还剩10页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法和构成法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法和构成法I形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1)同级比较常用句型为确定结构as+形容词(副词)原级+as否定结构not so(as)+形容词(副词)原级+as如Our gardenis asbeautiful astheirs.Jane didnt writeas/socarefully asher eldersister.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语,如This roomis threetimes as large as that one.2)程度不等的比较,常与than连用,其基本句型是A+形容词(副词)比较级+than B如Shanghai isbigger than any othercity inChina.Which doyoulike better,strawberries orgrapes3)最高级最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,其结构是the+形容词(副词)最高级+比较范围(of/among/in短语)如:Spring is the bestseason inShanghai.David is thecleverest amongthe threebrothers.Tom jumps(the)farthestof allthe students.注副词的最高级前the可以省略II学习比较等级时的些留意事项1)比较的对象应当一样样学习努力the+形容词表示某种人He alwayshelps thepoor.他常常帮助穷人I liketo havea talkwith theyoung.我喜爱同年轻人谈话The richsometimes complain their emptylife.富人有时埋怨他们空虚的生活The policeled theold manacross thestreet.警察领老人横过公路大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的改变,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则改变和不规则改变两种1)规则改变单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词tall(高的)tallertallest未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的)greater greatest以不发音的e结尾nice(好的)nicer nicest的单音词和少数large(大的)largerlargest以-le结尾的双able(有实力的)abler ablest音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母big(大的)bigger biggest结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotter hottest音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est以辅音字母+y easy(简单的)easier easiest结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的)busier busiest改y为i,再加-er,-est少数以-er,-ow clever(聪慧的)cleverer cleverest结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrowernarrowest未尾加-er,-est其他双音节词和important(重要的)多音节词,在前more important面加more,most mostimportant来构成比较级和easily(简单地)最高级more easilymost easily2)不规则改变原级比较级最高级good(好的)/better bestwell(健康的)bad(坏的)/worse worstill(有病的)old(老的)older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的)more mostlittle(少的)less least far(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest as+形容词或副词原级+as1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so asoHecannot runso/as fastas you.2)当as as中间出名词时采纳以下格式as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词This is as goodanexample asthe otheris.I cancarry asmuch paperas youcan..3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面This roomis twiceas big asthat one.Your roomisthesamesize as mine.4)倍数+as+adj.+as=倍数+then+of Thisbridgeis threetimes aslong asthat one.This bridgeis threetimesthe lengthof that one.Your roomis twiceaslargeasmine.Your roomis twicethe sizeof mine.比较级形容词或副词+thanYou aretaller thanI.They lightsin yourroom areas brightasthose inmine.留意1)要避开重复运用比较级(错)He is more clevererthan his brother.(对)He ismoreclever thanhis brother.(对)He isclever thanhisbrother.2)要避开将主语含在比较对象中(错)China is larger thatany countryin Asia.(对)Chinais largerthan anyother countriesin Asia.3)要留意对应句型,遵循前后一样的原则The populationof Shanghai islargerthan thatof Beijing.It iseasier tomake aplan thanto carryit out.4)要留意冠词的运用,后出名词的时候,前面才有可能出名词比较Which islarge,Canada orAustralia Which isthe largercountry,Canada orAustralia She is tallerthan hertwo sisters.She isthe tallerof thetwo sisters.可彳修饰比较级的词1)abit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,agreat deal,any,still,even等2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语3)以上词(除by far)外,必需置于比较级形容词或副词的前面如It shotter inGuangzhou thanBeijing.(误)It shotterin Guangzhouthan inBeijing.(正)A womans heartbeats fasterthana man.(误)A woman,s heartbeats fasterthanamans.(正)2)不能与自身相比较应借助other或else来表达解除如Beckham ismore popularthan anyfootball playerin the world.(误)Beckham ismore popularthan anyother football player inthe world(正)Beckham ismore popularthan allthe otherfootballplayers in theworld.(正)Beckham ismore popularthan anyfootballplayer,else intheworld.(正)Beckham isthe mostpopularfootballplayerintheworld.(正)3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰much,even,far,a bit,a little,a lot,still等This pairof shoesis evencheaper.The newtextbook isalittle thickerthan theold one.He isfive yearsyounger thanI.4)在比较级的句子中出现of thetwo之类的结构时,比较级前也需加定冠词the如He isthe shorterof thetwo boys.Whichisthelargercountry,Canada orAustralia5)比较级+and+比较级结构,表示越来越,多音节词则要用more+and+more+原级如A blockof iceis becomingsmaller andsmaller.I ammoreand moreinterested inhistory.6)the+比较级,the+比较级结构,表不越是就越如The sooner,the better.