主题进行概括、强调请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘创出文章脉络吧！.Y Task2（高二上.全国.课后作业）假定你是李华，你的好友在市电视台举办的英语演讲比赛中获得了一等2324Peter奖演讲时，他从容自信，与评委、观众积极互动他的台风给你留下了深刻印象请用英文写一篇日记记录此事，着重描述在演讲比赛时的肢体动作Peter注意.写作词数应为左右；180可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.日记的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数
（一）（高三•全国卷真题•专题练习）2023On March7,1907,the Englishstatistician FrancisGalton publishedapaper which illustrated what has etobe known as the wisdom of crowdseffect.The experimentof estimationheconducted showed that in some cases,the averageofalarge number of independentestimates could be quiteaccurate.This effectcapitalizes onthe factthat whenpeople makeerrors,those errors arent alwaysthe same.Some peoplewill tend to overestimate,and someto underestimate.When enoughof theseerrors areaveraged together,they cancel eachother out,resulting ina more accurate estimate.If peopleare similarand tend to makethesameerrors,then theirerrorswont canceleachother out.In moretechnical terms,the wisdomof crowdsrequires thatpeoples estimatesbe independent.If forwhatever reasons,peoples errors bee correlated or dependent,the accuracyof theestimate will go down.（转折）But anew studyled byJoaquin Navajasoffered aninteresting twiston thisclassic phenomenon.The keyfinding of the study wasthat when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averagesfrom these groups were more accurate than those from an equal numberof independent individuals.Forinstance,the averageobtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than theaverage obtained from20independent individuals.In afollowup studywith100university students,the researcherstried to get abetter senseof what the groupmembersactually didin theirdiscussion.Did theytendtogo withthose mostconfident abouttheir estimates Did theyfollowthose leastwilling tochange theirminds Thishappened someof thetime,but itwasnt thedominant response.Most frequently,the groupsreported thatthey sharedarguments andreasoned together]Somehow,these argumentsandreasoning resultedinaglobal reductionin error.Although thestudies ledby Navajashave limitationsand manyquestionsremain,the potentialimplications forgroup discussion and decisionmaking are enormous.
1.What isparagraph2ofthetext mainlyaboutA.The methodsof estimation.B.The underlyinglogic ofthe effect.C.The causesof peopleserrors.D.The designof Galtonsexperiment.A.the crowds were relativelysmall B.there wereoccasional underestimatesC.individuals didnot municateD.estimates werenot fullyindependent
2.Navajas9study foundthatthe average accuracycould increaseeven if.
3.What didthe followup study focusonA.The sizeofthegroups.B.The dominantmembers.C.The discussionprocess.D.The individualestimates.
4.What isthe authorsattitude towardNavajas,studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【答案】
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.D【导语】本文是说明文没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的主旨大意题根据第二段内容
1.“This effectcapitalizes onthe factthat whenpeople makeerrors,those errorsarentalways thesame.Some peoplewilltendtooverestimate,and eto underestimate.When enoughof theseerrorsareaveragedtogether,they canceleachotherout,resulting inamoreaccurate estimate.If peopleare similarand tendtomakethe sameerrors,then theirerrors wontcanceleachotherout.In moretechnical terms,the wisdomof crowdsrequires thatpeoplesestimates beindependent.If fbrwhatever reasons,people serrorsbeecorrelatedordependent,the accuracyoftheestimate（这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的有些人常常willgodown.会高估，或者低估当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑故选B细节理解题根据第二段的
2.“In moretechnical terms,the wisdomof crowdsrequires thatpeoples estimatesbe.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的）”和第三段的independent“The keyfinding ofthestudy wasthat whencrowdswerefurther dividedinto smallergroups thatwere allowedtohavea discussion,the averagesfrom thesegroups weremoreaccurate thanthosefrom anequal numberof independent individuals.For instance,theaverageobtained from the estimatesof fourdiscussion groupsof fivewas significantlymoreaccuratethanthe average（这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组obtained from20independent individuals.时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是20更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的故选D推理判断题根据第四段的
3.“In afollowupstudywith100university students,the researcherstried toget abetter senseofwhatthegroup membersactually didintheirdiscussion.Did theytendtogo withthose mostconfident abouttheir（在——项针对名大学生的后续研究中，estimatesDidthey followthose leastwillingtochange theirminds100研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗）“可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程故选C推理判断题根据最后一段内容
4.“Although thestudies ledby Navajashave limitationsand manyquestions remain,（尽管领导的研究有局限the potentialimplications forgroup discussionand decisionmakingare enormous.Navajas性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然领导的研究Navajas有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大因此推断作者对于的研究表示一定Navajas的赞许和支持故选D解题技巧阅读理解推理判断题命题规律探究
一、推理判断题解题三步曲.定位信息通过寻读找到相关信息点
1.字面理解理解相关信息点字面意义2深层理解进而理解作者的言外之意
3.
二、推理判断题干扰项特征.似是而非只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论1夸大事实对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断
2..推理过度选项往往过于绝对化或片面化（以偏概全），有时会出现等词语3only,all掺入常识根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论
4.
三、推理判断题五大解题技巧.抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理1整合全文（殳）信息进行推断整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论
2.E.利用语境的褒贬性进行推断考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断
3.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间4根据上下文的逻辑得出结论严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理
5.
