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Peoples EducationPressSenior HighSchoolEnglis目录•The definitionand characteristicsof nonCONTENTSrestrictive relative clauses•The guidingwords of non restrictive relativeclauses目录•The usageof nonrestrictive relative clausesCONTENTS•Translation andpractice ofnon restrictiverelative clauses•Analysis ofcommon errorsin nonrestrictiverelative clauses01The definitionandcharacteristics ofnonrestrictive relative clausesdefinitionA non-restrictive relative clause isa subordinateclause thatprovides additionalinformation aboutanoun orpronoun,without restrictingor modifyingits meaning.It isset offby commas,parentheses,or dashes,and canbe omitted without changingthe meaning ofthe sentence.characteristicNon-restrictive relative clauses areused toprovideadditional informationthat isnot essentialto themeaningof the sentence.They areoften used to adddetails,backgroundinformation,or clarifythe identityof the subject.The differencebetween restrictiveattributiveclauses andnon-restrictive clausesIna restrictive relative clause,the informationprovided bythe clauseisessential to the meaningof thesentence andcannot beomitted withoutchanging its meaning.A non-restrictive relative clause,on theother hand,provides additionalinformationthat isnot essentialtothemeaningof thesentenceand canbeomittedwithoutchangingitsmeaning.02The guidingwords ofnonrestrictive relative clausesWhichMeaningwhich isused tointroduce anon-restrictive relativeclause thatprovides additionalinformationabout anoun.ExampleThe book,which waswritten byJohn,is very interesting.The clausewhich waswritten byJohn isnon-restrictive andprovides additionalinformation about the book.WhoMeaningwho isused tointroduce anon-restrictive relativeclause thatrefersto aperson.ExampleThe man,who is standing on the street,is myneighbor.The clausewhoisstandingonthestreet isnon-restrictive andprovides additionalinformationabouttheman.AsMeaningas isusedtointroduce anon-restrictive relativeclause thatcomparestwo thingsor situations.ExampleHe isas tall as his father.Theclause astallashisfatherisnon-restrictive andcompares theheightof the subject withhisfather.03The usageofnonrestrictiverelative clausesAsSubjectWhen the relativeclause modifies thesubject of themain clause,it is called asubject relativeclause.Example:The studentwho wonthe prizeis fromChina.The subjectof the main clauseis student,and the relativeclause who wonthe prizemodifiesthe subject.As ObjectWhenthe relativeclause modifies the objectof themain clause,it iscalled anobject relativeclause.Example:I knowthe studentwho wonthe prize.The objectof themain clauseis student,and the relativeclausewho wonthe prizemodifiestheobject.Used asa predicateWhentherelativeclausemodifiesExample:The student,who hasathe predicateof themain clause,passion formusic,is very talented.it iscalled apredicate relativeThe predicateof themain clauseclause.is is verytalented,and theVSrelativeclausewho hasa passionformusic modifiesthe predicate.Used asan adverbialWhentherelativeclause functionsas Example:The studentwho studies hardan adverbial modifying themain clause,always getsgood grades.The relativeit iscalledan adverbialrelativeclause.clausewhostudieshardfunctions asanadverbialmodifyingthemainclausethe studentalways getsgood grades.04Translation andpractice ofnonrestrictive relative clausesTranslation skillsTranslationprinciplesWhen translatingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses,itisimportant tomaintain theoriginal meaningand style,while ensuringfluency andnaturalness in the targetlanguage.Techniques fortranslationSome commontechniques includerephrasing,paraphrasing,and contextualunderstanding toaccuratelyconvey theinformation withinthe non-restrictiverelativeclause.Translation challengesChallengesmay includecomplex sentencestructures,cultural differences,and theneed tobalancebetween literaltranslation andnatural expression.Analysis ofexercise questions123Question types:Exercise questionsSolution approaches:Approaches Commonmistakes toavoid:often covera rangeof sentenceto solvingthese questionsinclude Commonmistakes includepatternsand contexts,including analyzingthe structureof themisidentifying non-restrictiveidentifying non-restrictiverelativesentence,understanding therelativeclauses,over-translating orclauses,modifying theirplacement functionofthenon-restrictive under-translating information,andwithin asentence,and rephrasingclause withinthe context,and notmaintaining theoriginalsentences toinclude orexclude applyingtranslation rulesand meaningand styleinthetargetnon-restrictive clauses.techniques toarrive ata naturallanguage.and accuratetranslation.05Analysis ofcommon errorsinnon restrictiverelative clausesIncorrectuse ofguide wordsIncorrectuse ofthat Confusionbetween thatand whoThatis oftenused inplace ofwhich whenit Thatis oftenused inplace ofwhich whenitcomes beforea comma,but thisusage isincorrect.comes beforea comma,but thisusage isincorrect.Example:The bookthat waswritten by him wasExample:The bookthat waswritten by him wasvery interesting.Correct:The book,which was veryinteresting.Correct:The book,which waswritten by him,was veryinteresting.written byhim,wasveryinteresting.Sentence positionerrorIncorrect placementoftherelative clauseTherelativeclauseshould notcome beforethesubjector afterthe predicate.Example:I likethe bookwhich waswritten byhim.Correct:The book,whichwas written byhim,isveryinteresting.Placement beforethe subjectPlacingtherelativeclause beforethesubjectcan leadto confusionand makethesentence difficultto understand.Example:Which waswritten byhim,I likethe book.Correct:I likethebook,which waswritten byhim.Inconsistent withChinese expressionhabitsInconsistency intense andvoiceChinese tendsto usethe presenttense inrelativeclauses,while Englishuses thepast tense.Example:The bookwhich iswritten byhim isveryinteresting.Correct:The book,which waswrittenbyhim,isvery interesting.Inconsistency insubject-verb agreementChinesedoes nothave subject-verb agreement,while Englishdoes.Example:The bookwhich iswrittenbyhimare veryinteresting.Correct:The books,which werewrittenbyhim,are veryinteresting.感谢您的观看THANKS。