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If itwere torain tomorrow,our picnicwould beput off.条件从句谓语动词用were to+动词原形,表示下雨的可能性极小Were torain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外,但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”注1如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去,但要倒装如Had youIf youhad invitedus,we wouldhave come to yourpartyo2混合时间条件句的用法有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致这时动词的形式,应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式1If she hadn ttrained sohard,she wouldnt berun sofast.从句叙述过去,主句叙述现在fact:she hastrained veryhard,so she would able to runfast.2You wouldspeak Englishwell enoughif youhad practisedreading andspeakingit every day.主句叙述现在,从句叙述过去fact:You didn t practicehasn,t practicedreading andspeakingit every day,so youcan tspeak Englishwell enough.⑶在其他状语从句中的用法主要用于由as ifas though引导的比较状语从句,从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式be变were或1121+过去分词”如She lookedas ifshe wereill.实际上她没有病,在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳Xiao Liuspeaks Englishso wellas if he hadstudied inEngland.这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好
2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用1在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是“should可省+动词原形〃,常用于以下三种句型中句型一It isnecessary important,natural,strange,etc that句型二It isa pitya shame,no wonder,etc that句型三It issuggested requested,proposed,desired,etc that如It isstrange that he shouldhave donethatIt isa pitythat heshould beso carelessoIt is requestedthat we should beso careless0⑵在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议其谓语形式是〃should+动词原形〃如I suggestthat weshould go swimmingo3在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等从句谓语形式是”should+动词原形如:His suggestionis that weshouldleave at once4在同位语从句中,谓语形式是〃should+动词原形〃如We receivedorder that the workbe doneatonce5在It istime that句型中,其谓语动词形式是“动词的过去式〃或should+动词原形〃,should不可省如Its timethat wewentshould go to schoolo初中一年级英语语法总结「篇四」
一、一般时态
1、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或,犬态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes,regularly,near,occasionally,every year,every week等连用例如lThe moonmoves roundthe eartho2Mr.Smith travelsto workby busevery day⑵在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as longas,as soonas,the moment以及if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时例如1I willtell himthe newsas soonas Isee himo2I will not go to countrysideif it rains tomorrow03某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的‘动作,这类动词有be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等例如lThe planeleaves atthree sharpo2The newteachers arrivetomorrow04在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时例如lFree ticketswill begiven towhoever comesfirsto2You’11probably be in the same trainas I am tomorrowo
2.一般过去时1表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用例如We went to thepictures lastnight andsaw avery interestingfilm⑵表示过去习惯性动作例如:lHe alwayswent toclass lasto2I used to do my homeworkin thelibraryo注意与be usedto doing短语的区别
3.一般将来时1表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态例如I shallgraduate next year2几种替代形式lbe going to+v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情例如:I mgoing tobuy ahouse whenwe vesaved enoughmoneyo2be to+v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义例如I amto playtennis thisafternoon3be about to+v表示即将发生的事情例如He was abouttostarto4be dueto+v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事例如The trainis dueto departin tenminutes5be on the point/verge of+v-ing强调即将发生的某种事态例如:The babywas on the pointof cryingwhen her mother finallycame home
二、进行时态
1.现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at themother,for thetimebeing,for the present等连用例如:Don,t disturbher.She isreading anewspaper now
(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用例如My fatheris forevercriticizing me
(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等例如They areleaving forHong Kongnext montho
