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4.1Essence ofStupid LoyaltyBoxerhas always been the most hardworkingone on the farm.He isa talland stronghorse.His sizecanbe aslarge astwo ordinaryhorses.He has a strongworking abilityand acalm character.This makesmanyanimals respectand admirehim.Boxer isthe objectenvy forevery animal.Even in the Jonesera,he wasalsothe mostactive andhard worker.In theprocess ofbuilding awindmill,Boxer tookon all the heavywork.He becamethe mainworker inthe farm.From morningto night,he hasbeen constantlypulling stone,always in themostdifficult placetowork.He gnawedcock ashis alarm,reminding himto getup earlyevery dayand halfan hourearlier than theother animals.When hefaced problemsand setbacks,he saidnI willwork harder!nHe usedthis phraseas hispersonalmotto.But,it washis fatalinjury thathe blindlyworshiped the leadership class.He wasconvinced ofSquealer*s claimof Discipline,comrades,iron discipline!n And he thoughtNapoleon is always right.But hisfinalresult wasonly soldby theleader tothe ButchersFarm.In theeyes of the ruler,there isno conceptofequality,only machinesthat canbe used.He workedhard,symbolizing thevast numberof non-leadership classproletarians and the widerrangeof ordinarypeople.They arekind andsimple,contributing their own strengthtothe revolution andevensacrificing themselveson theforefront of the revolution.However,because of their blindloyalty,they areeventuallyexploited andslaughtered bytotalitarians”.
4.2Inaction andWeakness ofCynicismBenjamin isa differentexistence onthis farm.He seemedto knoweverything,but neverbroken anddid not explain.He hasalwaysbeena silentindividual.Before the revolution began,he appearedto beincompatiblewith everyone.He seldomtalked andwhen hedid.It wasusually to make somecynical remarksforinstance.Even afterthe revolution,he hasnot changedthe slightest.When allthe animals were learningabout thecontents of the Seven Commandments,Benjamin*s levelofreading wasas goodas pig,but hedid notshow histrue level.When other animals askedhim whyhe didnotread,he toldthem that there is nothing hedeserved to read.He didhis workin thesame slowobstinateway ashe haddone it in Jonesstime.He nevershirked andnever volunteeredfor extrawork either.About theRebellionand itsresults,he wouldexpress noopinion.When the animals foundSquealed lyingnext tothe ladder,everyone couldnot figureout whatsgoingon.Only Benjaminnoticed thefifth commandmentwas secretlychanged toNo animalshall drinkalcoholTO EXCESS.He noddedhis muzzlewith aknowing airand seemedto understand,but hedid notsayanything.The lastof the revolution,he alsonoticed that theSevenCommandmentson the wallremained ALLANIMALS ARE EQUAL,BUT SOMEANIMALSAREMORE EQUALTHAN OTHERS
11.He justsilentlylooked atit.He hasalwaysmaintained theimage thateveryone wasintoxicated,but only remained sober*He knewthe truth,but neversaidit.He hasbeen silent,but hehad his own uniqueview ofthings.He wasafraid tospeak outunder socialandpolitical pressure.He isa typicalrepresentative ofcynicism underthe politicalpressure.The groupof peopleissober-minded andknows wheresocial problemslie.They areunderstand thedefects andcontradictions insociety.However,only throughsocial,they knowthat inorder tosurvive,you needto blursome of the facts.Therefore,although awareof thedegeneration of socialism undertotalitarianism,it canonlyremainsilentdue tothe socialpressure.Cynicism didnothing andweakness toa certainextent contributedto thedevelopment of totalitarianism.They arealso silentperson.
4.3Fall ofServilityNapoleons rulebecame more and morebrutal.Animals9lives werestill harderthan before.In ordertosurvive,the servilityof animalsbecame theirinstinct.
