《西方文化概要（双语）》-课程教学大纲

Outline of Western Culture:A BriefIntroductionPublic AdministrationCollege:Zhongze Zhu

1.The basicinformation of the course（课程基本信息）Course Code（课程代码）16091203Course Name（课程名称）Western Culture:A BriefIntroductionCourse Type（课程类别）Specialized DirectionCourse for the Subjectof CulturalIndustryManagementPeriod（学时）:48hoursCredit（学分）3Assess Type（考核方式）classroom test

2.Course Description（课程简介）This coursefocuses on the Westerntradition ofhumanitarian andintellectual development,whichis representedby alarge groupof theselected intellectualelite whocame to the foreand helpedtochange greatlythe socialand culturalcircumstances in areas ofknowledge,such associology,philosophy,economics,psychology,biology,anthropology,art andliterature.This eliteranged fromSocrates,Plato andAristotle,to Dante,Shakespeare,Locke,Francis Bacon,Voltaire,Rousseau,I.Kant,Hegel,Betham,John Mill,Marx,Engels,Charles Darwin,Auguste Comte,Schopenhauer,Nietzsche,Sigmund,Jung,Bergson,Einstein andJean-Paul Sartreetc.

3.Requirements andGrading（教学要求与考核评分标准）Readings:西方文化概论，方汉文著，中国人民大学出版社（Routine:worth totalgrade40%including midtermexam30%,attendance15%,discussion15%,）assignment40%.Final Exam:worth totalgrade60%.Group work:main methodto learn.Attitude:academic honesty.

4.Contents教学内容Introduction:The conceptof Western culture is generally linkedto the classical definitionof the Western world.Inthis definition,Westerncultureis theset ofliterary,scientific,political,artistic andphilosophicalprinciples whichset itapart fromother civilizations.Much ofthis setof traditionsand knowledgeiscollected in the Westerncanon.The termhas cometo applyto countrieswhose historyis stronglymarked byWestern Europeanimmigrationor settlement,such as the Americas,and Australasia,and isnot restrictedto WesternEurope.Some tendenciesthat definemodern Westernsocieties arethe existenceof politicalpluralism,prominent subculturesor counterculturessuch asNew Agemovements,increasing culturalsyncretismresulting fromglobalization andhuman migration.Chapter1:Culture inAncient GreeceThe term ancientGreece Culturerefers to the period of Greekhistory lastingfrom theGreek DarkAgesca.1100BC and the Dorianinvasion,to146BC and the Romanconquest ofGreece aftertheBattle ofCorinth.It isgenerally consideredto bethe seminalculture whichprovided thefoundation ofWesterncivilization andshaped culturesthroughout SouthwestAsia andNorth Africa.Greek culturehad a powerfulinfluence onthe Roman Empire,which carrieda versionof itto manyparts of theMediterranean regionand Europe.The civilization of theancient Greekshas beenimmenselyinfluential onlanguage,politics,educational systems,philosophy,science,and thearts,inspiring theIslamicGolden Ageand theWestern EuropeanRenaissance,and againresurgent duringvariousneo-Classical revivalsin18th and19th centuryEurope and the Americas.Discussion:Ancient ideas affecting westerncivilizationChapter2:Culture inAncient RomeAncientRoman cultureevolved throughoutthe almost1200-year historyof thatcivilization.Theterm refersto theculture of the RomanRepublic,later the Roman Empire,which,at peak,covered anareafrom Cumbriaand Moroccoto theEuphrates.The cityof Romewas thelargest megalopolisof thattime,with apopulation thatmay wellhaveexceeded onemillion people,with ahigh end estimate of

