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英语教材•单元主题语境专题训练医疗知识…模拟篇（解析版）届河北省石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测
（一）】[2022（瘫痪）.When someonedamages theirbackbone,the injurycan leavethem paralyzedNow,scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again,thanks toan implanteddevice.The humanbackbone,or spine,doesnt justhelp usstand up straight.Inside isthe spinal cord,whichcarries importantinformation between the headand thelower partof the body.This informationmovesaround as bursts ofelectricity travelingbetween thebrain and the otherparts of the body.When the spinalcord is hurt,this pathwaygets damaged and they cant move their legs.Now scientistsin Switzerlandhavegiven threeparalyzed menthe abilityto walk again.To helpthemwalk again,the menhad surgery.A specialdevice wasplaced directlyon thelower partof theirspinalcord,below theirinjury.This“implant“contained sixteenelectrodes,which aresmall objectsthatelectricity canpass through.The researchersmade surethe electrodeswere linedup withnerves thatcontrolthe legmuscles.The scientistscontrolled theimplants from a tabletcomputer.The patientsbrains arentsending“walking“messages to their legs.Instead,the tablettells theimplant to send the walking messages.The researchersused computersto generatepatterns ofmovement,like takinga step.The patientthen uses the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles move in thechosenway.Over time,the menwere able to walkusing aspecial walkerwith buttonsto controleach leg.The solutionisnt perfect.Ifs veryexpensive,it requiresdifficult surgery,and thepatients cantwalkwithout thesystem.But thescientists arehopeful thatin thefuture,this sortof technologywill
1.Whats themain functionof the spinal cordA.It servesas amessage carrier.B.It helpspeople standupstraight.C.It takescontrol of the muscles.D.It producessignals formovements.
2.What isthe implanteddevice expectedto doA.Activate the damaged nerves.B.Identify theposition of the injury.C.Test thedegree of thedamage.D.Bridge thenerve gapmade by the injury
3.What isParagraph4mainly aboutA.How thesurgery isperformed.B.How the device workson patients.C.How thepatients walkwithout aid.D.How movementpatterns aredesigned.
4.Which can be the best titleof the textallow many paralyzed people to begin towalk again in just hours.A.Damaged nervesrecover aftersurgery.B.Tablets areused in a medicaltreatment.C.Implant helpsthe paralyzedwalk again.D.Scientists madea discoveryon backbones.【参考答案】l.A
2.D
3.B
4.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力【解析】细节理解题根据第二段
1.A“Inside isthespinalcord,which carriesimportant diseases.Living with a diseasewithout aname canbe its own kindof suffering.You growup feelinglike,Im inthis,crazy,all bymyself and no one really understandsme Jsays AngelaMoon,a UDNparticipant.For patientslike her,the UDNoffers hopefor treatment,but alsofor finally being seen.
1.The purposeofthe firstparagraph is to.A.arouse thereaders,interest in the UDNB.give avivid descriptionof rarediseasesC.introduce thebackground for the UDNsfoundingD.raise acomplicated problemthat willbe solvedlater
2.The thirdparagraph mainlytalks about.A.the waythe UDN is operatednationwideB.the progressthe UDN has madeso farC.the reasonswhy the UDNisso popularD.the developmentstages the UDNhasgone through
3.What canbe learnedabout AngelaMoonA.She usedto live in despair.B.She failedto identifywith others.C.She isreceiving treatmentnow.D.There willbe acure forher condition.
4.What canbe inferredabout the UDNs workmodelA.It has helped spreadthe knowledgeof undiagnoseddiseases.B.It prioritizesparticipants privacyover solvingmedical mysteries.C.It isspecifically designedto deal with challenginggenetic diseases.D.It emphasizesclose cooperationbetween specialistsin separatefields.【参考答案】l.C
2.B
3.A
4.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了未诊断疾病网络（UDN）的成立背景和它取得的进展【解析】推理判断题根据第一段内容
