人教版高中英语必修一课文原文及翻译

Unit4Earthquakes第四单元地震Reading地球的一个不眠之夜A NIGHTTHE EARTHDIDNT SLEEPStrangethings werehappening in the countrysideof northeastHebei.For threedays thewaterin thevillage wellsrose andfell,rose andfell.Farmers noticedthat thewell wallshaddeep cracksin them.A smellygas cameout of the cracks.In thefarmyards,the chickensandeven thepigs weretoo nervoisto eat.Mice ranout of the fieldslooking forplaces tohide.Fish jumpedout of their bowlsand ponds.At about3:00am onjuly28,1976,somepeople sawbright lightsin thesky.The soundof planescould beheard outside the cityofTangshan evenwhen noplanes werein thesky.In the city,the waterpipes insomebuildings crackedand burst.but theone millionpeople of the city,who thiughtlittle oftheseevents,were asleepas usualthat night.At3:42am everythingbegan toshake.lt seemedas ifthe worldwas atan end!Elevenkilometres directlybelow the city the greatest earthquakeofthe20th centuryhad begun.ltwas feltin Beijing,which ismore thantwo hundredkilometres away.One-third ofthenation feltit.A hugecrack thatwas eightkilometres longand thirtymetres widecut acrosshouses,roads andcanals.Steam burstfrom holesin the ground.Hard hillsof rockbecamerivers ofdir.In fifteenterrible secondsa largecity layin ruins.The sufferingofthepeoplewas extreme.Two-thirds ofthem diedor wereleft withoutparents.The number of peoplewhowere killedor injuredreached more than400,

000.But howcould the survivors believeit wasnaturalEverywhere theylooked nearlyeverythingwas destroyed.All ofthe cityshospitals,75%of itsfactories andbuildings and90%of itshomes weregone.Bricks coveredthegroundlike redautumn leaves.Nowind,however,could blowthem away.Two damsfell andmost ofthe bridgesalso fellorwere notsafe fortravelling.The railwaytracks werenow uselesspieces ofsteel.Tens ofthousands of cowswould nevergive milkagain.Half amillion oigsand millionsofchickens weredead.Sand nowfilled thewells insteadof water.People wereshocked.Then,later thatafternoon,another bigquake whichwas almostas strongas thefirstone shookTangshan.Some ofthe rescueworkers anddoctors were trapped undertheruins.More buildingsfell down.Water,food,and electricitywere hardto get.people begabtowonder howlong thedisaster wouldlast.All hopewas notlost.Soon afterthe quakes,the armysent150,000soldiers toTangshan tohelpthe rescueworkers.Hundreds ofthousandsofpeople werehelped.The armyorganizedteams todig outthose whoweretrappedand tobury thedead.To thenorth ofthe city,mostof the10,000miners wererescued from the coalmines there.Workers builtshelters forsurvivorswhose homeshad beendestroyed.Fresh waterwas takento thecity butrain,truckand plane.Slowly,thecitybegan to breathe again.河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1/3的地方都有震感一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中人们遭受的灾难极为深重2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿死伤的人数达到40多万幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地,然而它们是不可能被风刮走的两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了铁轨如今成了一条条废钢好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了井里满是沙子，而不是水人们惊呆了接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面更多的房屋倒塌了水、电和食物都很难弄到人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久不是所有的希望都破灭了地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机Reading andspeakingOffice ofthe CityGovernmentTangshan,HebeiChinaJuly5,2007Dear,Congratulations!We arepleased totell youthat youhave won the highschool speakingcompetitionabout newTangshan.Your speechwas heardby agroup offive judges,all ofwhomagreed thatit was the bestone thisyear.Your parentsand yourschool shouldbevery proudof you!Next monththecitywill opena newpark tohonour thosewho diedin theterrible disaster.The parkwill alsohonour thosewho helpedthesurvivors.Our officewould liketo haveyouspeak to the parkvistors onJuly28at11:00am.As youknow,this isthe daythe quakehappenedthirty-years ago.We inviteyou tobring yourfamily andfriends onthat specialday.Sincerely,Zhang Sha唐山市政府办公室亲爱的:恭喜你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的你的父母亲和你的学校会为你而骄傲！