3.5million anda lowendestimateof450,

000.The publicspaces inRome resoundedwith such a dinof hoovesand clatterof ironchariot wheelsthatJulius Caesarhad onceproposed aban onchariot trafficat night.Starting in the middleof thesecond centuryBC,in everyaspect of the privateculture of the upperclasses,Greek culturewas increasinglyin ascendancy,in spiteof tiradesagainst the“softening“effectsof Hellenizedculture from the conservativemoralists.By thetime ofAugustus,cultured Greekhouseholdslaves taughttheRomanyoung sometimeseven thegirls;chefs,decorators,secretaries,doctors,and hairdressers-all camefrom theGreek East.Greek sculpturesadorned Hellenisticlandscapegardening onthe Palatineor in the villas,or wereimitated inRoman sculptureyards byGreek slaves.The Romancuisine preservedin thecookery booksascribed toApicius isessentially Greek.Romanwriters disdainedLatin fora culturedGreek style.Only inlaw andgovernance wasthe Italicnature ofRomesaccretive culturesupreme.Chapter3:Culture during the Middle AgesThe Middle Ages of European historywas a period inhistory whichlasted forroughly amillennium,commonly datedfromthefall of theWesternRomanEmpirein the5th centuryto thebeginning of theEarly ModernPeriod inthe16th century,marked bythe divisionofWesternChristianity intheReformation,the riseof humanismintheItalian Renaissance,and thebeginnings of European overseasexpansion.There issome variationinthedating of the edgesof theseperiods whichis duemainly todifferencesin specializationand focusof individualscholars.The MiddleAges formthe middleperiod ina traditionalschematic divisionofEuropeanhistory intothreeages:the classicalcivilizationofAntiquity,the MiddleAges,and themodern period.The ideaofsuchaperiodization is attributed toFlavio Biondo,an ItalianRenaissance humanisthistorian butcommonlyseen periodizationranges spanthe yearsca.400-476AD thesackings ofRome bytheVisigoths to the deposingof RomulusAugustus toca.1453-1517the Fallof Constantinopleto theProtestant Reformation begun with Martin Luthers Ninety-Five Theses.The MiddleAges witnessedthe firstsustained urbanizationof northernand westernEurope.Manymodern Europeancountries owetheir originsto eventsunfolding inthe MiddleAges;present Europeanpoliticalboundaries are,in manyregards,the resultof themilitary anddynastic achievementsduringthis tumultuousperiod.Empirical analysis:The culturalcontribution of the darkagesChapter4:Culture duringthe RenaissanceThe Renaissance was a cultural movement thatspanned roughlythe14th tothe17th century,beginning inFlorence inthe LateMiddleAgesand laterspreading tothe restofEurope.Thetermisalso usedmore looselyto refertothehistoric era,but sincethe changesofthe Renaissance werenotuniform acrossEurope,this is a generaluse ofthe term.As a culturalmovement,it encompassedaresurgence oflearning basedon classicalsources,the developmentof linearperspective inpainting,and gradualbut widespreadeducational reform.Traditionally,this intellectualtransformation hasresulted intheRenaissancebeing viewedasabridgebetween the MiddleAgesand the Modern era.Although theRenaissance sawrevolutions inmanyintellectual pursuits,as well as socialand politicalupheaval,it isperhaps bestknown forits artisticdevelopmentsand thecontributions ofsuch polymathsas Leonardoda Vinciand Michelangelo,whoinspired the term Renaissanceman.TheRenaissancehas along andcomplex historiography,and therehas beenmuch debateamonghistorians astothe usefulness ofRenaissance asa termand asa historicaldelineation.Some havecalledinto questionwhether theRenaissance was aculturalHadvancen fromtheMiddleAges,insteadseeing itasaperiodofpessimism andnostalgia fortheclassicalage,while othershave insteadfocusedon thecontinuity betweenthe twoeras.Indeed,some havecalled foran endtotheuse oftheterm,which theysee asa productof presentism-theuseof historyto validateand glorifymodern ideals.Theword Renaissancehas alsobeen usedto describeother historicaland culturalmovements,such astheCarolingian Renaissanceand theRenaissance ofthe12th century.Discussion:The inspirationoftheRenaissance tothe culturalrevival ofChinaChapter5:Culture duringthe ReformationTheProtestantReformationwasaChristian reformmovement inEurope whichisgenerallydeemedto havebegunwithMartinLuthersNinety-Five Thesesin1517although a number ofprecursors suchasJohannes Huspredate thatevent.The Reformationis consideredto haveended withthe PeaceofWestphalia in1648;however,many ofthe denominationsthat aroseduring thatperiod continueto existandProtestantism constitutesone ofthe branchesof Christianitytoday.The Counter-Reformation alsoCatholic Reformationor CatholicRevival denotesthe periodofCatholic revivalbeginning withthe Councilof Trentand endingat theclose ofthe ThirtyYears1War,

