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高中英语外刊阅读语篇精选
(一)选材世界知名报刊对接国家最新课标一线老师特约撰稿Rats canuse imagination to mentallyrecreate places theyfve visitedJustlike someonemay look back on a treasuredholiday,wishing theywere stillthere,rats canalsoimagine beingin placestheyve visitedbefore.(海马体),A regionof the brain calledthe hippocampuswhich playsa bigrole inmemory,is veryconsistentacross mammals.This ledscientists tosuspect thatnon-human animalsare similarlyable toimaginingplacestheyhave beento before,but itis difficultto provethat sucha brainprocess occurs.You canttalk to animals andask them to imaginesomething,says AlbertLee atthe BethIsraelDeaconess MedicalCenter inBoston,Massachusetts.He andhis colleagueshoped thatadvances intechnology couldovercome thisby creatinganinterface betweenthe animalsbrains anda machine,allowing themto communicate.()To putthe ideato thetest,the researchersdevised a360-degree virtualreality VR arena.They(跑步车)had threerats walkon atreadmill withinthis,but the VR madeit lookto theanimal likeit wasmovingthrough aspace resemblinga darktunnel.The rats were trained to find certain shapes within the VR for a rewardof sugary water.While theylookedfor theseshapes,electrical signalswere recordedfrom their hippocampus.The researchersusedthis datato producea brain-machine interfacethat reverseengineered thesignals producedby the ratsinto imagesthat werethen displayedin the VRarena.They alsowondered ifa ratimagining acertain locationwithin the VR,which involvestheactivation ofcertain hippocampal cells,would similarlycause itto appearin thearena.In asecond experiment,the researcherstested thisidea bygetting the rats to do twotasks.Theseboth involvedthe ratsbeing placedonatreadmill,but,unlike before,moving didntaffect what they saw.In the first task,the ratshad toimagine navigatingto a particular shapethey had already seen,forinstance acircle,to receivesugarywater.By envisaginglocations in the VRthat theyhad beenthrough,the ratsactivated certain hippocampalcells,which wastranslated bythebrain-machine interfaceintoimages inthe VR.The ratsquickly learnedthat movingon thetreadmill didntget themcloser tothe shape,butimagining howthey wouldreach itled towhattheysaw inthe VRchanging,bringing themcloser tothecircle,says Lee.They graspit reallyfast/9says teammember ChongxiLai atthe HowardHughesMedical Institutein Maryland.In the second task,the ratslearned tomove ashape intheVRto aspecific location using theirimagination.Unlike inthe first task,the worldaround themdidnt move,which causedthe animalstomove lessthemselves.Wc wantedthemtosit still and imagine,just likehumans/says Lai.The ratsdid bothtasks successfully,the researcherswrite in their paper.This isthefirsttime itsbeenshown that animals cancontrol thisinternal modelof theworld intheirhippocampus,“says Lee.Its acritical stepthat underliesimagination.^^Lee expectsthat thesimilarity of the hippocampusacrossmammals meansthey areall ableto havesuch thoughts.But howsimilar arafs imagination is to a personsremains anopen question,says Lee,who addsthat the researchers plan to examine the extensiveness of rats12345imagination infuture studies.“The study shows that rats can imagine doing things in a way very similar to us,without actuallydoing them,“says Frank Sengpiel atCardiff University,UK.The ratswere ableto willfullycontrol theactivityof thenerve cellsintheirhippocampus,very muchlike whatwe dowhen weimagine things.Tomy mind,this showsnot onlythat ratsare capableof mentaltime travel,but alsothat theyare conscious.Words incontext
1.Find thesewords inthe text.Then,match eachword with their definitions.advance circlemachinemammal willfully
1.a pieceof equipmentwith movingparts thatis designedtodoaparticularjob
2.deliberately,intentionally,on purpose
3.a completelyround flatshape
4.progress oran instanceof progressin science,technology,human knowledge.
5.any animalthat givesbirth tolive babies,not eggs,and feedsits youngon milk.IL Completeeach sentencewiththeproper formof thegiven words or phrases.lead toplay arole incommunicate shapetaskspecific activityexpect
6.Color helpsthem judgedistance and.Thus theyare ableto catchbugs inthe airor tolig htonbranches.
7.Dont to be successfulright away.Rome wasntbuilt in a day,you know.
8.However,Wang saidthe planis stillunder discussionand willbe releasedatanapprop riate time.1You know,it1s oneoftheways we,so peoplecan learnfrom that.2Whenever youretrying topromote abrand name,your firstis tomake clearwhere the brandisavailable.3At thesame time,it wasthat therewas noregular sleep,can increasedtime watching television.4The aimsat trainingthe childrentobeindependent.Giving themtoo muchhelp willdefeat thepurpose ofthe activity.5Depression mayin weightgain throughinterference withthe endocrinesystem ordu eto adverseeffectsof antidepressantdrugs.IIL Translatethe followingexpressions intoChinese
1.lookbackon
2.be veryconsistent
3.advances intechnology
4.remains anopen question
5.in a wayverysimilar to usIV ReadingComprehension.Choose thebest answer.
1.The researcherstrained the rats toA.get close to sugarywaterB.seek differentshapesC.look forspecific shapesD.to recordelectrical signals
2.Which ofthe followingexpression isrightA.The ratshad difficultin activatingcertainhippocampalcellsB.In thefirsttask,theratsunderstood thatthey couldnot getclosetothe shapeon thetreadmill.C.In thesecond task,theratsused their imaginationtomove ashape intheVRtoacertain place.D.The ratswere askedto standstillandthink unlikehuman beings.