(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词如see,hear,smelL taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动itf]);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态例如l)Tom lookspale.What swrong withhim(look在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”)2)Tom islooking forhis bookso(look在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”)
2.过去进行时过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用例如1)We werediscussing thematter whenthe headmasterenteredo2)Whenever Ivisited him,he wasalways writing at thedesko
3.将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等例如1)This timenext daythey will be sittingin thecinema2)What willyou bedoing atsix tomorrowevening
4.完成进行时(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述
三、完成时态完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作它可分为
1.现在完成时1现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作常与yet,already,just连用,或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况常与for,since连用例如5I havejust finishedmy homeworko2Mary has been illfor threedayso2常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有since,for,during,over等引导出的短语;副词already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等;状语词组this weekmorning,month,year,so far,up tonow,many times,up to thepresent等例如1I havent beenthere forfive yearso2So far,she hasn,t enjoyedthe summervacation3There have been a lot ofchanges since19783完成时态可用在下列结构中This That,It iswas thefirst secondtime+定语从句;This That,It iswas theonly last+n+定语从句;This That,It iswas+形容词最高级+n+定语从句如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时一,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时例如1This isone ofthe rarestquestions thathave ever been raisedat suchameetingo2There wasa knockat thedoor.It wasthe secondtime someonehadinterrupted methat eveningo
2.过去完成时1表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成例如1We hadjust hadour breakfastwhen Tomcame in2By the end oflast yearthey hadturned out5,000bicycleso⑵动词expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现例如I hadmeant totake agood holidaythis year,but Iwasn,t able to getawayo另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是1was/were+to havedone sth,例如We wereto havecome yesterday,but wecouldn to2intended expected,hope,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired+to havedone sth,例如I meantto have told youabout it,but Iforgot to do so⑶过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:1hardly,scarcely,barely+过去完成时+when+过去时例如Hardly had I gotonthebus whenit startedto moveo2no sooner+过去完成时+than+过去口寸例如No soonerhadIgone outthan hecame tosee me3by theend of+过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时例如The experimenthad beenfinished by4o clockyesterday afternoorio
3.将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有by thetime/theend of+表示将来时间的短语和句子;before theend of+表示将来时间的词语或句子;when,after等加上表示将来动作的句子等例如lBy this time tomorrowyou willhave arrivedin Shanghaio2I shallhave finishedthis compositionbefore9o clocko3When weget onthe railwaystation,the trainwill probablyhave lefto
4.完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事Id ratheryou came tomorrowo4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等I thoughtyou mighthave some.我以为你想要一些比较一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在Christine wasan invalid all her life(含义她已不在人间)Christine hasbeen an invalid all her life(含义她现在还活着)Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven yearso(含义达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州)Mrs.Darby haslived in Kentucky for seven yearso(含义现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注意用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等Did youwant anythingelse1现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻例如I have been lookingfor mylost bookfor threedays,but Istill haventfound ito2过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻例如It had been rainingcats anddogs forover aweek andthe downpourhadcaused landslidesin manyplaces03将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻例如By thetime youarrive tonight,she willhave beentyping forhourso四时态一致时态一致是英语