下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲你知道，三十年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来诚挚的张沙Unit5第五单元纳尔逊•曼德拉------------一位当代英雄，伊莱亚斯的故事ELIAS STORYMy name isElias.I ama poorblack workerin SouthAfrica.The timewhen Ifirst metNelsonMandela wasa verydifficult periodof my life.I wastwelve yearsold.It wasin1952and Mandelawastheblack lawyerto whomI wentfor advice.He offeredguidance topoorblack peopleon theirlegal problems.He wasgenerous withhis time,for whichI wasgrateful.I neededhis helpbecause I had verylittle education.I beganschool atsix.The schoolwhereI studiedfor onlytwo yearswas threekilometers away.I had to leavebecause myfamilycould notcontinue topay theschool feesand thebus fare.I could not reador writewell.After tryinghard,I gota jobin agold mine.However,this wasa timewhen onehadgot tohave apassbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did nothave itbecause I was notbornthere,and Iworried aboutwhether I would becomeout ofwork.The daywhen NelsonMandela helpedme wasone of my happiest.He toldmy howto getthecorrect papersso Icould stayinJohannesburg.I becamemore hopefulabout myfuture.I neverforgot howkind Mandelawas.When heorganized the ANC YouthLeague,I joineditas soonas Icould.He said:“The lastthirty yearshave seenthegreatestnumberoflaws stoppingour rightsandprogress,until todaywe havereached astage wherewe havealmost norights atall.”It wasthe truth.Black peoplecouldnotvote orchoose theirleaders.They couldnot getthejobs theywanted.The parts of townin whichthey hadtolive were decidedby whitepeople.The placesoutsidethetowns where they weresent tolivewerethe poorestpartsofSouthAfrica.No onecould growfood there.In factas NelsonMandela said:”•••we wereput into a positionin whichwe hadeither toaccept we were lessimportant orfightthe government.We choseto attackthe laws.We firstbroke thelaw in a waywhichwas peaceful;when thiswas notallo wed...only thendid wedecide toanswer violencewithviolence.As amatter offact,I donot likeviolence...but in1963I helpedhim blowup somegovernment buildings.It wasvery dangerousbecause ifIwascaught Icould beput inprison.But Iwas happyto helpbecause Iknew it would helpus achieveour dreamofmaking blackand whitepeople equal.我的名字叫伊莱亚斯我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人第一次见到纳尔逊•曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期（当时）我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费我既不太会读，也不怎么会写儿经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业纳尔逊•曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件我对自己的未来又充满了希望我永远也忘记不了他对我的恩情，当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织他说“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段”他说的是真话当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人他们不能做自己想要做的工作他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼事实上，就像拉尔逊•曼德拉所说的“……我们被置于这样一个境地要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争我们选择向法律进攻首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱但是,我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想THE RESTOF ELIAS*STORYYou cannotimagine howthe nameof RobbenIsland madeus afraid.It wasa prisonfromwhich noone escaped.There Ispent thehardest timeofmylife.But whenI got thereNelsom Mandelawas alsothere andhe helpedme.Mr Mandelabegan aschool forthose ofuswho hadlittle learning.He taughtus duringthe lunchbreaks and the eveningswhen weshouldhave beenasleep.We readbooks underour blanketsand usedanything wecouldfind tomake candlesto seethe words.I became a goodstudent.I wantedto studyfor mydegreebut Iwas notallowed todo that.Later,Mr Mandelaallowed the prison guardstojoin us.He saidthey shouldnot bestopped fromstudying for their degrees.They werenotcleverer thanme,but theydid passtheir exams.So Iknwe Icould geta degreetoo.Thatmade mefeel goodabout myself.When Ifinished thefour yearsin prison,I went to finda job.Since Iwas bettereducated,Igot ajob workingin anoffice.However,the policefound outand toldmy bossthat Ihadbeen inprinson forblowing upgovernmentbuildings.So Ilost myjob.Ididnot workagainfor twentyyears untilM rMandela and theANCcame topower in

