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教学设计Unit1Section IVGrammarWriting知识必备
一、名词性从句的概念在句子中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句学习名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等
二、名词性从句的引导词作从句的成分类词形词义分that\\连词whether或if是否\whoever(无论)谁[主格]主语、表语whomever(无论)谁[宾格]宾语连接whose谁的[所有格]定语代词主语、宾语、whichever(无论)哪一个(些)表语、定语主语、宾语表whatever(无论)什么,东西语、定语、连接when什么时间状语副词where什么地方状语how怎样,如何状语why为什么状语
三、名词性从句的分类
1.主语从句⑴主语从句通常由连词that和whether,连接代词或连接副词引导That shepassed theexam madeus veryhappy.她通过了考试使得我们非常高兴Whether hewill comeor notis still a question.他是否会来仍然是个问题解析选Dthat引导同位语从句,解释statement的内容
6.they foundis somebrain systemsdon*t gowell withage.A.Which;what B.What;thatC.What;which D.Which;that解析选Bwhat用来引导主语从句且作found的宾语;that无实在意义,用来引导表语从句
7.(2010•浙江高考)It isuncertain sideeffect themedicine willbring about,althoughabout twothousand patientshave takenit.A.that B.whatC.how D.whether解析选B句意尽管有大约2000个病人服过这种药,但这种药会有什么副作用还不确定此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是what引导的从句,what在句中作定语,表示“什么样的
8.his dreamof going to collegewill cometrue isuncertain.A.That B.WhetherC.If D.Even if解析选B句意他上大学的梦想能否实现还不确定whether”是否、在此引导主语从句,if引导主语从句时不位于句首that引导主语从句时无意义;even if意为“即使”
9.—I sawyour neighborbreak yourwindow witha basketball.一he brokeit mademe nearlymad.A.That B.WhatC.When D.Whether解析选A引导词在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意义,只起连接作用,故选A
10.一Can Ihelp you一Yes,do youknowA.when comesthe busB・when will come the busC・when doesthebuscomeD.when thebus comes解析选D考查宾语从句宾语从句要用陈述语序,故选D写作讲座•英文故事佳作观摩请根据以下所提供的情景,写一篇日记8月6日星期天晴上午1点,你在一家商店买东西,这时进来一对美国夫妇他们要买一件衬衫由于售货员不懂英语,他们显得很着急你帮了他们的忙,他们对你很感激你对自己能与外国人交谈感到很高兴August6th,Sunday Fine
①I was doing shoppingat teno*clock thismorning whenan Americancouple enteredthe shop.
②For awhilethey weretelling the shop assistantthat theywanted tobuy ashirt butthe shopassistant couldntunderstandwhat theysaid.
③On seeingthat theyall seemedto beanxious,I wentover andacted astheirinterpreter.©With myhelp thecouple boughta niceshirt andthey thankedme again and again.@1wasvery gladthat Ihad madesome progressin myEnglish study,for Ican talkwith foreignguests inEnglish!结构分析第
①句交代时间、地点、人物第
②④句记叙事件过程〜第
⑤句交代事情经历的感受和意义亮点点击
①句中使用wasdoing...when…句式
⑤句中that引导宾语从句,for连接并列句技法指导英文故事属于记叙文范畴记叙文是记人叙事的文章,以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、人物、起因、过程及结果,即我们通常所说的五个“W”what,who,when,where,why和一个“H”how记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写讲述故事,就是要通过完整的情节、生动形象的语言,使读者在享受故事情节的同时,有所感、有所悟
1.故事的标题标题应有一定的吸引力和冲击力,要新颖别致,不能太泛,且最好能点明故事的中心
2.故事的开头引人入胜的开头才能抓住读者的心
3.故事的情节在构思情节时要动脑筋,不能平铺直叙,要有悬念,写出矛盾,写出层次来;要避免过多的对话,一般少用直接引语,多用间接引语
4.故事的结局结局要在意料之外,又在情理之中在故事的结尾要简洁明了,最好有趣,这样可以给读者留下深刻印象[黄金表达]
1.天气cloudy,foggy,rainy,freezing,wet,sunny,cold
2.土也点mountain,park,river,valley,woods,old house,bus stop
3.动词(短语)argue,escape,fall,find,get back,get lost,recognize,meet,start todo,decide todo
4.形容词afraid,amazing,excited,exciting,glad,strange,frightening
5.时间副词和连词while,when,then,suddenly,immediately,hardly...when,no sooner...than,assoon as,not until,at first,after,later in the end,just,before专题练习假如你是李华,在日记中你记录了某天在路上的经历,请你用英文表达日记内容,并请你为此日记写出结尾和你对此事的看法
2012.