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3.1The instinctfor survivalInAnimal Farm,Old Majortoldthe animalsthat they weregiven justso muchfood aswill keepthebreath in their bodiesand thoseof themwho werecapable ofit wereforced to work tothe lastatom of theirstrength.The veryinstant that their usefulnesshas cometoanend,they wereslaughtered withhideous cruelty.He persuadedthe animals to revolution.Beasts ofEngland in Animal Farm,the lyricsof thissong directexpression of the urgentneed ofanimalsfor food.The causeof the revolution wasalso due to Mr.Jones drunktoo muchand forgotto feedtheanimals.Animals rebelledbecause ofhunger.The motivationfactor basedonthephysiological needofgetting foodwas muchmore important.After thevictory of the revolution,the animalslooked joyfullyat everythingin the farm.They workedhardharder andenjoyed chewingtheirownfood.Good timesdonotlast long,the pigsthrough variety ofexcuses toreduce theration ofotheranimals.So that the animalsdid morework andate lessthan Mr.Jonesdid atthetime.Even so,no animalincited therebellion,because thefood that they haveobtained isenough tosustainlife.Although otheranimals areless intelligentthan pigs,but theycontrast thelife wasformerly controlledbyMr.Jones andnow domore,eat less”the so-called nfreelife.They caneasily findout whichperiod isbetter.Perhaps workingfor themselvesis stillthe spiritualmotivation ofmost animal,perhaps thegoodwishes ofa freeand equallife willstill appeasethem.Many animalsstill have no resistancein thispainful life,but someanimalsweredissatisfied withthis situation.In orderto consolidatetherule,Napoleon not onlysends faithfulsupporter Squealerasalobbyist,but alsodidnot forget touse force.In theface ofbrutal killing,no animaldares toshout1want freedom
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3.2The revolutionThe warriors didtheir utmostfor thefreedom,justice andequality.However,the power of victorywaseasily transformedinto theviolence of the rulers.Thewarriorscontinued tolive in the livesof slavesin thekingdomsthat theypersonally established.A horseisawell-deserved Herculesin the“Battle of the cowshedand the Battle ofthe windmill”.Hehas madegreat contributionstothefight against humanity.He wasa loyalsupporter ofthe revolution and themostservile revolutionary.He alwaysputs thewords,“I wanttoworkharder1*and“Napoleon alwayssays itiscorrect.n Oneday,he couldnot getup becauseof overwork.However,he supportsNapoleon soldhim totheslaughter house.In exchangefor abox ofwhiskey forpigs enjoy.His lifewas tointerpret thelife ofslavesto thevery top.Revolutionary leaderslook great.In fact,they had a deeperlevel ofslavery.The victoryof therevolutiongave thepoweroftheleader.Eventually thepower turnedinto violence.The reasonwas thatleaderswere worriedabout otherscompeting forhis power.It wasthrough thepsychological tortureof thesickthat theyhadavarietyofcruelty andtorture.Snowball andNapoleon playedthe leadingrole in theBattleoftheCowshed.After therevolution,theywere alsodecision makersduring theconstruction phaseofanimalkingdom.Under theauspices ofSnowball,the animalsestablished thenAnimal Committee,The Commissionfor thePresence ofEggs*and TheWildGay Re-education Committee”.In orderto allowthe animalstoreadand rememberthe SevenCommandmentsSnowballalso organizeda studyclass.Most ofthe animalswere quicklyblinded.For stupidanimals,he taughtwith simplernew rules.Soon,sheep learnedthe simpleprinciple ofFour legsare good,two legsare bad*.However,in theeyes ofNapoleon,he isNapoleons biggestpolitical enemy.He droveSnowball out ofthe animalfarm with the help of fierce dogs.Since then,Napoleon*s totalitarianis moreand morebrutal.Animals willnotforgetthat bloodyscene in the afternoon.Nine dogsunder Napoleonsinstructions chewedthrough the throatof fourpigs.Subsequently,cocks andsheep thatcame outwere alsobitten bydogs.
