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•Grammar andUsageStep1:General introductionThissection teachesfour othercases thatneed touse unreal conditionals.You911learn the forms ofmixedunreal conditionals,words thatcan replaceif-clauses inimplied conditionalsand theusage ofwishor would rather in unreal conditionals.Step2:RevisionAs welearned in the lastunit,when asentence istalking aboutsomething thatis notreal orcurrentlyimpossible,the verbwill beused ina specialform thatexpresses awish,possibility,condition,etc.Here9re someexercises for you.Choose thebest answers:
1.Had youlistened to the doctor,you all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been
2.any changeabout thedate,please tellme immediately.A.Will therebe B.Should therebe C.There will beD.There shouldbe
3.today,he wouldget thereby Friday.A.Would heleave B.Was heleavingC.Were he to leaveD.If heleave
4.Should itrain,the crops.A.would besaved B.would have been savedC.will besaved D.had been saved
5.You comeearlier.The busleft amoment ago.A.would B.should have C.may D.have
6.What shouldwe doif ittomorrowA.should snowB.would snowC.snow D.will snow
7.You sucha seriousmistake if you had followed hisadvice.A.may notmake B.might notmakeC.shouldnt have made D.might not have made
8.If itwere notfor thefact thatyou ill,I wouldask youto dothis rightnow.A.were B.had beenC.are D.should beKeys1-5CBCAB6-8ADCStep3:Explanation andpractice
1.We shouldfirst payattention to theformsof thepredicate verbsin different tenses whenwe usesentencesinunrealconditional.Lefs rememberhow toform unrealconditionals of the present,past orfuturetime.tense If—clause main clausepresent didwerewould/should/could/might dopasthad donewould/should/could/might havedonefuture did,should do,were to do would/should/could/might do
2.We usemixed conditionalswhen the mainclause and theif-clause areabout differenttenses.e.g.1If you had comeand attendedthe meetingyesterday,you wouldknow whatwe aredoing now.2If youhadfollowedmy advice,you would not bein troublenow.Now,complete PartA.Pay attentionto thedifferenttensesin theif-clauseandthemainclause.AnswersA1had notstudied2would not be3had studied4would have5knew6would be7could help8would not be
3.Read Point
2.Sometimes wecan useotherwise,or andphrases beginningwith with,without andbutfor toreplaces aif-clause inimplied conditionals.Pay attentionto theverb formin themain clauses.
4.In adverbialclauses introducedby even if,as if,as thoughand ifonly wecan useunrealconditionals.In object clauses afterwish orwouldratherthe subjunctiveverb formsare oftenused becausethespeaker thinkswhat issaid inthe clauseis currentlynot trueor possible,or will not happen.You shouldknowdifferent subjunctiveverb formsare usedintheobjectclauseaccording tothe time that theeventhappened orwill happen.e.g.1I wish youhadmet himyesterday.2Without your help,we couldnt havemadesuch progressin mystudy inthe pastfew years.3If onlyyou hadnt told himwhat Isaid!Everything would have beenall right.4Without electronic computers,much oftodays advancedtechnology couldnt have beenachieved.
5.Read thedialogue inPart Band fillin eachblank witha properword orphrase accordingto themeaningofthesentence.AnswersB1Without2otherwise/or3otherwise/or4wish5With汕6Without7even if8w out9If only10as ifForreference动词的语气一一虚拟语气
一、语气的定义和种类、语气语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度
1、语气的种类2⑴陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句如我们没准备好多好的天气啊!We arenot ready.What afine dayit is!祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等请打开门2Open thedoor,please0⑶虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等如If I were you,I shouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你,我就学英语了May yousucceed!祝您成功!