1.C“Elizabeth wouldntwalk ortalk asan infant.Angelas leftleg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand.Emma neededa breathingmachine justto sleep.Their sufferingmay take different forms,but theirstories sharea common thread:Neither theynor theirfamilies knew（伊丽莎白小时候不会走路或说话安吉拉的左腿太大了what was actually causingthese issues.以至于站着很疼艾玛需要一台呼吸机才能入睡他们的痛苦可能有不同的形式，但他们的故事有一个共同点:他们和他们的家人都不知道导致这些问题的真正原因）和第二段关键句（）（这些病例Those casesare preciselywhere the Undiagnosed DiseasesNetwork UDNsteps in.”正是未诊断疾病网络（UDN）介入的地方）可知，文章第一段内容主要介绍了一些医生未能诊断病因的病例，而的成立，正是为了确诊这些未能诊断病因的病例，由此可推断出，UDN第一段的目的是介绍成立的背景故选项UDN C【解析】主旨大意题根据第三段关键句
2.B Today,the UDNcovers12clinical sitesaround thecountry,and hasevaluated over1,400patients.More than400of thosepatients havereceived adiagnosis（如今，覆盖了全国个临床站点，评估了多名患者多亏了thanks to the UDNUDN121400UDN,其中多名患者得至了诊断）和400lj“The programhas addedat least25entirely newdiseases inthis（该项目以这种方式增加了至少种全新的疾病）可知，文章第三段内容主要介绍了way.25到目前为止所取得的进展，它评估了多名患者，其中多名患者得到了诊断，帮UDN1400400助医学领域确诊了种全新的疾病，由此可知，第三段主要讲的是迄今为止取得的进展25UDN故选项B【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段内容
3.A“Living witha diseasewithout aname canbe its own kindofsuffering.U€You growup feelinglike,Im inthis,crazy,all bymyself,and noonereallyunderstandsme Jsays AngelaMoon,a UDNparticipant.For patientslike her,theUDNoffers hopefor treatment,but（与一种没有名字的疾病生活在一起可能是一种痛苦的参与also fbrfinallybeingseen.^^UDN者安吉拉・穆恩说“你在成长过程中会觉得，我身患这种疾病，感觉是疯狂的，全靠自己面对，没有人真正理解我”对于像她这样的患者，为治疗提供了希望，也为疾病最终被发现提UDN供了希望）可知，对安吉拉・穆恩来说，因为疾病，她过去生活在绝望之中，没有人真正理解她，全靠她自己面对疾病，由此可推断出，关于安吉拉・穆恩，我们可以了解到她过去生活在绝望中故选项A【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段关键句
4.D She says theUDN\multidisciplinaryapproach-bringing differentspecialists togetherto talkabout challengingcases-hashelpedadvance thefieldof raredisease research,especially whenit comesto geneticdiseases/9（她说，UDN的多学科方法将不同的专家聚集在一起讨论具有挑战性的病例，这有助于推动罕见疾病研究领域的发展，尤其是在遗传疾病方面）可知，的工作模式是多学科方法，它将不同领域的专家聚集在UDN一起讨论具有挑战性的病例，由此可知，的工作模式强调不同领域的专家之间的密切合作UDN故选项D【长沙市第一中学学年高三年级月考试卷六，2021-2022C]Earlier thisweek,I watchedsome onlinevideos thatwere bothsickening andinspiring.Theyshowed ateam ofsurgeons conductingcolorectal,cardiac andneurological procedures-scalpels,bloodand all.But instead of crowdingaround thepatient inan operating theatre,as shownin TVshows suchasER,the surgeonswere scattered:some werebeside thepatient;others weremany milesaway,guiding（）their colleagues witha virtual hand,thanks toaugmented reality.Call this,if youlike,Zoom forsurgeons-insteadofconducting anoffice meetingvia video,they areinserting a scalpel into a brain.Or asNaine Hachach-Haram,a plasticsurgeon in the UKsNIS and thefounder ofProximie,the platformI watched,says,The ideais tobring virtual healthcare workerstogether-we aredigesting theoperating theatreand bringingit topeople around the world.”Welcome toanother unexpectedstory arisingfrom Covid-
19.Hachach-Haram firstproposed theideaof doingvirtual surgerya decadeago.Like manydoctors in the west,she didvolunteer medicalwork in war-torn regionsof the world andbecame frustrated bythe lack of access tosurgeons there.Tocorrect this,in2016she foundedProximie asa trainingtool.However,in thoseearly days,she saidshefaced anuphill battlepersuading otherdoctors toembrace the idea:most hadbeen trainedto believethatproper surgeryinvolved proximityto thepatient”.The roadblock“wasacultural issueas muchas anissueof technology，she tellsme.This reflectsa biggerpattern thathas benefitedmany telemedicinestart-ups.Covid-19caused arapid increase in virtualhealthcare use Jsays arecent reportfrom consultancy McKinsey,who predictsthis level of growth will decline when lockdown ends,but saystelemedicine“is expectedto stabilizeathigher than pre-pandemic levelsand continuegrowing”.To putit another way now that the culturalresistance tovirtual medicinehas beenbroken down,we areunlikely toforget thislesson.Zoomsurgery“is likelyto remaina featureof modemmedicine.】This mightjust be a luckyaccident.Or maybenot:a similapattern hasplayed outin pocketsoffinance too.In2007,a telecomscompany inKenya launchedM-Pesa,a mobilepayment system,to getaround thelack of established banking infrastructure in Africa.The concept,which wasembraced inKenya,faced culturalresistance in the Westbut wouldcome tobe eventually adopted later.Whenhistorians lookback at the Covid-19era,they maynot justconclude thatit changedhow wework butthatit alsoaccelerated themovement ofskills,ideas andmoney.Those videosof“Zoom Surgery“are onetinysymbol of a newtype ofglobalization.