9.1晴今天我很早起了床,然后匆忙赶到汽车站上了车后,我坐在汽车后排,听着MP3里传出的音乐,我怡然自得突然,旁边传来很大的笑声,一个年轻人一边抽烟一边打着电话,就在这时,一个小男孩走过来,说道・・•…注意
1.参考词汇社会公德social morality
2.词数120左右,已给开头部分不计入总词数Today isSeptember lst.lt is a sunnyday._________________________________________[参考范文]Today isSeptember lst.lt isa sunnyday.I gotup veryearly thismorning andthen hurriedto thebusstation.I seatedmyself at the backof thebus,enjoying thebeautiful musicfrom myMP
3.Suddenly,there cameto aloud laughter.A young man besideme wastalking loudlyover hiscell phonewhilesmoking acigarette.Just thena boycame upand saidto him,Uncle,would youplease notsmoke hereTheyoung mansface turnedred atthe words.He stoppedsmoking andkept sayingsorry to thepassengers.In myeyes,what theyoungmandid isa shame.As we all know,smoking andtalking loudlyin publicareboth badmanners.It goesagainst socialmorality.Whenever andwherever weare,we shouldalways payattentionto ourbehaviors.Only inthis waycan wemake thesociety moreharmonious.What hesaid atthe meetingwas veryinspiring.他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心[考题印证1]1—1(2013•北京高考)makes thebook soextraordinary is the creativeimagination ofthe writer.A.That B.WhatC.Who D.Which解析选B考查主语从句句意让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力所填词引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,故选B1—2(2012•安徽高考)The limitsof apersons intelligence,generally speaking,are fixedat birth,buthe reachesthese limitswill dependon hisenvironment.A.where B.whetherC.that D.why解析选B考查主语从句的引导词句意一个人的智力极限,通常来说,出生时就已经定型了,但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境根据depend屋可知,主语从句“he reachestheselimits”中含有不确定因素,故用whether,选B
(2)主语从句可以直接放在句首,有时为了平衡句子结构或表示强调,常用it作形式主语,而将从句放在后面It isreported that the novelhas beentranslated intoseveral foreignlanguages.据报道这部小说已经被翻译成了几种外语It isnecessary thatwe shouldbuy aChinese-English dictionary.我们买本汉英词典是有必要的Whether we shall have our sports meeting is still aquestion.=It isstillaquestion whether weshallhaveoursports meeting.我们是否开运动会仍然是个问题[考题印证2]2—1(2013•陕西高考)It remainsto beseen the newly formed committees policy can beputinto practice.A.that B.whichC.what D.whether解析选D考查主语从句句意这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察分析句子结构可知,It作形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的从句“thenewlyformedcommittee^policycanbe putintopractice”;再根据句意来判断,此处表示“是否”的意思故选D2一22012・^胡南高考Every oneinthevillage isvery friendly.It doesntmatter you have livedtherefor ashort ora longtime.A.why B.howC.whether D.when解析选C考查主语从句句意村里所有人都很友好无论你在该村住的时间长或短都没差别由句意可知选whether,和空后的or构成whether…or…“无论还是”的固定句型
2.宾语从句⑴在句中起宾语作用的从句为宾语从句宾语从句可分为三类动词宾语从句、介词宾语从句和形容词宾语从句Could youtell mewhether/if itsnows inwinter inAustralia你能告诉我澳大利亚的冬天是否会下雪?We aretalking aboutwhetherweadmit studentsinto ourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部Im sure that hewill succeed.我确认他会成功的[点津]宾语从句后如果接补语,则常用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句置于句末We allfind itimportant thatwe shouldmake aquick decisionabout thismatter.我们都认为对这件事尽快做出决定很重要2宾语从句的时态