四、六级考试的一个重要内容通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态一般原则是
1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态He saysthat helives inWuhanoWe hopethat therewill bemany peopleat yourparty today“Did youhear thatBill finallysold thehouse”“Yes,but I dont knowwho boughtit.”“There sa lotof excitementonthestreet.“There certainlyis.Do yousuppose theastronauts havereturned”
2、当主句谓语使用过去时的口寸候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态He saidhe waswritinganoveloThe teacherwanted toknow whenwe wouldfinish theexperimentoHe saidhis fatherhad been an engineer
3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时例如The teachertold themsince lighttravels fasterthan sound,lightningappears to go beforethunder注在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时
4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则例如We insistedthatwedo itourselveso
五、动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者1We useelectricity torun machines.主动语态2Electricity is usedtorun machines.被动语态
1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语1在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词包括短语容易弓I起误用如appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,come true,take place,consist ofo2某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也没有被动语态
2.被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式SPAN一般时进行时完成时现在am askedam beingaskedis askedis beingaskedare askedare beingasked过去was be asked wasbeing askedwerebe askedwere beingasked将来shall beasked shallhave beenaskedwill beasked willhave beenasked过去should beasked shouldhave beenasked将来wou1dbeasked wouldhave beenasked
3.短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略例如1)So farno correctconclusion hasarrived at2)All therubbish shouldbe gotrid ofo
4.“get+-ed分词”的被动语态“get+-ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件例如The boygot hurton his way homefrom worko另外,“get+-ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为例如get dressed(穿衣服)get divorced(离婚)get engaged(订婚)get confused(迷惑不解)get lost(迷路)get washed(洗脸)get married(结婚)
5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来例如1)We showedthe visitorsour newproducts.(主动语态)2)The visitorswere shownour newproducts.(被动语态)3)Our newproducts wereshown to the visitors.(被动语态)
(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语例如l)The teacherappointed himLeague secretary.(主动语态)2)He wasappointed Leaguesecretary.(被动语态)
6.被动语态与系表结构的区别
(1)The novelwas wellwritten.(系表结构)
(2)The novelwas written by Diskens.(被动语态)
7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思彳列1The bookis sellingremarkably wello例2The songsounds verybeautiful0能这样用的动词还有read读起来,clean擦起来,wash洗起来,write写起来彳列3My watchneeds cleaning.=My watchneeds tobe cleaned能像need这样用的动词还有want,require,deserve,do,owe,bind等例4The meatis cookingo例5The bookwrittenby the professoris printingo初中一年级英语语法总结「篇五」I.要点
1、一般现在时1表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用如Sometimes,we goswimming afterschoolo2表示客观真理、科学事实等如The earthgoes roundthe sun
2、现在进行时1表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now,at present等时间状语连用如:What areyou doingnow2和always,continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感如He isalways doinggood deedso
3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,so far,once,never等词连用如Have youeverbeento Beijing
4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用如r11meet youat the school gatetomorrow morningoWeregoingtosee afilm nextMondayo
5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in1998,a momentago等词连用如It happenedmany years ago
6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作如:What wereyou doingthistimeyesterday
7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作如The trainhad alreadyleft beforewe arrivedo
8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作如He saidhewouldcome,but hedidn,to
9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例初中一年级英语语法总结「篇六」构词法英语构词法主要有合成法、派生法和转换法