1.When conductinga“Zoom surgery“doctors.A.gather around the patientB.hold anonline meetingbeforehandC.workin different locationsat the same timeD.do theoperation with the assistanceof robots
2.What canwe knowabout ProximieA.The onlychallenge itfaced was the culturalresistance fromdoctors.B.It originated fromatraditional idea.C.Travel bansduring theCovid-19lockdowns blockedits development.D.It is a platformfor sharingexpertise andconducting onlineprocedures.
3.What does the underlinedphrase“a similar pattern“refer toA.Western peopleare resistantto change.B.Smart ideaswere usuallyinitiated in the west.C.People inless developedregions needmore help.D.A newidea was first developedin poorerregions.
4.Which canbeasuitable title for the textA.The riseof virtualsurgery B.Globalized augmentedrealityC.Medical careafter thepandemic D.Telemedicine changedhow wework【参考答案】l.C
2.D
3.D
4.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了“虚拟手术”的发展情况，介绍了其概念、发展以及优势【解析】细节理解题根据第一段中
1..C“But insteadof crowdingaroundthepatient inan operatingtheatre,as shownin TVshows suchas ER,the surgeonswere scattered:some werebeside thepatient;（）others weremany milesaway,guiding theircolleagueswithavirtualhand,thanks toaugmented.（但是，外科医生们并没有像《急诊室的故事》这样在手术室里簇拥着病人，而是分散reality在病人身边；还有一些人在千里之外，借助增强现实技术，用一只（虚拟的）手指导他们的同事），，可知，当进行手术时，医生在不同的地点同时工作故选项Zoom C【解析】推理判断题根据第二段中
2.D“Or asNaine Hachach-Haram,a plasticsurgeon in the UKsNISand thefounder ofProximie,the platformI watched,says,“The ideaistobring virtualhealthcare（或workers together-we aredigesting theoperatingtheatreand bringingit topeople aroundthe world.者，正如英国国家的整形外科医生、（我所看的平台）的创始人奈恩哈奇-哈拉NIS Proximie♦姆所说“我们的想法是将虚拟医疗工作者聚集在一起——我们正在打破手术室的界限，让全世界的人们都参与进来”广可推知，是一个分享专业知识和进行线上手术的平台Proximie故选项D【解析】词句猜测题根据最后一段中
3.D“In2007,a telecomscompany inKenya launchedM-Pesa,a mobilepayment system,to getaroundthelackofestablishedbankinginfrastructureinAfrica.Theconcept,which wasembraced inKenya,faced culturalresistance in the Westbut wouldcome tobe（年，肯尼亚的一家电信公司推出了移动支付系统以解决eventuallyadoptedlater.2007M-Pesa,非洲缺乏成熟银行基础设施的问题这个概念在肯尼亚被接受，但在西方遭到了文化抵制，但最终还是被采纳了户可知，、代指的就是指所提到的新想法最先在贫穷落后地区similarpattern”发展起来，然后才传到西方故画线词指的是“一种新的想法首先在较贫穷的地区发展起来”故选项D【解析】主旨大意题根据第二段中一
4.A Callthis,if youlike,Zoom forsurgeons insteadof（如果你愿意，可以conducting anoffice meetingvia video,they areinsertingascalpelintoabrain.称之为外科医生的“进步”——他们不是通过视频进行办公室会议，而是将手术刀插入大脑）以及倒数第二段Covid-19caused arapidincreaseinvirtualhealthcareuse/9says arecent reportfromconsultancyMcKinsey,who predictsthislevelofgrowthwilldeclinewhenlockdownends,butsays telemedicineis expectedto stabilizeat higherthanpre-pandemic levelsand continuegrowing”.Toput itanotherwaynowthattheculturalresistance tovirtual medicinehas beenbroken down,we are.（咨询unlikely toforget thislesson.Zoom surgery^^is likelyto remaina featureof modernmedicine公司麦肯锡最近的一份报告称导致虚拟医疗使用迅速增加”麦肯锡预计，封锁结“Covid-19束后，这一增长水平将下降，但远程医疗“预计将稳定在高于大流行前的水平，并继续增长:换句话说，既然对虚拟医学的文化抵制已经被打破，我们不太可能忘记这一教训“变焦手术”可能仍将是现代医学的一个特征厂结合文章主要介绍了如今“虚拟手术”的发展情况，介绍了其概念、发展以及优势，可知，选项“虚拟手术的兴起”最符合文章标题故选项A A（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体卜部之information betweenthe headand thelower partof thebody.间传递重要信息”可知，脊髓的主要功能是传递重要信息，是一个信息载体故选项A【解析】推理判断题根据第二段
