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(四)(限时60分钟满分75分)I.阅读理解(共8小题,每小题
2.5分,满分20分)AWhen Johnwas growingup,other kidsfelt sorryfor him.His parentsalways hadhim weedingthegarden,carrying outthe garbageand deliveringnewspapers.But whenJohn reachedadulthood,he wasbetteroff thanhis childhood playmates.He hadmore jobsatisfaction,a bettermamage andwashealthier.Most of alL he was happier.Far happier.These arethe findingsofa40-year studythat followedthe livesof456teenage boysfromBoston.The studyshowed thatthose whohad workedas boysenjoyed happierand moreproductive livesthanthose whohad not.Boys whoworked in the homeor communitygained competenceand cametofeel theywere worthwhilemembers ofsociety,“said GeorgeVaillant,the psychologistwho madethediscovery.And becausethey feltgood aboutthemselves,others feltgood aboutthem.”Vaillant sstudy followedthese malesin greatdetail.Interviews wererepeated atages25,31and
47.Under Vaillant,the researcherscompared the men smental-health scoreswith their boyhood-activityscores.Points wereawarded forpart-time jobs,housework,effort inschool,and abilityto dealwithproblems.The linkbetween whatthemenhad doneas boysand how they turnedout as adults wassurprisinglysharp.Those whohad donethe mostboyhood activitieswere twiceas likely to havewarm relationswith awidevariety ofpeople,five timesas likelyto bewell paidand16times lesslikelytohave beenunemployed.The researchersalso found that IQand familysocial andeconomic classmade norealdifference inhowtheboys turnedout.Working-at anyage-is important.Childhood activitieshelp achild developresponsibility,independence,confidence andcompetence-the underpinningsof emotionalhealth.They alsohelp himunderstandthat peoplemust cooperateand worktoward commongoals.The mostcompetent adultsarethose whoknow howto dothis.Yet workisn,t everything.As Tolstoyonce said,“One canlivemagnificently inthis worldif oneknows howto workand howto love,to workfor theperson onelovesand tolove ones work.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文文章通过John的例子并结合一个研究说明童年时期劳动的孩子长大后会更快乐、更成功
1.What dowe knowabout John【参考范文】Soon Icreated mywebsite the website Ilaunched arubbish removal campaign.I describedmypurpose-calling onvolunteers topick up rubbish.I postedpictures ofrubbish littered about on thewebsite,which couldnot onlyillustrate thesevere situationbut alsoshow thata largenumber ofvolunteers wereingreat need.Besides,I sharedthe storyof Vest Lady whoinfluenced meso much.Surprisingly,my websitegraduallybecame abig hiton theInternet.More andmore peopleput onvests withtheir ownnames.Vblunteers couldbe seenpicking uprubbishin theirspare time.The yellow vests madebeautiful sceneryin thepark oron thestreet.With ourjointefforts,the environmentbecame betterand better.What delightedme mostwas thatpeople sawarenessof environmentalprotection wasimproved.The rubbishremovalcampaignwas abigsuccess.Thanks toVest Ladywho rootedthe senseof environmentalprotection in my mind,more peoplebecameVest Lady.A.He enjoyedhis careerand marriage.B・He hada fewchildhoodplaymates.C.He receiveda littlelove fromhis family.D.He wasenvied byothers inhis childhood.答案A解析细节理解题由第一段最后三句He hadmore jobsatisfaction,a bettermarriage andwashealthier.Most ofall,hewashappier.Far happier.”可知选A
2.Vaillant swords inparagraph2serve as.A.an analysisof howwork wasrelated tocompetenceB・a descriptionof personalvalues andsocial valuesC.an examplefor parentsexpectations of their childrenD.an explanationwhy someboys grewinto happymen答案D解析推理判断题由第二段第
三、四句可知,孩子们通过工作获得能力并感受到社会价值,因而对自我满意,也获得了他人对自己的满意,因而Vaillant的话是对为何孩子成长为快乐的人的解释