1、合成法如spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等
2、派生法1派生名词
①动词+er/or
②动词+ing
③动词+tion
④形容词+ness
⑤其他,如inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge
(2)派生形容词
①名词+y
②名词+ful
③动词+ing/ed©friendly
⑤dangerous
⑥Chinese;Japanese©English
⑧French
⑨German⑩国名+⑴an如snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,follwing,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious
(3)派生副词:
①形容词+ly
②其它,如slowly,angrily,full-fully,good-well,possible-possibly等等
3、转换法
(1)形容词f动词,如dry(干燥的)f dry(弄干),clean(干净的)f clean(打扫,弄干净),等等
(2)动词f名词,如look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等等
(3)名词f动词,如:hand(手)-(传递),face(脸)-(面对)等等
(4)形容词f副词,如early-yearly,fast-fast等等
(5)副词一连词,如when(什么时候)-*(当时候),等等
(6)介词一副词,如in(到里)一(在里面;在家),on(在上)一(进行,继续),等等初中一年级英语语法总结「篇七」实义动词与非实义动词根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)如:He boughta story book.他买了一本故事书(buy为实义动词)He hasread thestory book.他已读过这本故事书(has为时态助动词,read为实意动词)He shouldread thestory book.他应该读读这本故事书(should为情态助动词,red为实义动词)上面对实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解学习,相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们考试成功初中一年级英语语法总结「篇八」bring sb.doing sth.引起某人做某事catch sb.doing sth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事discover sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事feel sb.doing sth.感觉某人做某事find sb.doing sth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事get sb.doing sth.使某人做某事have sb.doing sth.使某人做某事hear sb.doing sth.听见某人做某事keep sb.doing sth.使某人不停地做某事listen to sb.doing sth.听某人做某事I wonderedif youcould helpmeo2)情态动词could,wouldoCould youlend meyour bike一般过去式与一般现在时所表示的很相像,但一个表示过去,一个表示的是现在所发生的初中一年级英语语法总结「篇二」初中英语语法大全总结实义动词与非实义动词实义动词与非实义动词】下面是对英语中实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解,希望同学们很好的掌握实义动词与非实义动词根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)如He boughta story book.他买了一本故事书(buy为实义动词)He hasread thestorybook.他已读过这本故事书(has为时态助动词,read为实意动词)He shouldread thestorybook.他应该读读这本故事书(should为情态助动词,red为实义动词)look atsb.doing sth.看着某人做某事notice sb.doing sth.注意到某人做某事observe sb.doing sth.观察某人做某事prevent sb.doing sth.阻止某人做某事see sb.doing sth.看见某人做某事send sb.doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事set sb.doing sth.使(引起)某人做某事start sb.doing sth.使某人开始做某事stop sb.doing sth.阻止某人做某事watch sb.doing sth.观看某人做某事初中一年级英语语法总结「篇九」1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+do eg:I likewatching monkeysjump2(比较级and比较级)表示越来越怎么样3a pieceof cake=easy小菜一碟(容易)4agree with sb赞成某人5all kindsof各种各样a kindof一样6all overthe world=the wholeworld整个世界7along with同一道,伴随eg:I willgo along with you我将和你一起去the studentsplanted treesalongwith their teachers学生同老师们一起种树8As soonas一怎么样就怎么样9as youcan see你是知道的10ask for求助向要(直接接想要的东西)eg:ask youfor mybook11ask sb for sth向某人什么12ask sb to do sth询问某人某事ask sbnot to do叫某人不要做某事13at the age of在岁时egI amsixteen I am at theageof sixteen14at thebeginning of的起初;的开始15attheend of+地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg:At theend ofthe day16at thistime ofyear在每年的这个时候17be/feel confidentof sth/that clause+从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信eg:I am/feel confidentof myspoken EnglishI feelthat Ican passthe test18be+doing表:1现在进行时2将来时19be ableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能够eg:She isabletosingShe cansing20be ableto do sth能够干什么eg:she isabletosing21be afraid to do(of sth恐惧,害怕eg:T mafraed togo outat nightr m afraidof dog22be allowed to do被允许做什么eg:rmallowedtowatch TV我被允许看电视I shouldbe allowedto watchTV我应该被允许看电视23be angry with sb生某人的气eg:Don,t be angrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfor doing sth为什么而生某人的气25beas原级as和什么一样eg:She isas tallas me她和我一样高26be ashamedto27be awayfrom远离28be awayfrom从离开29be bad for对什么有害eg:Reading booksin thesun isbadfor youreyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30be born出生于31be busydoing sth忙于做什么事be busywith sth忙于32be careful当心;小心33be differentfrom和什么不一样34be famousfor以著名35be friendlyto sb对某人友好36be from=come from来自egHe isfrom BejingHe comesfrom