2.D“Inside isthespinalcord,which carriesimportant informationbetweenthe headand thelower partof thebody.This informationmoves aroundasburstsof electricitytravelingbetweenthebrain and the otherparts of thebody.When thespinalcordishurt,this pathwaygets（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息damagedand theycantmovetheirlegs.这些信息作为电流在大脑和身体其他部位之间传播当脊髓受伤时，这条通路就会受损，他们的腿就不能动了）”以及第三段“The researchersmade surethe electrodeswere linedup withnerves（研究人员确that controlthe legmuscles.The scientistscontrolled theimplants froma tabletcomputer.保电极与控制腿部肌肉的神经对齐科学家们通过平板电脑控制植入物）”可知，脊髓受伤时，神经流受损导致他们的腿不能动，所以科学家植入特殊装置的预期用途是弥合受伤造成的神经间隙故选项D【解析】主旨大意题根据第四段
3.B Instead,the tablettells theimplanttosendthewalkingmessages.The researchersused computersto generatepatterns ofmovement,like takinga step.The patientthen（相反,平板电脑让植入usesthetablettochoosethepatternandthemusclesmoveinthe chosenway.物发送行走信息研究人员使用计算机生成运动模式，比如迈出一步然后，患者使用平板电脑选择模式，肌肉以选定的方式运动”可知，本段主要介绍了该设备如何在患者身上工作故选项B【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段
4.C“Now,scientists havegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilityto（现在，由于植入了一种设备，科学家们已经让三名瘫walkagain,thanks toan implanteddevice.痪男子恢复了行走的能力）”以及最后一段“But thescientists arehopeful thatinthefuture,this sort（但科学家们希of technologywill allowmanyparalyzedpeopletobegintowalkagaininjusthours.望，在未来，这种技术将允许许多瘫痪的人在短短几个小时内重新开始行走”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力，所以“植入物帮助瘫患者再次行走”可以作为文章标题故选项C【届辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联合体高三下学期第一次模拟】2022Myopia,or nearsightedness,is acommon eyecondition inwhich youcan seeobjects nearto youclearly,but objectsfarther awayare blurry.To seethe fartherclearly,you havethe optionof wearing（屈光手术）.eyeglasses,or undergoingthe moreinvasive refractivesurgeryBut JapansKubota PharmaceuticalHoldings claimsto havedeveloped smart glasses that,if wornjust an hour per day,can curemyopia.It projectsan imageonto thewearers9retina（视网月英）to correcttherefractive errorthat causesnearsightedness.Obviously,wearing the device60to90minutes adaycorrects myopia.So howdoes thetechnology developedby Kubotawork exactlyWell,according toa companypressrelease fromDecember of last year,the specialglasses relyon micro-LEDS toproject virtualimageson thevisual fieldto makethe retinaactive.Apparently,it cando thatwithout affectingthewearer9s dailyactivities.Founded byDr.Ryo Kubota,Kubota PharmaceuticalHoldings isstill testing the device,known asKubotaGlasses,and tryingto determinehow longthe effectlasts afterthe userwears thedevice.Andhow muchthe ugly-looking glasseshave tobe wornfor thecorrection tobe permanent.Kubota PharmaceuticalHoldings begantestingtheglasses inthe summeroflastyear,and iscurrentlyconducting testson about25people intheU.S toassess theeffectiveness ofits smart glasses.The companyplans tobegin sellingthedevicein Asiainthesecond half of2021,where thereare morenearsighted people,but it has plans to enterother marketsinthefuture.
1.What doesthe underlinedword“blurry“mean inthe firstparagraphA.Familiar B.Different C.Impressive D.Unclear
2.What doesthe thirdparagraph mainlytalk aboutA.The effectof wearing the smartglasses.B.The disadvantagesof the smartglasses.C.The workingprinciple ofthesmartglasses.D.The correctway ofwearingthesmartglasses.
3.Why doesthe companydecide tosell theglasses firstin AsiaA.It wantsto servethe Asiansbetter.B.These glassesare moresuitable forAsians.C.Scientific developmentis slowerin Asia.D.There ismore marketdemand in Asia.