3.Vaillant steam obtainedtheir findingsby.A.evaluating themenJ smental healthB・recording theboys effortsin schoolC.comparing differentsets ofscoresD.measuring themen,s problem-solving ability答案C解析细节理解题由第三段中的“Under Vaillant,the researcherscompared themen smental-healthscores withtheirboyhood-activity scores.”可次口选C
4.What canbe inferredfrom thelast paragraphA.Competent adultsknow moreabout lovethan work.B.Emotional healthis essentialto awonderful adultlife.C.Love bringsmore joyto peoplethan workdoes.D.Independence isthe keyto ones success.答案B解析推理判断题根据最后一段第二句可知,孩提时代的劳动能够培养一个人多方面的能力,这些能力正是情感健康的基础,同时也能帮助他们过上更快乐的生活由此可推断出情感健康对享受精彩的成年生活十分重要故选BBOne groupof researchersfound thata14-minute videoof negative TV newscan rapidlyincreaseanxiety andsadness.What sparticularly noteworthyis thatbeyond causinganxiety andsadness,participants of the studywho sawnegative newsexpressed greateranxiety relatedto their own personalissues.So depressingand fear-causing newscan makepeople feelsadder andmore anxious,which,in turn,can magnifytheir ownproblems.How about“positive”news orstories The few studies that exist suggest that inspiring,positivemedia sourceshave theopposite effectsof negativemedia.These researchersfoundthatviewing ashortvideo ofa youngman whoestablished ahomeless shelterin Philadelphiawas specificallyable toinducegratitude andlove.Another groupof scientistsshowed somevolunteers avideo inwhich amusician paystribute高度赞扬to hisformer musicteacher forsaving himfrom alife ofviolence.Seeing thatvideosignificantly increasedthe willingnessof theparticipants tovolunteer.All ofthis researchled meto inventingthe phrase:Just asyou are what youeat youarewhatyousee.v In fact,I onlyrecently learnedthat the word“diet”does notjust referto whatfood weeat-it comesfromthe Greekmeaning for“way of life”or howone liveshis orher life.With thatbroadened definition,theword“diet”has agreater,more all-encompassing meaningin relationto the things that we absorb一food,stories,images,sounds music一and howthey impactus.This doesnot meanwe haveto ignorenegative news.There areimportant thingsthat wecan learn,which can help usunderstand whatother peopleare goingthrough and how wecanhelpto fixtheirproblems.This alljust meansthat weneed abalanced visual diet一one thatnourishes the soul andmotivatesus totake action and makethings better.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文作者陈述了“负面新闻”和“积极新闻”对人的影响
5.What doesthe underlinedword“magnify”mean inparagraph1A.Replace.B.Cause.C.Worsen.D.Express.答案c解析词义猜测题根据画线词前文“What sparticularly noteworthy...expressed greateranxiety relatedtotheir ownpersonal issues.”可知,负面新闻会让观看者对于自己的问题更焦虑,使自己的问题恶化,因此推知“magnify”表示“扩大;加重”故选C
6.What canwe learnabout“positive”news accordingto paragraph2A.It has the sameeffect asnegative news.B・It canbring aboutgratitude andlove.C.It cansave peoplefrom alife ofviolence.D.It canmake volunteeractivities rewarding.答案B解析细节理解题根据第二段的“Thefewstudiesthatexistsuggestthatinspiring,positive mediasources....induce gratitudeand loveZ,可知,“积极”新闻可以带来感激和爱故选B
7.What doestheunderlined phraseinvented by the authormeanA.Good eatinghabits areimportant.B・What weeat reflectsour culture.C・People sway oflife iscomplex.D.What weabsorb caninfluence us.答案D解析句意理解题根据倒数第二段的“With thatbroadened definition...thethingsthat weabsorb——food,stories,images,sounds(music)——andhowthey impactus.n可次口,这句,舌表明我们吸收的东西会影响我们故选D