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1945.Ithas beenrecognized asthe Anti-Utopian politicalallegory.In the novel,animals onthe farmarenot satisfiedwith the human exploitation.So,they revoltand chasethe human out ofthefarm successfully.But inthe end,therevolutionstill failed.This thesisattempts toanalyze thetotalitarianismand theweakness ofthe ruled class,pointing outthe darknessoftherealisticsociety,with theconclusion thatthe servilityof human beings,to someextent,can leadto thefailure oftherevolution.At last,throughtheanalysis ofthe unrealityof utopianthought,it ishopedto arousethe reader9s deepthinkingandprovoke moreresearch onit.Key words:Animal Farm;Revolution;Totalitarianism;Utopia《动物庄园》是乔治•奥威尔在年出版的第一部具有代表性的小说它被公认为反乌托邦政治讽喻寓言小说描1写94了5动物庄园的动物们对人类剥削他们的行为产生了不满,于是他们发起了反抗并且成功地将人类赶出了庄园,但最终革命还是失败了本文主要对《动物庄园》中的极权主义和被统治阶级的软弱性进行分析,指出现实社会的黑暗性,阐明了人的奴性在一定程度上会导致革命失败的结果最后,通过对乌托邦思想不现实性的剖析,引发读者深思并对其进行深入研究关键词《动物农场》;革命;极权主义;乌托邦I.IntroductionGeorge OrwellisaBritish novelist,essayist andsocial critic.There arevarious kindsof hisworkincluding novels,essays,book reviews,letters anddiaries,which werecollected bysome scholars.In hisnovels,he reflects the significanceof criticizingsociety andreflecting onthehumanvalue oflife.As issaidin Encyclopediaof WorldLiterature inthe20th Centurysays,understanding Orwellrequires“a politicalpurposeand anartistic purposeto understandtogether”.Animal Farmis anallegorical novel,which showsthatthe animals havejust escapedthe enslavementandcontrol ofhuman beings,resulting infurther chaosand sufferingdue tothe extremepursuit ofpower.The novelis directedagainst totalitarianism,thepowerof criticismoftheenslavement ofpeoples mindsandpersonalities.Meanwhile,it satirizesthe trustofthe ruledclasson lies.They arenot atall clearabout theessenceof theseproblems,notonlybecause theydont haveenough intelligence,but theyrely onotherpeoples control.Their obedienceis alsoan innermostconsciousness.By describingthe animals9fear andunconditional obedienceto Napoleon,readers canunderstand thethoughtsthatthenovel itselfwishes toexpress.This novelwarns peoplewho lostthemselves inthe formofvirtual anti-utopia,letting thelost personfear andwake up.This articleanalyzes thethree aspectsof thecontrolofthethought ofthe animalsby totalitarianism,the ruledclass blindlytrust inthe rulingclass andUtopianthought isnot ofpractical significanceinAnimal Fa rm.These threeaspects haveplayed animportantrole inanalyzing thecauses ofthe failure oftherevolution inAnimalFa rm,IL LiteratureReviewAfter theWorld WarII,a bipolarpattern wasformed betweenthe UnitedStates andthe SovietUnion.There havebeen twocamps inthe world,the westerncapitalist countriesled bythe UnitedStates andthesocialist countriesheaded bythe SovietUnion.GeorgeOrwelldidnt recognizethe twocamps.So heusedAnimal Fa rm tosneak ontotalitarianism.The novelhas causedheated discussingduring
1945.Manyscholars havemade researchand analysisof totalitarianismin novel.Foreign researchersare focusinginthelight ofthe politicalnature.In thehistory ofEnglish literature,people oftenfocused onthe politicalnature of Animal Farm.People thinkthat Hehated totalitarianismandhe wasconfused aboutthe aimsand methodsof socialism”in hisnovel.The famoussociologist ZygmuntBauman*s TheModernity ofFlow hasmentioned theproblems ofsocial existenceinAnimalFarm.Britishscholar TerryEagleton studiedthe relationshipof literary language inAnimalFarm.And applieditintheTwentieth CenturyLiterary Theoryto exploreliterarylanguage.However,in domesticresearch,the focusofAnimal Farmisalwaysput onthe studyof symbolism,irony andabsurdity showninthenovel.Even somepeopletry toanalyze thenovel fromthe aspectof historicalbackground.But inAnimal Farm,there arefew peoplewho analyzethe reasonsfor thefailureoftherevolution.Butanalyzing thispart ofthe reasonis veryimportant.The animalrevolution isthe epitomeofthedevelopmentof thehuman revolutionarysociety.By analyzingthe reasonsfor thefailureoftherevolution,readers canseethe roleoftheleading classandtheruledclassintherevolutionandthey canbegin toreflect onthe truemeaningoftherevolution.HI.Totalitarianism ofthe LeadingClassIn thenovel AnimalFarm,allthe animalsonthefarmhave dissatisfiedwith humanexploitation ofthem.They launcheda revoltagainsthumanand succeeded in drivinghumanoutofthefarm.But inthe end,pigs replacedhuman asnew privilegedclasses.Other animals are stilltheruledclass.Their lifeis worsethanbefore.This sectionmainly focusesontherevolution thatoriginally stoodfor democracy,but waseventuallyswallowed byNapoleons totalitarianism.