3.What willthe researchersdo inthe futureA.They willmake thesame experimentson otheranimals.B.They willtest whetherrats canimage otherthings like us.C.They willexamine ratsother abilitiesinstead ofimagination.D.They willtest humansimagination insteadof rats.
4.What canwe learnfrom thelast paragraphA.Rats canimagine doingthings ina waysame asus,without actuallydoing them.B.Rats canimagine doingthings inawayunlike us,without actuallydoing them.C.Rats canimagine doingthings notinaway similarto us,without actuallydoing themD.Rats canimagine doingthings inlikeus,without actuallydoing themVTranslationTranslate thefollowing sentencesinto English,using thewordsorphrases giveninthebracket.•她决定克服这种恐惧,没过几年,她就拿到了飞行员执照1overcome它们在保护土地方面发挥着重要作用
2.play an important role in;extinguish•由于火势凶猛,人们无法成功灭火3be unable to我的想法和你非常相似
4.be similarto参考答案I
1.Machine
2.Willfully
3.Circle
4.Advance
5.MammalII:
1.Communicate
2.Activity
3.Lead to
4.Task
5.Play arole in
6.Shape
7.Expect
8.SpecificIII:.回顾
1.非常一致
2.技术进步
3.仍然是一个悬而未决的问题
4.从某种点上,与我们非常相似
51.IV由第五段第一句可知C TheratsweretrainedtofindcertainshapeswithintheVRforareward ofsugarywater.由倒数第四段第一句可知
2.C Inthesecondtask,theratslearned tomove ashape intheVRto aspecificlocationusingtheirimagination.
3.B由倒数第二段可知But howsimilar arat simaginationistoaperson sremains anopen question,says Lee,who addsthattheresearchersplantoexaminetheextensivenessofratsimagination infuturestudies.;由最后——段第——句可矢口
4.D Thestudyshowsthatratscanimaginedoingthingsinawayvery similartous,without actuallydoingthem,“says FrankSengpiel atCardiff University,V:
1.She decidedto overcomethis fearand withina fewyears shehadapilots licence.
2.They playanimportantroleinprotecting theland
3.As thefierce fire,people wereunabletosuccessfully extinguishthe fire.
4.My ideais verysimilartoyours.参考译文就像一个人在回顾自己珍爱的假期时,会希望自己还在那里一样,老鼠也能想象自己曾经去过的地方在哺乳动物的大脑中,有一个叫做海马体的区域,它在记忆中起着重要作用这让科学家们怀疑,非人类动物也同样能够想象出它们曾经去过的地方,但很难证明这种大脑过程确实存在“马萨诸塞州波士顿贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心的阿尔伯特一李说“你无法与动物交谈,要求它们想象一些东西他和他的同事希望,技术的进步能够克服这一难题,在动物的大脑和机器之间建立一个界面,让它们进行交流为了验证这一想法,研究人员设计了一个度虚拟现实竞技场他们让三只老鼠在360VR其中的跑步机上行走,但在动物看来,使它们看起来像是在一个类似黑暗隧道的空间中移VR动这些老鼠接受了在中寻找特定形状以获得糖水奖励的训练当老鼠寻找这些形状时,VR它们海马体的电信号被记录下来研究人员利用这些数据制作了一个脑机接口,将老鼠产生的信号逆向转换成图像,然后显示在场景中VR他们还想知道,大鼠想象中的某个位置涉及激活某些海马体细胞是否会同样导致该VR位置出现在竞技场中在第二个实验中,研究人员通过让老鼠完成两项任务来验证这一想法这两项任务都是把老鼠放在跑步机上,但与之前不同的是,移动并不会影响它们看到的东西在第一项任务中,老鼠必须想象导航到它们已经看到的特定形状,例如一个圆圈,以获得糖水通过想象中它们曾经经历过的地点,大鼠激活了某些海马细胞,这些细胞通过脑机VR接口转化为中的图像VR李说,老鼠很快就知道,在跑步机上移动并不能让它们更接近那个形状,但想象它们如何到达那个形状会让它们在中看到的东西发生变化,从而让它们更接近那个圆“马里兰州VR霍华德-休斯医学研究所的团队成员赖崇喜说“它们掌握得非常快在第二项任务中,大鼠学会了利用想象力将中的形状移动到特定位置与第一项任务VR不同的是,它们周围的世界并没有移动,这就导致动物自己的移动减少”赖说“我们希望它们能像人类一样,静静地坐着想象研究人员在论文中写道,老鼠成功地完成了这两项任务“李说”这是首次证明动物可以控制海马体中的这个内部世界模型“这是想象力的关键一步李预计,不同哺乳动物海马体的相似性意味着它们都有能力进行这种思考李说,但老鼠的想象力与人的想象力有多相似仍是一个悬而未决的问题,他补充说,研究人员计划在未来的研究中考察老鼠想象力的广泛性”英国卡迪夫大学的弗兰克-森皮尔说这项研究表明,老鼠能够以一种与FrankSengpiel我们非常相似的方式想象做事,而不用实际去做“老鼠能够有意识地控制海马体神经细胞的活动,这与我们想象事物时所做的非常相似在我看来,这不仅表明老鼠能够进行精神上的时间旅行,还表明它们是有意识的。