①如果主句谓语是现在时,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定I knowhe livedinacity threeyears ago.我知道他三年前住在某个城市里
②如果主句谓语是过去时,从句要用表示过去的某一时态He saidthat hehad seenthe filmThe Flowersof War.他说他曾看过电影《金陵十三钗》[点津]如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时The teachertold usthat the earth movesaround thesun.老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转3否定转移当动词believe,expect,guess,imagine,suppose,think等后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,通常否定主句I dontthink youare right.我认为你不对[考题印证3]3—12013•北京高考Experts believepeople canwaste lessfood byshopping onlywhen it isnecessary.A.why B.whereC.that D.what解析选C考查宾语从句句意专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物,就会浪费较少的食物所填词引导宾语从句,而且在从句中没有词义,也不作成分,故选C3—22011•安徽高考His writingis soconfusing thatit*s difficultto makeout it is he istrying toexpress.A.that B.howC.who D.what解析选D考查宾语从句句意他的书写如此令人困惑,以至于难以辨认他在试图表达什么分析句子结构可知,引导词在定语从句he istrying toexpress中作宾语,因此用whato
3.表语从句⑴表语从句通常由连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词,以及as if,as though,because等连词引导The questionis whetheritisworth doing.问题是这事值不值得做It lookedas ifit wasgoingtorain.天看上去好像要下雨2当主语是reason时,表语从句一般要用that引导而不用becauseoThe reasonwhy hedidnt come to schoolwas that he wasill.他没来学校的原因是他生病了[点津]后跟表语从句的连系动词除be动词外还有seem,look,appear,sound等[考题印证4]2013•安徽高考From space,theearthlooks blue.This isabout seventy-one percentofits surfaceis coveredby water.A.why B.howC.because D.whether解析选C考查名词性从句的引导词句意从太空中看,地球是蓝色的这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着此处考查的是表语从句的引导词,主要涉及because和why引导表语从句时的区别分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知,此处为“前果后因、应用because,故选C
4.同位语从句1从句在复合句中充当同位语成分,通常跟在一些抽象名词idea,belief,fact,truth,problem,news等后面,对名词做进一步解释说明同位语从句常用that或连接副词when/where/why/how弓I导The fact that hedidnt sayanything atthe meetingsurprised everybody.他在会上什么也没说使得大家很惊讶The viewthat teenagersshouldnt spendtoo muchtime visitingthe Internetis sharedby manyparents.青少年不应该花太多时间上网,这个观点被很多父母所接受2that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中充当句子成分,在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,一般不能省略I receivedthe messagethat he would comeby plane.我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息同位语从句I receivedthe messagethat yousent me.我收到了你发给我的消息定语从句The newsthat theyhad wonthe gamearrived soon.很快就传来了他们比赛获胜的消息(同位语从句)The newsthat youtold meyesterday is true.昨天你告诉我的那个消息是真的(定语从句)[考题印证5](2012•江苏高考)The noticecame aroundtwo inthe afternoonthe meetingwould bepostponed.A.when B.thatC.whether D.how解析选Bo考查同位语从句分析句子成分可知,the meetingwould bepostponed^^是同位语从句,解释说明notice的具体内容,从句句意完整,所以用that引导
四、that/if/whether引导的名词性从句
1.that引导的名词性从句(l)that引导名词性从句时,仅起连接作用,不充当成分,无实际意义She sensedthat shewas beingwatched bya tallman ina yellowcoat.她感觉到一个穿黄色外套的高个子男人正在盯着她看