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气如If itdoesnt raintomorrow,we will如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园go tothe park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句如If he如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的had seenyou yesterday,he would have askedyou aboutit.事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下从句主句动词的过去式的过去式动词be would/should/could/might+与现在事实相反般用原形werewould/should/could/might与过去事实相反过去分词had+过去分词+have+动词过去式,+should动词would/should/could/might+与将来事实相反动词原形,动词原were to+原形形注主句中的只用于、但在美国英语中,常被代替;从句中的should Iwe,should wouldshould可用于各种人称、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果如1If mybrother werehere,everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没问题了、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果2$□:If youhad takenmy advice,you wouldntcouldnthave如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会不可能考试不及格failed inthe exam.、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果如3If itwere Sundaytomorrow,I shouldwould,could,如果明天是星期天,我就可能去看望我奶奶might goto seemy grandmother.If itwere tosnow如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了this evening,they wouldnot goout.、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气,这4时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整例如:If youhad listenedtothedoctor,you would be如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在allrightnow.、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式5⑴省略连词在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有或可以把省略,把这儿if were,had should,if个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装例如Should hecome Ifhe shouldcome,tell himto ringme他要是来了,让他给我打个电话我要是你,就不up.Were Iyou If I wereyou,I wouldnot doit.做这事用介词短语代替条件状语从句如2Without airIf therewere notair,there would be noliving如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了things.But for yourhelp If ithadnt beenforyourhelpI要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事couldnthavedone it.I wasbusy thatday.Otherwise Iwould have gonethere withthem.If I hadnt beenbusy thatday,I would have gonethere withthem.我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了如果我那天不忙的话,我就;I wouldhave finished the我本来该完成这项工作work,but Ihave been ill.If Ihadnt beenill,I would havefinishedthe work.的,但我生病了如果我没生病的话,我就会完成……、省去条件从句或主句表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍6可以推知省去条件从句如你本可以自己洗衣服的省1You could have washedyour clothesyourself.去了叮事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗省去主句常用以表fyouhad wantedto”2示愿望如如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!事实是:祖母If mygrandmother werewith me!已不在世;如果她没走就好了!事实是:她已经走了
三、虚拟语If onlyshe hadnot left!气的其他用法、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在”这类句型1It isimportant strange,natural,necessarythat---里,所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用十动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要“、that“should“奇怪“、咱然“、“必要”等意义如It isimportant thatevery membershould informhimself重要的是每个成员知道这些规则of theserules.、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法2⑴在动词后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通wish常省略连词表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式动词一般用that1be如我希望知道这个问题的答案可惜不知道;wereo Iwish Iknew theanswer tothe question.表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用十过去分词”如2had Iwish wishedIhadntspent so我后悔不该花那么多钱实际上已经花掉;表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词much money.3形式为十动词原形”如.但愿雨能停止;“would Iwish itwould stopraining Iwishyouwould come但愿你立刻来soon,在等动词后的宾语从句中,谓2suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire语动词用动词原形,表示建议、要求、命令等如should+I demandthat heshould answerme我要求他立刻答复我immediately.、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法3在带有引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,1evenif/even though动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同如:Even ifhe had beenill,he would have gonet his即使生了病,他俩去办公室office.⑵由或引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时从句谓语形式为动词的过去式用as ifas thoughbe或十过去分词如匚他那样对待我,好像我是陌生were“had Hetreated meas ifIwerea strange人似的她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过She talkedabout thefilm as if shehad reallyseen it.一样注:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气、4虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法在…”句型中,定语从句的谓语动词常It istimethat用虚拟语气表示将来,动词形式一般用过去式,意思是”该干某事的时候了”如:Ifs我们该做作业了high time we didour homework.、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法5⑴情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌,或委婉的语气,常见于日常会话中如你最好别太晚睡觉It would be betterforyounot tostay uptoo late.在一些习惯表达中如我宁愿不告诉你2I wouldrather nottell you.⑶用动词原形”表示“祝愿“、”但愿、此时须置于句首多用于正式文体中如may+may祝你快乐!.祝你顺利May yoube happy!May goodluck beyours相关高考试题(全国)