1648.Such reformsincluded thefoundation ofseminaries forthe propertraining ofpriests inthespiritual life and thetheological traditionsoftheChurch,the reformof religiouslife byreturning orderstotheir spiritualfoundations,and newspiritual movementsfocusing onthe devotionallifeandapersonal relationshipwith Christ,including theSpanish mysticsand the French schoolof spirituality.Discussion:The formationoftheChristian religiouspatternChapter6:Culture duringthe EnlightenmentThe Age ofEnlightenment,or simplyThe Enlightenment,isaterm usedto describea timeinWestern philosophyand culturallife,centered uponthe eighteenthcentury,in whichreason wasadvocatedastheprimary sourceand legitimacyfor authority.Developing moreor lesssimultaneously inGermany,France,Great Britain,the Netherlands,Italy,Spain,and Portugal,the movementspread throughmuch ofEurope,including thePolish-LithuanianCommonwealth,Russia andScandinavia aswellasthe UnitedStates andLatin America.It hasbeenargued thatthe signatoriesofthe American Declaration of Independence,the UnitedStates BillofRights,theFrenchDeclarationofthe Rightsof Manand ofthe Citizen,and thePolish-LithuanianConstitution ofMay3,1791,were motivatedby Enlightenmentprinciples.Empirical analysis:the EnlightenmentoftheChinese DreamChapter7:Culture duringthe SocialIndustrial RevolutionThe Age of Revolution wasa timeperiod experiencinga changeof power:from absolutismto amorefree,democratic government.TheAgeofRevolutionisaterm usedto denotethe periodfromapproximately1760to1830,a timein whichanumberof significantrevolutionary movementsoccurredon bothsides ofthe AtlanticOcean inEurope and the Americas.The periodis notedfor thechangein governmentfrom absolutistmonarchies toconstitutionalist statesand republics.TheAgeofRevolution includestheAmericanRevolution theFrench Revolution,Haitian Revolution,the revoltofthe slavesin LatinAmerica,andtheindependence movementsof nationsin LatinAmerica.The periodwouldgenerally weakenthe imperialistEuropean states,who wouldlose majorassets throughouttheNew World.For theBritish,the lossoftheThirteen Colonieswould bringa changein directionfor theBritishEmpire,with AsiaandthePacific becomingnew targetsfor outwardexpansion.The Industrial Revolution wasaperiodinthelate18th andearly19th centurieswhere majorchangesin agriculture,manufacturing,mining,and transporthadaprofound effectonthesocioeconomic andculturalconditions inthe UnitedKingdom.The changessubsequently spreadthroughout Europe,NorthAmerica,and eventuallythe world.The onsetoftheIndustrial Revolutionmarked amajor turningpointin humansociety;almost everyaspect ofdaily lifewas eventuallyinfluenced insome way.Discussion:the enlightenmentof SocialIndustrialRevolutionto Chinasintellectual creationChapter8:Culture duringtheModernageThe Modernage ofthe CommonEra beganon January1,1901and endedon December31,2000,according tothe Gregoriancalendar.The BritishEmpire,the RussianEmpire,the GermanEmpire,the OttomanEmpire,and theAustro-Hungarian Empiredissolved inthe firsthalf ofthe century,with allbut theBritish Empirecollapsingduringthecourse ofWorld WarI.The inter-war yearssaw theGreatDepression causea massivedisruption tothe worldeconomy.Shortly afterwards,World WarII brokeout,pitting theAllied powers chiefly the Soviet Union,the UnitedKingdom,andthe United Statesagainstthe AxispowerschieflyNazi Germany,the Empireof Japan,and Italywhich eventuallyresultedinatotal victoryfortheAllies,but atthe costof over60million livesand completedevastationof countlessnations.As meansto preventfuture worldwars,the UnitedNations wasformed,howeverdisagreements betweenthe twonew superpowers,theSovietUnion andthe UnitedStates,resulted intheCold War,which dominatedgeopolitical lifefor40years.The SovietUnion collapsedinternally in1991,resulting intheU.S.taking onsole superpowerstatus,although bythe endofthecentury China,India,andtheEuropean Unionhad greatlyincreased theirinfluence.

五、Distribution ofTeaching Hours各教学环节学时分配教学环节习讨讲小其他教题论教学时数实验学环节课课课计课程内容Chapter I415Chapter II44Chapter III426Chapter IV628Chapter V628Chapter VI617Chapter VII426Chapter VIII44Total387348

六、Teaching ResourcesRecommend（推荐教材和教学参考资源）

1、曹顺庆编《西方文化概论》，北京中国人民大学出版社、2016年06月

2、叶胜年著《西方文化导论》，上海上海外语教育出版社，2013年08月

3.庄锡昌著《西方文化史》、北京高等教育出版社，2011年01月

4.孔文，颜榴红主编，《An Introductionto Chineseand WesternCulture》，江苏:南京大学出版社，2014年10月。