(2)that引导的名词性从句,只有在宾语从句中可以省略,在其他从句中that一般不省略;但若动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,其余的不能省略I know(that)you havestudied English,and thatyouhavewritten anEnglish poem.(第二
4、that不能省略)我知道你学英语了,还写了一首英文诗
(3)that引导的从句如果作介词宾语,一般只用在except,in等少数介词后except tha(t除了……),in that(因为……)The problemlies inthatthemist maybecome athick fog.问题在于轻雾可能转变为浓雾I didnttell himanything exceptthat Iwasnt ableto findmy wayback.我只告诉他我找不到回去的路了[考题印证6]6—1(2012•浙江高考)1made a promise tomyself thisyear,my firstyear inhighschool,would bedifferent.C.that D.how解析选C考查名词性从句此处是that引导的同位语从句,用来解释说明apromise的具体内容,从句句意完整,所以用that引导6—2(2011•天津高考)Modern sciencehas givenclear evidencesmoking canlead tomanydiseases.A.what B.whichC.that D.where解析选C考查同位语从句句意现代科学有充分的证据表明吸烟会导致多种疾病结合句意和句子成分可知该句不缺少句子成分,故用that引导,解释说明evidence的内容
①与or not直接连用时用whetheroNo oneknows whetheror nottheshopwill beclosed.没人知道商店是否要关闭
②介词或discuss后的宾语从句用whether,不用ifStudents discussedwhether middleschool studentsshould smoke.学生们讨论了中学生应不应该抽烟It dependson whetheryou agreewith us.那要看你是否和我们意见一致
③表语从句用whether不用if,意为“是否The questionis whetherwe canget there.问题是我们是否能到达那儿
④同位语从句中,表“是否讲用whether而不用ifThere issome doubtwhether heisthebest manfor thisjob.他是不是担任这项工作的最佳人选,还有点疑问
3.that与whether if的用法区别whether if表示“是否,而that却不表示任何含义两者区别原则是that表示一种肯定、明确的概念,而whether if则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念I amsurethatheishonest.我肯定他是诚实的We doubtwhether ifhe canwin thegame.我们怀疑他是否能赢得这场比赛[考题印证8]2010北京高考Part ofthe reasonCharles Dickensloved his own novel,David Copperfield,was itwasrather closelymodeled onhisownlife.A.what B.thatC.why D.whether解析选B考查名词性从句考查句型“The reason…is that…”,that引导表语从句,在从句中不作句子成分专题练习I.用适当的引导词填空
1.Could youtell mewhether/if weare goingfor apicnic thisSunday
2.The problemis whetherwe canmake goodpreparations insuch ashort time.
3.・I dontknow whetheror notthe reportistrue.
4.The newsthathetold meis thatTom wouldgo abroadnext year.
5.We believethat thereis nodoubt thatthe meetingwill bea greatsuccess.
6.Energy iswhat makesthings work.
7.Whether thesportsmeetingwill beheld next week dependson whetherthe weatherwill befine.
8.The questionis whocan completethe difficulttask.
9.That theSmiths willcometoour schoolnextweekisafactthatweallknow.
10.It hasbeen foundthat plasticscan widelybe usedin industries.n.单项填空
1.It worriedher abit herhair wasturning gray.A・whether B.thatC.what D.when解析选B在此句中it作为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,故用that引导whether虽在名词性从句中不作成分,但表示“是否,不符合语境
2.We thoughtit apity shemissed thechance.A.if B.whatC.that D.when解析选C句意我们认为她错过这个机会是一个遗憾本句中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的从句,从句结构意义完整,故C项正确
3.The questionis wecant gothere today.A.that B.whatC.which D.when解析选Ao句意问题是我们今天不能去那儿引导词在表语从句不作成分,故用that引导
4.We haventsettled thequestion ofitisnecessary forhim tostudy abroad.A.if B.whereC.whether D.that解析选C句意我们还没有解决关于他是否有必要去国外学习的问题此处用whether引导名词性从句,作介词of的宾语
5.Many newspaperprinted thegovernors statementhewouldsupport atax cut.A.and B.was that。