4.What isthe purposeof writingthe textA.To solvea problem.B.To introducea newproduct.C.Too presenta researchresult.D.To givepractical advice.【参考答案】l.D
2.C
3.D
4.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一款可以治愈近视的智能眼镜【解析】词句猜测题根据第一段的
1.D Myopia,or nearsightedness,isacommon eyecondition in（近视是一种常见which youcan seeobjects nearto youclearly,but objectsfarther awayare blurry.的眼部疾病，在这种情况下，你可以清楚地看到你附近的物体，但远处的物体是）”中表blurry示转折意义的可知，的意思和相反，即意为“模糊的，不清楚的故选but blurryclearly blurryD项【解析】主旨大意题根据第三段的主要内容，尤其首句
2.C“So howdoesthetechnology developed（那么，久保田开发的技术究竟是如何工作的呢？）”可知，本段主要by Kubotawork exactly介绍智能眼镜的工作原理故选项C【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段的
3.D“The companyplanstobegin sellingthedeviceinAsiainthe secondhalfof2021,where thereare morenearsightedpeople,but it has plansto enterother markets（该公司计划在下半年开始在亚洲销售该设备，那里有更多的人近视，但它计inthefuture.2021划在未来进入其他市场）”可知，该公司首先选择在亚洲进行销售是因为那里近视的人更多，即市场需求更大故选项D【解析】推理判断题根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的
4.B“But JapansKubota Pharmaceutical（但Holdings claimsto havedeveloped smartglasses that,if wornjustanhourperday,cancuremyopia.日本久保田制药控股公司声称已经开发出智能眼镜，如果每天只戴一小时，就可以治愈近视）”可知，本文主要介绍了一款可以治愈近视的智能眼镜故选项B届河北省九师联盟高三下学期月质量检测联考】[20223Nowadays,we arevery worriedabout suchCOVID-19variants asDelta andOmicron.To relieveouranxieties,we shouldhave alook atour owncell andthe originalCOVID-19virus.First ofall,our cellisnt stupid.If anyvirus wantsto enterour cell,it mustfigure out a wayfor its（触手）spike tohold tightly to thespike on the cellssurface.You canimagine thisconnecting asa secrethandshake.At theearly stage,the COVID-19virus figuredouta way to connect toa specificspike on thesurface of human cell,called ACE
2.But theconnecting wasntperfect.However,it wasgood enoughtotrick theACE2to letit in.Once the virus wasinside the cell,it keptcopying itselfin orderto findmore cellsto infect.During（免疫）this time,the immune system startedmaking antibodiesto fightback.Some of those antibodiesactedlike littlecaps thatstick to the endsofthe viruss spike.Once capped”,the infectioncouldnt moveforward,andthebody won!But every time the virus copies itself inside a cell,ithasthe chanceof changingits spikesslightly.Most ofthe variationsare actuallyharmful to thevirus.So thesevariants disappear.However,once thevirus hits upon a set of variations that actually help thevirus toconnect more tightlyto thecell or morequickly,a personscell getsinfected moreeasily.Then whatabout the antibodies Arentthey comingto saveus againWell,yes...andno.Scientists foundthat aperson whowas infectedwith theearlier versionofthevirus maynot beprotectedas wellagainst thesenew variants.He stillcanbeinfected,again.However,the antibodies,spikes comeindifferentshapes,too.So even though some antibodies become less useful,others willgetthe job done-or atleast,hold backthe infectionlong enoughso thebody canmake newantibodies thatfitperfectly onthe changed spike.
1.What doesthe underlinedword itin paragraph2refer toA.The virus.B.The cell.C.The spike.D.The connection.
2.What isthe fifthparagraph mainlyaboutA.How avirus entersthe humancell.B.How avirus copiesitself insidea cell.C.Why theimmunesystemcan fightback.D.Why virusvariants havedifferent infectionrates.
3.What canbe learnedfrom thetextA.COVID-19variants willbecome moreand moreinfectious.B.It isunlikely forCOVID-19patients toget infectedagain.C.Old antibodiesmight beless effectiveagainst newvariants.D.It ishopeless toget ridofthe COVID-19inthenear future.
4.What isthe besttitle forthetextA.Worries About the COVID-19VariantsB.A SimpleGuide toCOVID-19VariantsC.The DangeroftheDeadly COVID-19VirusD.Ways toProtect OurselvesFrom COVTD-19Virus【参考答案】l.A
2.D
3.C
4.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了正在全球肆虐的新冠病毒产生变体的原因及其可能带来的挑战【解析】词句猜测题根据划线词所在句子
1.A“If anyvirus wantsto enterour cell,it mustfigure out（触手）（任何病毒要想进入我们awayfor itsspike tohold tightlyto thespike onthe celfssurface.的细胞，它得设法把自己的触手紧紧地联结到细胞表面的触手上）“可知，指代的是上文中it所提到的“病毒”故选项virus A【解析】主旨大意题根据第五段第一句
2.D Buteverytimetheviruscopiesitselfinsideacell,ithas（但每次病毒在细胞内自我复制时，它都有可能轻微改变the chanceof changingits spikesslightly.其触手）及最后一句However,once thevirushitsupon asetofvariationsthatactuallyhelpthevirus（然而，一toconnectmoretightlyto thecellormore quickly,a personscell getsinfected moreeasily.旦病毒碰到一系列变异，这些变异实际上可以帮助病毒与细胞更紧密或更快地连接，人的细胞就更容易被感染广可知，本段主要是在解释不同的病毒变体为什么具有不同的传播能力故选项D【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段最后一句
3.C Soeventhoughsomeantibodiesbecomelessuseful,others willget the jobdone-or atleast,hold backthe infectionlong enoughso thebody canmake new（因止匕，即使——些抗体变得不见么有用，其antibodies thatfit perfectlyonthechangedspike.R他抗体也会完成任务，或者至少将感染抑制足够长的时间，以便身体能够制造出新的抗体，完美地适应改变后的触手户可知，旧抗体对新病毒变体的作用可能会减弱故选项C【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段第二句