8.What sthe authors purposeof writingthe textA.To criticizenegativeTVnews.B・To provethe benefitof positivenews.C.To explain a phrasethat heinvented.D.To showhis opiniononavisualdiet.答案D解析写作意图题根据最后一段中“This alljust meansthatweneed abalanced visualdiet——one thatnourishesthesouland motivatesus totake actionand makethings better.v可知,作者写这篇文章是为了表达他对“视觉饮食”的看法故选DH.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)Have youseen peoplewho takepictures offood formore than10minutes beforeeating MyfriendStella issuch anexample.Every timewe wentto arestaurant,she wouldnot takea biteuntil allthe disheswe]were onthe table.Then she would spendfive minutesin2the dishesin aseemingly randombut infact3order.Then themost importantparttaking pictures.After that,she wouldchoose oneofthe4andclick in the filter(滤镜)app.The foodeventually looked10times moredelicious thanit reallywas,butwe hadno5to reallyenjoy it—it allwent cold.Actually Stellas reallife ismuch lesselegant.For example,she hatesto washthe dishes,so sheleaves theminthesink fordays.Many peoplecare toomuch aboutothers opinionsand trytoo hardto6others.They findit hardto be7and toaccept themselves,and thusthey areafraid toshow their8life on social media.What theyare tryingto proveis9what theylack inreality.But thiswill notbring any10to reality,as theystill11the sameold patternoflife.If theyreally wantan elegantlife,they shouldput more12into achievingit13fabricating(伪造)it.Being moreconfident,14themselves andtrying theirbest to be betterare muchmore meaningfulthan15their lifeonsocialmedia.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文文章主要讲述了现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活,作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的如果他们想要优雅的生活,他们应该更加努力,而不是制造假象
1.A.ordered B.servedC.offered D.prepared答案A解析句意每次我们去饭馆,直到我们点的菜都上桌了她才会开始吃order点菜;serve服务;offer提供;prepare准备根据句意可知,此处是指作者他们点的菜被端上桌故选A项
2.A.cooking B.washingC.setting D.collecting答案c解析句意然后她会用五分钟以一种看起来随意实际是布置好的顺序来摆菜品cook烹饪;wash清洗;set摆,放,置;collect收集根据下文的uThen themost importantpart:taking pictures.v可推测,她要把菜品摆好来拍照故选C项
3.A.messy B.arrangedC.casual D.missed答案B解析参考上题句意解析messy杂乱的;arranged布置好的;casual随意的;missed错过的根据句意可知,此处应选择一个和random意思相反的词故选B项
4.A.dishes B.restaurantsC.tables D.pictures答案D解析句意之后,她会选择一张照片,然后放进滤镜应用程序dish菜;restaurant饭馆;table桌子;picture照片根据上文的taking pictures可知,此处用“照片”符合语境,picture是原词复现故选D项
5.A.chance B.choice答案A解析句意最后,食物看起来比实际上的美味十倍,但是我们没有享用的机会,因为食物已经凉了chance机会;choice选择;excuse借口;reason原因结合上下文可知,此处是指因为有人拍照,导致食物变凉,大家错过了享受美食的机会故选A项
7.A.independent B.generousC.responsible D.confident答案D解析句意他们认为自信很困难、很难接受自己,因此他们害怕把自己真实的一面展现在社交媒体上independent独立的;generous慷慨的;responsible负责的;confident自信的故选D项
8.A.real B.secretC.peaceful D.healthy答案A解析参考上题句意解析real真正的;secret秘密的;peaceful和平的;healthy健康的根据下文的“what theylack inreality”可知,此处用“真实的”符合语境,real和reality是同根词故选A项
9.A.rarely B.hardlyC.exactly D.nearly答案c解析句意他们尽力想要证明的,恰好是他们在现实生活中缺乏的rarely稀少地;hardly几乎不;exactly确切地,恰好;nearly几乎故选C项
10.A.difficulty B.changeC.guidance D.harm答案B解析句意但这不会给现实生活带来任何改变,因为他们依然遵循旧的生活模式difficulty困难;change改变;guidance向导;harm伤害故选B项
11.A.question B.dislike答案D解析参考上题句意解析question质问;dislike不喜欢;doubt怀疑;follow遵循根据still和下文thesame可推断,此处是指他们依然按原来的方式来生活,用“遵循”符合语境故选D项
12.A.effort B.ambitionsC.feelings D.money答案A解析句意如果他们真的想要优雅的生活,他们应该付出更多的努力来实现它而不是伪造它effort努力;ambition抱负;feeling感情;money金钱根据常识可知,想要美好的生活,就必须付出努力故选A项
13.A.other thanB.more thanC-rather thanD.less than答案C解析参考上题句意解析other than除了;more than超过;rather than而非;less than少于根据句意可知,上下文是对比关系故选C项
14.A.identifying B.acceptingC.persuading D.amusing答案B解析identify识别;accept接受;persuade说服;amuse使高兴根据上文的They findit hardtobeandto acceptthemselvesv可知,此处用“接受”符合语境,accept是原词复现故选B项
15.A.simplifying B.ruiningC.beautifying D.worsening答案C解析simplify简化;ruin摧毁;beautify美化;worsen恶化根据第一段中的uAfter that,shewouldchooseone ofthe andclick inthe filter滤镜app.”可知,作者的朋友是在美化自己的生活,故此处用“美化”符合语境故选C项III.语法填空共10小题;每小题
1.5分,满分15分A Russianfashion brand,99Recycle,is tryingto tackleSt.Petersburg smountains ofgarbage bycreatingan entiresupply chainout ofthem.Sustainability infashion isbecoming
1.larger andlarger concernasthe21st centuryrolls on,as theindustryis oneofthemost problematic