1.Eliza rememberseverything exactlyasifit yesterday.2006A.was happeningB.happens C.has happenedD.happened
2.---Dont youthink itnecessary that hetoMiami butto NewYork(江苏)---1agree,but theproblem ishe hasrefused to.2005A.will not be sent;that B.notbe sent;thatC.should notbe sent;what D.should notsend;what
3.IfIplan todo anythingI wantedto,Id liketo goto Tibetand travelthrough(湖北)as muchof itas possible.2005A.would B.could C.had toD.ought toKeys1-3DBB_______________________________________________________________Step4:ConsolidationI.Multiple choice
1.We demandedthat weof anychange inthe plan.A.informed B.wouldbe informed C.beinformedD.had beeninformed2・Its necessarythathea recognizedqualification.A.has B.haveC.had D.having
3.Its hightimeweour attentionto thisproblem.A.turned B.turn C.had turnedD.would turn
4.If onlyyou himwhat Isaid!Everything wouldhavebeenallright.A.didnt toldB.hadnttoldC.wouldnottell D.wouldhavenot told
5.He must have hadan accident,or hehere then.A.wouldhavebeen B.had beenC.should havebeen D.could be
6.Much labourwouldhavebeensavedif theelectroniccomputersbefore.A.had inventedB.were inventedC.should havebeen inventedD.had beeninvented
7.cease advertising,prices wouldbe significantlyreduced.A.Were theyto B.Could theyC.If theyD.Would they
8.Five minutesearlier,and wethe lastbus.A.had caughtB.should havecaught C.could havecaught D.caught
9.You theclothes!We havea washerwomantodothat sortof thing.A.shouldnt have washed B.mustnt havewashedC.can nothavewashedD.neednt havewashed
10.Jean doesntwant towork rightaway becauseshe thinksthat ifshe ajob sheprobablywouldnt beable tosee herfriends veryoften.A.has toget B.were toget C.had gotD.could havegot
11.The madman wasput inthe soft-padded celllest hehimself.A.injure B.had injuredC.injured D.would injure
12.It ispolitely requestedby thehotel managementthat radiosafter11oclock atnight.A.were notplayed B.not toplay C.notbeplayed D.did notplay
13.You don*thaveto bein sucha hurry.I wouldrather youon businessfirst.A.would goB.will go C.went D.have gone
14.It isimportant thatenough moneyto fundthe project.A.be collectedB.must becollected C.was collectedD.can becollected
15.If onlythe committeethe regulationsand putthem intoeffect assoon aspossible.A.approve B.will approveC.can approveD.would approve
16.1dont thinkit advisablethat Tomtothejob sincehe hasno experience.A.is assignedB.willbe assigned C.beassignedD.has beenassigned
17.You herin heroffice lastFriday;she*s beenout oftown fortwo weeks.A.neednt haveseen B.must haveseen C.might haveseen D.cant haveseen
18.We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise wehim.A.wouldhavetelephoned B.musthavetelephonedC.would telephoneD.had telephoned
19.It isrecommended thatthe projectuntil allthe preparationshavebeenmade.A.is notstarted B.willnotbe startedC.notbestarted D.is notto bestarted
20.1wish Ilonger thismorning,but Ihad toget upand cometo class.A.couldhave slept B.slept C.might haveslept D.haveslept
21.1her tothe partybut Ididn*t knowher well.A.ought haveinvited B.wouldhaveinvitedC.should inviteD.may haveinvited
22.You totown tosee thefilm lastweek.It willbe onTV tomorrow.A.needn*t goB.should not goC.had betternotgoD.neednt havegone
23.---Would youhave calledher uphad itbeen possible——Yes,but Ibusy doing my homework..A.was B.were C.hadbeenD.wouldbe
24.It wasessential thatthe applicationforms backbefore thedeadlineA.must besent B.wouldbesent C.besentD.were sent
25.It isimportant thatwe.A.shall close the window before weleaveB.will closethe windowbefore weleaveC.must closethe windowbefore weleaveD.closethewindowbeforewe leaveILTranslation我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了
1.•他本可以给你更多的帮助,即使他很忙2-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他?
1.-会的,不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话,你现在就不会这么困了
4.没有电,今天人类的生活就完全不同了
5.Keys
1.1-5:CBABC6-10:DACDB11-15:ACCAD16-20:CD ACA21-25:BDACDIL
1.1didn*tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwise Iwouldhavetelephoned him.
2.He mighthave givenyou morehelp,even thoughhe wasvery busy.
3.——Would youhave calledher uphad itbeen possible——Yes,but Iwere busydoingmyhomework.
4.If youhadnt seenthat filmlate lastnight,you wouldntbe sosleepy.
5.Without electricity,human lifewouldbequite differenttoday.。