1994.All thattime mywifeand childrenhadto beg forgood andhelp fromrelatives orfriends.Luckily MrMandelaremembered me and gavemeajob takingtourists aroundmy oldprison onRobbenIslannd.I feltbad thefirst timeI talkedtoagroup.All theterror andfear ofthattime cameback tome.I rememberedthe beatingsand thecruelty ofthe guardsand myfriendswho haddied.I feltIwould not beable todo it,but myfamily encouragedme.Theysaid that the jobandthepay fromthe newSouth Africangovernment weremy rewardafterworking allmylifefor equalrights forthe Blacks.So nowat51I amproud toshow visitorsovertheprison,for Ihelped tomake ourpeople freein theirown land.the waypeople speak.，When peopleuse wordsand expressionsdifferent formstandard languageit iscalled adialect.American Englishhas manydialects,especially themidwestern,southern,AfricanAmerican andSpanish dialects.Even insome partsoftheUSA,two peoplefromneighbouring townsspeak alittle differently.American Englishhas somany dialectsbecausepeople havecome fromall overthe world.Geography alsoplays apart inmaking dialects.Some peoplewho livein the mountains oftheeastern USAspeak withan olderkind ofEnglish dialect.When Americansmoved formoneplace toanother,they tooktheir dialectswith them.So peoplefromthemountains inthesoutheastern USAspeak withalmost thesame dialectas peopleinthenorthwesternUSA.The USAis alarge countryin whichmany differentdialects arespoken.Althoughmany Americansmove alot,they stillrecognize andunderstand eachothers dialects.什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言即使在美国有些地区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言Reading andspeaking读与说1Amy andher Americanfriends arevisiting London.They planto visitAmys auntanddecide togo thereby underground,but cannotfind thenearest undergroundstation.So sheasksdirections andthen tellsher friends.Read thedialogue andcircle thewords thatmeanthe same.1艾米和她的美国朋友正在参观伦敦她们计划去拜访艾米的姑妈，并决定乘地铁去，但是她们找不到最近的地铁站所以她问问了路，然后告诉她的朋友读对话，然后圈出意思相同的词AMY:Excuse me,Mama.Could youtell mewherethenearest subwaysisLADY:Er...the undergroundWell,go roundthe corneron yourleft-hand side,straight onandcross twostreets.If11be onyour right-hand side.AMY:Thanks somuch.FRIENDS:What didshe say,AmyAMY:She toldus togo aroundthe cornerontheleft andkeep goingstraight fortwo blocks.The subwaywill beon ourright.夫米对不起，夫人，你能告诉我去最近的地铁站怎么走吗？边人呃……地铁？哦，往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右多艾谢了朋米艾友艾米，她说什么？米她叫我们往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右边艾【意思相同的词】subway—f underground（地铁）right-hand side--right（右边）street-f block街道，街区第三单元Travel journal沿湄公河而下的旅行JOURNEY DOWNTHE MEKONGPART1THE DREAMAND THEPLAN第一部分梦想与计划Mynameis WangKun.Ever sincemiddle school,my sisterWang Wei and Ihave dreamedabouttaking agreat bike trip.Two yearsago shebought anexpensive mountainbike andthenshe persuadedme tobuy one.Last year,she visitedour cousins,Dao Weiand Yu Hangat theircollege inKunming.They areDai andgrew upin western Yunnan Provincenearthe LancangRiver,the Chinesepart ofthe riverthat iscalled the Mekong Riverin othercountries.Wang Weisoon gotthem interestedin cyclingtoo.After graduatingfromcollege.we finallygotthechance totake abiketrip.I askedmy sister,nWhere are wegoing”It wasmy sisterwho firsthad theidea tocycle alongthe entireMekong Riverfromwhere itbegins towhere itends.Now sheis planningour scheduleforthetrip.I amfond ofmy sisterbut shehas oneserious shortcoming.She canbe reallystubborn.Although shedidnt knowthe bestway ofgetting toplaces,she insistedthat sheorganizethe tripproperly.Now,I knowthattheproper wayis alwaysher way.I keptasking her,nWhen arewe leavingand whenarewecoming backnI askedher whethershe hadlookedat amap yet.Of course,she hadnt;my sisterdoesn*t careabout details.So Itold herthatthe sourceofthe Mekong is in QinghaiProvince.She gavemeadetermined look-the kindthatsaid shewouldnotchange hermind.When Itold herthat ourjourney would begin atanaltitude ofmorethan5,000metres,she seemedto beexcited aboutit.When Itold hertheair wouldbe hardtobreatheand itwouldbevery cold,she saiditwouldbe aninterestingexperience.I knowmy sisterwell.Once