4.B Torelieve ouranxieties,we shouldhave alook atour own（为了缓解我们的焦虑，我们应该看看自己的细胞和原始的cell andthe originalCOVID-19virus.病毒）”及后文对病毒变体的介绍可知，本文主要是简单介绍了新冠病毒C0VID-19C0VID-19产生的变体因此（变体的简明介绍厂适合作“A SimpleGuide toCOVID-19Variants COVID-19为本文标题故选项B【江苏省镇江市、南通市（通州区、启东市）2021〜2022学年高三上学期期末质量监测，C]Combining knowledgeof chemistry,physics,biology,and engineering,scientists fromMcGillUniversity developa biomaterialtough enoughto repair the heart,muscles,and vocal cords,representinga majoradvance inmedicine.“People recoveringfrom heartdamage oftenface along andtricky journey.Healing ischallenging（承受）because ofthe constantmovement tissuesmust withstandastheheart beats.The sameis trueforvocal cords.Until nowthere wasno injectable（可注射的）material strongenough forthejob,n saysGuangyu Bao,a PhDcandidate inthe Departmentof MechanicalEngineering atMcGill University.The team,led byProfessor Luc Mongeau andAssistant ProfessorJianyu Li,developed anew（水凝胶）injectable hydrogel for wound repair,which isa typeof biomaterialthat providesroom forcellsto liveand grow.Once injectedinto thebody,the biomaterialforms astable structureallowing livecellsto growor passthrough torepairtheinjured organs.“The resultsare promising,and wehope thatone daythe new hydrogel willbe usedto restorethevoice ofpeople withdamaged vocalcords,n saysGuangyu Bao.The scientiststested thedurability oftheir hydrogelinamachine theydeveloped tocopy the（振动）extreme biomechanicsofhumanvocalcords.Vibrating at120times asecond forover6millioncycles,the newbiomaterial remainedundamaged whileother standardhydrogels brokeninto pieces,unable todealwith the stressoftheload.“We wereincredibly excitedto seeit workedperfectly in our test.Before ourwork,no injectablehydrogelspossessed bothhigh porosityand toughnessatthesame time.To solvethis issue,we（酉己方）introduced apore-forming polymerto ourformula JsaysGuangyuBao.The innovationopens newways ofmaking progressfor otherapplications liketissue engineering.The teamis also looking touse thehydrogel technologyto createlungs totest COVTD-19drugs.
1.Why didthe researchersdevelop thenew biomaterialA.To experiencea journey.B.To repairwound.C.To representan advance.D.To replaceorgans.
2.What isunique ofthe biomaterialcompared toother materialsA.It isheavier.B.It ismore breakable.C.It ischangeable.D.It ismore injectable.
3.What mightthe researchersdo nextabout thebiomaterialA.Make artificialorgans fordrug test.B.Try hard to increaseits toughness.C.Apply itto thecure ofCOVID-
19.D.Adjust theirformula toimprove it.
4.What theauthors purposeof writingthis passageA.To showhis respecttotheresearchers.B.To stressthe importanceof innovation.C.To promotethe salesofanewhydrogel.D.To introducea newly-developed material.【参考答案】l.B
2.D
3.A
4.D【语篇解读】本文是说明文文章主要向读者介绍一种新研发的可注射的材料来治疗伤口
1.【解析】细节理解题根据第三段B“The team,led byProfessor Luc Mongeau andAssistant Professor（水凝胶）（由教授Jianyu Li,developed anew injectablehydrogel for wound repair,Luc Mongeau和助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶）可知，研发Jianyu Li这种新的生物材料是为了修复伤口故选项B【解析】推理判断题根据第三段
2.D“The team,led byProfessor LucMongeau andAssistant ProfessorJianyu Li,developed anew injectablehydrogel（水凝胶）forwoundrepair/9（由LucMongeau教授和助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶）可知，这种Jianyu Li新的生物材料是可注射的故选项D［解析］细节理解题根据最后——段
3.A“The teamis alsolooking touse thehydrogel technology（这个团队也正在指望用这种水凝胶技术去创造肺来测试to createlungs totest COVID-19drugs.新冠药物）可知，团队接下来要制作人工肺来测试新冠药物故选项A【解析】推理判断题根据第三段
4.D“The team,led byProfessor LucMongeau andAssistant Professor（水凝胶）（由教授Jianyu Li,developed anew injectablehydrogelforwoundrepair,LucMongeau和助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶）可知，这篇JianyuLi文章是为了向读者介绍一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶故选项D【武汉市武昌区学年高三上学期月质量检测，］2021-20221CDo youwant tolevel upyour mask-wearing whilealsolookinglike youreabout tobattle withBatmanThis islife-wearing RazerZephyr,a wearableair purifier.A versionof Razerslatest appliancemadewaves inJanuary duringthe ConsumerElectronics Show.Its nosurprise thattech companiesare consideringa leapbeyond thecloth andsurgical masksthathave cometo definetheCOVID-19pandemic.It hasa hardshell withtwo beltsto fitonto yourhead.（月空）There aretwo airexchange chambersonthefront,featuring doublecirculating fansto help（过滤器）circulate cool air.The chambersfeature N95filters providingtwo-way protectionfor yourself（透明的）and thosearound you.Ifs also transparent with inside lights and an anti-fog coatingto helpsolveone ofthe keyissues withmask-wearing:watching mouthsmove whenyou speak.Good asthe maskappears,will itprotect youfrom COVID-19According toRazer,the maskisregistered withthe Foodand DrugAdministration andlab testedfor99%BFE,or BacterialFiltrationEfficiency,a measureofhow wellit filtersout bacteria.C6It isnot testedspecifically againsttheCOVID-19virus,but offersthesamefunctionality andadequate protectiondue toits99%BFE rating/1Razer9s websitesays.Theres alsothe financialcost toconsider.The maskitself is$99,and Razersells apack of10sets ofN95filters for$
30.By comparison,a quicksearch forsurgical maskson Amazonturned upa boxof50masks forbetween$11-$
14.Ive triedoutthe$99Zephyr forroughly aweek now.Wearing the Zephyr feelscomfortable.The（带）adjustable head straps allowfortheideal fit.Above all,it feelsbreathable thankstotheaircirculating throughits fans.^one commentedon Amazon.
