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定语从句【区别】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用(相当于形容词的作用,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致)非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语从句
一、关系代词分类用于限制性和非限制性定语从句用于限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系代词与关系副词的用法指人指物既指人又指物
1、关系代词和关系代词在任何条件下都不能省略主格词Who不可省Which That不可省
2、Who whomwhich不能用that代替也不能相互替换宾格词Whom可省
3、在“介词+Which/Whom”从句的结构中介词不能移到从句后面属格词Whose/of whom不nJ省Whose/of which不nJ省Whose不口」省4^when where可以用于非限制定语从句中
一、关系代词用法That1当先行词是不定代词all,much littleysomething,everything,anything nothing,none,the one时、99例He toldme everythingthat heknows.(限制定语从句中必须用的几种情况)
2、当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little no,all修饰时例:All thebooks thatyou offeredhas beengiven out.
3、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时仞J:This isthe bestbook thatI haveever read.
4、当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时例:We talkedabout the persons andthings thatwe remembered.
5、当先行词即有人又有物时例:They talkedabout the teachers andthe schoolsthat theyknew.
6、当主句的主语是疑问词who、which时例:Who isthe manthat ismaking aspeech
7、有两个定语从句时,其中一个用了which另外一个宜用that例:Edison builtup afactory whichproduced thingsthat hadnever beenseen before
8、当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中作表语时例China isnot thecountry thatit was.
9、当要避免与疑问词which重复时例Which isthe carthat wasmade inBeijing
10.主句是There be结构,修饰物,充当主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词(备注在There be结构中,修饰人,充当主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人例Theres stilla seatin thecorner thatis stillfree.Theres agentleman whowants tosee you.
11、that有时可用来代替when,引导一个定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等例Heworkedhardthewholetimewhen/thathelivedhere.October1,1949was theday when/that thePeoples Republicof Chinawas founded.
11、that有时可用来代替when,引导一个定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等例Heworkedhardthewholetimewhen/thathelivedhere.October1,1949was theday when/that thePeoples Republicof Chinawas founded.
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人例:HeAs只用which,即可以引导限制定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主has ason,who hasgone abroadfbr furtherstudy语、宾语或表语who,whom的情
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指1Such+名词+as...像…一样的,像…之类的…人f列:Don,t readsuch booksas youcanl understand.况彳列:I likethepersonto whomtheteacheris talking.
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用whoo例例Those whorespect othersare usuallyrespected byothers.
4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时
3、…such…as…such代词”这样的人或物”as在从句中修饰such例例Here isthe Englishgrammar which,ashave toldyou,will helpimprove yourEnglish.【区别】例例
1、引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后
2、当定语从句放在主句后⑴当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时只用whicho例⑴as仍然保持做连词的某种意义例面时并不是as就永远等于which⑵从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which做主语例⑵当as在从句中做主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态be know,be said例⑶当非限制性定语从句的谓语动词是一个复合结构时,只能用which0例3as常用在asitsame likely,asit oftenhappens,asitwaspoint outAs itwassaid earlier,as Iremember it,as Iunderstand it,as itAppears例【注】当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as或which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式例介词+关系代词
1、当介词在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能which指物,whom指人且关系代词例不能省略
2、“介词+which/whom+不定式”结构例例
3、“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装结构例
4、在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物)that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语,且介词宾语的关系代词可省略定语从句用法的其他要点
一、关系代词在定语从句中做主语时不可省略
二、引导定语从句中的关系代词在从句中做主语
1、one of+名词复数+关系代词+动词复数例时,那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数的方面,应该与先行词保持一致
2、the onlyof+名词复数+关系代词+动词单数例
3、其他情况例
三、注意way后接定语从句的情况
1、当先行词是way且译为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从例句的关系词有一下三种情况
四、注意time后接定语从句的情况
1、当先行词是time,且作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词Ihat例引导定语从句,thal可省略例
2、若time作“一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。