(越快越好)The busierhe is,the happierhe feels.Ill多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的改变,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的改变,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则改变和不规则改变两种构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est tall(高的)great(巨大的)taller greatertallest greatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加r,-st nice(好的)large(大的)able(有实力的)nicer largerabler nicestlargestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big(大的)hot(热的)bigger hotterbiggest hottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再力口一er,-est easy(简单的)busy(忙的)easier busiereasiest busiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est clever(聪慧的)narrow(窄的)cleverer narrowercleverest narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级important(重要的)easily(简单地)more importantmoreeasily mostimportant mosteasily2)不规则改变原级比较级最高级good(好的)well(健康的)better best bad(坏的)ill(有病的)worse worstold(老的)older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的)more mostlittle(少的)less leastfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest英语中形容词和副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级两者进行比较时,用比较级,比更三者或三者以上进行比较时,用最高级最一.形容词或副词的比较级与最高级的改变规则1)单音节词尾加er或est,变成比较级或最高级new-newer-newe st hard-harder-hardestgreat-greater-greatest2)单音节词以e结尾的,只加r或st.large-larger-largest nice-nicer-nicestbrave-braver-bravest late-later-latest3)以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词,应双写这个辅音字母,再力口er或est.fat-fatter-fattestbig-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottestthin-thinner-thinnest4)少数以er,ow等结尾的双音节词,末尾力口er或est.clever-cleverer-cleverestnarrow-narrower-narrowest)以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,先把y去掉,再力口ier和iest easy-easier-easiest happy-happier-happiestheavy-heavier-heaviest6)其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级easilymore easilymosteasilydifficult-more difficult-most difficult不规则改变good-better-bestbad/i11-worse-worst many/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthest二.用法1)比较级只用于两者之间,常用于比较级+than结构中e.g.He isfatter thanI.She didit morecarefullythan he.2)最高级常用于the+最高级+比较范围e.g.She isthe beststudent inthe class.她是这个班里最好的学生She sings(the)best intheclass.她在这个班唱得最好3)形容词最高级前必需加the,副词最高级常可省略the.绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级,以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同形容词的原级形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形例如poor tallgreat gladbad形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上改变的分为规则改变和不规则改变规则改变如下1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成great(原级)greater(比较级)greatest(最高级)2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成wide(原级)wider(比较级)widest(最高级)3)少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er和-est构成clever(原级)cleverer(比较级)cleverest(最高级)4)以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est构成.happy(原形)happier(比较级)happiest(最高级)5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-estbig(原级)bigger(比较级)biggest(最高级)6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成beautiful(原级)?difficult(原级)more beautiful(比较级)more difficult(比较级)most beautiful(最高级)mostdifficult(最高级)常用的不规则改变的形容词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级Good betterbest manymore mostmuch moremost badworseworst littleless leastill worseworst farfartherfurtherfarthest furthest形容词前如加less和lest则表示较不和最不important重要less important较不重要lest important最不重要busy-busier-busiest noisy-noisier-noisiest cool-cooler-coolest friendly-more friendly-most friendlyheavy-heavier-heaviest nice-nicer-nicest old一older-oldest safe-safer-safest small-smaller-smallest wet-wetter-wettestfamous-more famous-most famousgood-better-best beautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulpopular-more popular-mostpopular crowded-more crowded一most crowdedbad-worse-worstcold-colder-coldest foggy-foggier-foggiest形容词比较级的用法形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下主语+谓语系动词+形容词比较级+than+对比成分也就是,含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句留意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分,而只剩下对比的成分Our teacheris tallerthan weare.我们老师的个子比我们的高It iswarmer todaythan itwas yesterday.今日的天气比昨天温煦This pictureismorebeautiful thanthat one.这张照片比那张照片美丽This meetingis lessimportant thanthatone.这次会议不如那次会议重要The sunis muchbigger thanthe moon.太阳比月亮大得多形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句She isthe beststudentinher class.她是班上最好的学生Shanghaiisone ofthe biggestcities inChina.上海是中国最大城市之一This isthe biggestapple I have evermet.这是我见到的最大的苹果Tom isthe tallestboy inhis basketballteam.汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子有关形容词的几个特别用法most同形容词连用而不用the,表示极,很,特别,特别It smost dangerousto behere.在这儿太危急I cannotdo it,it smost difficult.我干不了这件事,太难了The+形容词比较级...,the+形容词比较级...表示越...就越...The moreyou study,the moreyou know.你学的越多,就知道的越多The moreIhave,the moreI want.我越有就越想要有The more,the better,越多越好形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级,表示越来越...OIt sgetting hotterand hotter.天气越来越热了.It,s pityheisgetting poorerand poorer.真可怜他越来越穷了The computeris cheaperand cheaper.计算机越来越便宜The moreand morepeople focuson themeeting nextyear.越来越多的人关注明年的会议主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句表示两者对比相同This boxis asbigasmine.这个盒子和我的一样大This coatisascheap asthatone.这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜I studyEnglish ashard asmy brother.我同我兄弟一。