1.Why istheZephyrmade transparentA.To fixlights inside.B.To circulatecoolair.C.To testtheanti-fog coating.D.To exposemouth movement.
2.What canbe infen*edfromthe thirdparagraph aboutthe ZephyrA・Its officiallyapproved.B・Its highlyratedbyconsumers.C・Its speciallydesigned againstcovid-
19.D.Its adequatelyprotective againstall viruses.（）
3.What probablyappeal stothebuyer mostaccording tothe commentA.Its adjustablefans.B.Its air circulating system.C.Its comfortableheadstraps.D.Its highbut reasonableprice.
4.What isthebesttitleforthe passageA.An InnovativeMask Makesa HitB.Surgical MasksAre BeingImprovedC.Wearable TechnologyChanges OurLifeD.A NewTreatment forCovid-19Is onthe Way【参考答案】l.D
2.A
3.B
4.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型口罩，它是透明的、可以净化空气并且具有防护功能【解析】细节理解题根据第二段
1.D Itsalsotransparentwithinsidelightsandananti-fog coatingtohelp solveone ofthe keyissues withmask-wearing:watching mouthsmove whenyouspeak.（它还具有透明的内部灯光和防雾涂层，有助于解决戴口罩的一个关键问题说话时看着嘴巴移动）可知,被制作成为透明的是因为这样可以在说话时看到嘴巴的动作故选项Zephyr D［解析］推理判断题根据第三段
2.A“According toRazer,the maskis registeredwiththeFood andDrugAdministration”（Razer称，该口罩已在美国食品药物管理局注册）可知，Zephyr是官方批准的故选项A【解析】细节理解题根据第五段
3.B“Above all,it feelsbreathable thankstotheaircirculatingthrough（最重要的是，由于风扇中的空气流通，它感觉透气）可知，最可能吸引买家的是它its fans.的空气循环系统故选项B【解析】主旨大意题通读全文，文章主要介绍了这种新型的口罩，它所具
4.A RazerZephyr有的优点以及人们使用之后做出好的评价，所以“创新的口罩大受欢迎”可以作为文章标题故选项A【广东省肇庆市学年高三上学期第二次模拟，2021-2022D]The stomachis anextremely strongorgan,full ofacid tobreak downeach meal.In orderto prevent（胃黏膜）this acidfrom burninga holeinour stomachs anddamaging otherorgans,ourstomach liningis speciallyadapted tocontain theacid safely.（幽门螺旋杆菌）
1.pylori areable tolive inthe stomachby livinginthe lining,safe fromharshstomach acid.These bacteriaare actuallypretty commonin people,approximately athird of Australianshave H.pylori intheir bodies,but notall havesymptoms.The bacteriacan eventuallycreate infectionin stomach lining,a conditionknown asgastritis,bywearing awaythe liningand allowingstomach acidto burnaway stomach tissue,causing painfululcers.Up untilthe1980s,it wasthought that bacteria couldnot survive in stomach acid.The causeofstomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices:stress,smoking,spicy foods;the stomach acid wasbreakingthrough thelining on itsown.This beliefwasfirstquestioned in1979by RobinWarren,an Australianpathologist,who foundbacteria onamicroscope slidecontaining the stomachliningofapatient withgastritis.In theyears thatfollowedWarren continuedhis research.Warren thenteamed upwith Barry Marshall in1981andthetwo continuedwiththeresearch,tryingto separatethe mysterybacteria andfind acure.Over thenext threeyears,they testedtheir theorieswithsome positiveresults;however,theideathatbacteria could bethe causeof gastritiswas notwidelyaccepted oreven acknowledged.Finally,fed upwith beingignored andconfident inhis findings,Bary Marshalldecided totest onhimself.He infectedhimself withH.pylori andsoon developedgastritis and terrible stomachulcers.Marshall thenbegan tocure himselfby takinga doseof antibiotics.This onceand forall provednot onlythatbacteria couldgrow instomachacid,but itcould alsocause gastritisand stomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfully acknowledgedWarren andMarshalPs hugecontribution toscience andmedicineandthetwo wereawarded theNobel prizein Medicinein2005,twenty-six yearsafter RobinWarrenfirst beganhis research.