2.polluter inour societybecause ofthe amountand typesofwaste
3.produce byit.99Recycle scurrent goodsinclude penciland laptopcases,backpacks,bags,skateboards andabicycle.99Recycle usesa large3D printer,which usesrecycled plasticasaraw material.They
4.collectover70tons ofplastic so far byworking withlocal recyclingnonprofits.“The processof preparingthe materialsis
5.complicated thanpreparing ordinarymaterials.Mostof ourtime istaken upbythe
6.prepare,because weneed to clean it,to makeit even,to selectit,to rejectsomematerials,“Olesya Kulik,designer at99Recycle toldEuronews.Inside thefactory,the3D printercreates shapes and textiles纺织品
7.are sewntogether byhand,
8.mean thateach pieceis unique.Along
9.making productsfor purchase,99Recycle hostsclasses andlectures aboutsustainability anddifferentways
10.recycle,hoping tocoach peopleout oftheir throw-away habits.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道俄罗斯的一个时尚品牌用回收的旧塑料作原料,制造各式各样的产品1•答案a解析考查冠词concern在句中意为“令人担心的事”,是抽象名词具体化,且表泛指,应用不定冠词,且larger是发音以辅音音素开头的单词故填a
2.答案polluters解析考查名词复数polluter在此意为“污染源”,为可数名词,根据oneof可知,此处需填名词的复数形式故填polluters
3.答案produced解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,produce在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且produce与waste之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语故填producedo
4.答案have collected解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致根据后面的sofar可知此处为现在完成时,主语为they,助动词用have故填have collected
5.答案more complicated解析考查形容词比较级根据空后的than可知complicated应用比较级形式,在其前面加more故o填more complicatedo
6.答案preparation解析考查名词介词by后应用名词preparation,作宾语,不可数故填preparation
7.答案that/which解析考查定语从句此处为定语从句修饰先行词shapesandtextiles,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词that或which o故填that/whicho
8.答案meaning解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,mean在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作伴随状语,且表示情理之中的结果,故用现在分词故填meaning
10.答案to recycle解析考查非谓语动词短语the way to dosth表示“做某事的方式/方法”,后跟不定式作定语故填to recycleIV.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文One morningon myway toschool,I noticedan elderlywoman dressedinayellowvest(马甲)canying agarbage bagand oneof thoserubbish claws(爪形器具).“What sthat ladydoing”I askedMum.Vest Lady.She justpicks up rubbish aroundhere forfun,“Mum said.Why wouldsomeone thinkpicking up rubbishlooking likea constructionworker isfun”I puzzled.For severalyears Id witnessthis mysteriousVestLady-rain orshine一on mywaytoschool!hadthought shewas crazyfor picking uprubbish.Eventually Ismiled andwaved ather eachtime I sawher.Later,I movedto highschool.The timeIsawrubbish hereand thereI feltreally annoyed.Then Idthink,“Why isnt anyonepickingupthis rubbishPeople areso inconsiderate!”However,shortly after,Irealized pickingup therubbish wasnot someoneelse sproblem.Now Icouldn,t walkpast litterwithout feelingguilty.I volunteeredtocleanuprubbisharound ourschool.Strange asit mightsound,pickinguplitter waskind ofa thrillfor me!Infact,I wasso determinedthatfor my17th birthdayI boughtmyself arubbish claw,reusable glovesand areflective safetyyellowvest withmy ownname onit.During myfirst attemptinmystylish equipment,I metwith unfriendlylooks fromothers asif Iwerea criminaldoing communityservice.One day,I hadan epiphany(顿T吾)I macting justlike VestLady!”But therewas toomuch rubbisharound,cigarette endslitteredabout,cans rollingonthestreet,pieces ofpaper hiddeninthegrass andplastic.Myself alonewas tooweak!How wouldI getmorevolunteers involvedin rubbishremoval Asmart ideaflashed intomy mind.注意续写词数应为150左右Soon Icreated mywebsite gopickingup.com.________________________________________More andmore peopleput onvests withtheirownnames.。