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教学设计Section IVGrammarWriting定语从句()关系代词引导的限制性定语从句I考点精析
一、定语从句的概述英语中用来修饰名词或代词,起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后,且常常由引导词引导被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句的引导词叫做关系词
二、定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句木节主要学习限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起到限制的作用,限制性定语从句通常与主句紧密相连,译为汉语时,通常以“……的”来体现定语从句
三、定语从句的引导词
(一)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,按其性质分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose,as关系副词when,where,why
(二)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法的用法
1.that既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语,而且作宾语时可以省略thatThis is the book.I want to readit.()—This isthe bookthat Iwant toread.这就是我想读的那本书(指代在定语从句中作宾语)that the book,Tom is one of the guests.They comefrom theUSA.一Tom isone ofthe gueststhat comefrom theUSA.汤姆是从美国来的客人中的一位(指代在定语从句中作主语)that theguests,()在引导的一般疑问句中,为避免重复,定语从句的关系代词用1who,which that被通知的单位或人一般用第三人称,但如果带有称呼语,则用第二人称表示被通知的对象,口头通知就常用第二人称表示被通知的对象涉及要求或注意事项时,也常用第二人称表示被通知的对象(祈使句中常常省略)[黄金表达]
1.Everyone isrequired/expected tobe presenton time.
2.All teachersand studentsare requiredto...
3.Notice ishereby giventhat…(兹通矢口.......)
4.Our school/The Students*Union will/is goingto hold...
5..A lecturewill begiven at700this eveningin...专题练习为了丰富同学们的课外活动,校学生会决定组建自行车俱乐部()假如你是学生cycling club会主席,请根据以下提示,用英语准备一份书面通知.俱乐部的主要活动内容1•每周一次的基础训练,有教师辅导,安排在课外体育活动时间;•每月一次的户外活动,安排在月末双休日;•如有可能,同其他团体进行比赛;参加俱乐部的好处(内容自拟,至少两点);
2.注意事项器材自备,活动免费;
3.如何加入俱乐部月号前到号大楼层房间报名
4.9256602注意.通知应包括以上所有信息,可适当发挥1词数左右
5.120参考词汇基础训练辅导basic traininginstruct v.安排器材arrange v.equipment n.[参考范文]NoticeIn orderto makeour schoollife morecolorful,Students Unionhas decidedto setup acycling club.Our cyclingclub will have alot ofactivities formembers.We havebasic trainingonce aweek,whichwill beinstructed byteachers.It will be arrangedduring thetime ofafter-class physicalactivities.There willalsobe anoutdoor cyclingtrip at the lastweekend ofeach month.And wewillhavesome raceswith otherteamsif possible.We aresure it will be an idealplace foryou tomake morefriends andto keepfit.Besides,ifyou aresuffering thestress fromstudy,itwill beagreat chanceto relaxyourself.So,if youare interestedin our club,you cancome toourclubin Room602,on thesixth floor,Building5before Sep.
20.By theway,you haveto getthe equipmentready byyourself,but thecharge isfree.Have greatfun!Students*UnionSeptember12Who isthe manthat issweeping theleaves正在打扫落叶的那个人是谁?先行词是等不定代词或由不定代词、序数词、形容词最2everything,anything,nothing,alb little高级及等修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时,定语从句的关系代词the very,the only用thatI likeeverything that you havebought forme.我喜欢你为我买的一切The firstplace thatthey visitedin Londonwas theBig Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用3thatAt theparty,we talkedabout thepersons andthings thatwe had seen inAmerica.晚会上,我们谈论了我们在美国所见到的人和物[考题印证1]•山东高考1—12011The oldtown hasnarrow streetsand smallhouses arebuiltclose toeach other.A.they B.whereC.what D.that解析考查定语从句关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语句意这座古that smallhouses,老的城镇街道狭窄,小房子之间挨得很近答案D•全国卷1—22010n1refuse toaccept theblame forsomething wassomeone elses fault.A.who B.thatC.as D.what解析考查定语从句是定语从句,修饰先行词在“that wassomeone else*sfault”something,that从句中作主语答案B的用法