2.We canlearn fromthetextthat H.pylori area kindof.A.organs B.infections C.bacteria D.symptoms
3.Which ofthe followingwas NOTpeoples initialbeliefs aboutgastritisA.Lifestyle choicescaused stomachulcers.B.Stomach acidcould breakthrough thelining onitsown.C.Bacteria couldntsurviveinthe stomach.D.Some bacteriacan createinfection byburning awaystomachtissue.
4.How didBarryMarshallprove thatH.pylori causedgastritisA.Choosing unhealthylifestyles.B.Introducing H.pylori tohis ownstomach.C.Finding thebacteriaonstomachlining.D.Growing H.pylori inthe lab.
5.The textis mostlikely writtento.A.chemists B.patients C.researchers D.the generalpublic【参考答案】
1.C
2.D
3.B
4.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论【解析】细节理解题根据第二段
1.C“H.pylori areable toliveinthe stomachby livinginthelining,safe fromharsh stomachacid.These bacteriaare actuallypretty commonin people,approximately athird.（幽门螺旋杆菌能够通过生ofAustralianshave H.pylori intheir bodies,but notall havesymptoms活在胃的内壁而在胃中生存，不受胃酸的伤害这些细菌在人体内很常见，大约三分之一的澳大利亚人体内有幽门螺旋杆菌，但并不是所有人都有症状广可知，幽门螺旋杆菌是一种细菌故选项C【解析】细节理解题根据第四段
2.D“Up untilthe1980s,it wasthought thatbacteriacouldnot surviveinstomachacid.The causeof stomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicy foods;（直至世名己年代，人们还认为thestomachacid wasbreaking throughtheliningonitsown.2080细菌不能在胃酸中生存胃溃疡的原因是生活方式的选择压力、吸烟、辛辣食物；胃酸会自己冲破肠壁户可知，选项“一些细菌可以通过燃烧胃组织产生感染”不是人们最初对胃炎D的看法故选项D【解析】细节理解题根据倒数第二段中汕
3.B“Finally,fed upw beingignored andconfident inhisfindings,Bary Marshalldecided totest onhimself.He infectedhimself withH.pylori andsoondeveloped gastritisandterriblestomachulcers.（最后，巴里・马歇尔受够了被忽视，对自己的发现充满信心，决定在自己身上进行测试他感染了幽门螺旋杆菌，很快患上了胃炎和严重的胃溃疡）“可知，巴里・马歇尔通过将幽门螺旋杆菌引入到自己的胃中来证明是幽门螺旋杆菌引起胃炎的故选项B【解析】推理判断题根据文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽
4.D门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论属于科普文章，故可推知，文章很可能是写给普通大众的故选项D【重庆市名校联盟学年高三下学期第一次联考，2021-2022C]Elizabeth wouldntwalk ortalk asan infant.Angelas leftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emma neededa breathingmachine justto sleep.Their sufferingmaytakedifferentforms,but theirstoriesshare acommonthread:Neither theynor theirfamilies knewwhat wasactually causingthese issues.（）Those casesare preciselywhere theUndiagnosed DiseasesNetwork UDNsteps in.Establishedin2008,the UDNsmission isto provideanswers fbrpatients withdiseases thatdoctors areunable todiagnose.Anyone canapply tothe programandtheUDN workshardtoscreen everyapplication itreceives.Today,theUDNcovers12clinical sitesaroundthecountry,and hasevaluated over1,400patients.More than400ofthosepatients havereceived adiagnosis thankstotheUDN.In someof thesecases,thenetwork isabletomatch apatient withan alreadyknown condition.In others,UDN researchersmustwork todescribe anentirely newdisease andenter itinto themedical dictionary.The programhas addedatleast25entirely newdiseases inthis way.Additionally,theUDNcovers thecost ofthe tests,meaningpatients arentburdened withcrushing medicaldebt.“I thinktheyve reallyadvanced andchanged thewhole modelfor howwe approachmany oftheseillnesses Jsays AnnePariser,director ofthe Officeof RareDiseases Research.Shesaysthe UDNsmultidisciplinaryapproach-bringing differentspecialists togetherto talkabout challengingcases——hashelped advancethe fieldof raredisease research,especially whenit comesto genetic。
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