shehas madeup hermind,nothing canchange it.Finally,Ihadto givein.Several monthsbefore ourtrip,Wang Weiand Iwenttothe library.We founda largeatlaswith goodmaps thatshowed detailsof worldgeography.From theatlas wecould seethattheMekongRiver beginsinaglacier ona Tibetanmountain.At firstthe riveris smallandthe wateris clearand cold.Then itbegins tomove quickly.It becomesrapids as itpasses throughdeep valleys,travelling acrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimes theriverbecomes awaterfall andenters widevalleys.We wereboth surprisedto learnthat halfofthe riverisinChina.After itleaves Chinaandthehigh altitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brown andwarm.As itenters SoutheastAsia,its paceslows.It makeswide bendsormeanders throughlow valleystotheplains whererice grows.At last,the riverdelta enterstheSouth ChinaSea.沿湄公河而下的旅行第一1部分梦想与计戈I」我的名,U王坤从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一辆去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟一在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流经其他国家后就叫湄公河很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴趣到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作一次骑车旅行的机会我问姐姐“我们要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐现在，她正为这次旅行制订计划我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽美现在我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式我老是问她「我们什么时候动身？什么时候回来？我问她是否已经看过地图当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的于是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省她给了我一个坚定的眼神一这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000多米的的高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难，而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变最后，我只好让步了在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆我们找到了一本大型的地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图我们从图上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动它穿过深谷时就变成了急流流经云南西部有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡谷我们惊奇的发现这条河有一半是在中国境内当流出中国，流出高地后，湄公河就变宽，变暖了河水也变成了黄褐色而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减慢，河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到了长着稻谷的平原最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海Reading anddiscussingPART2A NIGHTIN THEMOUNTAINS第二部分山中一宿Although it was autumn,the snowwas alreadybeginning tofall inTibet.Our legswere soheavyand coldthat theyfelt likeblocks ofice.Have youever seensnowmen ridebicyclesThats whatwe lookedlike!Along theway childrendressed inlong woolcoats stoppedtolook atus.In thelate afternoonwe founditwasso coldthat ourwater bottlesfroze.However,the lakesshone likeglass inthe settingsun andlooked wonderful.WangWei rodein frontof meas usual.She isvery reliableand Iknew Idid*t needto encourageher.To climbthemountainswas hardwork butas welooked aroundus,weweresurprisedby theview.We seemedtobeable to see formiles.At onepoint wewere sohigh thatwefound ourselvescycling throughclouds.Then webegan goingdown thehills.lt wasgreatfun especiallyasitgradually becamemuch warmer.In thevalleys colourfulbutterflies flewaroundus andwe sawmany yaksand sheepeating greengrass.At thispoint we had tochangeour caps,coats,gloves andtrousers forT-shirts andshorts.In theearly eveningwe alwaysstop tomake camp.We putup ourtent andthen weeat.Aftersupper WangWei puther headdown onher pillowand wentto sleepbut Istayed awake.Atmidnight thesky becameclearer andthe starsgrew brighter.It wasso quiet.There wasalmostno wind-only theflames ofour firefor company.As Ilay beneaththe starsI thoughtabouthow farwehadalready travelled.We willreach Daliin YunnanProvince soon,where ourcousins DaoWeiandYuHangwilljoin us.We canhardly waittoseethem!虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块你看到过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像那样一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到耗牛和羊群在吃草这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，（于是），我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了（夜晚）非常安静一一几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远我们很快就要到达云南的大理在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！。