3.1Totalitarianism fromDemocratic SocialismThestory ofAnimal Fannis aboutthe crueltyoftherevolution.On anordinary Britishfarm,a groupofanimals wereenslaved byhuman beings.They liveinthebitter lifeof starvationevery day.Old Majordescribesthe simplerevolutionary enlightenmentthought inthe bigbarn.He toldtheanimalsthatthelife ofananimal ismisery andslavery.He clearlyfocused onthe factthattheanimalsaresuffering andthattheroot causesof sufferingare alldueto humanity.This isdone to evoke thefeelings ofaversion andhatred inthe heartsoftheanimals.This isdonetoevoketheir instinctsof universalself-love.After puttingforward thetheory thathuman exploitationofanimal,animal mustbe readyfortherevolution.Old Majordied peacefullyin hissleep.However,itsspeech becamethe revolutionarygoal oftheanimals.Democracy hasbeen introducedinto theminds ofanimals.Snowball andNapoleon plannedand ledtheanimalrevolution.The farmerwas successfullydrivenaway.The animalshave realizedtheir desiretobemasters ofthe housewas renamedas AnimalFarm.Thepigs hadsucceededinreducing theprinciples ofAnimalism toSevenCommandments.These SevenCommandmentswere formedan unalterablelaw bywhich alltheanimalson AnimalFarm mustlive foreverafter.But thepleasant timesdont lastlong,opinions aredivided withSnowball andNapoleon.Snowballwas drivenaway ofthefarmby nineenormous dogs.After Napoleonascended tothe throne,he wasincreasinglygreedy forpower,material andbeauty.When hewas exercisingpower,he becamemore andmoremad,even morethanthe old ruler.Totalitarianism hasreplaced democraticideas.The nSevenCommandments”thattheanimals initiallybelieved inwere alsouseless andarbitrarily modifiablefor theNapoleon.At theend ofthenovel,the AnimalFarm wasshrouded inthe shadowof autocraticideology.Theanimals were not allowed to havepersonality andwerenotallowedtotell thetruth.The productionofAnimalFarm remindsreaders ofnational liberation-duetothe introductionofadvanced democraticideas.The thoughtoftheoppressed peoplewas awakened.The peopleoverthrew theimperialistand colonialrule.But theresult oftherevolutionis contrarytotheintention ofthe majorityof theparticipants.After gainingan independentregime,thenewsystem hasbecome thesame astheoldsocialsystem.
3.2Lies andIllusions ofTotalitarianismSnowball isa boarwith theconsciousness ofan independent,public,rational andleader.He isversatileand hehas demonstratedextraordinary leadershipin hisefforts tochange thesystem,changearchitecture andtransform peoplesminds.It isworth notingthat histalent andcourage cannotcompete withNapoleonspower.From thevery beginning,Napoleon hadno interestinthevarious committeesthatSnowballchaired.He believes thatthenew governmentisnotas goodas all animals ofdifferent educationalages.It isbetter toeducateyoung peopleas earlyas possible.So hequickly tooknine newlyweaned puppiesfrom theirparentsand lockedthem inthe isolatedattic.He dideducation“to them.Then ina plenarysession,he droveSnowballoutoftheAnimalFarmwiththehelpoffiercedogs.If Napoleon*s trainingof dogsand useof dogsreflectstheIron Wrist”ruler*s highpriority anddirectabuse ofpowerful wrists.Then hisspeech iseven softerand stronger.Andhealways liesto deceiveanimals.“Van Dijkbelievesthatthe premiseofsocialmanipulation isfirst tocontrol therighttospeak*.Thereare fourmajor liesin hisworks:First,Jones andhumanbeingsare animaTs“sworn enemy”;Second,Jonesand humanbeings willfight backat anytime;Third,Snowball isstill aroundand hehas alreadyset upsecretagents;Fourth,the responsibilitiesoftheestate leadersare“hard andheavy”.In ordertomakedecisionswithout mistakes,the brainlaborers whohave tolive likehumans
1.Napoleons moredeceptive rulingproject isthe“Windmill project.After arbitrarilytakingSnowbalTs originaldesign intohisownhands,he forcedanimalstowork overtimeinthehuge taskofbuilding the“Windmill“project.However,he soldmaterials forprofit inengineering projects.Not onlythat,he alsomade the“Windmill“project alwaysimpossible tocomplete.With thedevelopmentofthe plotof thenovel,the”Windmill”project ismoreandmore likean absurdand meaninglessgreat cause
1.It isonly apoliticalmeans thatthe rulercan oftenuse tomobilize thepeople andenslave people.Napoleons planwas tomakethe projectnever complete.The windmillproject cannever becompleted likean illusion.In thisway,animals willbe devotedto buildingtheir homes.In thecommand andsacred mission,allanimalsobey ordersandhavenoregret.
3.3Ideological Tyrannyunder Totalitarianism。