1.On March7,1907,the Englishstatistician FrancisGalton publisheda paperwhichillustratedwhathasetobeknown后带定语从句从句充当的宾语从句翻译年月asthewisdomofcrowds^effect.a paperwhat illustrate190737日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯・高尔顿发表了一篇论文，阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”效应
2.The experimentof estimationhe conductedshowedthatinsomecases,the averageofalarge numberof independent后面接定语从句,接宾语从句estimates couldbe quiteaccurate,the experimenthe conducted,show that翻译他所做的估计实验表明，在一些在大量独立估计的情况下，取平均值可能相当准确
3.The keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea discussion,the averagesfrom thesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent为表语从句，表语从句里面带一个由引导条件状语从句，后面带定语从句，individuals.wasthatwhen groups翻译这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的小组进行讨论时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确
4.For instance,the averageobtained fromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymore.两个后面者带的过去分accuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividualsaverage Kobtained词做定语翻译例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值比从个独立个体获得的平均值更准确
205.Although thestudies ledby Navajashave limitationsand manyquestions remain,the potentialimplications forgroup为让步状语从句，后面带过去分词做定语discussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.although studiesled翻译尽管领导的研究存在局限性，许多问题仍然存在，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的Navajas统计学家;统计员；数据处理专家；statistician[sts tlJ on]n..插图的；用插图装饰的；举例说明的；图解的；illustrated[T lostreit[d]adj估计;评估;尊重；看法；estimation[l8stlmel fon]n.平均数；平均水平；平均成绩；求平均数；平均的；普通的；average[aevori]n.vt.a.估计；估价；评价；预估；估计；预算；评价；estimate[,£stl mot]vt.n.准确的；精确的;正确无误的；accurate[askjon t]adj.大写;资本化;把…计入资本;capitalize[kaepi tlaiz]vt.充分利用capitalize on对…评价过高；高估；过高的估计；高估；overestimate[,ou vore stl mel t]vt.n.低估；看轻；对…估计不足；低估；看轻；underestimate[,Andor8stlmelt]vt.n.抵消;相互抵消；cancel out智慧，明智；wisdom[wi zdsm]n.叩独立的；自主的；无偏见的；ind endentI ndipe ndsnt]adj.correlated[korolel tld]adj.有关联的；相互关联的;准确性;精确度；准确度;accuracy[aekjorosi]n.现象；非凡的人或事；phenomenon[fo noml non]n.获得；得到；流行；obtain[ob teln]vt.显著地；重要地；significantly[si gni flkontli]adv.后续；后续行动；跟踪；后续的；跟踪的；followup[fD louA p]n.adj.占优势的；支配的；显性的；dominant[do minont]adj.回答;反应；响应；response[rispD ns]n.frequently[frikwontli]adv.经常地；频繁地；arguments[aqjum0nts]n.论点；争论；理由；reasoning[rizni rj]n.推理；推论;论证；减少；缩减；降低；reduction[ri dAkf n]n.limitation[.li mi1tel fn]n.限制；限制因素；局限性；含义；暗示；影响；implication[I mplikei fn]n.enormous[Inomos]adj.巨大的；庞大的；极大的；全文翻译1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯・高尔顿FrancisGalton发表了一篇论文，阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”的效应他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计值的平均数是十分准确的这种效果利用了这样一个事实当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得到更准确的估算如果人们是相似的，并且倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误就不会相互抵消用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的估算是独立的如果由于某种原因，人们的错误变得相关联或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降但是，由华金・纳瓦加斯（Joaquin Navajas）领导的一项新研究，为这一经典现象提供了一个有趣的转折这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确例如，从个人的讨论小组中得到的平均值比从个独立个体中得到的平均值要准确4520得多在对名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么他们是否倾向于100相信那些对自己的估计最有信心的人他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人了吗？这种情况有时会发生，但不是主要的反应最常见的是，这些小组报告说他们“分享论点，一起推理:不知何故，这些论证和推理导致了错误的全面减少尽管纳瓦加斯（Navajas）领导的研究有局限性，许多问题仍然存在，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的
（二）（高二上•浙江•单元测试）2425The mysteriousscience ofreading gesturesis explainedusing practicalexplanations（遗传的）and clearimages.Gestures areproducts ofboth geneticand environmentalinfluences.Understanding ourgesturesisnotasdifficultassomepeoplewouldhaveyoubelieve.All humanbeings usethem andso actuallyhavea“builtin“ability torecognise andread it.Fingers crossedGenerallythis meanswishing fbrgood luckor fortune”.Another explanationcouldbeseen asheres hoping”.The gestureprobably hasChristian originswhere thegesture wasbelievedtogetaway fromevil.As such,people believe that crossingthe fingerswhen tellinga liesomehow getsawayfrom theevil ofthe lie.Some historiansbelievethatcrossing yourfingers isa hiddenor secretway ofmaking theChristiansign ofthe crossa perfectwayofdefeating evils.As agesture it has bothgood andbad meanings.Luck orlies.Waving thefirstfingerMothers andteachers aremon userswith thishandgesture.In general,itisusedtowarn asingle person.It isachange ofthe“you”gesture.If translatedinto languageit wouldsay“Stopwhateveryouaredoingandpayattentionto me.Iamyour superiorand Iam warningyou!”Classed asa silentparent tochild gesture,itisnot pletelyallowed inanformal occasionwhere itwill beexplained asrude.Some psychologistsbelievethatithasa meaningofthewhip.
5.What canwe inferfromthefirst paragraphA.Reading gesturesis secret.B.Gestures areformed indaily life.C.Some peoplemake readinggestures difficulton purpose.D.It ishard toexplain gesturesby images.」
6.If aChristian crosseshis fingers,he wantstoA.show heisnt luckyB.wish tosucceedC.getsawayfromtheevilofthelieD.cross thestreet。
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