BejingIshe fromBejingDoes hecome fromBejing37be fullof装满的be filled with充满eg:the glass is fullof watertheglassisfilledwithwater38be glad+to+do/从句39be goingto+v原将来时40be goodat+doing二do wellin在某方面善长,善于41be goodfor对什么有好处eg:Reading aloudis goodfor yourEnglish42be happyto do很高兴做某事43be helpful to sb对某人有好处eg:Reading aloudis helpfulto you大声朗读对你有好处Exercising ishelpfultoyour bady锻炼对你的身体有好处44be in good health身体健康45bein trouble处于困难中eg:She isintroubleThey arein tronble46be interestedin对某方面感兴趣47be latefor二come lateto迟到eg:Be latefor class上课迟到48be like像eg:Im likemy mother49be madat生某人的气50be madefrom由制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51be madeof由制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52be notsure表不确定53be ona visitto参观54be popularwith sb受某人欢迎55be quiet安静56be shortfor表的缩写eg:陶is shortfor陶俊杰57be sickin bed生病在床58be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg:Iam sorryforyou59be sorry to hearthat60besorryto troublesb eg:Iamsorryto troubleyou61be strictin doing sth严于做某事eg:Hes strictin obeyingnoles62be strictwith sb对某人要求严格eg:Some studentsare notstrict withthemselves这些学生对自己不严格63be strictwith sbin sth某方面对某人严格64be supposedto do被要求干什么65be sure表确定66be sure of doingsth对做某事有信心eg:He issureof winningIamsureoflearning Englishwell67be sureof sth对做某事有信心eg:Im sureof myhead(my teacher我相信我的大脑(老师)68be surethat sth对做某事有信心eg:Im suerthathecan pass thetest我相信他能通过考试69be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg:We aresure topassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试We aresuretolearn Englishwell我们一定能学好英语70be terrifiedof+名/动doing害怕71be terrifiedto do sth害怕做某事72be thesame as和什么一样73be usedto doingsth习惯做某事eg:My fatherisusedto gettingup early我爸爸习惯早He isused tosleepingin class他习惯上课睡觉74be worthdoing值得做什么75be feelafraidto do sth害怕做某事beafraid ofsth害怕某物be afraidthat丛句76because+句子because of+短语eg:He waslate becausehehada headacheHe waslate becauseof hisheadache77begin to do=start to do开始做某事startwith=beginwith以什么开始什么eg:Lets begin the game withthesong Ibegin togo home78betweenand两者之间79borrow sthfrom sb向借lend sthto sblend sbsth借给什么东西eg:I borroweda penfrom himhe lenta pento mehe lentme apen80both=thesameas二not differentfrom表相同81bother打扰bother sbto do stheg:rmsorrytobother you,but canyou tellmetoway to the station我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problemhasbeenbothering mefor weeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He,s botheringmetolend himmoney82bytheendof到为止83call sbsth eg:We callhim oldwang84care关心eg:Dont youcare aboutthis countrysfuture你为什么不关心国家的未来85catch upwith sb赶上某人86chat with sb和某人闲谈take sbto+地点带某人去某地87come in进88come overto过来89come upwith提出eg:Can youcome upwith agood idea你能想出——个好办法吗?90communicate with sb和某人交流91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Why notconsider goingto luzhou为什么不考虑去泸州?92dance to随着跳舞eg:She likesdancing tothe music她喜欢随着日东班舞93decide to do sth决定做某事94do asurvey of做某方面的调查95do betterin在方面做得更好96do wrong做错97Dont forget to do sth不要忘了做某事98Don,t mind+doing/从句/名词不要介意99each+名(单)每一个eg:Each studenthas manybooks每一个学生都有一些书100end up+doing101enjoy+doing喜欢102escape from从逃跑eg:The prisonershave escapedfrom theprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103expectto dosth期待做某事104fall down摔下来fall off从哪摔下来105fall inlovewith sb/sth爱上什么106far from离某地远eg:The schoolis farfrom myhome107find+it+adj+to do发现做某事怎么样108find sb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:I findthe bookinteresting109finish完成+doing(名词)110fit to sb=be fitfor sb适合某人111forgetto do没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don,t forgettogohome Iforget closingdoor112fromto从某某至U某某eg:From mefor her113get/have sthdown做完,被(别人)做eg:I havemy haircut我理了发(头发被剪了)Tom gothis badtooth pulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉)T114get apart-time job=find apart-time job115get alongwell withsb=get onwell withsb与某人相处得好116get alongwithsb=get onwithsb与某人相处117get ready for=beready for为什么而准备eg:I getreadyfor math Iam readyformath118getsb intotrouble给某人麻119get