2.which指物,在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略whichHis filmwas aboutthe lifeof Gandhi.It wonseveral awards.—His filmwhich wonseveral awardswas aboutthe lifeof Gandhi.他的荣获好几项奖的影片是关于甘地生平的指代在定语从句中作主语which hisfilm,David had just boughta car.The carwas destroyed in the hurricane.一The carwhich Davidhadjustbought wasdestroyedin thehurricane.戴维刚买的汽车在飓风中被毁坏了指代在定语从句中作宾语which thecar,[点津]在从句中作宾语时常可省略,但在介词后不能省略lwhich当先行词本身是时,关系代词用而不用2that whichthatWhats thatwhich isflying in the sky在空中飞的那个东西是什么?先行词后有插入语时关系代词用而不用3which thatoHeresthebookwhich,I think,you havebeen lookingfor.我想这就是你一直在找的书[考题印证]2•福建高考2011She hasa giftfor creatingan atmospherefor herstudents allowsthemto communicatefreely witheach other.A.which B.whereC.what D.who解析考查定语从句分析句子成分可知,与修饰它的定语从句被an atmospherefor herstudents隔开,该从句缺少主语,所以用引导which答案A的用法
3.who指人,在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略whoHere comesthe girl.She wantsto seeyou.一Here comesthe girlwho wantsto seeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了指代在定语从句中作主语who thegirl,The personhas just returned from Italy.Susan is talking tohim.—The personwho Susanis talkingto hasjustreturnedfromItaly.苏珊正在与之交谈的那个人刚从意大利回来指代在定语从句中作宾语who theperson,[考题印证]3胡南高考2010U1«become goodfriends withseveral ofthe studentsin my schoolI metintheEnglish speechcontest lastyear.A.who B.whereC.when D.which解析考查定语从句根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应用引导定语从句,修饰先行词whostudentso答案A的用法
4.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略whomThe studentisthe best player in our school.We sawhim just now.一The studentwhom wesaw just now isthe bestplayerinourschool.我们刚才见到的那个学生是我们学校最好的运动员指代在定语从句中作宾语whom thestudent,[点津]在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可以省略,但介词提前时不能省略1whomThe manto whommy fatheristalkingis myteacher.我父亲正在与其谈话的那个人是我的老师也可以代替在从句中作宾语,但不能用于介词之后2who whomwhoThe personwho/whom youjust metis Mr.Li.刚才你遇到的那个人是李先生的用法
5.whose既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,指人时,相当于;指物时,相当于whose of whom ofwhichoYoutook herumbrella.The womanis veryangry aboutthat.—The womanwhose umbrellayou tookis veryangry aboutthat.你拿了她的伞的那位女士为此很生气(指代在定语从句中作定语)whose her,This isthe house.Its doorhas beenpainted red.—This isthe housewhose doorhas beenpainted red.这就是那座门被刷成了红色的房子(指代在定语从句中作定语)whose its,[考题印证4]一(•新课标全国卷)412011The prizewill goto the writer storyshows themost imagination.A.that B.whichC.whose D.what解析考查定语从句先行词与定语从句的主语之间有所属关系,因此用关系thewriterstory代词引导定语从句whose答案C(•北京高考)4—22010Children whoare notactive ordiet ishigh infat willgainweight quickly.A.what B.whoseC.which D.that解析考查定语从句关系词修饰从句中主语作的定语,故选diet,diet B答案B专题练习【.把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句
1.The manlives inthe room next to me.He madea speechyesterday.The manwho/that madea speechyesterday livesintheroomnexttome.
2.The cameraison the desk.You wantit.()The camerawhich/that youwant isonthedesk.
3.Michael Jacksondied onJune25,
2009.His musicis stillvery popular.Michael Jacksonwhose musicis stillvery populardied onJune25,
2009.
4.The womanis amovie star.You met with herjustnow.()The womanwho/thatyoumetwithjustnowis amovie star.
5.Every yearRio DeJaneiro holds a Carnival.The2016Olympic Gameswillbe held there.Every yearRio DeJaneiro that/which willhost the2016Olympic GamesholdsaCarnival..单项填空n
1.Is thisthe hospitalyour motheronce workedin whenshe wasyoungA.where B.whatC-that D.the one解析句意这就是你母亲年轻时曾经工作过的医院吗?先行词为定语从句中介词hospital,in后缺少宾语,故选关系代词在定语从句中作地点状语;不能引导定语从句;可where whatthe one用来充当定语从句的先行词,而不是关系词答案C
2.His parentswouldnt lethim marryanyone familywas poor.A.ofwhom B.whomC.of whose D.whose解析句意他的父母不允许他和任何家庭贫困的人结婚之后为定语从句,关系词在anyone从句中作定语,修饰要用故选family,whoseD答案D
3.Its timeto saygoodbye tomyschool.Ill alwaysremember thepeople havehelpedme.A.who B.whatC.which D.where解析句意到了和我的学校说再见的时候了我将永远记住那些帮助过我的人之后people为定语从句,先行词是人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用不能引导定语从句;whoo whatwhich的先行词是物;在从句中作状语,故选where A答案A
4.The professorstalked withus aboutthe beautifulschools andthe experienced teachers theyhadseen.A.that B.whoC.which D.what解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词the beautifulschools andthe并在从句中作宾语,先行词既有人又有物,故选项正确experiencedteachers,A答案A
5..If youwanttofind someinformation abouta foreigncountry,you canask yourfriends havebeen tothatcountry.A.whomB.whichC.who D.whose解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词并在从句中作主语,friends,故选项正确C答案C
6.Is thatthe exhibitionthe second-year studentsvisited lastSundayA.where B.whichC.in whichD.the one解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词并在从句中作the exhibition,宾语,故选项正确B答案B
7.This isthe onlybus goesto thevillage school.不填A.B.thatC.where D.it解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词并在从句中作the onlybus,主语,故选项正确B答案B一
8.What doyou thinkofthefilm SchindlersList—This isthe bestfilm Ihave everseen.A.that B.whatC.who D.whom解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词并在从句中作thebestfilm,宾语,故选项正确A答案A
9.He willnever forgetthe dayhe spentwith hisstudents.A.when B.whichC.during whichD.on which解析分析句子结构可知,所填词引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词并在从句中作the day,spent的宾语,故选项正确B答案B
1.气良好,运动会将于下星期六上午举行校乒乓球队队员请于本周六下午点半来乒乓球馆集训南京来的乒乓球明星将给予辅导
2.4通知发布日期是年月日
3.20121111Notic
①②As ithas beenraining allthese days,the sportsmeet ofthis Saturdayhas tobe putoff.All students
③are requiredto cometo schoolon Saturdaymorning asusual,but therewillbeno classthat afternoon.Ifweather permits,the sportsmeet willbeheldnext Saturdaymorning.©Players ofthe schoolPing-Pong teamare tobe trainedatthePing-Pong hallat430p.m.this
⑤Saturday.Some famousPing-Pong starsfrom Nanjingwill coachyou inyour training.Office ofPhysical EducationNov.11th,2012结构分析第一段通知事件——周六运动会延期第二段通知事件——乒乓球队员集训亮点点击
①句中引导原因状语从句,且时态运用恰当;表示“不得不”,生动地传达了因为下as hast雨运动会被迫推迟的无奈心情,更容易让读者产生共鸣;
②句中用.来表示对学生的要求,比起直接用显得更有礼貌,而且语be requiredto dosth should气更坚定;
③句中使用了引导的条件状语从句,语言地道,运用恰当if技法指导通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事项或召开会议等所使用的应用文英语通知通常可分为两类书面通知和口头通知书面通知的写法有两种一种是以布告形式贴出,把事情通知有关人员,如学生、观众等,通常不用称呼;另一种是以书信的形式传达给有关人员,这种通知写作形式同普通书信,只要写明通知的具体内容即可通知的整体要求是言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时书面通知的写作格式及要求如下通知的标志1书面通知是书面的正式公告或布告,常常是张贴在显眼的位置,多用作标志为了醒目notice起见,标志可以用大写但如果发通知的单位以首字母大写形式出现在通知的标志之上,则NOTICE标志也要首字母大写,即并常写在正文上方的正中位置标志后可以编号,也可以不编号Notice,口头通知用作标志,但通常省略不说书面通知按照书信的格式写就可以Announcement发通知的人或单位及时间2发通知的人或单位的名称,一般写在标志的上方或在正文后面的左下角;发通知的时间要写在正文的左下角,也可按书信格式写在正文的右上角不过,这两项有时可以省略口头通知一般不说这两项通知的正文3正文要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容多为书面通知的首句、出席对象及有关注意事项部署工作的通知要把工作内容和要求写清楚正文一般可采用文章式,为了醒目也可采用广告式广告式要求简明扼要,一个句子可以写成几行,且尽量写在中间,各行的第一个字母一般都大写通知的对象4。