sbto dosth120getfrom从某处得到某物121give atalk做报告eg:He isgive atall122give sthto sbgive sbsth给某人某物123go fish钓鱼goswimming游泳124go onto do去做下一件事go ondoing继续做这件事125go outaway fromgoout of126go toschool上学(用于专业的)go totheschool去学校(不一定是上学)127good wayto好方法128hate to do讨厌没做过的事hate doing讨厌做过的事129have aparty for sb举办谁的晚会130have atalk听报告谈一一谈131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:You havebeen talkingYou havebeensleeping since132havebeento(地方)去过某过地方have goneto(地方)去了某地还没回来133have fun+doing玩得高兴134have sthto do有什么事要做eg:I havealotof homeworkto do我有很多家庭作业要做I havenothingto do我没什么事情做135haveto dosth必须做某事136have troubleproblem indoingsth做什么事情有麻烦137havetime+doing138have时间off放假eg:I havemonth off我请一个月得假139hear sb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140help alot很大用处141help sbwith sth\one,s sth帮助某人某事某方面help sbto dosth帮助某人做某事142hope to dosth希望做某事143How about+doing=What about+doing144how doyou like二what doyou thinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否=wethereg:Idontknow ifwether I should go totheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He dontknow ifwether wewill arriveon timetomorrow morning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146if:如果,假如(全部接一般时态)十条件语态从句上面对实义动词与非实义动词知识的内容讲解学习,相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们考试成功辅导之构词法【一辅导之构词法】关于构词法的英语语法知识,希望同学们认真学习构词法英语构词法主要有合成法、派生法和转换法
1、合成法如spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等
2、派生法:1派生名词
①动词+er/or
②动词+ing
③动词+tion
④形容词+ness
⑤其他,如inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge2派生形容词
①名词+y
②名词+ful
③动词+ing/ed©friendly
⑤dangerous
⑥Chinese;Japanese©English
⑧French
⑨German⑩国名+⑴an如snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,foilwing,daily每日的,nervous,delicious3派生副词
①形容词+ly
②其它,如slowly,angrily,full-fully,goodfwell,possiblef possibly等等
3、转换法1形容词f动词,如dry干燥的.f chy弄干,clean干净的f clean打扫,弄干净,等等eg:r11gotoLuZhou ifit does5train假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州If theychange theplan theywill letme know假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的r11gotoEngland,if I have enoughmoney nextyear如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国147in one,s opinion=sb think某人认为148in someways在某些方面149in theend=finally(adv)最后150in thenorth of什么在什么的北方(north北sow th南west西east东)151in thesun在太阳下152increase增加eg:They,ve increasedthe preceof petrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%the populationhas increasedfrom12million tenyearsagoto18millionnow153instead of+(名)代替eg:rdlike anapple insteadof apear我想耍苹果,而不要梨子I likeEnglish insteadof math我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154introduce sbtosb介绍某人给某人introduce oneself自我介绍155invite sbtodosth邀请某人做某事156It takessb sometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:It tookme5minutes todomyhomework Ittakes mehalf an hour tocook157Its+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事怎么样158Its+adj+todo做某事怎么样159Its+adj forsb对于某人来说怎么样Its+adj ofsb对某人来说太怎么样160Its+adj forsbtodo对某人来说做某事怎么样Its+adj ofsbto dosth对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg:Its niceof you to helpmewithmy English161Its agood ideaforsbtodosth对来说是个好主意162Its importanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:Its importantto me163Its timetodosth Its time forsth到了该去做某事的时间eg:Itstimeto haveclass Itstime forclass该去上课了164join=take partin参力口165just now刚才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样?167keep out不让进入168keep sbadj让保持eg:I wantto keepmy motherhappy keephealthy保持健康169key to+名词表示某物的钥匙或某题的答案170key toanserto key可以是答题或钥匙171laugh at取笑eg:Don,t langhat othersWe langhedatthejoke172learn byoneslfe自学173learn fromsb向某人学习eg:We shouldlearn fromLei Feng174learn todosth学做某事175let sbdosth让某人做某事176Let sbdown让某人失望egWe shouldn,t letour farentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望177live from:离某地远178live in+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:I livein LuZhouShe livesatXuanTan179look after=take careof照顾照看180lose one,sway谁迷路eg:Lose yourway你迷路181make adecision todosth决定做某事182make friendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:I wantto makefriends withyou183make itearly把时间定的早一点184make onexhibition ofoneself让某人出洋相185make sb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:I madeher mystep mollerI madeyoumy wife186make sb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么样eg:You mustmade yourbedclean187make sb/sth adj使某人/某物怎么样188make sbdosth让某人做某事eg:I madehim write我以前让他写189make upbe madeup of(被动语态)由组成190makedifference to191mind sbtodomind one,s doing介意做什么192most+名most of+代193much too+形容词194must be一定195need+名词196need sbdosth需要某人做某事197need todo(实义动词)need do(情态动词)198no/neithr ofhate todo no/neithr ofhate doing2动词f名词,如look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等等
(3)名词一动词,如:hand(手)一(传递),face(脸)一(面对)等等
(4)形容词f副词,如early^early,fast^fast等等
(5)副词f连词,如when(什么时候)一(当时候),等等
(6)介词一副词,如in(到里)一(在里面;在家),on(在上)一(进行,继续),等等一般过去时用法的语法[一一般过去时用法的】一般过去时表示在过去确定的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态或者是在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态时间状语有yesterday,last week,anhourago,the otherday,in1982等Where didyou gojust now2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作When Iwasachild,I oftenplayed footballinthestreetoWhenever theBrowns wentduring theirvisit,they weregiven awarmwe1comeo3)句型:It istime forsb.todosth〃到时间了〃〃该了〃It istime sb.did sth.〃时间已迟了〃〃早该了〃It istime foryoutogotobed.你该睡觉了Itistime youwenttobed.你早该睡觉了would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事Id ratheryou cametomorrowo4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等I thoughtyou mighthave some.我以为你想要一些比较一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在Christine wasaninvalidallherlife(含义她已不在人间)Christine hasbeenaninvalidallherlife(含义她现在还活着)Mrs.Darby livedinKentuckyforsevenyearso(含义达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州)Mrs.Darby haslivedinKentuckyforsevenyearso(含义现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注意用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等Did youwant anythingelseI wonderedif youcould helpme2)情态动词could,wouldoCould youlend meyour bike一般过去式与一般现在时所表示的很相像,但一个表示过去,一个表示的是现在所发生的语法need[—need]didnt needtodo的意思是过去不必做某事,事实上也没做而neednt havedone则表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了初中英语语法大全need〃不必做〃和〃本不该做〃didnt needtodo表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做neednt havedone表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了John wenttothestation withthe carto meetMary,so shedidnt needtowalk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了John wenttothestation withthe carto meetMary,so sheneednt havewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车)典型例题There wasplenty oftime.SheA.mustnt havehurried B.couldnt havehurried C.must nothurry D.neednthave hurried答案Dneednt havedone.意为〃本不必〃,即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要Mustnt havedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnthave done,〃不可能已经〃must notdo不可以(用于一般现在时)初中一年级英语语法总结「篇三」
1.要点表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等一般常用于正式的书面语中
1、虚拟语气的构成如与现在事实相反If I had moretime,Ishouldstudy German,(fact:Ihaveno moretime,so Ishall notstudy German.)If shewere notso busy,she wouldattend themeeting thisafternoon,fact:she isvery busy,so shewillnotattend themeeting thisafternoon.If theydidn ttake physical exercises everyday,they wouldn,t besohealthy,fact:they takephysicalexerciseseveryday,so theyare veryhealthy.与过去事实相反I wouldhave checkedmy paperagain ifI hadhad moretime atyesterdays examination,fact:Ihadno moretime atyesterdays exam,so Ididntcheckmy paperagainYou wouldhave alreadyrecovered from his illnessifhehad seenthedoctor ingood time,fact:He didnt seethe doctoringoodtime,so hehasnt recoveredfromhisillness与将来事实相反If itrains tomorrow,our picnicwillbeput off.The weatherhas beenchangeablethese days.If itrained tomorrow,our picnicwould beput off.The weatherhasbeenvery goodthese days.If itshould raintomorrow,our picnicwould beput off.That wouldbeout ofour expectation.。